\m    70   25   90    3  1 'General Information'
\m    89   31   82    3  1 'Field Inspection of Field Corn'
\m    90   31  121    3  2 'Sampling'
\m   143   53   54    4  2 'Thresholds'
\m   184   66  110    5  2 'Aflatoxin'
\m   195   69   91    5  1 'Description of Soil Pests'
\m   196   69  125    5  2 'Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworm)'
\m   221   78  121    5  2 'Cutworms'
\m   241   86   51    6  2 'Grubs'
\m   260   92   66    6  2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'
\m   298  108   21    7  2 'White-Fringed Beetles'
\m   318  114   70    7  2 'Wireworms'
\m   365  131   73    8  2 'Other Soil Pests'
\m   378  135   99    8  1 'Description of Foliage, Stem and Above-Ground Plant Feeders'
\m   379  136   39    8  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   423  152    9    9  2 'Others'
\m   435  155   57    9  1 'Description of Ear Feeders'
\m   436  155   92    9  2 'Corn Earworms'
\m   464  165   42    9  2 'Fall Armyworm Larvae'
\m   475  167   95   10  2 'Stinkbugs'
\m   490  171   78   10  2 'Rice Weevils'
\m   508  177   45   11  1 'Use of Insecticides on Corn Intended for Forage'
\m   721  261   81   15  1 'Recommendations for Control of Specific Pests'
\m   722  262    7   15  2 'Aphids'
\m   777  280   15   16  2 'Armyworms'
\m   829  298  113   17  2 'Bean Beetles'
\m   841  302  116   17  2 'Beet Armyworms'
\m   854  307   68   17  2 'Billbugs - See Maize Billbug'
\m   861  308   31   17  2 'Budworms'
\m   866  309   37   17  2 'Cereal Leaf Beetles'
\m   879  313   85   18  2 'Chinch Bugs'
\m   901  321   33   18  2 'Corn Borers'
\m   924  328   81   19  2 'Corn Earworms'
\m   958  340   53   19  2 'Crickets'
\m   971  344   47   20  2 'Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworms)'
\m  1077  384   28   22  2 'Cutworms'
\m  1140  405  100   23  2 'Darkling Ground Beetles'
\m  1152  409  124   23  2 'European Corn Borers'
\m  1196  426   37   24  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m  1221  435   11   24  2 'Flea Beetles'
\m  1279  459   43   25  2 'Grasshoppers'
\m  1320  474   33   26  2 'Leafhoppers'
\m  1348  485   81   26  2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'
\m  1387  502   54   27  2 'Maize Billbugs (corn billbugs, billbugs, southern corn billbugs)'
\m  1419  516  115   27  2 'Mites'
\m  1475  537   41   28  2 'Picnic Beetles'
\m  1488  541  119   28  2 'Rose Chafers (beetles)'
\m  1501  546   13   29  2 'Sap Beetles'
\m  1519  552   27   29  2 'Seed Corn Beetles'
\m  1541  559  107   29  2 'Seed Corn Maggots'
\m  1585  577   73   30  2 'Silkflies'
\m  1597  581   64   30  2 'Sowbugs'
\m  1612  586    4   31  2 'Stalk Borers'
\m  1645  599  110   31  2 'Stinkbugs'
\m  1660  604   55   32  2 'Symphylans'
\m  1687  614    7   32  2 'Thrips'
\m  1706  620   51   32  2 'Tobacco Budworms'
\m  1721  625   90   33  2 'Webworms'
\m  1735  630  113   33  2 'White Grubs'
\m  1772  645   22   34  2 'Wireworms'
\t'November 1987'                                                    'IV B-'
\a                  Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
\a                   Dr. Dick Sprenkel, Extension Entomologist
\a
\a                          INSECT CONTROL IN FIELD CORN

                  Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
                   Dr. Dick Sprenkel, Extension Entomologist

\h 1 'General Information'

                          INSECT CONTROL IN FIELD CORN



                             General Information

Field corn has quite a few pest insects that are associated with it.  There
are some serious soil pests that attack the crop.  There are also those
insects that attack the foliage and tassels creating a great deal of damage.

The pests that attack the ears and its parts are perhaps the most important
since damage at this stage comes at a time when the grower has a maximum
dollar input in the crop.

Although an enumeration of all the pests of corn would create a long list,
there are several that are encountered by the Florida grower more frequently
and more attention will be given to these insects.
\h 1 'Field Inspection of Field Corn'
\h 2 'Sampling'



                         Field Inspection of Field Corn


Sampling:

Corn should be monitored on a weekly basis throughout the growing season for
the major foliage-feeding pests.  Samples should be selected at random and be
representative of the field being monitored.

A sample consists of examination of five consecutive corn plants.  The first
plant should be selected at random and each of the plants in the sample should
be examined carefully.

Before tasseling, check both leaf surfaces and the stalk from the top of the
plant to the ground level paying particular attention to the uppermost leaves.
Examine the silks and ears carefully after the plants have reached the repro-
ductive stage.

The number of samples to be taken is determined by the size of the field.
Normally, one sample should be taken for every two acres of field size.  At
least 20 samples should be taken regardless of field size.  Each week the
location of samples should be different.  One way of doing this is to enter
the field at a different point and walk a different route each week.

Generally, no more than 20-25% of the samples should be taken at the edge of
the field.  However, a few sites should be taken on the edge 10-15 rows of
each field to check for those pests that may be migrating into the field
(grasshoppers, armyworms and stinkbugs).

\bSoil-inhabiting insects in corn present special sampling problems.  Because of
their feeding or hiding below the soil surface, sampling procedures have not
been developed which give a true measure of the size of the pest population.
However, wireworms and lesser cornstalk borers can be sampled by digging a 6-8
inch deep trench along one foot of row when the corn is in the seedling stage.
Wireworms can be located by sifting the soil through a coarse screen.  Lesser
cornstalk borers can be found by carefully digging up the plants along the
trench and examining the roots for the silken tubes and larvae.

Cutworms are usually monitored by the damage they do.  The number of cut corn
plants in each sample (five plants) should be noted.  If cut plants are found,
check the top two inches of soil extending four inches from both sides of row
where the sample was taken.  Cutworms normally spend the day just under the
soil surface or under debris close to their feeding sites.

Since white grubs take several years to develop, they may be present in a
field when corn is planted.  The presence of white grubs is easiest to check
immediately following the tillage operations used to prepare the seed bed
(plowing, disking, etc.).  Check the top two inches of soil in several 3 ft. x
3 ft. areas throughout the field for the white grubs.
\h 2 'Thresholds'



Thresholds:

FALL ARMYWORM - Before tasseling 5% of the plants with egg masses or
newly hatched larvae or 50% of plants with small worms in the whorls.

WIREWORMS - 20,000 per acre (approximately 1 per 2 sq. ft. of soil area).

LESSER CORNSTALK BORER - 10% of seedlings with damage and worms present.

CUTWORMS - 10% of seedlings cut and cutworms present.

WHITE GRUBS - 1 per square yard at the time of land preparation.

CORN EARWORM - 50% of the plants with small worms in the whorls.
Chemical control has not been shown to be feasible to control corn earworms or
fall armyworms after they have entered the ear.

CORN LEAF APHID - Treatment may be justified when there are 50 or more
aphids on 50% or more of the plants and damage is evident.

STINKBUG - For corn in the early silk through milk stage, treatment may be
justified when there is 1 stinkbug per 5 plants.  From the end of milk through
the hard dough stages treatment may be justified when there is an average of
one stinkbug per plant.  Only stinkbugs 1/4 inch or longer should be
considered when determining thresholds.

GRASSHOPPERS - Defoliation of 30% or more may justify treatment.
Treatment may also be justified if 20% or more of the plants have feeding on
green silks.

CHINCH BUGS - Treatment is usually justified when there are 100 or more
chinch bugs per plant and wilted leaves are evident.

\bSOUTHERN CORN ROOTWORM - Treatment may be justified if 10% of the plants
show damage due to larval feeding (stunted, lodge or killed).  Treatment for
adults may be justified if green silks are trimmed back to 1/2 inch or less
and there are 5 or more spotted cucumber beetles per plant.
\h 2 'Aflatoxin'



Aflatoxin:

Aflatoxin is a very dangerous toxin given off by a fungal disease that occurs
frequently in field corn grown under Florida conditions.  Insects that feed on
the corn ear open avenues of entry for this disease.  Control of ear feeders
by planting early and harvesting on time is thought to reduce the risk of this
disease.
\h 1 'Description of Soil Pests'
\h 2 'Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworm)'



                            Description of Soil Pests


Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworm):

There are several species of cucumber beetles (banded, striped, spotted) that
attack field corn.  The adult beetles feed on the foliage, but the major
source of damage is brought about by yellowish-white fragile larvae (worm
shaped grubs) that tunnel and attack the roots of the plant.  The lower part
of the stalk is often bored into by the grub.  The small thin worm is
difficult to extract from the plant due to its fragility and care must be
taken in dissecting or cutting apart infested plant tissue.

Control of the worm is difficult and application of insecticides must be made
at planting time or shortly thereafter if this pest is a suspect.  Use of the
contact insecticides/nematicides (Counter, Dasanit, Furadan) at planting time
usually does a good job of controlling the corn rootworms.

Once the plant is infested, little can be done to control the pest.  The
cucumber beetle larvae are more severe on wet soils and on those with higher
clay content.
\h 2 'Cutworms'



Cutworms:

The cutworm or caterpillar has always been a serious pest of young field corn
seedlings.  The worms are stout and dark colored.  During the day they stay
just below the soil surface under trash or in cracks in the soil around the
plant.  Most damage is done at night when they climb the plants and feed on
the foliage; however, they will cut plants off at the soil surface.  The
"dirty looking" worm can often be found close to the plant upon which it has
previously fed.  It is generally located from just under the soil surface to
several inches deep.  The worm rolls into a ball when molested.

The cutworms can generally be controlled by baits which give more satisfactory
results when applied late in the afternoon.  Cutworms attack nearly all plants
except those with hard woody stems.  However, good cutworm control can be
obtained by using sprays that are directed at the base of the plant.
\b\v
\h 2 'Grubs'
\v
\v
\v
Grubs:

The common grubworm is an occasional pest of corn.  Like the mole cricket,
damage is due to the tunneling of the grub.  Plant damage is further magnified
by the grub feeding on the roots of the plant.

The grub is identified by a brown head, six prominent legs and a smooth shiny
body with the rear end purple to black in color due to the body contents
showing through the skin.  Most vegetables, field or cultivated plants are
attacked.

The adults or May beetles are nocturnal and probably do little or no economic
damage.  The grubs can live approximately three years in the soil and
therefore emergence of adults is often heavier in certain years than in
others.  Recommended control for the grub is the same as for the wireworm.
\h 2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'



Lesser Cornstalk Borers:

This small larva is one of the most serious soil pests of corn.  The
caterpillar reaches a maximum of 1/2-5/8 inch in length when full grown.  The
worms have alternate narrow bands of purplish-wine and aqua blue colors
encircling their bodies and the worms wiggle actively when disturbed.

The borer usually makes its entry by drilling into the main stem of the plant
just below the soil surface.  The worm then eats its way up and down the corn
seedling.  It constructs a sticky silken tube that will be found dangling
from the corn main root.  The fragile tube is attached at the point of entry
and is about 3/4-1 inch in length and is covered with soil particles.  The
borer can often be found inside the tube if the infested plant is gently
spaded out of the soil and the plant carefully shaken to remove loose soil.

The lesser cornstalk borer builds up on grass and sod crops and prefers hot
dry weather and sandy soil.  Land intended for corn that has existing grass
crops should be plowed thoroughly in advance of planting.  Since the pest
prefers hot weather, the later corn is planted in the season the greater will
be the risk of encountering the lesser cornstalk borer.  If corn can be
irrigated, this operation can be a good cultural control technique in reducing
the pest.

If chemicals are to be used, timing can be critical.  The contact
insecticides/nematicides (Counter, Dasanit, Furadan) applied at planting
reduce populations.  Other chemicals more specific to lesser cornstalk borer
should also be applied at planting time or immediately after the pest appears
and reaches damaging populations.

Corn plantings are usually infested in irregular "size" and shaped patterns in
the field with young plants suddenly dying as if they have "damping off"
disease.  Corn plants that survive attack often produce suckers and the plant
becomes stunted in height and "bushy" in appearance.
\b\v
\h 2 'White-Fringed Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
White-fringed Beetles:

This insect is a pest of crops grown in the western and northern parts of the
state.  It attacks over 360 species of plants which include field and
vegetable crops.

The adult beetle is about 1/2 inch long and is grey in color with faint white
stripes on its sides.  Adults feed on the leaves of plants, but the critical
damage is caused by the grub-like legless larvae about 3/8-1/2 inch in length
which feed on the lower part of the plant stem and root.  The grub's damage is
confined to plant parts below the soil surface as the grub does not climb or
feed on the foliage.

The adult is unable to fly and the spread of the insect is brought about by
the beetle's walking 1/2-3/4 mile per year or being moved by man, equipment,
etc.
\h 2 'Wireworms'



Wireworms:

These "worms" are the larval stage of the click beetles.  They are quite
slender, yellowish in color with visible body segmentation.  Their bodies are
hard and "slick" feeling.  Wireworms vary in size from 1/2 up to 2 inches in
length.

These worms live in the larval stage for several years depending on the
species.  They can inhabit the soil to a depth of up to 5 feet and are
very difficult to find.

No good sampling technique exists for determining the wireworm populations.
The soil can be dug up and sifted through 1/8 to 1/4 inch mesh screen to see
if wireworms are present, but this is a very laborious task and can be
dangerously misleading.  Wireworms can also be "baited" with ears of corn that
have been shucked.  This can be done by placing the ears randomly on the soil
surface in a field being readied for planting.  If wireworms are present they
may be attracted to the corn ear and can be seen feeding on the seed after
several days.

These methods are only indications and can be very misleading.  It is
important to keep crop history records on fields since the life cycle of this
pest is such that if they were experienced in the past several years, then
they could very well still be present in the larval stage.

Wireworms can be reduced by flooding, frequent and deep plowing and by
chemical means.

Wireworms have a tendency to build up on grass and sod crops. Growing corn
behind these crops can often lead to problems.

It is difficult to control wireworms with chemicals after the crop is planted.
If the worms are suspected or if they are present, then preplant insecticide
treatments may be applied.  Once the seeds are in the ground the damage is
done before the grower is aware of it.

\bWireworms damage corn by eating into the seed and consuming the endosperm.
Wireworms will also eat into the root and feed up or down the main stem or
root and kill the seedling.  The symptoms are:  poor stand, weak seedlings or
seedlings that look good and suddenly die.

Use of the contact soil insecticides/nematicides usually has a suppressive
effect on wireworm populations.
\h 2 'Other Soil Pests'



Other Soil Pests:

Other soil insects that attack the seed or underground parts are numerous.
However, flea beetles, billbugs, ants (in conjunction with corn root aphids),
and even termites are often reported to damage corn.  Thorough preparation of
soil before planting, particularly after sod and grass crops, destruction of
previous season's crop residues well in advance of planting and use of contact
nematicides/insecticides generally are thought to be good practices for
Florida grown corn.
\h 1 'Description of Foliage, Stem and Above-Ground Plant Feeders'
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'



          Description of Foliage, Stem and Above Ground Plant Feeders



Fall Armyworms:

Fall armyworm is probably the most damaging foliage feeder of corn grown in
Florida.  the migrating moths lay egg masses of 100-150 eggs generally on the
undersurface of the corn leaves.  The buff colored egg masses hatch within
a few days and numerous larvae move over the corn plants.

The larvae will go from one plant to another and seem to first locate in tight
leaf axils or whorls.  Young plants can be devastated by whorl feeding.

A large majority of the so-called budworms in Florida grown corn are fall
armyworms.  The larval stage reaches approximately 1 1/2 inches in length
within 14-21 days, then it drops from the plant and pupates in the soil.

The fall armyworm moth migrates in "droves" and each female can lay 1000-1500
eggs.  Therefore, corn under attack seems to have thousands of worms appearing
at once since the migrating females probably all lay eggs at about the same
time.

Fall armyworms are variably colored but are generally brownish-grey to green
in color.  The head capsule is usually shiny dark brown to black in color and
the front of the head has a white or yellow colored inverted "Y."

The fall armyworm also will feed on the leaves, tassels and the ears of
the corn.  Little can be done to control migrating pests.  Chemical control is
very difficult to obtain due to the following:

\b     (1)  the females lay covered egg masses;
     (2)  the egg masses are located on the undersides of the leaves;
     (3)  the young larvae often seek out the tight crevices of the plants or
          feed deep in the whorls.

It appears that corn that is planted early in the season coupled with the
selection of a variety that matures as quickly as possible is one of the best
control measures that can be practiced since fall armyworms begin to migrate
when weather warms up and become more numerous as the weather gets hotter.
\h 2 'Others'



Others:

Other foliage feeders such as beet armyworm, corn earworm, southern armyworm,
yellow-striped armyworm, true armyworm (armyworm), aphids (plant lice), chinch
bugs, grasshoppers, numerous types of beetles and mites may attack the corn
plant.  These aforementioned pests can cause problems under the proper
conditions but their attack is usually less intense or infrequent than the
fall armyworm.
\h 1 'Description of Ear Feeders'
\h 2 'Corn Earworms'



                           Description of Ear Feeders



Corn Earworms:

The corn earworm is probably the most prominent pest of the ear.  The female
lays her eggs one at a time usually on the developing silks.  Upon hatching
the small larvae feed on the silk and will enter the tip of the ear where they
will feed on developing kernels.  In most cases the larval entry is at the
silk end of the ear and feeding is confined to a large extent at the tip end
of the ear.

The corn earworm will reach 1 1/2 inches in length in about 14-21 days.  The
larvae are found in a variety of colors such as several shades of green,
brown, tan, yellow, pink and when small may appear almost black in color.  The
head capsule is generally yellow to orange in color.  The corn earworm like
the fall armyworm curls into a ball when disturbed.

The corn earworm seldom enters the ear from its sides as does the fall
armyworm.  Early planted, early maturing corn is recommended in order to
escape the heavier pest populations that occur as the weather becomes warmer.
Chemical control is effective only when the timing of application kills the
larvae before it enters the confinement of the ear.
\h 2 'Fall Armyworm Larvae'



Fall Armyworm Larvae:

Fall armyworm larvae also feed on the developing kernels.  The caterpillar
generally enters the ear from the sides as well as from the tip of the ear.
When populations are heavy it is not unusual to find several worms within a
single ear.
\b\v
\h 2 'Stinkbugs'
\v
\v
\v
Stinkbugs:

Stinkbugs are frequently found in large numbers feeding on developing ears of
corn.  The nymphal (immature) as well as adults pierce the shuck and feed on
the developing kernels.

Activity is most concentrated from time the kernels begin to form and
continues during the milk stage of development.  Generally feeding will
continue through the hard dough stage.

It is thought that heavy populations can reduce quality and quantity of yields.
\h 2 'Rice Weevils'



Rice Weevils:

The adult snout weevil is about 1/16 inch in length and is dark brown to
nearly black in color.  The females chew slight cavities in the kernels of
grain, deposit an egg, and then seal the hole.  The female can lay 300-400
eggs.  The eggs hatch into a white legless grub which feeds on the interior of
the corn kernels.

The weevils can infest corn in the field and can attack the kernels after the
corn has reached the hard dough stage as well as continue the attack in
storage.  Harvesting corn as soon as moisture content will allow is
recommended in order to avoid weevil infestations.  The longer grain is
allowed to go unharvested, the more chance of weevil outbreak.
\b\v
\h 1 'Use of Insecticides on Corn Intended for Forage'
\v
\v
\v
                  Information About the Use of Insecticides on
                            Corn Intended for Forage

It is impossible to relate to the user all the warnings and limits to use that
are printed on the label.  Therefore it is the responsibility of the user to
read and understand the label.  Many questions arise as to waiting periods if
corn is to be used for forage rather than for grain.  Also the question arises
as to what type animals may be fed treated forage.  The following table is
prepared to answer some of these questions but IS NOT a substitute for reading
the labels.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                           TIME INTERVAL
          INSECTICIDE              AVAILABLE               BETWEEN USE
 Common Name        Trade name     FORMULATIONS            AND HARVEST
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl            Sevin          Sevin, XLR,                  0
                                   Sevimol 4, 80 WP

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  If used as directed, treated forage may be grazed or
     used as feed for dairy and meat animals.  Application may be made without
     removing livestock from the area.  OBSERVE BEE CAUTION.

carbofuran          Furadan        15 G, 4 EC                  ---

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not make a foliar application if 15G was applied
     at more than 6 2/3 lb per acre at planting.  Do not make more than 2
     foliar applications per season.  NOTE:  Carbofuran (Furadan) is a
     chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through soil and can
     contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.  Carbofuran
     has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.  Users
     are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
     is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
     well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies
     can provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the
     location of ground water.

carbophenothion     Trithion       8 EC                         21

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not make more than 1 application per season on
     graze or cut forage within 21 days after application.

chlorpyrifos        Lorsban        15 G, 4 E               Do not apply more
                                                           than 3 pt of 4 EC
                                                           postemergence appli-
                                                           cation per season.
                                                           Do not apply within
                                                           30 days of harvest.

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not make more than 1 application per season.  Do
     not apply more than 4 1/2 pt 4 EC per acre.  Do not allow livestock to
     graze in treated areas nor feed treated corn silage, fodder or grain to
     meat or dairy animals within 50 days after treatment.

\p                                     (cont'd)
\b\pInsecticides on Corn Intended for Forage - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                           TIME INTERVAL
\p          INSECTICIDE              AVAILABLE               BETWEEN USE
\p Common Name        Trade name     FORMULATIONS            AND HARVEST
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diazinon            Diazinon       14 G, 4 EC, AG500       Corn may be picked
                    D.z.n.                                 immediately follow-
                                                           ing last applic.

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Corn forage may be fed to dairy, beef cattle and
     sheep.  Do not feed fodder treated with 14 G (via air, etc).) to dairy
     and beef cattle or sheep for 10 days following application.

dimethoate          Cygon,         2.67 EC, 4 EC           Do not feed or graze
                    Defend,                                within 14 days of
                    Rebellate                              last application.

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not make more than 3 applications per year.

disulfoton          Di-Syston      15 G, 8 EC              40 days when using
                                                           granules

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not apply and formulation more than twice per
     season.  When using liquid (8 EC) do not forage or cut treated corn for
     food or ensilage within 28 days of last treatment.

EPN                 EPN            4 G, 4 EC, 5 EC              14

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not apply within 14 days of harvest or feeding to
     livestock.

ethion              Ethion         4 EC, 8 EC                   50

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not harvest within 50 days of last application,
     do not make more than 1 application after ear formation.  Do not feed
     treated fodder to livestock.

ethoprop            Mocap          10 G, 6 EC

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  To be applied from preplant to layby.  Do not apply
     as furrow treatment or allow Mocap to contact the seed.

fensulfothion       Dasanit        15 G, 6 EC

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not apply more than 2 topical applications of 15G
     per season or within 30 days of harvest for food, feed or forage.  If a
     cultivation application is made in addition to an at-planting
     application, wait 40 days before harvest for food, feed or forage.

fenvalerate         Pydrin         2.4 EC                       21

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Repeat as necessary.  Do not exceed a total of 21
     1/3 oz of formulation per acre per season.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pInsecticides on Corn Intended for Forage - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                           TIME INTERVAL
\p          INSECTICIDE              AVAILABLE               BETWEEN USE
\p Common Name        Trade name     FORMULATIONS            AND HARVEST
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
flucythrinate       Payoff         30 SC                        60

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Maximum of 2 applications per season.  Do not apply
     to heavy, dry soils for cutworm control.

fonofos             Dyfonate       10 G, 20 G, 4 EC           30 - 45

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  For granules - do not apply within 45 days of
     harvest nor feed or graze to livestock within 30 days of treatment.

malathion           Malathion,     5 EC (57%)                   5
                    Cythion and    9.33 EC (ULV)
                    numerous labels

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Injury may occur in whort or silk stages with
     Cythion.

methomyl            Lannate,       90 SP                   0 days if ears
                    Nudrin         1.8 L                   harvested; 3 days if
                                                           used for grazing or
                                                           forage feeding.

methoxychlor        Methoxychlor   2 EC                         7

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Not compatible with sulfur and should not be used
     within 4 weeks of applying sulfur.

methyl parathion    Penncap-M      2 EC                         12
                    other labels   4 EC

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  To avoid injury to bees - do not apply during pollen
     shed if bees are foraging the areas to be treated.  Do not apply within
     12 days of harvest, cutting or grazing.

mevinphos           Phosdrin       4 EC                         1

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Use on forage corn only.

oxydementonmethyl   MRS,           2 EC                       7 - 21
                    Meta-Systox-R

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not apply more than once per season nor within 7
     days of harvest of corn, forage or fodder.  For 2 or more applications -
     do not make the last application within 21 days of harvest of corn,
     foraging or fodder.

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pInsecticides on Corn Intended for Forage - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                           TIME INTERVAL
\p          INSECTICIDE              AVAILABLE               BETWEEN USE
\p Common Name        Trade name     FORMULATIONS            AND HARVEST
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parathion           Numerous       15 WP, 2 EC, 4 EC,           12
                    labels         6 EC, 8 EC, 10 G

permethrin          Ambush         2 EC, 3.2 EC               7 - 30
                    Pounce

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  For silage or feed, do not apply within 7 days of
     harvest.  For grain, do not apply within 30 days of harvest.  Do not
     exceed 3 application per season.

phorate             Thimet         20 G                         30

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not graze or cut for forage within 30 days of
     treatment.  Do not make more than 1 application over the plant.  Do not
     apply under prolonged drought conditions.

propargite          Comite         6.55 EC                      30
  (miticide)

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Do not apply more than 1 time per season or harvest
     before 30 days has elapsed from the last spray.

terbofos            Counter        15 G                         30

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  When used according to directions of applying at
     planting or at cultivation the crop should fall within the safe limits of
     0.5 ppm for fodder or forage and 0.05 ppm for grain.

trichlorfon         Dylox, Proxol  80 SP                        0

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  Up to 3 applications may be made per season.
     Applications may be made as full-coverage spray up to day of harvest.

trimethacarb        Broot          15 G                         90

     OTHER RESTRICTIONS:  At planting - band over the row behind the planter
     shoe and in from of the press wheel; incorporate.  Do not apply at
     cultivation if Broot 15 GX was used at planting.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 1 'Recommendations for Control of Specific Pests'
\h 2 'Aphids'
\v
\v
\v
                 Recommendations for Control of Specific Pests


Aphids:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             1 - 2 pt             14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

diazinon                   4 EC             1 - 2 pt             0 - corn
(corn leaf aphid)                                                forage may be
                                                                 fed to dairy &
                                                                 beef cattle
                                                                 & sheep

dimethoate (Cygon)         4 EC             2/3 - 1 pt                14

disulfoton (Di-Syston)     8 EC             1 pt (40" rows)           28

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21
  (corn leaf aphid,
   oat bird-cherry aphid)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21
  (corn leaf aphid)

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 pt                  5

methomyl (Lannate)         1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             3 - forage;
                                                                 0 - ear

methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12
  (including corn leaf aphid)

mevinphos (Phosdrin)       4 EC             1/2 - 1 pt                1
  (for forage only)

oxydementonmethyl          2 SC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         7; 21 - 2 or
  (Meta-Systox-R)                                                more applic.

parathion                  4 EC             1/2 pt                    12
  (corn leaf aphid)

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             5 lb over the             30
  (corn leaf aphid)                         plant
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
Armyworms:

See also:  Beet Armyworm, Fall Armyworm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     planting time

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             1 - 2 pt             14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21
  (true armyworm)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21
  (true armyworm)

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 - 2 pt              5

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) 1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             3 - forage;
                                                                 0 - ear

methoxychlor               2 EC             2 - 4 1/2 qt              7

methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

parathion                  4 EC             3/4 pt                    12
  (up to 3rd instar)

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        7 - silage,
           (Pounce)        3.2 EC           4 - 8 oz             grazing;
                                                                 30 - grain

trichlorfon (Dylox, Proxol)80 SP            10 - 20 oz                0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Bean Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
Bean Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
dimethoate (Cygon)         4 EC             2/3 - 1 pt                14
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Beet Armyworms'



Beet Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) 1.8 L            2 pt                 0 - ears;
                                                                 3 - forage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Billbugs - See Maize Billbug'



Billbugs:  See Maize Billbug for treatment


\h 2 'Budworms'

Budworms:  Budworms are composed of Fall Armyworms and Corn Earworms.
           Refer to those for treatment.

\h 2 'Cereal Leaf Beetles'


Cereal Leaf Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
malathion                  9.33 ULV         4 - 8 oz                  5
                           Conc.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Chinch Bugs'
\v
\v
\v
Chinch Bugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             1 - 2 pt             14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21

parathion                  4 EC             1 1/2 pt                  12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Corn Borers'



Corn Borers:

See also:  European Corn Borers
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             7 - 14 lb            0; do not
                                                                 feed for 10
                                                                 days

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fonofos (Dyfonate)         20 G             5 lb                      30

trichlorofon               5 B              30 - 40 lb                28
  (Dylox, Proxol)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Corn Earworms'
\v
\v
\v
Corn Earworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 - 2 pt              5

methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) 1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             0 - ears
  (ovicide-larvicide)                                            3 - forage

methyl parathion           2 EC             2 - 4 pt
  (Penncap-M)

parathion                  4 EC             3/4 pt                    12

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        apply prior
           (Pounce)        3.2 EC           4 - 8 oz             to brown silk
                                                                 stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Crickets'



Crickets:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                     Formulation    Rate/Acre         Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           20 B             5 - 10 lb                 0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworms)'
\v
\v
\v
Cucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworm):

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0
  (adults)

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
                           4 F              2 pt                 at planting

carbophenothion (adults)   8 E              1 pt                      21
  (Trithion) - no longer
  being manufactured; may
  use existing supplies

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     banded
  (larvae)                                                       preplant
  (adults)                 4 E              1 - 2 pt             14 silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

diazinon (D.z.n.)          50 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 oz          0
  (larvae)                                  per 1000 ft row

diazinon (larvae)          14 G             1 1/4 - 2 1/2 oz          10
                                            per 1000 ft row

dimethoate (Cygon)         4 EC             2/3 - 1 pt                14
  (adults)

disulfoton (Di-Syston)     15 G             1.2 oz/1000 ft row     28
                                            6.7 lb/A 40" rows

disulfoton (Di-Syston)     8 EC             1 pt/A 40" rows           28
  (adults)

EPN                        4 EC             1/2 - 1 1/2 pt            14

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21
  (adult corn rootworms)

ethoprop (Mocap)           6 EC             1 2/3 oz/1000        at planting
                                            ft row

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21
  (adults)

fensulfothion (Dasanit)    15 G             4 - 8 oz/1000        at planting
                                            ft row
                                            6 - 8 oz/1000        at cultivation
                                            ft row


\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pCucumber Beetles (or Southern Corn Rootworm) - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Days to
\pInsecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             7 1/2 - 10 lb        at planting
  (larvae)                                  (band)               or cultivation
                                                                 45 - harvest
                                                                 30 - grazing

malathion (adults)         5 EC             1 1/2 pt                  5

methomyl (Lannate)         1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             0 - ears
  (adults)                                                       3 - forage

methyl parathion (adults)  4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

oxydementonmethyl          2 SC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         7; 21 - 2 or
  (Meta-Systox-R)                                                more applic.
  (adults)

parathion (adults)         4 EC             3/4 pt                    12

parathion (larvae)         10 G             20 - 25 lb           at planting,
                                                                 or cultivation

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
                                                                 or cultivation

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        apply prior to
                                                                 brown silk
                                                                 stage

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting

trimethacarb (Broot)       15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row          90
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Cutworms'
\v
\v
\v
Cutworms:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           5 B              20 - 40 lb                0

carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            2 1/2 - 8 lb              0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     planting time

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 - 16oz/1000        at planting
                                            ft row

diazinon                   14 G             14 - 28 lb           preplant
  (surface and subterranean)

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           0.85 - 1.7 fl oz          21
  (western bean cutworm)

ethoprop (Mocap)           10 G             12 oz/1000 ft row    at planting
  (mod. pop. of black webworms)

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21
  (western bean)

flucythrinate (Pay-Off)    30 SC            2 - 4 oz                  60

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             10 lb (banded)       at planting
  (black cutworm)

methomyl (Lannate)         1.8 L            2 pt                 0 - ears
  (variegated)                                                   3 - forage

methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12
  (climbing)

parathion (climbing)       4 EC             3/4 pt                    12

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        7 - silage,
           (Pounce)        3.2 EC           4 - 8 oz             grazing;
                                                                 30 - grain

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
  (suppression of cutworms)

trichlorfon (Dylox, Proxol)80 SP            10 - 20 oz                0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Darkling Ground Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
Darkling Ground Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           5 B              20 - 40 lb                0
_______________________________________________________________________________
\h 2 'European Corn Borers'



European Corn Borers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4-2 1/2 lb            0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             6.7 lb               applied into
                                                                 whorls
                                            16-24 oz/1000 ft row at planting

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             6-8 oz/1000 ft row   postplant
                           4 EC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             7-14 lb (apply       do not feed to
                                            into whorls)         animals for
                                                                 10 days

EPN                        4 E              1/2 - 1 1/2 pt            14

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           2.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           10 2/3 oz                 21

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             10 lb                30 - apply
                                                                 into whorls

parathion                  4 EC             1 pt                      12

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             5 lb (over the plant)     30
  (1st brood)

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        7 - silage,
           (Pounce)        3.2 EC           4 - 8 oz             grazing;
                                                                 30 - grain
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
Fall Armyworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             7 - 14 lb in whorls  10 - fodder
                                                                 or animal
                                                                 feed

methomyl (Lannate,         1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             0 - ears
         Nudrin)           1.8 L            2 pt                 3 - forage

methoxychlor               2 EC             2 - 4 1/2 qt              7

methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

parathion                  4 EC             3/4 pt                    12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Flea Beetles'



Flea Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4-2 1/2 lb            0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             13.5 lb              preplant
  (larvae)                                                       broadcast
                                                                 incorporate
  (adults)                 4 EC             2 - 3 pt             14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             2 - 3 pt             14 - silage;
  (adults)                                                       35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21

methomyl (Lannate)         1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             0 - ears
                                                                 3 - forage

methoxychlor               2 EC             2 - 4 1/2 qt              7

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pFlea Beetles - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Days to
\pInsecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        apply prior
                                                                 to brown silk

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting or
                                                                 cultivation

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\v* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
\vsoil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
\vCarbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
\vUsers are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
\vis close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
\vwell-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
\vprovide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
\vof ground water.
\h 2 'Grasshoppers'



Grasshoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           5 B              20 - 40 lb                0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      4 F              1/4 - 1/2 pt              30

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             1/2 - 1 pt           14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

diazinon (AG500)           4 EC             1 pt                      0

dimethoate (Cygon, Defend) 4 EC             1 pt                      14

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 pt                  5

methyl parathion           4 EC             1 pt                      12

parathion                  4 EC             3/4 pt                    12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Leafhoppers'
\v
\v
\v
Leafhoppers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             16 - 24 oz/1000      planting time
                                            ft row

disulfoton (Di-Syston)     8 EC             1 pt/A 40" rows           28

oxydementonmethyl          2 SC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         7; 21 - 2 or
  (Meta-Systox-R)                                                more applic.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\v* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
\vsoil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
\vCarbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
\vUsers are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
\vis close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
\vwell-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
\vprovide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
\vof ground water.
\h 2 'Lesser Cornstalk Borers'



Lesser Cornstalk Borers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             10 - 13.33 lb/1000   planting time
                                            ft row

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 - 16 oz/1000       band at
                                            ft row               planting
                           4 E              2 - 3 pt             postemergence
                                                                 spray
                                                                 14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

diazinon                   14 G             8 1/2 - 17 oz/       banded at
                                            1000 ft row          planting or
                                                                 emergence

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             20 lb                band at
                                                                 planting

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Maize Billbugs (corn billbugs, billbugs, southern corn billbugs)'
\v
\v
\v
Maize Billbugs (corn billbugs, billbugs, southern corn billbugs):

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             16-24 oz/1000 ft row at planting

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8-16 oz/1000 ft row  banded at
                                                                 planting time
                           4 E              2 - 3 pt             14 - grazing,
                                                                 silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

fonofos (Dyfonate)         20 G             20-40 lb broadcast   preplant

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             up to 16 oz/1000     at planting
                                            ft row
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Mites'



Mites:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      4 F              2 pt                      30
  (Banks grass mite
  suppression)

carbophenothion (Trithion) 8 EC             1 pt                      21

diazinon (AG500)           4 EC             1 pt                      0

dimethoate (Cygon, Defend) 4 EC             2/3 - 1 pt                14
  (Banks grass mite,
   two-spotted mite)

disulfoton (Di-Syston)     8 EC             1 pt/A 40" rows           28

ethion  (Pacific and       8 EC             1 pt                 50 - do not
  two-spotted spider mite)                                       feed treated
                                                                 fodder

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pMites - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Days to
\pInsecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

oxydementonmethyl          2 SC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         7; 21 - 2 or
  (Meta-Systox-R)                                                more applic.

parathion                  4 EC             1 pt                      12

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             5 lb over the plant       30

propargite (Comite)        6.55 EC          2 - 3 pt                  30

sulfur (Flowable)          8 lb/gal         1 gal                     0
  (Banks grass mite)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Picnic Beetles'



Picnic Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methomyl (Lannate)         1.8 L            1 - 2 pt             0 - ear
                                                                 3 - forage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Rose Chafers (beetles)'



Rose Chafers (beetles):

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methoxychlor               2 EC             2 - 4 qt                  7
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Sap Beetles'
\v
\v
\v
Sap Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           80 WP            1 1/4 - 2 1/2 lb          0

diazinon (D.z.n.)          4 EC             2 - 2 1/2 pt +            0
                                            1 - 2 gal soluble
                                            mineral oil

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 pt                  5
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Seed Corn Beetles'



Seed Corn Beetles:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 - 16 oz/1000       at planting
                                            ft row

fensulfothion (Dasanit)    15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             7.5 - 10 lb banded   at planting

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting or
                                                                 cultivation

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Seed Corn Maggots'



Seed Corn Maggots:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     planting time

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     in furrow at
                                                                 planting

diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             14-28 lb broadcast   just prior to
                                                                 planting

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             7 1/2 - 10 lb        apply at
                                            banded               planting

\p                                    (cont'd)
\b\pSeed Corn Maggots - cont'd
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\p                                                                 Days to
\pInsecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
\p------------------------------------------------------------------------------
isofenfos (Amaze)          20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row          75

isotox Seed Treater (F)                     8 oz per 100 lb seed
  (lindane + captan)

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Silkflies'



Silkflies:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
parathion  (Niran E-4)     4 EC             1/2 pt                    12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Sowbugs'



Sowbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbaryl (Sevin)           5 B              20 - 40 lb                0

parathion                  4 EC             1/2 pt                    12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Stalk Borers'
\v
\v
\v
Stalk Borers:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             16 - 24 oz           planting time

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 EC             2 - 3 pt             14 - grazing,
                                                                 silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder

esfenvalerate (Asana)      1.9 EC           1.7 - 3.4 fl oz           21

fenvalerate (Pydrin)       2.4 EC           5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz         21

permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        apply prior
           (Pounce)        3.2 EC           4 - 8 oz             to brown silk
                                                                 stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\h 2 'Stinkbugs'



Stinkbugs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide               Formulation       Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
methyl parathion           4 EC             1/2 pt                    12

parathion                  4 EC             1 pt                      12
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Symphylans'
\v
\v
\v
Symphylans:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 - 12 oz/1000       banded
                                            ft row               preplant

diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             70 lb broadcast      preplant

ethoprop (Mocap)           6 EC             1 2/3 oz/1000        at planting
                                            ft row

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             20 - 40 lb           broadcast
                                                                 preplant

parathion                  4 EC             5 qt                 preplant
                                                                 broadcast

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 - 16 oz/1000       at planting
                                            ft row
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Thrips'



Thrips:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
disulfoton (Di-Syston)     8 EC             1 pt/A - 40" rows         28

malathion                  5 EC             1 1/2 pt                  5

oxydementonmethyl          2 EC             1 1/2 - 2 pt         7; 21 - 2 or
  (Meta-Systox-R)                                                more applic.

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Tobacco Budworms'



Tobacco Budworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
permethrin (Ambush)        2 EC             6.4 - 12.8 oz        apply prior to
                                                                 brown silk
                                                                 stage
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Webworms'
\v
\v
\v
Webworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     4 E              1 - 2 pt             14 - silage;
                                                                 35 - grain,
                                                                 fodder
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'White Grubs'



White Grubs:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     planting time
  (aids in control)

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             8 - 16 oz/1000       preplant
                                            ft row

fonofos (Dyfonate)         20 G             10 - 20 lb           broadcast at
                                                                 planting

parathion                  4 EC             3 - 4 qt             preplant
                                                                 broadcast

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting or
                                                                 cultivation

terbufos (Counter)         15 G             up to 16 oz/1000     at planting
                                            ft row
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
\b\v
\h 2 'Wireworms'
\v
\v
\v
Wireworms:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                 Days to
Insecticide                Formulation      Rate/Acre            Harvest
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
carbofuran (Furadan)*      15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     planting time

chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)     15 G             16 oz/1000 ft        at planting

diazinon (AG500)           4 EC             3 - 4 qt             preplant
                                                                 broadcast

diazinon (D.z.n.)          14 G             21 - 28 lb           preplant
                                                                 broadcast

ethoprop (Mocap)           6 EC             1 2/3 oz/1000        at planting
                                            ft row

fensulfothion (Dasanit)    15 G             8 oz/1000 ft row     at planting
                                                                 (with 40"
                                                                 spacing)

fonofos (Dyfonate)         10 G             40 lb broadcast      preplant

Isotox Seed Treater (F)                     8 oz per 100 lb seed
  (lindane + captan)

parathion                  10 G             30 - 40 lb           preplant
                                                                 broadcast

phorate (Thimet)           20 G             6 oz/1000 ft row     at planting or
                                                                 cultivation

terbofos (Counter)         15 G             up to 16 oz/1000     at planting
  (will suppress cutworm                    ft row
  and lesser cornstalk borers)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Carbofuran (Furadan) is a chemical which can travel (seep or leach) through
soil and can contaminate ground water which may be used as drinking water.
Carbofuran has been found in ground water as a result of agricultural use.
Users are advised not to apply carbofuran where the water table (ground water)
is close to the surface and where the soils are very permeable, i.e.,
well-drained soils such as loamy sands.  Your local agricultural agencies can
provide further information on the type of soil in your area and the location
of ground water.
