\m    22    7    2    2  1 'Poultry Pests'
\m    23    7   24    2  2 'General Information'
\m    38   11   40    2  2 'Lice'
\m    54   15  106    2  2 'Mites'
\m    87   27  107    3  2 'Fowl Ticks'
\m   105   34   19    3  2 'House Fly'
\m   210   68  127    6  1 'Insecticide Recommendations'
\m   211   69   35    6  2 'Chicken Red Mites'
\m   289  104  110    7  2 'Fowl Ticks'
\m   324  121    4    8  2 'Lice'
\m   429  169    8   10  2 'Northern Fowl Mites'
\m   529  214   22   12  2 'Sticktights'
\m   554  225    8   12  2 'House Fly (baits and adulticides)'
\m   613  252   52   13  2 'House Fly (larvicides)'
\t'November 1987'                                                    'VII-'
\a                    Dr. Phil Koehler, Extension Entomologist
\a
\a                                 POULTRY PESTS

                    Dr. Phil Koehler, Extension Entomologist

\h 1 'Poultry Pests'
\h 2 'General Information'


                                 POULTRY PESTS


                              General Information

Lice and mites are the most important external parasites of poultry in
Florida.  Infested birds may lose weight, and egg production may drop 10 to 20
percent.  Birds and houses should be inspected frequently so infestations can
be controlled before they become severe.

Though not a parasite of poultry, the house fly is a major concern to
poultrymen, especially in caged operations.
\h 2 'Lice'


                                      Lice

Several kinds of lice attack poultry, the body louse is the most common.

Others that may be found include the shaft louse, the fluff louse, the wing
louse and the head louse.

All kinds of lice on poultry have chewing mouthparts.  They feed on the
feathers and scales of the skin and spend their entire life on the bird.

Injury is due to irritation or itching caused by the crawling lice and their
gnawing at the feathers and skin.  Birds become restless and do not feed or
digest their food properly.
\h 2 'Mites'


                                     Mites

Among the mites that attack poultry are the chicken mite (or roost mite), the
northern fowl mite, the scaly-leg mite, the depluming mite, and the tropical
fowl mite (or feather mite).  Infestations of certain mites are often first
noticed on the eggs.

The chicken mite is an intermittent feeder that lives in cracks about the
roosts, floors, walls, or ceiling of the houses in the daytime and crawls upon
the birds to feed at night or when they are on the nest.

The northern fowl mite usually stays on the bird all the time but on occasion
is found on eggs and in litter.  They congregate near the vent, tail, and neck
where they suck blood.

The tropical fowl mite (or feather mite), which is very similar to the
northern fowl mite, congregates about the vent where it may cause bloody scabs
to form.  In Florida it has been observed most commonly in caged houses.

\bThe depluming mites burrows into the skin at the base of the feathers and
causes severe irritation.  In trying to relieve the irritation, birds may pull
out feathers.

Scaly-leg mites burrow under the scales of the birds' feet and lower legs, and
this results in itching and irritation.  The scales are pushed up and scabs or
crusts form around them giving the legs a scaly or roughened appearance.

Mites reduce egg production, cause the birds to lose flesh and in heavy
infestations may kill newly hatched chicks.  Reduced vitality makes the birds
susceptible to disease.
\h 2 'Fowl Ticks'


                                   Fowl Ticks

The fowl tick, also called bluebug, injures poultry by sucking blood, causing
loss in weight, lowered egg production and blemishes which reduce market
value.  This pest gets on and off birds and hides in cracks and crevices when
not feeding.

The ticks are especially active at night and sometimes move in great numbers
from their hiding places to the birds.  After feeding, the ticks leave the
birds and return to their hiding places.

The fowl tick can live for extended periods of time without a blood meal.
Consequently, leaving a house vacant for a period of time is no assurance that
the ticks will be destroyed.  A well cleaned house and a thorough spray
application with a recommended material is better assurance.
\h 2 'House Fly'


                                   House Fly

General Information:

The poultry farm cannot be kept entirely free of house flies.  In caged
poultry operations where conditions for house fly development are ideal, it is
extremely difficult to prevent breeding.  However, by good management
practices and the proper use of the more effective insecticides, the flies can
be reduced to a level lower than is now found in many poultry operations.


Important Points to Consider in Fly Control:

Management of poultry waste is the most effective method of fly control.
Consult the Extension circular IPM 2, "Poultry Waste and Fly Management" for
details on waste management to minimize fly production.


\bChemical Control:

     Introduction

Insecticides should be considered the last resort after sanitation and
management methods have been tried.  House fly control with chemicals can be
divided into several groups: feed-through larvacides, residual sprays, space
sprays or fogs, baits, and larvicides.  Subsequent sections discuss these in
detail.


    Feed-Through Larvicide

An insect growth regulator known as Larvadex has been approved for use in
Florida.  It is mixed into the feed at the feed mill and is a highly effective
method of controlling house flies.  A few days after initiating birds on
treated feed, house fly pupae become so deformed that adult flies cannot
develop.  Populations of house flies then decline in 10 to 20 days.  Control
is maintained as long as Larvadex is fed to birds and the maggots fail to
develop into adult flies.


     Residual Sprays

Residual sprays are highly effective in controlling heavy populations of adult
flies.  These sprays should be applied to surfaces where flies rest such as
ceilings, trusses, wires supporting cages, electric light cords, and other
areas with fly specking.  Residual sprays should be applied with a power
sprayer and low pressure.  Avoid contamination of feed, water, and eggs while
applying residual sprays.


     Space Sprays or Fogs

Space spraying or fogging is the application of pesticides to air in fine
droplets to kill flies.  Several types of sprayers are available for space
spraying.  These include thermal foggers, cold foggers, ULV (Ultra Low Volume)
generators and automatic spray systems.

Space sprays or fogs must be applied when flies are in the poultry house since
there is no residual effect.   Space sprays should be applied in the evening
or early morning when the air is calm and the flies are in the poultry house.
Careful application can provide rapid knockdown of adult flies.

If the waste is breeding large numbers of adult flies, no reduction of adult
populations may be noticed for several days.  A program dependent on space
sprays requires daily application until the problem is under control and then
2 to 3 applications per week for maintenance.

Automatic in-house spray systems are available commercially from several
companies.  Essentially there are three types:

     1.  freon propelled sprayers
     2.  air pressurized sprayers with insecticide reservoirs at nozzles
     3.  liquid pressurized sprayers with insecticide forced to nozzles under
         pressure
\v
\v
\b     Baits

Dry baits should be applied twice weekly from late spring to fall.  Bait
applications attract and kill adult flies which are around the poultry house.
Baits consist of an insecticide formulated on sugar, fly attractants or
materials with pheromones added.

Baits will not effectively reduce large fly outbreaks but will eliminate a few
flies which would otherwise be a nuisance.  Baits should be scattered on
walkways, at the ends of buildings and under feed bins where adult flies
congregate.  Locations for bait placement should be dry to prolong the bait's
effectiveness.


     Larvicides

Larvicides are pesticides which are applied to waste to kill house fly
maggots.  The manure sprays also kill adult flies that contact recently
sprayed waste.

Only waste which is breeding flies should be sprayed with larvicides.  Routine
applications of larvicides to the entire manure pad is not recommended since
beneficial insects are killed and moisture is added to the waste.  Larvicides
are best applied as spot treatments to kill larvae in wet spots.  Spot
treatment saves money and is effective in a total management program.
\b\v
\h 1 'Insecticide Recommendations'
\h 2 'Chicken Red Mites'
\v
\v
                          INSECTICIDE RECOMMENDATIONS


                                Chicken Red Mite

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
malathion       0                 spray            Mix 2 tbsp. of 57% EC or
                                                   2.5 oz. of 25% WP in 1 gal
                                                   water per 100-150 birds.
                                                   Treat birds directly. Use
                                                   as a supplement to premise
                                                   treatment.  Repeat as
                                                   necessary.

                                  4% dust          Dust individual birds with
                                  5% dust          shaker duster or apply to
                                                   premise.

                                  spray            Premise treatment. Mix 4
                                                   tbsp of 57% EC or 5 oz. of
                                                   25% WP in 1 gal of water.
                                                   Apply liberally to cracks,
                                                   crevices and roost areas.

                                  roost paint      Mix 1-2 fl oz. of 57% in
                                  EC               1 gal of water. Brush solu-
                                                   tion on surfaces at 1 pt.
                                                   to 150 ft.

stirofos        0                 .5% spray        Mix 2 lb. of 50% WP in 25
 (Rabon)                                           gal of water. Apply 1 gal
                                                   per 300 birds. Spray vent
                                                   with high pressure.

                                                   Mix .5 gal of 24% EC in 25
                                                   gal of water. Apply 1 gal
                                                   per 300 birds. Spray vent
                                                   with high pressure.

                                  3% dust          Apply 1 lb. per 300 birds.

                                  50% dust         Premise dusting. Apply 2.5
                                                   oz. per 100 sq. ft. of floor
                                                   area. Box dusting - apply
                                                   2.5 oz. per 50 birds.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat stirofos application within 14 days.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pChicken Red Mite - cont'd
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pInsecticide   Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
stirofos        0                 1% + .25%        Roost paint - Mix well 1 gal
+ dichlorvos                      roost paint      of 23% + 5.7% EC in 25 gal
  (Rabon +                                         of water. Brush crevices and
   Vapona)                                         cracks with solution using
                                                   1 pt. per 100 ft.

                                  .5% + .1%        Mix 1 gal of 23% + 5.7% EC
                                  spray            in 50 gal. of water. Apply
                                                   as high pressure mist to
                                                   vent and fluff area.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat more often than once every 14 days.

                                  .5% + .1%        Premise treatment - mix 1
                                  spray            gal of 23% EC + 5.7 EC in
                                                   50 gal of water. Apply 1-2
                                                   gal. per 1000 sq. ft. to
                                                   litter surface.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Fowl Ticks'


                                   Fowl Tick

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl        7 (slaughter)     spray            Premise spray - mix 1 lb 50
  (Sevin)       0 (laying)                         WP in 3 gal water for 3000
                                                   sq ft. Mix 1 lb of 80WP in
                                                   5 gal water for 5000 sq ft.

malathion      0                  spray            Premise treatment. Mix 6-7
                                                   fl oz of 57% EC in 1 gal of
                                                   water. Apply to walks,
                                                   ceilings, and adjacent
                                                   areas. Force spray into
                                                   cracks and crevices.

stirofos        0                 1% spray         Premise treatment - mix 1
  (Rabon)                                          gal of 24% EC or 4 lb of
                                                   50% WP in 25 gal of water.
                                                   Spray walls, ceilings,
                                                   cracks and crevices
                                                   thoroughly.

stirofos        0                 1% + .25%        Mix 1 gal of 23% + 5.7% +
dichlorvos                        spray            spray EC in 25 gal of water
  (Rabon +                                         Spray walls, ceilings,
  Vapona)                                          cracks and crevices
                                                   thoroughly.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Lice'
\v
\v
\v
                                      Lice

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl        7 (slaughter)     5% dust          Apply 1 lb. per 100 birds.
  (Sevin)       0 (laying)                         Premise dusting - apply
                                                   1 lb. per 40 sq. ft.
                                                   Box dusting - apply 2.5 lb.
                                                   per box per 50 birds.

                                  spray            Direct spray - mix 6 oz. of
                                                   50% WP in 5 gal. of water
                                                   per 500 birds.  Direct spray
                                                   - mix 4 oz. of 80% WP in 5
                                                   gal. of water per 500 birds.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not use more often than once every 4 weeks.

malathion       0                 4% dust          Premise treatment - apply
                                  5% dust          to litter at rate of 1 lb.
                                                   per 50-60 sq. ft. Apply
                                                   with rotary duster, puff
                                                   duster or by sprinkling can.
                                                   Dust bath box 1 lb. per box
                                                   for every 30 birds.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Remove box when dust has been used.

                                  spray            Premise treatment - mix 4
                                                   tbsp. of 57% or 5 oz. of
                                                   25% WP per gal. of water.
                                                   Force spray into cracks and
                                                   crevices.

                0                 spray            Mix 2 tbsp. of 57% EC in 1
                                                   gal. of water per 100-150
                                                   birds. Spray birds directly.

                0                 spray            Mix 2.5 oz. of 25% WP in 1
                                                   gal. of water per 100-150
                                                   birds. Spray birds directly.

                                  4% dust          Direct application. Dust
                                  5% dust          birds individually with
                                                   shaker can.

                                  tail dip         Mix 8.5 fl. oz. of 57% EC in
                                                   15 gal. of water per 400
                                                   birds. Hold birds by wings
                                                   and dip 3-4 inches of tail
                                                   in solution.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pLice - cont'd
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pInsecticide   Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
stirofos        0                 .5% spray        Mix 2 lb. of 50% WP in 25
  (Rabon)                                          gal. of water. Apply 1 gal.
                                                   per 300 birds. Spray vent
                                                   with high pressure.

                                                   Mix .5 gal. of 24% EC in
                                                   25 gal. of water. Apply
                                                   1 gal. per 300 birds. Spray
                                                   vent with high pressure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat within 14 days.

                0                 1% spray         Premise treatment - mix 1
                                                   gal. of 24% EC or 4 lb. of
                                                   50% WP in 25 gal. of water.
                                                   Spray walls, ceilings,
                                                   cracks and crevices
                                                   thoroughly.

                                  3% dust          Apply 1 lb. per 300 birds or
                                                   1 lb. per 100 sq. ft. of
                                                   floor area.

                                  50% dust         Premise dusting - apply 2.5
                                                   oz. per 100 sq. ft. of
                                                   litter. Box dusting - Apply
                                                   2.5 oz. per 50 birds.

stirofos        0                 .5% + .1%        Mix 1 gal. of 23% + 5.7%
+ dichlorvos                      spray            EC in 50 gal. of water.
  (Rabon                                           Apply as high pressure
  + Vapona)                                        mist to vent and fluff area.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat more often than once every 14 days.

                                                   Premise treatment - mix 1
                                                   gal. of 23% + 5.7% EC in 50
                                                   gal. of water. Apply 1-2
                                                   gal. per 1000 sq. ft. to
                                                   litter surface.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Northern Fowl Mites'
\v
\v
\v
                               Northern Fowl Mite

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl        7 (slaughter)     5% dust          Apply 1 lb. per 100 birds.
 (Sevin)        0 (laying)                         Premise dusting - apply
                                                   1 lb. per 40 sq. ft.
                                                   Box dusting - apply 2.5
                                                   lb. per box per 50 birds.

     SAFETY RESTRICTION:  Do not use more often than once every 14 days.

                                  spray            Direct spray - mix 6 oz.
                                                   50% WP in 5 gal. water per
                                                   500 birds.  Direct spray -
                                                   mix 4 oz. of 80% WP in 5
                                                   gal. per 500 birds.

malathion       0                 4% dust          Pre-mist treatment - apply
                                  5% dust          to litter at rate of 1 lb.
                                                   per 50-60 sq. ft. Apply
                                                   with rotary duster, puff
                                                   duster or by sprinkling
                                                   can, or dust bath box 1 lb.
                                                   for every 30 birds.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Remove box when dust has been used.

                0                 spray            Premise treatment - mix 4
                                                   tbsp of 57% EC or 5 oz. of
                                                   25% WP per gal. of water.
                                                   Force spray into cracks or
                                                   crevices.

                                                   Mix 2.5 oz. of 25% WP in 1
                                                   gal. of water per 100-150
                                                   birds. Spray birds directly.

                                  4% dust          Direct application.
                                  5% dust          Dust birds individually with
                                                   shaker can.

                                  tail dip         Mix 8.5 fl. oz. of 57% EC
                                                   in 15 gal. of water per 400
                                                   birds. Hold birds by wings
                                                   and dip 3-4 inches of tail
                                                   in solution.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pNorthern Fowl Mite - cont'd
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pInsecticide   Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
permethrin      0                 spray            Mix according to label
 (Ectiban,                                         directions.  Apply 1
  Permectrin,                                      gal. of dilute spray per
  Overtime,                                        100 birds.
  Insectrin)

stirofos        0                 .5% spray        Mix 2 lb. of 50% WP in 25
  (Rabon)                                          gal. of water. Apply 1 gal.
                                                   per 300 birds. Spray vent
                                                   with high pressure.

                                                   Mix .5 gal. of 24% EC in 25
                                                   gal. of water. Apply 1 gal.
                                                   per 300 birds. Spray vent
                                                   with high pressure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat within 14 days.

                0                 3% dust          Apply 1 lb. per 300 birds or
                                                   1 lb. per 100 sq. ft. of
                                                   floor area.

                                  50% dust         Premise dusting - apply 2.5
                                                   oz. per 100 sq. ft. of
                                                   litter. Box dusting - apply
                                                   2.5 oz. per 50 birds.

stirofos        0                 .5% + .1%        Mix 1 gal. of 23% + 5.7%
+ dichlorvos                      spray            EC in 50 gal. of water.
  (Rabon +                                         Apply as high pressure
  Vapona)                                          mist to vent and fluff area.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Do not repeat more often than every 14 days.

                                                   Premise treatment - mix 1
                                                   gal. of 23% + 5.7% EC in 50
                                                   gal. of water. Apply 1-2
                                                   gal. per 1000 sq. ft. to
                                                   litter surface.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Sticktights'
\v
\v
\v
                                   Sticktight

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
malathion       0                 4% dust          Box dusting - 15 lb. of 4%
                                                   dust per box per 100
                                  5% dust          birds. 12 lb. of 5% dust
                                                   per box per 100 birds.

                                                   Premise dusting in brooder
                                                   house - 2 lb. of 4% dust
                                                   per 100 chicks. 1.5 lb. of
                                                   5% dust per 100 chicks.

                                                   Range pen dusting - 1 lb.
                                                   of 4% dust per 20 sq.
                                                   ft. or .75 lb. of 5% dust
                                                   per 20 sq. ft.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'House Fly (baits and adulticides)'


                       House Fly (baits and adulticides)

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dichlorvos      0                 .5% bait         Ready to use. Apply 1/4 lb.
  (Vapona)                                         of bait per 1000 sq. ft.
                                                   where flies congregate.

                                  0.5 - 1.0%       Mix 1 gal. of 23% EC in
                                  mist or fog      25-50 gal. of water or
                                                   28-56 gal. of oil. Apply at
                                                   rate of 1 qt. of .5% mist
                                                   per 8000 cu. ft. or 1 pt.
                                                   of 1.0% mist per 8000 sq ft

dimethoate      0                 1% spray         Mix 2 qt. of 23.4% EC in
                                                   12.5 gal. of water. Apply 1
                                                   gal. to 500-1000 sq. ft.

naled           0                 1% mist or fog   Ready to use. Apply accord-
  (Dibrom)                                         ing to label directions.

fenthion        0                 spray            Mix 5/6 oz. of 93% EC per
  (Baytex)                                         gal. of water or 4 oz. of
                                                   45% EC per gal. of water.
                                                   Apply 2 gal. spray per 1000
                                                   sq. ft. as a coarse spray.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pHouse Fly (baits and adulticides) - cont'd
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pInsecticide   Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
permethrin      0                 spray            Mix according to label
(Ectiban,                                          directions. Apply 1 gal.
  Overtime LP,                                     per 750 sq. ft. of surface.
  Permectrin,
  Insectrin)                      mist             Mix according to label
                                                   directions at rate of 4 oz.
                                                   per 1000 sq. ft. of surface.

synergized      0                 mist or fog      Apply according to
pyrethrins                                         directions.

commercial      0                 scatterbaits     Apply according to label
fly baits                                          directions. Check label to
                                                   insure registration for
 (Synerid)                        liquid bait      poultry farm use.

stirofos        0                 spray            Mix 1 - 2 gal. 28.3% EC in
+ dichlorvos                                       25 gal. of water. Apply 1-2
  (Rabon +                                         gal. per 1000 sq. ft.
  Vapona)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'House Fly (larvicides)'



                             House Fly (larvicides)

Min days refers to minimum days from last application to laying or slaughter.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Insecticide     Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dichlorvos      0                 .5% spray        Mix 1 gal. of 23.4 % EC in
  (Vapona)                                         50 gal. of water. Apply 1-2
                                                   qt per 100 sq ft of manure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Apply as a coarse spray to droppings or manure
     piles on a prevention schedule. Repeat as manure is added. Use on
     droppings where poultry cannot contact the material. Do not spray directly
     on poultry or feed and water. Repeat as necessary. Reduce costs by spot
     treatment of trouble spots.

dimethoate      0                 spray            Mix 1 qt. of 23.4% EC in 5
  (Cygon)                                          gal of water. Spray poultry
                                                   manure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Apply as coarse spray to droppings or manure piles
     on a prevention schedule.  Repeat as manure is added. Use on droppings
     where poultry cannot contact the material. Do not spray directly on
     poultry or feed and water.  Repeat as necessary. Reduce costs by spot
     treatment of trouble spots.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pHouse Fly (larvicides) - cont'd
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
\pInsecticide   Min Days          Formulation      Application Directions
\p-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
cyromazine      0                 1% premix        Apply at rate of 1 lb. per
 (Larvadex)                                        ton of feed. Feed for four
                                                   weeks to reduce fly problems.
                                                   Then alternate feeding for 2
                                                   weeks and not feeding
                                                   cyromazine for 2 weeks.

stirofos        0                 1% spray         Mix 4 lb. of 50% WP in 25
 (Rabon)                                           gal. of water. Apply 1 gal.
                                                   per 100 sq. ft. of manure;
                                                   Mix 1 gal. of 24% EC in 25
                                                   gal. of water. Apply 1 gal.
                                                   to every 100 sq. ft. of
                                                   manure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Apply as coarse spray to droppings or manure piles
     on a prevention schedule. Repeat as manure is added. Use on droppings
     where poultry cannot contact the material. Do not spray directly on
     poultry or feed and water. Repeat as necessary. Reduce costs by spot
     treatment of trouble spots.

stirofos        0                 1% spray         Mix 1 gal. of 23% + 5.7% EC
+ dichlorvos                                       in 25 gal. of water. Apply
  (Rabon +                                         1 gal. to every 100 sq. ft.
  Vapona)                                          of manure.

     SAFETY RESTRICTIONS:  Apply as coarse spray to droppings or manure piles
     on a prevention schedule. Repeat as manure is added. Use on droppings
     where poultry cannot contact the material. Do not spray directly on
     poultry or feed and water. Repeat as necessary. Reduce costs by spot
     treatment of trouble spots.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
