\m    71   25   68    3  1 'General Information'
\m    89   31  114    3  1 'Field Inspection Guidelines'
\m   108   39  103    3  1 'IPM Scouting Techniques'
\m   139   52  106    4  1 'Treatment Thresholds'
\m   186   68   91    5  1 'Insecticide Usage on Peanuts'
\m   210   79   79    5  1 'Description of Insect Pests'
\m   211   79  115    5  2 'Aphids'
\m   222   82   11    5  2 'Corn Earworms'
\m   235   86   10    5  2 'Cutworms'
\m   250   90   90    6  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   264   95   47    6  2 'Leafhoppers'
\m   274   97  117    6  2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'
\m   296  107   31    6  2 'Rednecked Peanut Worms'
\m   307  110    2    7  2 'Southern Corn Rootworms'
\m   323  115   54    7  2 'Spider Mites'
\m   337  119   70    7  2 'Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers'
\m   351  124  104    7  2 'Thrips'
\m   364  128   48    8  2 'Velvetbean Caterpillars'
\m   377  132   73    8  2 'White Grubs'
\m   387  134  112    8  2 'Whitefringed Beetles'
\m   405  140   61    9  1 'Control of Specific Insect Pests'
\m   406  140  102    9  2 'Alfalfa Caterpillars'
\m   434  151   16    9  2 'Alfalfa Weevils'
\m   447  155   38    9  2 'Ants'
\m   462  159   40   10  2 'Aphids'
\m   478  166  106   10  2 'Armyworms'
\m   511  177   93   11  2 'Bean Leaf Beetles'
\m   524  183   77   11  2 'Beet Armyworms'
\m   544  191   37   11  2 'Blister Beetles'
\m   565  197  112   12  2 'Burrowing Stinkbugs'
\m   575  202   72   12  2 'Cabbage Loopers'
\m   587  206   71   12  2 'Clover Leaf Weevils'
\m   602  210  103   13  2 'Corn Earworms'
\m   630  223   39   13  2 'Cowpea Curculios'
\m   642  227   51   13  2 'Cucumber Beetles'
\m   662  233   88   14  2 'Cutworms'
\m   697  248   77   14  2 'Darkling Beetles'
\m   712  252  103   15  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   740  264   38   15  2 'Field Crickets'
\m   752  268   46   15  2 'Flea Beetles'
\m   767  272   64   16  2 'Grasshoppers'
\m   792  283   26   16  2 'Green Cloverworms'
\m   817  291   70   17  2 'Leafhoppers'
\m   872  315   85   18  2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'
\m   928  339   31   19  2 'Loopers'
\m   950  347   79   19  2 'Mexican Bean Beetles'
\m   969  354   28   20  2 'Mites'
\m   997  365   52   20  2 'Pea Weevils'
\m  1009  369   54   20  2 'Podworms'
\m  1023  373   75   21  2 'Rednecked Peanutworms'
\m  1043  380  104   21  2 'Southern Corn Rootworms'
\m  1102  407   65   22  2 'Sowbugs'
\m  1114  411   59   22  2 'Soybean Caterpillars'
\m  1127  415   85   23  2 'Spittlebugs'
\m  1139  419   93   23  2 'Stinkbugs'
\m  1156  425   98   23  2 'Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers'
\m  1173  431  120   24  2 'Thrips'
\m  1240  461   92   25  2 'Velvetbean Caterpillars'
\m  1282  478   96   26  2 'Webworms'
\m  1301  485   44   26  2 'White Grubs'
\m  1314  489   60   27  2 'White-Fringed Beetles'
\m  1327  493   99   27  2 'Wireworms'
\t 'November 1987'                                                'IV D-'
\a                 Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
\a                           W.B. Tappan, Entomologist
\a
\a                           INSECT CONTROL IN PEANUTS

                 Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
                           W.B. Tappan, Entomologist
\h 1 'General Information'

                           INSECT CONTROL IN PEANUTS


                              General Information

Peanuts are attacked by many different insects, and because of varying
factors such as weather and cultural practices, insect problems can vary
during the growing season and from one season to the next.  It is very
IMPORTANT for each grower to check his fields and apply insect control only
when insects are observed damaging the peanuts.

Because insect populations are variable, it is important from an economic
standpoint to know what insects might be encountered during peanut production.
Along with recognition of the insects, proper control measures are also
important.  The following sections provide brief discussion of peanut insects
and their control.
\h 1 'Field Inspection Guidelines'



                          Field Inspection Guidelines

Each individual peanut field should be inspected at least once per week.
An inspection should consist of thoroughly checking the vines from the bud to
the root system, including both upper and lower leaf surfaces.

In order to get an idea of pests in the field, the grower should strive
to check 3 feet of row in 10 different places within the field; this will be a
total of 30 feet of plant row.  NO MORE than 2 of the 3 feet inspection sites
should be on the borders of the field.  The grower should randomly select the
10 sites and should enter the field at a different spot each week in beginning
the inspection.  Should the field be larger than normal in size, then the
grower should check more row footage in order to reach a better decision on
insect populations.  Care should be taken not to pick out certain bad spots or
poor plants as an inspection site.  REMEMBER TO RANDOMLY SELECT SITES.
\h 1 'IPM Scouting Techniques'



                            IPM Scouting Techniques

Peanut fields require careful, regular checking in order to make pest
control decisions.  Experience has shown that 40-60% of the peanuts will
probably not need any insecticide treatments.  To check foliage insects early
in the season a 36" x 40" shake or beat cloth can be used.  The cloth is
hemmed on the 36" sides so that a dowel may be inserted to hold the cloth open.

To check for foliage insects, place the shake cloth on the ground with
the 36" side running with the rows.  Vigorously shake the foliage on each side
of the row being careful to shake each plant in the sample area.  Push the
foliage back and quickly identify and count all caterpillars.  Record the
count.

\bTo check for soil insects, look at five plants within the immediate
sample site area.  Use a hand trowel to loosen the soil underneath the pegs
and peanuts.  Then carefully roll back the foliage so that pegs and pods are
clear of the ground and can be examined.  Proceed to the next sample site.

Late in the growing season peanuts overlap and become too viney to use a
shake cloth.  When this occurs the insects must be shaken onto the ground.
Your forearm can be used to shake the foliage and measure the 36" sample area.
The forearm (from elbow to fingertips) is approximately 18" long so shake the
foliage about twice this length and this will be approximately a 36" sample.
LOOK CAREFULLY when checking for insects on the ground.  Many caterpillars are
small or are close to the same color as the ground; some will drop or be
shaken off next to the main stem.
\h 1 'Treatment Thresholds'



                              Treatment Thresholds

Research has defined approximately the damage a peanut plant can withstand
without a yield loss.  The point at which treatment is necessary is called the
economic threshold.  Economic thresholds vary according to the insect pest and
the growth of the crop.  To determine if treatment is necessary, compare the
average/row-foot figures with those thresholds listed below.  If figures are
less, then treatment is probably not required.

CAUTION:  Economic thresholds are not absolute figures but are designed to be
          general guidelines.  If dry weather causes reduced foliage growth
          then the economic threshold for foliage feeders should be adjusted
          down.  If an exceptionally wet year causes the plants to have a lush
          growth then the economic threshold should be adjusted upward.

FOLIAGE FEEDERS:

    Fall Armyworms, Corn Earworm, Velvetbean Caterpillar, Beet Armyworm or
    Other Worms:

    Early Season - 3-4/row-foot before the plants meet in the middle.
                   4-5/row-foot after the plants meet in the middle.

    Late Season -  5-6/row-foot once peanuts have completely covered the
                   middles.

    The threshold can usually be adjusted upward later in the
    season because the plant has more foliage.


    Cutworms:  This insect is a foliage feeder but hides in the soil during
    the day.  Experience has shown that digging up cutworms and counting them
    is not always an effective method to base decisions upon.  Defoliation
    appears to be the best measure of cutworm problems.  When 20% defoliation
    is reached, treatment is probably necessary.

PEG AND POD FEEDERS:

    Lesser Cornstalk Borer, Southern Corn Rootworm:  Treat when the
    caterpillars or rootworms are found infesting 10% of the plants before
    pegging and 15% after pegging.  Irrigated peanuts should be treated at a
    lower level.
\b\v
\h 1 'Insecticide Usage on Peanuts'
\v
\v
\v
                          Insecticide Usage on Peanuts

APPLY INSECTICIDES ONLY WHEN NEEDED.  During July and August insect and leaf
spot control are closely related.  Leaf spot control is usually required five
to seven times during the season; however, insect populations usually should
not require this many treatments.  Over the years there has been a practice of
treating for insects and leaf spot at the same time.  Current data indicates
leaf feeding insects would not require more than two applications during the
leaf spot treatment time.  Total defoliation from leaf spot and insects should
not exceed 20%.  Leaf spot control may be approached on a preventative basis;
TREAT FOR INSECT DEFOLIATORS ONLY AS THE INFESTATION INDICATES.  Unnecessary
use of insecticides kills beneficial insects and may cause build-up of some
pest insects late in the season.

PRECAUTIONS:  Insecticides are poisonous to man and animals.  Handle them with
care.  Always read the insecticide label carefully and completely before
opening the containers and observe all precautions.  Do not contaminate feed
and water.  Store insecticides in the original labeled containers out of reach
of children, pets, and livestock, preferably in a locked cabinet or closet and
away from food and feed.  Dispose of empty containers promptly and safely.
\h 1 'Description of Insect Pests'
\h 2 'Aphids'


                          Description of Insect Pests


Aphids:

Aphids are soft-bodied, sucking insects about 1/8 of an inch long.  They
are not generally a problem but in large numbers can cause considerable damage
by their reduction of plant fluids.
\h 2 'Corn Earworms'



Corn Earworms:

The corn earworm is a general feeder found on other crops such as corn,
cotton, soybeans, tobacco and tomatoes.  It can develop into large
infestations.  These caterpillars vary in color from light green to pink to
nearly black but are generally lighter on the undersurface of their body.
When disturbed, they will curl their bodies up very tight.  Small corn
earworms are easier to control than the larger ones so it is important to
check fields carefully.
\h 2 'Cutworms'



Cutworms:

Cutworms are stout and dark colored.  During the day they stay just below
the soil surface, under trash or in soil cracks.  Most damage is done at night
when they climb the plants and feed on the foliage; however, they will cut
plants off at the soil surface.  The cutworms will also feed on exposed
peanuts that have been wind-rowed at harvest time.  Care should be taken in
inspection of cutworm populations just prior to harvest since as soon as the
vines are plowed, the worms will leave the drying foliage and begin feeding on
the pods.
\b\v
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
Fall Armyworms:

The stripes and coloration of the fall armyworm are highly variable;
however, they can generally be identified by a white inverted "Y" mark in
front of the head.  The adult moth lays eggs in a fuzzy cluster and when these
hatch the caterpillars move and feed together.  Often large numbers congregate
and move along together feeding on foliage; consequently, they are called
armyworms.  They often attack the vines early in the season and feed on
developing buds.  This type feeding gives a ragged appearance when the leaves
grow out.
\h 2 'Leafhoppers'



Leafhoppers:

Leafhoppers are small green or brownish wedge-shaped insects often called
sharpshooters.  They have piercing-sucking mouthparts and damage peanuts by
sucking sap from the leaves and buds causing leaf tips to turn white or
fringes of the leaf to turn brown (called "Hopper Burn").
\h 2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'



Lesser Cornstalk Borers:

The lesser cornstalk borer is small and slender with alternating green
and brown bands on its body.  It lives in a silken tube just below the soil
surface and bores into and tunnels up the stem.  Lesser cornstalk borers
frequently attack seedlings emerging from the ground or shortly thereafter.
It is an erratic pest with outbreaks and plant damage usually occurring during
dry periods on sandy soils.  The worm can also be a severe problem from
pegging time until harvest.  Tests have shown that several insecticides may be
effective (see accompanying chart).  Damage can be reduced significantly by
keeping the land free of weeds and grass for several weeks prior to planting.

In order to inspect for the lesser cornstalk borer, it is necessary to
carefully spade up the peanut plant with a trowel, small shovel or other
instrument.  The delicate sand-like silk webbing tubes are often left in the
soil if the plant is pulled up or not carefully spaded up.  If the above
precautions are not observed, the grower will often overlook this dangerous
pest.  Earlier planting may help prevent late season losses.
\h 2 'Rednecked Peanut Worms'



Rednecked Peanut Worms:

The rednecked peanut worm is a small, white-colored larvae with a brown
head and a red band just behind the head in the neck region, hence its name.
They are only 3/8 to 1/2 inch in length and feed in the buds of the plant.
They do not occur often but can be difficult to control.
\b\v
\h 2 'Southern Corn Rootworms'
\v
\v
\v
Southern Corn Rootworms:

The southern corn rootworm damages peanuts by feeding on the pegs and
pods in the soil.  These pests tend to be a problem more often in damp weather
and on heavier type soils, however, it can occur in sandy soils.

The adults of the southern corn rootworm/cucumber beetle are greenish-yellow
in color, about 1/4 to 3/8 of an inch long and have 12 irregular black spots
on their backs.  The damage to peanuts, however, is caused by the whitish-
clear tender looking larvae about 3/8 inch long.  The larvae appears two
"headed" since both head and rear ends have a brown-like spot resembling the
head of a worm.
\h 2 'Spider Mites'



Spider Mites:

Spider mites, about 1/60 of an inch long, are not insects but closely
related animals that damage peanuts by sucking fluid from the leaves causing
them to turn yellow and die.  They are not a common problem but may appear
from time to time and can cause severe damage.

Mites are particularly troublesome in dry weather and populations
generally start around fences, trees, field margins or other obstacles in the
field.  They prefer healthy and vigorous plants to feed upon.
\h 2 'Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers'



Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers:

The three-cornered alfalfa hopper is related to the leafhopper.  It is
green in color, approximately 1/4 inch in length and stands about 1/4 inch
high, being wedge-shaped and broad shouldered.  It has rather prominent
protruding eyes located low on its head.  It pierces the tissues and sucks out
plant juices.  Its feeding causes the stem to scab and take on a girdled
appearance (which completely encircles the stem).  The insect feeds deep in
the plant foliage.  The nymphs are similar in appearance to the adults but
have spiny bodies and usually are more damaging than the adults.
\h 2 'Thrips'



Thrips:

Thrips are about 1/16 of an inch long.  The adults are dark and winged
and the nymphs are wingless and yellow in color.  They feed by rasping the
young leaves of the bud and sucking out plant fluid.  This results in scarred,
deformed or "possum-eared" leaves.  However, thrips damage occurs within the
first 30 days of plant growth and research has shown that this damage will not
result in economic yield loss.
\b\v
\h 2 'Velvetbean Caterpillars'
\v
\v
\v
Velvetbean Caterpillars:

Velvetbean caterpillars attack foliage, strip plants of leaves, and
destroy the terminal buds.  They are green to black in color and usually have
stripes running the length of the body.  The caterpillars can grow to two
inches in length and are very active when disturbed.  The adult moths are
light brown and have a diagonal dark line across their wings from the front
wing tip inward toward the body.  This insect is easily killed by several
insecticides.
\h 2 'White Grubs'



White Grubs:

White grubs are the larvae of May or June beetles.  They have a thick,
white "C" shaped body with a brown head and three pairs of legs.  They live in
the soil and feed on underground plant parts.  Grubs are most often a problem
following sod crops.
\h 2 'Whitefringed Beetles'



Whitefringed Beetles:

The whitefringed beetle is dark gray in color and about 1/2 inch long and
has a white fringe or band along the outer edges of the body.  They feed on
the outer margins of leaves.

The larvae or grubs cause the principal damage by feeding on roots or
other underground parts.  The grubs are yellowish-white in color and are about
1/2 inch long.  They generally require eleven months for development into
adults, but under some conditions may require up to 2 years or more.
Whitefringed beetles normally overwinter as eggs or larvae.  They usually
produce one generation a year and spend all but about three months of their
life in the soil.
\b\v
\h 1 'Control of Specific Insect Pests'
\h 2 'Alfalfa Caterpillars'
\v
\v
\v
                        Control of Specific Insect Pests

NOTE:  Lorsban 4E is no longer available for foliar use on peanuts except
for Lesser Cornstalk Borer control.  Even in this case, it can only be applied
as a DIRECTED SPRAY to the base of the plants.  See specific recommendations
and restrictions under Lesser Cornstalk Borer control.  Dow has taken this
action as a result of continued reports of phytotoxicity following foliar
applications of Lorsban 4E.


Alfalfa Caterpillars:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

methoxychlor                    2 EC           1 1/5 - 2 qt           7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Alfalfa Weevils'



Alfalfa Weevils:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 3 qt               7
  (larvae)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Ants'



Ants:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl                        5 B            20 lb                  0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Aphids'
Aphids:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disulfoton (Di-Syston)          15 G           6.7 - 13.3 lb     N/A - at
                                                                 planting or
                                                                 pegging. Do
                                                                 not use
                                                                 treated vines
                                                                 for feed.

methyl parathion                4 EC           3/4 pt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Armyworms'



Armyworms:

See also:  Beet, Fall Armyworms
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See various labels for rates

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 - 1 1/2 qt           0

carbaryl (Sevin)                5 B            20 lb                  0

carbaryl                        50 WP          2 - 3 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         5 1/3-10 2/3 oz   21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         1 - 4 pt          21 - do not
  (beet armyworm)                                                graze or feed

methoxychlor                    2 EC           3 - 4 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Bean Leaf Beetles'
Bean Leaf Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Beet Armyworms'



Beet Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         1.7-3.4 fl oz         21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         5 1/3-10 2/3 oz   21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 L          1 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Blister Beetles'



Blister Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1/2 - 1 qt             0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           2/3 - 1 1/4 lb    0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Burrowing Stinkbugs'
Burrowing Stinkbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fonofos (Dyfonate)              10 G           10 - 20 lb        N/A - at
                                                                 pegging
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Cabbage Loopers'



Cabbage Loopers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See various lables for rates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Clover Leaf Weevils'



Clover Leaf Weevils:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 3 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Corn Earworms'
Corn Earworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1 - 1 1/3 lb      14 - from
                                                                 date of dig-
                                                                 ging; Do not
                                                                 feed or graze

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 - 1 1/2 qt           0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4-1 7/8 lb    0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         0.85-1.7 fl oz         21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         2 2/3-5 1/3 oz    21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         1 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Cowpea Curculios'



Cowpea Curculios:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Cucumber Beetles'



Cucumber Beetles:

See also:  Southern Corn Rootworm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Cutworms'
Cutworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     2 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                5 B            20 lb                  0

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)          15 G           15 oz/1000        21 - do not
                                               row-ft at or      feed treated
                                               just prior to     hay or forage
                                               pegging

diazinon (D.z.n.)               4 EC           4 pt              7 - forage
                                                                 21 - hay, nut
                                                                 harvest

diazinon (D.z.n.)               14 G           14 lb over row    7 - forage
                                                                 21 - hay, nut
                                                                 harvest

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         1.7-3.4 fl oz         21
  (cutworm, granulate cutworm)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         5 1/3-10 2/3 oz   21 - do not
  (cutworms including                                            graze or feed
  granulate cutworms)                                            vines

monocrotophos (Azodrin)         5 EC           1 5/8 pt          21 - do not
  (granulate cutworms)                                           graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Darkling Beetles'



Darkling Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl                        5 B            20 lb                  0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'
Fall Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1 - 1 1/3 lb      14 - from date
                                                                 of digging. Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 - 1 1/2 qt           0

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         3.4 fl oz              21
  (aids in control)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         10 2/3 oz         21 - do not
  (aids in control)                                              graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         1 - 2 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7

parathion                       8 EC           1/2 qt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Field Crickets'



Field Crickets:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl                        5 B            20 lb                  0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Flea Beetles'



Flea Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           1 1/2 - 2 qt           7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Grasshoppers'
Grasshoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1/3 - 2/3 lb      14 - from date
                                                                 of digging. Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1/2 - 1 1/2 qt         0

carbaryl (Sevin)                5 B            20 lb                  0

carbaryl                        50 WP          1 - 3 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         1.7-3.4 fl oz          21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         5 1/3-10 2/3 oz   21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Green Cloverworms'



Green Cloverworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis          See various labels for rates

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC           1 qt                   0

carbaryl                        50 WP          2 lb              0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         2 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\v
\v
\h 2 'Leafhoppers'
Leafhoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1 - 1 1/3 lb      14 - from date
                                                                 of digging. Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

carbofuran (Furadan)*           15 G           3.3 - 6.7 lb      N/A in furrow;
  (potato leafhopper)                                            at planting

disulfoton (Di-Syston)          15 G           6.7 - 13.3 lb     N/A-at plant-
                                                                 ing or peg-
                                                                 ging. Don't use
                                                                 treated vines
                                                                 for feed.

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         0.85-1.7 fl oz         21
  (potato leafhopper)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         2 2/3 - 5 1/3 oz  21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed

malathion (Cythion)             5 EC           1 1/2 pt               0
  (potato leafhopper)

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         1 - 4 pt          21 - do not
  (potato leafhopper)                                            graze or feed

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7

phorate (Thimet)                20 G           5.5 oz/1000       N/A - at
                                               row-ft            planting. Do
                                               11.0 oz/1000      not graze or
                                               row-ft at         feed hay or
                                               pegging           forage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e., well-
drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'
\v
\v
\v
Lesser Cornstalk Borers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)          4 EC           2 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                               directed spray    feed treated
                                                                 hay or forage

     COMMENTS:  Apply as a directed spray to the base of the plants in an
     8 to 10 inch band.  Apply at the rate of 2-4 pts per acre when field
     counts indicate damaging insect counts are developing or present.  Mix
     the required dosage in enough water to ensure thorough coverage.  DO
     NOT APPLY AS A FOLIAGE APPLICATION.  Do not make more than one application
     per season.  Do not harvest within 21 days after treatment.  Do not feed
     treated peanut forage to meat or dairy animals.

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)          15 G           7 1/2 - 15 oz/    21 - do not
                                               1000 row-ft at    feed treated
                                               or just prior     hay or forage
                                               to pegging

diazinon (D.z.n.)               14 G           14 - 21 lb        7 - forage
                                               band over row     21 - hay, nut
                                                                 harvest

ethoprop (Mocap)                10 G           2 lb/1000 row-ft  N/A - apply at
                                                                 pegging

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         3.4 fl oz             21
  (aids in control)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         10 2/3 oz         21 - do not
  (aids in control)                                              graze or feed
                                                                 vines

fonofos (Dyfonate)              10 G           20 - 40 lb        N/A - may
                                                                 apply up to
                                                                 30 days after
                                                                 pegging

monocrotophos (Azodrin)         5 EC           1 5/8 pt          N/A - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

parathion                       10 G           20 - 25 lb        N/A - at
                                                                 pegging

parathion                       8 EC           1/2 pt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Loopers'
\v
\v
\v
Loopers:

See also:  Cabbage Looper
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1 - 1 1/3 lb      14 - from
                                                                 date of
                                                                 digging.  Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

Bacillus thuringiensis          See various labels for rates

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         2 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Mexican Bean Beetles'



Mexican Bean Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1/2 - 1 qt             0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           2/3 - 1 1/4 lb    0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Mites'
\v
\v
\v
Mites:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dicofol (Kelthane)              Kelthane or other brands must meet EPA
                                approval before they can be used - see dealers
                                for information)

disulfoton (Di-Syston)          15 G           6.7 - 13.3 lb     N/A - at
                                                                 planting or
                                                                 pegging. Do
                                                                 not use
                                                                 treated vines
                                                                 for feed.

monocrotophos (Azodrin)         5 EC           7/8 - 1 5/8 pt    21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

propargite (Comite)             6 1/2 EC       2 pt                   14
  (two-spotted spider)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Pea Weevils'



Pea Weevils:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 3 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Podworms'



Podworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel)  4 L            1 - 2 pt               0
  (early instars)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Rednecked Peanutworms'
\v
\v
\v
Rednecked Peanut Worms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         0.85-1.7 fl oz         21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         2 2/3-5 1/3 oz    21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

parathion                       8 EC           1/2 pt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Southern Corn Rootworms'



Southern Corn Rootworms:

See also:  Cucumber Beetle (larvae)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*           15 G           6.7 - 13.3 lb     N/A - in
  (aids in control)                            See label for     furrow; at
                                               use at pegging    planting
                                               or later

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)          15 G           7 1/2 - 15 oz/    21 - do not
                                               1000 row-ft at    feed treated
                                               or just prior     hay or forage
                                               to pegging

diazinon (D.z.n.)               14 G           28 lb broadcast   7 - forage
                                                                 21 - hay, nut
                                                                 harvest

ethoprop (Mocap)                10 G           1.66 lb/1000      N/A - apply at
                                               row-ft            pegging

fensulfothion (Dasanit)         15 G           14 2/3-29 1/3     65 - do not
                                               oz/1000 row-ft    feed vines or
                                                                 hay

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pSouthern Corn Rootworms - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Min. Days to
\pInsecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fonofos (Dyfonate)              10 G           20 - 40 lb        N/A - at
                                               banded or         pegging
                                               broadcast

parathion                       10 G           20 - 25 lb        N/A - at
                                                                 pegging

phorate (Thimet)                20 G           11 oz/1000        N/A - at
                                               row-ft            pegging; do
                                                                 not graze or
                                                                 feed hay or
                                                                 forage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Sowbugs'



Sowbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl                        5 B            20 lb                  0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Soybean Caterpillars'



Soybean Caterpillars:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 3 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Spittlebugs'
\v
\v
\v
Spittlebugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor                    2 EC           1 - 2 qt               7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Stinkbugs'



Stinkbugs:

See also:  Burrowing Stinkbug
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 - 1 1/2 qt           0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 - 1 7/8 lb  0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers'



Three-Cornered Alfalfa Hoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Thrips'
\v
\v
\v
Thrips:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          2/3 - 1 lb        14 - from date
                                                                 of digging. Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

aldicarb (Temik)                15 G           7 - 14 lb at      90 - do not
                                               planting          hog off, graze
                                                                 or feed vines

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

carbofuran (Furadan)*           15 G           3.3 - 6.7 lb      N/A - in
                                                                 furrow; at
                                                                 planting

disulfoton (Di-Syston)          15 G           6.7 - 13.3 lb     N/A - do not
                                                                 use treated
                                                                 vines for feed

fensulfothion (Dasanit)         15 G           14 2/3 - 29 1/3   65 - do not
  (early season reduction)                     oz/1000 row-ft    feed vines or
                                                                 hay

malathion                       5 EC           1 1/2 pt               0

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         2 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methyl parathion                4 EC           3/4 pt                 15

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pThrips - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Min. Days to
\pInsecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
oxamyl (Vydate L)               2 EC           2 - 4 pt          N/A - apply no
                                                                 later than 6
                                                                 weeks after
                                                                 emergence

phorate (Thimet)                20 G           5 1/2 oz/1000     Do not graze
                                               row-ft at         or feed hay
                                               planting          or forage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Velvetbean Caterpillars'



Velvetbean Caterpillars:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
acephate (Orthene)              75 SP          1 - 1 1/3 lb      14 - from date
                                                                 of digging. Do
                                                                 not feed/graze

Bacillus thuringiensis          See various labels for rates

carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 qt                   0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 lb          0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

esfenvalerate (Asana)           1.9 EC         0.85-1.7 fl oz         21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)            2.4 EC         2 2/3 - 5 1/3 oz  21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pVelvetbean Caterpillars - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Min. Days to
\pInsecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin)      1.8 EC         2 - 4 pt          21 - do not
                                                                 graze or feed
                                                                 vines

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7

methyl parathion                4 EC           3/4 pt                 15
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Webworms'



Webworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     1 - 1 1/2 qt           0

carbaryl (Sevin)                80 S           1 1/4 - 1 7/8 lb  0 - do not
                                                                 apply to wet
                                                                 foliage

methoxychlor                    2 EC           2 - 6 qt               7
  (alfalfa, garden webworm)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'White Grubs'



White Grubs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parathion                       10 G           20 lb             N/A - preplant
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'White-Fringed Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
Whitefringed Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)                4 EC (XLR)     2 qt                   0
  (adults)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Wireworms'



Wireworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Min. Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parathion                       10 G           30 lb             N/A - preplant

dichloropropene (Telone II)     See label for rates
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
