\m    18    6   94    2  1 'Suggested Control Program'
\m    19    7    0    2  2 'General Information'
\m    34   11   94    2  2 'Aphids'
\m    46   15   62    2  2 'Leafhoppers'
\m    62   21   33    2  2 'Grape Flea Beetles'
\m    77   26   50    3  2 'Grape Phylloxera (leaf type)'
\m    86   28   96    3  2 'Caterpillars'
\m   100   32  124    3  2 'Seed Chalcids'
\m   114   37   64    3  2 'Grape Root Borers'
\m   142   48   14    4  1 'Pesticide Recommendations for Bunch Grape Spray Program'
\m   195   74   49    5  1 'Pesticide Recommendations for Muscadine Grape Spray Program'
\t'November 1987'                                                   'V D-'
\a                      Dr. Russell F. Mizell, Entomologist
\a
\a                            INSECT CONTROL IN GRAPES

                      Dr. Russell F. Mizell, Entomologist
\h 1 'Suggested Control Program'
\h 2 'General Information'


                            INSECT CONTROL IN GRAPES

                           Suggested Control Program

General Information:

Aphids, leafhoppers, the grape flea beetle, seed chalcids, and caterpillars
including the grape leaf skeltonizer and the grape leaf folder are among the
insects that may require control measures.  The addition of malathion to a
regular disease control program will keep most insect pests under control.
Recently, another caterpillar pest, the grape root borer, has been reported in
the state, and is becoming a severe pest problem.
\h 2 'Aphids'


Aphids:

Aphids, which attack the young shoots and leaves of grapes, are dark brown in
color and can build up to high populations quickly.

Control -- Apply malathion at 1 1/2 pints of 57% emulsifiable concentrate per
100 gallons of water.  For small amounts, use 1 1/2 teaspoons of 57% malathion
emulsifiable concentrate per gallon of water.  Do not apply malathion within 3
days of harvest.  Diazinon is effective; use according to label directions.
\h 2 'Leafhoppers'


Leafhoppers:

Feed on the lower surface of grape leaves causing a stippled or etched
condition.

Control -- Apply a spray containing 2 pounds of either 50% Sevin or 50%
methoxychlor wettable powder per 100 gallons of water; or apply malathion at
1 1/2 pints of 57% emulsifiable concentrate per 100 gallons of water.  For
small amounts, use 2 tablespoons of 50% Sevin or methoxychlor wettable powder
per gallon of water; or malathion at 1 1/2 teaspoons of 57% emulsifiable
concentrate per gallon of water.  DO NOT APPLY METHOXYCHLOR WITHIN 14 DAYS OR
MALATHION WITHIN 3 DAYS OF HARVEST.  There is no time limitation for use of
Sevin on grapes.  Diazinon is effective; use according to label directions.
\h 2 'Grape Flea Beetles'


Grape Flea Beetles:

One species is dark blue, shiny, and about 3/16 inch long.  They can kill grape
buds by eating out the centers.  Larvae feed on the upper surface of grape
leaves.  Another species is light brown with lighter stripes.  The adults chew
rectangular holes in the leaves early in the season.

Control -- Apply a spray containing 2 pounds of 50% methoxychlor wettable
powder per 100 gallons of water.  For small amounts, use 2 tablespoons of
methoxychlor wettable powder per gallon of water.  Or use Diazinon according
to label directions.  DO NOT APPLY METHOXYCHLOR WITHIN 14 DAYS OF HARVEST.
\b\v
\h 2 'Grape Phylloxera (leaf type)'
\v
\v
Grape Phylloxera (leaf type):

Course, raised, triangular galls on upper surface of leaves.

Control -- Use 1 pound per 100 gallons, 2-3 pounds per acre of Thiodan 50 WP
when galls begin to open.  Don't need to control unless infestation is detected.
\h 2 'Caterpillars'


Caterpillers:

Two of the more common caterpillars are the grape leaf folder, which rolls or
folds the leaves and then feeds within, and the grape leaf skeletonizer which
skeletonizes leaves.

Control -- Apply a spray containing 2 pounds of 50% Sevin wettable powder per
100 gallons of water, or for smaller amounts, use 2 tablespoons of 50% Sevin
wettable powder per gallon of water.  Or use Diazinon according to label
directions.  Kryocide can be used at 6 - 8 lb. in 25 - 200 gal. of water per
acre.
\h 2 'Seed Chalcids'


Seed Chalcids:

Will infest bunch grapes that are adapted to Florida conditions including Blue
Lake, Lake Emerald, Stover and Norris.  Wasps, about 1/8 inch long and not
easily seen, lay eggs in developing grape seeds in late April through May.
Development is completed within the seeds.  Adults then bore through the
seeds, pulp, and skin just before grapes ripen.

Control -- Malathion applied once a week from the last of April through May (5
applications) gave good control experimentally in a location where seed
chalcids were a problem.
\h 2 'Grape Root Borers'


Grape Root Borer:

The larvae bore into roots, often girdling them, which reduces or destroys
vine productivity.  Larvae have brown heads and can reach over an inch in
length. Adult moths are red brown, rather large and resemble a wasp.  Major
indications of larval feeding are leaf yellowing, terminal die-back of vines
and above-ground root growth.  This insect infests both muscadine and bunch
grapes but is usually more prevalent on bunch grapes.

Control is generally limited to insecticide and relies on Lorsban targeted to
the hatching larvae.  Do not spray Lorsban within 30 days of harvest.  Sprays
should be directed to the 15 sq. ft. area around the vine.  Completely cover
the ground with an insecticide barrier.  This will kill the larvae as they
attempt to enter the ground to find roots.  Do not allow spray to contact
fruit or foliage.

Another method of control is to mound dirt about 1 foot deep around the vines
to prevent emergence of the adults.

The timing of sprays is being determined using pheromone traps.  The adult
flight period of the borer varies across the southeastern U.S. and from north
to south Florida.  In north Florida (Tallahassee area) the adults' flight
period begins about July 1 and continues into October; in the Leesburg area,
late July to mid October.
\b\v
\h 1 'Pesticide Recommendations for Bunch Grape Spray Program'
\v
\v
            Pesticide Recommendations for Bunch Grape Spray Program

As the grape industry has grown, growers may prefer a generalized spray
program for pests and two are given, one for bunch grapes and one for
muscadines based on the programs used in other grape-producing states. This
generalized program may be preferred by commercial growers, whereas the
homeowner/grower might prefer attacking individual insect problems.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time of Application    Pesticide       Amount/Acre       Cautionary Statement
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
New Shoot Spray       Imidan 50% WP        2 lbs      About 200 gal. of water
  Spray when first        or                          per acre are needed with
  shoots are one      Malathion 25% WP     6 lbs      dilute sprayer and appro-
  inch long and           or                          ximately 50 gal. with
  continue every 7    Methoxychlor 50% WP  2-4 lbs    concentrate sprayers.
  days until after        or                          PARATHION IS A VERY TOXIC
  bloom.              Sevin 50% WP         2-4 lbs    MATERIAL AND SHOULD BE
                          or                          USED ONLY BY A LICENSED
                      Parathion 15% WP     3 lbs      APPLICATOR
                          or
                      Thiodan 50 WP        2-3 lbs

Cover Spray           Any one of the       Same as    Do not apply Imidan,
  Apply first         above.               above.     Parathion or Methox-
  cover spray 10                                      ychlor within 14
  days after last                                     days of harvest.  Do
  new shoot spray.                                    not apply Malathion
  Make additional                                     within 3 days of
  cover sprays                                        harvest.  No time
  every 14 days                                       limit on Sevin.
  until harvest.                                      NOTE: Sevin is not
                                                      effective in aphid
                                                      control.

Grape Root Borer    Lorsban                4.5 pts    Apply 2 quarts of dilute
                                           per 100    mixture to the soil
                                           gal water  surface in a 15 sq ft
                                                      area around the base of
                                                      each vine.  Do not apply
                                                      within 30 days of
                                                      harvest.  Do not allow
                                                      spray to contact foliage
                                                      or fruit.

Grape Phylloxera    Thiodan 50 WP          1 lb per   Apply if Pylloxera has
                                           100 gal;   been a problem.
                                           2-3 lb
                                           per acre
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 1 'Pesticide Recommendations for Muscadine Grape Spray Program'
\v
\v
          Pesticide Recommendations for Muscadine Grape Spray Program

As the grape industry has grown, growers may prefer a generalized spray
program for pests and two are given, one for bunch grapes and one for
muscadines based on the programs used in other grape-producing states. This
generalized program may be preferred by commercial growers, whereas the
homeowner/grower might prefer treating individual insect problems.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Time of Application    Pesticide          Amount/Acre    Cautionary Statement
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Every 14 days from     Imidan 50% WP         2 lbs       Parathion and Metho-
  bud break until            or                          myl are highly toxic
  6 to 8 weeks         Malathion 25% WP      6 lbs       materials for use
  before harvest.            or                          only by licensed ap-
                       Methoxychlor 50% WP   2-4 lbs     plicators.  Methomyl
                             or                          can be applied up to
                       Parathion 15% WP      3 lbs       14 days before harvest
                             or                          with vine grapes.
                       Sevin 50% WP          2-4 lbs
                       or Methomyl 90% SP    1/2 lb

Every 10 to 14         Any pesticide
  days during          from above.
  last 6-8 weeks
  before harvest.

Grape Root Borer       Lorsban            4.5 pts        Apply 2 quarts of
                                          per 100        dilute mixture to the
                                          gal water      soil surface in a 15
                                                         sq ft area around the
                                                         base of each vine.
                                                         Do not apply within
                                                         30 days of harvest.
                                                         Do not allow spray to
                                                         contact foliage or
                                                         fruit.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
