\m    42   14   46    2  1 'General Information'
\m    53   18   33    2  1 'Scouting Wheat for Insects'
\m    99   38   98    3  1 'Action Thresholds for Insect Pests'
\m   136   52   33    4  1 'Description of Major Insect Pests'
\m   137   52   75    4  2 'Aphids and Greenbugs'
\m   158   60   83    4  2 'Armyworms'
\m   175   67   71    4  2 'Chinch Bugs'
\m   193   74   65    5  2 'Grasshoppers'
\m   206   78  117    5  2 'Hessian Flies'
\m   227   87  116    5  2 'Stinkbugs'
\m   244   94   21    6  1 'Control of Specific Insect Pests'
\m   245   94   62    6  2 'Alfalfa Caterpillars'
\m   262   99   60    6  2 'Aphids'
\m   298  112    5    7  2 'Armyworms'
\m   326  121   63    7  2 'Beet Webworms'
\m   338  125   62    7  2 'Black Grass Bugs'
\m   351  129   73    8  2 'Cereal Leaf Beetles'
\m   388  145   47    8  2 'Chinch Bugs and False Chinch Bugs'
\m   406  151    1    9  2 'Cutworms'
\m   437  162   35    9  2 'Diamondback Moths'
\m   449  166   41    9  2 'European Skippers'
\m   465  170  117   10  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   483  176  113   10  2 'Grasshoppers'
\m   528  194  110   11  2 'Greenbugs'
\m   556  205   44   11  2 'Hessian Flies'
\m   586  219   17   12  2 'Leafhoppers'
\m   603  224   55   12  2 'Loopers'
\m   617  228   86   12  2 'Mites'
\m   661  246   39   13  2 'Stinkbugs'
\m   675  250  106   13  2 'Thrips'
\m   693  256   19   13  2 'Wireworms (Seed Corn Maggots)'
\t'November 1987'                                               'IV I-'
\a                 Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
\a                 Dr. Dick Sprenkel, Extension Entomologist
\a
\a                            INSECT CONTROL IN WHEAT

                 Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
                 Dr. Dick Sprenkel, Extension Entomologist


\h 1 'General Information'
                            INSECT CONTROL IN WHEAT


                              General Information

The release of several adapted varieties has led to a renewed interest in
planting wheat in Florida.  Generally, wheat has fewer insect problems than
other agronomic crops.  However, a number of insects can reduce yields and
growers need to be able to identify the major pests and respond with
appropriate management practices to avoid unnecessary losses.
\h 1 'Scouting Wheat for Insects'



                           Scouting Wheat for Insects

Although wheat grown in Florida generally does not have many insect pest
problems, scouting on a regular interval is strongly recommended.  Scouting on
a weekly interval permits a grower to identify pest infestations early and
avoid yield loss through timely application of control measures.

Samples should be selected at random and be representative of the field
scouted.  Approximately 20% of the samples should be taken on the edge of the
field and the remainder in the interior of the field.  From late tillering
through dough stage wheat should be checked weekly for insect pests.  One
sample should be taken for each five acres of field size with a minimum of
five samples per field.  Each sample consists of examining the ground,
foliage, and seed heads for insect pests and damage within a 2 X 4 foot area.
Since wheat is commonly planted with a grain drill with rows spaced on seven
inch centers, three rows four feet long would be sampled.

Estimate the total number of aphids, greenbugs, and chinch bugs on the wheat
plants contained in the sample area.  Determine the number of aphids,
greenbugs, and chinch bugs per linear foot of row from the estimates.

Count the number of armyworms in the area to be sampled.  Also, check for
armyworm damage (striped leaves or clipped heads).  Armyworms commonly feed
during late afternoon, night, or early morning hours and remain hidden on the
soil at the base of the plant during the remainder of the day.  This behavior
can make them difficult to detect.  When checking for armyworms, pay
particular attention to any areas of the field that may have rank growth.
These areas are preferred by the armyworm moths and are usually the first to
become infested.

Grasshoppers tend to be more common on edges of fields.  If grasshoppers are
found in the field, check for damage or cut heads and note the area involved
in the infestation.

\bStinkbugs have the potential for causing the greatest yield loss during the
grain filling and soft dough stages.  Check heads carefully during this period
for either the rice stinkbug or the Southern green stinkbug.  Record the total
number of stinkbugs found in each sample and calculate the number per linear
foot of row.  At the same time aphid and greenbug populations are estimated,
note the presence of predators feeding on the pests.  Pay special attention to
the foliage at the base of plants in thin stands of wheat.  Chinch bugs prefer
these sites and may usually be found there first.
\h 1 'Action Thresholds for Insect Pests'



                       Action Thresholds for Insect Pests

Detailed studies on the action thresholds of the common insect pests of wheat
under Florida conditions have not been conducted.  Those thresholds given
below are suggested as guidelines to assist you in making pest control
decisions.

Aphids and greenbugs are usually controlled by predators in the spring in
Florida.  However, when few predators are present, and aphid and greenbug
populations exceed 100 per linear foot of row, chemical treatment is usually
justified.

An average of 16 or more armyworms 1/2 inch or more in length per 2 X 4 foot
sample usually justifies treatment.  If large worms are present and not
clipping heads, and if the wheat is nearly mature (hard dough stage), then
chemical control is not recommended.

Chemical control of chinchbugs is rarely justified.  Chinch bugs normally
prefer thin stands of wheat that has only limited yield potential.  However,
controls may be justified if chinch bug damage (areas of dead and wilted
plants in early spring) is evident and chinch bugs are numerous (50 or more
per linear foot of row).

Spot treatment of wheat is usually all that is required for control of
grasshoppers in Florida.  Chemical control is usually recommended if head
damage or clipping is common AND if grasshoppers are numerous.

Stinkbug control is usually recommended only during the period of early to
mid-grain development.  Chemical control in wheat before heading or when the
grain is mature is not advised.  During the grain fill period, chemical
control may be justified if there are one or more stinkbugs per two linear
feet of row.
\b\v
\h 1 'Description of Major Insect Pests'
\h 2 'Aphids and Greenbugs'
\v
\v
\v
                       Description of Major Insect Pests


Aphids and Greenbugs:

Aphids, including the corn leaf aphid, the English grain aphid, and greenbugs
feed by sucking plant juices from leaves, stems, and wheat heads.  Greenbugs
pose more of a threat to wheat because while feeding, they inject toxic juices
which cause the plant to discolor and, in severe cases, the death of the
plant.  A greenbug has a pale green body with a dark green stripe down the
center.  Aphids vary from pale green to nearly black, depending on the
species.  Aphids and greenbugs are small insects (1/8 of an inch or less in
length) and are capable of reproducing rapidly.  As a result, they may build
up quickly in the spring when the plants begin to joint.  In most situations,
predators such as lady beetles, syrphid fly maggots and others keep the aphid
population in check.  Generally, aphids and greenbugs are not able to reduce
yields after wheat has reached the soft dough stage.
\h 2 'Armyworms'



Armyworms:

True armyworms tend to be more common in wheat that has rank growth due to
over seeding, excessive fertilization, wet growing conditions or a combination
of these factors.  Female armyworm moths lay their eggs in masses of up to 300
on lower leaves.  Armyworms feed on leaves and are capable of stripping the
plant.  Large worms may also feed on stems causing the seed heads to fall to
the ground.  Armyworms are nearly 1 1/2 inches long when fully grown and are
greenish-brown with two orange to cream-colored stripes on both sides of their
bodies.  They feed for approximately three weeks before entering the soil
where they change into the pupal stage.  In addition to the true armyworm, the
fall armyworm will occasionally cause damage to wheat.  The damage of the fall
armyworm is similar to that described for the true armyworm.
\h 2 'Chinch Bugs'



Chinch Bugs:

Chinch bugs occasionally cause yield losses in wheat.  They are common in dry
years and prefer thin stands of wheat.  Generally, the newer varieties that
are adapted to Florida conditions produce thick stands of plants that are
unfavorable for chinch bug development.  As a consequence, the chinch bug is a
less severe problem on wheat than it was several years ago.  The adult chinch
bug is 1/5 inch long with a black body.  It has white wing covers, each with a
black triangle at the middle of its outer margin.  Newly hatched chinch bugs
are reddish with a white band across their backs.  As the nymphs mature, their
reddish color becomes darker.  Chinch bug feeding causes wheat fields to have
areas of dead and dying plants early in the spring.  Generally these areas are
limited to those spots where plant growth is poorest.
\b\v
\h 2 'Grasshoppers'
\v
\v
\v
Grasshoppers:

Grasshoppers feed on a wide variety of plants.  Generally, they begin feeding
in fence rows, ditch banks, and roadsides around wheat fields.  As they
outstrip their food supply in these areas or as the wheat becomes more
attractive as a food source, grasshoppers may move into grain fields.  Usually
the damage is confined to field borders, however, occasionally grasshoppers
may infest entire fields.  Grasshoppers damage wheat by stripping leaves,
feeding on developing grain, and cutting off seed heads.
\h 2 'Hessian Flies'



Hessian Flies:

Before the use of resistant varieties and later planting dates, the Hessian
fly was capable of causing serious yield losses in wheat.  Fall infestations
of the Hessian fly cause stand reductions, and spring feeding causes lodging.
The Hessian fly passes winter as a full-grown maggot in a brown puparium which
is commonly called flaxseed.  These flaxseed are located between the leaf
sheaths and stems.  The adults emerge in the spring about the time the plants
begin to grow actively.  The adults are small (1/8 inch long), two-winged
black flies that resemble mosquitoes.  The female Hessian fly lays its
reddish-colored eggs in the grooves on the upper leaf surface.  The eggs hatch
in about seven days and the maggots feed behind the leaf sheath.  Infested
stems usually break over when the heads begin to fill.  Late planting has been
shown to be the best management practice for the control of the Hession fly in
Florida.  Distribution of crop residues by deep plowing as soon as possible
after harvest is useful in reducing future populations.  Chemical control is
seldom practical.
\h 2 'Stinkbugs'



Stinkbugs:

At least two species of stinkbugs are capable of causing yield losses to wheat
in Florida.  The rice stinkbug is a tan to straw-colored bug that is
approximately 3/8 inch long.  It has distinct points on its "shoulders" that
are directed nearly straight forward.  The southern green stinkbug can be very
common in wheat in early sporing.  They have a wide host range including many
wild plants and cultivated crops.  They are approximately 1/2 inch long and
have the characteristic shield shape of stinkbugs.  Both the rice stinkbug and
the southern green stinkbug feed on the developing wheat kernals leaving an
empty seed coat.  Although stinkbugs may be found in wheat fields before
heading, they apparently do very little damage to the plant.
\b\v
\h 1 'Control of Specific Insect Pests'
\h 2 'Alfalfa Caterpillars'
\v
\v
\v
                        Control of Specific Insect Pests


Alfalfa Caterpillars:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See individual labels.
  (Bactospeine, Bactur, Dipel,
  Sok, Stan-Guard, Thuricide)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Aphids'



Aphids:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
demeton (Systox 2,              2 EC           1/2 - 1 pt        45 - grain;
  Systox 6)                     6 EC           1/6 - 1/3 pt      do not graze

dimethoate (Cygon 400)          4 EC           1/2 - 3/4 pt      60 - grain
                                                                 14 - grazing

disulfoton (Di-Syston)**        15 G           6.7 lb (fall      75 - graze,
                                               application       forage;
                                8 EC           1/4 - 3/4 pt      30 - grain

ethyl parathion-methyl          6-3 EC         1/3 pt                 15
  parathion

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           1 - 1 1/2 pt           7
  (English grain aphid)

methomyl (Lannate L,            1.8 L          1 - 2 pt          7 - grain
  Lannate LV)                   2.4 L          3/4 - 1 1/2 pt    10 - grazing

methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 1 1/2 pt         15

parathion                       4 EC           1/2 - 1 pt             15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
**Caution - DO NOT GRAZE any field after any application of liquid disulfoton
(Di-Syston).  Use only if wheat is to be cut for grain.
\b\v
\h 2 'Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 - 1 7/8 lb  0 - forage
                                                                 21 - grain

ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/3 pt                 15
  parathion

malathion                       5 EC           2 pt                   7

methomyl (Lannate L, Nudrin,    1.8 L          1 - 2 pt          7 - grain
  Lannate LV)                   2.4 L          3/4 - 1 1/2 pt    10 - graze

methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 1 1/2 pt         15

parathion                       4 EC           1/2 pt                 15

trichlorfon (Dylox,             5 B            20 lb                  21
  Proxol)                       80 SP          10 - 20 oz             21
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Beet Webworms'



Beet Webworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
trichlorfon (Dylox)             80 SP          10 - 20 oz             21
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Black Grass Bugs'



Black Grass Bugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parathion                       4 EC           1 - 1 1/2 pt           15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Cereal Leaf Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
Cereal Leaf Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
azinphosmethyl (Guthion)        2 L, 2 S       1 1/2 - 2 pt           30

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - forage
                                                                 21 - grain

carbofuran (Furadan)*           4 F            1/2 pt            Do not feed to
                                                                 livestock.

endosulfan (Thiodan)            2 EC           1 - 2 pt          Do not apply
                                                                 after heads
                                                                 form; do not
                                                                 feed to
                                                                 livestock.

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           1 - 1 1 /2 pt          7

methomyl (Lannate L,            1.8 L          1 - 2 pt          7 - grain
  Lannate LV)                   2.4 L          3/4 - 1 1/2 pt    10 - graze
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Chinch Bugs and False Chinch Bugs'



Chinch Bugs and False Chinch Bugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1 pt                   15
  parathion

methyl parathion                4 EC           1 1/2 pt               15

parathion                       4 EC           1 1/2 pt               15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Cutworms'
\v
\v
\v
Cutworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
endosulfan (Thiodan)            3 EC           1 1/3 pt          Do not apply
  (army type)                                                    after heads
                                                                 form; do not
                                                                 feed forage
                                                                 to livestock.

ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/2 - 3/4 pt           15
  parathion (climbing cutworms)

carbaryl (Sevin)                5 B            30 lb             0 - forage
                                                                 21 - grain

methyl parathion                4 EC           3/4 - 1 pt             15
  (climbing cutworms)

parathion                       4 EC           1 pt                   15
  (climbing cutworms)

trichlorfon (Dylox, Proxol)     5 B            20 lb             21 - do not
  (surface feeding cutworms)                                     graze
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Diamondback Moths'



Diamondback Moths:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
trichlorfon (Dylox, Proxol)     80 SP          20 oz                 21
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'European Skippers'



European Skippers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See individual labels
  (Bactospeine, Bactur, Dipel,
  Sok, Stan-Guard, Thuricide)
  (Essex Skipper)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
Fall Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 - 1 7/8 lb  0 - forage
                                                                 21 - grain

ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/3 pt                 15
  parathion

methyl parathion                4 EC           1 1/2 pt               15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Grasshoppers'



Grasshoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*           4 F            1/4 - 1/2 pt      Do not feed
                                                                 treated
                                                                 foliage

dimethoate (Cygon 400)          4 EC           3/4 pt            14 - grazing
                                                                 60 - grain

disulfoton (Di-Syston)**        15 G           6.7 lb            75 - graze,
                                                                 forage;
                                                                 30 - grain

ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/2 pt                 15
  parathion

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           1 - 1 1/2 pt           7

methyl parathion                4 EC           3/4 - 1 pt             15

parathion                       4 EC           1 pt                   15

phorate (Thimet)                20 G           1.6 oz/1000       at planting
                                               ft row            do not graze
                                                                 45 days
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
** Caution - DO NOT GRAZE any field after any application of liquid disulfoton
(Di-Syston).  Use only if wheat is to be used for grain.
\b\v
\h 2 'Greenbugs'
\v
\v
\v
Greenbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           2/3 - 1 7/8 pt    0 - forage
                                                                 21 - grain

dimethoate (Cygon 400)          4 EC           1/2 - 3/4 pt      14 - grazing
                                                                 60 - grain

disulfoton (Di-Syston)**        15 G           6.7 lb (fall      75 - graze,
                                               application)      forage
                                8 EC           1/4 - 3/4 pt      30 - grain

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           1 - 1 1/2 pt           7

methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 1 1/2 pt         15

parathion                       4 EC           1/2 pt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** Caution - DO NOT GRAZE any field after any application of liquid disulfoton
(Di-Syston).  Use only if wheat is to be used for grain.
\h 2 'Hessian Flies'



Hessian Flies:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disulfoton (Di-Syston)**        15 G           6.7 lb            75 - graze,
                                                                 forage;
                                                                 30 - grain
                                8 EC           1 pt              at planting -
                                                                 used for
                                                                 aphid control
                                                                 in the spring
                                                                 at the labeled
                                                                 rate may help
                                                                 in reducing
                                                                 infestation of
                                                                 Hessian fly

phorate (Thimet)                20 G           1.2 oz/1000       at planting -
                                               ft row            do not graze
                                                                 within 45 days
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** Caution - DO NOT GRAZE any field after any application of liquid disulfoton
(Di-Syston).  Use only if wheat is to be used for grain.
\b\v
\h 2 'Leafhoppers'
\v
\v
\v
Leafhoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 1 pt             15

parathion                       4 EC           1 pt                   15

ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/2 - 3/4 pt           15
  parathion
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Loopers'



Loopers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See individual labels
  (Bactospeine, Bactur, Dipel,
  Sok, Stan-Guard, Thuricide)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Mites'



Mites:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dimethoate (Cygon)              4 EC           1/3 - 1/2 pt      14 - grazing
  (brown wheat mite)                                             60 - grain

disulfoton (Di-Syston)**        15 G           6.7 lb            75 - graze,
                                                                 forage;
                                                                 30 - grain

ethyl parathion - methyl
  parathion (brown wheat mite)  6-3 EC         1/2 pt                 15
  (winter grain mite)           6-3 EC         1/3 pt                 15

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           2 pt                   7
  (winter grain mite)

methyl parathion (black mite)   4 EC           1/2 - 1 1/2 pt         15
  (winter grain mite)           4 EC           1/2 - 1 pt             15
  (brown wheat mite)            7.5 EC         1/8 - 1/2 pt           15

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pMites - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Days to
\pInsecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
demeton (Systox)                2 EC           1 pt                   45
                                6 EC           1/3 pt

parathion (banks grass mite)    4 EC           1 1/2 pt               15
  (white spider mite)           4 EC           1 pt                   15
  (winter grain mite)           4 EC           1/2 pt                 15
  (brown wheat mite)            4 EC           1 pt                   15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
** Caution - DO NOT GRAZE any field after any application of liquid disulfoton
(Di-Syston).  Use only if wheat is to be used for grain.
\h 2 'Stinkbugs'



Stinkbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 1 1/2 pt         15

parathion                       4 EC           1 - 1 1/2 pt           15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Thrips'



Thrips:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ethyl parathion - methyl        6-3 EC         1/3 pt                 15
  parathion

methyl parathion                4 EC           1/2 - 2/3 pt           15
  (barley thrips)

parathion                       4 EC           1/2 - 3/4 pt           15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Wireworms (Seed Corn Maggots)'



Wireworms (Seed Corn Maggots):

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lindane (Lindane 30 C flowable)                1.4 oz/100 lb seed
  (seed treatment)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
