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Refresh: to copy digital information from one long-term storage medium
to another of the same type, with no change whatsoever in the bit stream
(e.g. from a decaying 800 bpi tape to a new 800 bpi tape, or from an older
5 1/4" floppy to a new 5 1/4" floppy).
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"Modified refreshing" is the copying to another medium of a similar enough
type hat no change is made in the bit pattern that is of concern to the
application and operating system using the data, e.g. from an 800 bpi tape
to a 1600 bpi tape or to a "square", cartridge, tape; or from a 5 1/4"
floppy disk to a 3 1/2" floppy disk.
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Migrate: to copy data, or convert data, from one technology to another,
whether hardware or software, preserving the essential characteristics
of the data; generally forward in time. (At the moment, it is recognized,
this final qualifier begs many questions.) Examples: conversion
of XyWrite w/p files to Microsoft Word; conversion of ClarisWorks v3 spreadsheet
files to Microsoft Excel v4 files; conversion of binary tape images of
survey research
multi-punched tab cards to a data base format; copying an 800 bpi tape
file to a sequential disk file; converting a DOS FoxPro data base to a
Visual Basic database for Windows 95; converting a PICT image to
a TIFF image; converting a ClarisWorks for Windows v4 w/p file to a Macintosh
ClarisWorks v4 file.
Examples can be given, as here, for cases known to be required; the
longer term preservation problem is to prepare for forward migrations when
the future technologies are unknown.
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Emulate: (find and use better Comp SCI terms here, probably) in hardware
terms, the creation of software for a computer that reproduces in all essential
characteristics (as defined by the problem to be solved) the performance
of another computer of a different design. Computers may emulate
earlier computers in order to provide backward compatibility, or may emulate
a future computer in order to provide a software development environment
while the newer computer is still being fabricated.
In software preservation terms, the creation of software that analyzes
the software environment of a document such that it can provide a user
interface to the document that substantially reproduces the essential characteristics
of the document as it was created by its originating software.
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Document: (use sense that Apple began to use, with Macintosh; anything
manipulated by an application; find their definition and build on it.
Note Dublin Core [and other] use of "document like object").
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Authenticate: of users, to verify that network users are in fact who they
identify themselves to be; of documents, to validate the integrity of a
document with respect to its original authorized creation.
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Authentication: (of a resource--i.e. of data, not people)
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Authenticity: (of a resource--i.e. of data, not people)
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Integrity: synonym of authenticity (of a resource--i.e. of data, not people)