\m    36   12   67    2  1 'General Information'
\m    52   18    0    2  1 'Field Inspection of Cotton'
\m    84   30   80    3  1 'Description of Insect Pests'
\m    85   30  116    3  2 'Boll Weevils'
\m   124   46   82    3  2 'Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms'
\m   147   56   62    4  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   157   59   43    4  2 'Aphids'
\m   175   64  119    4  2 'Cabbage Loopers'
\m   195   71   20    5  2 'Cutworms'
\m   212   76   57    5  2 'Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs'
\m   229   81   56    5  2 'Spider Mites'
\m   248   88   44    6  2 'Thrips'
\m   264   93    4    6  2 'Whiteflies'
\m   285   98   14    7  1 'Control of Insect Pests'
\m   291   98  113    7  2 'Boll Weevils'
\m   334  115   52    8  2 'Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms'
\m   397  141   70    9  2 'Armyworms'
\m   404  142   79    9  2 'Fall Armyworms'
\m   427  152   13    9  2 'Cotton Aphids'
\m   450  160  117   10  2 'Cutworms'
\m   471  168   82   10  2 'Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs'
\m   502  180   25   11  2 'Loopers'
\m   525  189   88   11  2 'Spider Mites'
\m   557  202  114   12  2 'Thrips'
\m   585  214    0   12  2 'Whiteflies'
\m   609  224    7   13  1 'Beneficial Insects'
\t'November 1987'                                                  'IV A-'
\a                   Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
\a                   Mr. Michael Donahoe, Pest Management Agent
\a
\a                            INSECT CONTROL IN COTTON

                   Dr. Freddie Johnson, Extension Entomologist
                   Mr. Michael Donahoe, Pest Management Agent

\h 1 'General Information'
                            INSECT CONTROL IN COTTON



                              General Information

Effective and economical cotton insect control involves the integration
of many control techniques.  These techniques include using beneficial insects
and diseases and cultural practices to the fullest.  Chemical insecticides are
still the most important suppression tool but they should be used selectively
and at the proper rate and time.

Insecticide treatments should be based on thorough inspections or
scouting of the field.  To make control decisions you should TAKE RANDOM
SAMPLES THROUGHOUT THE FIELD on a regular once or twice a week basis.
\h 1 'Field Inspection of Cotton'



                           Field Inspection of Cotton

To make an inspection, carefully examine the top 3-5 inches of the main
stem terminal, including the small squares for worm eggs, small worms and
whiteflies.  Normally, 10 plants should be examined per 5 acres of field size.
A minimum of 50 plants should be examined in each field.  Beginning around
August 1 or when terminal growth has ceased, whole plant inspections should
include every square, bloom and boll from the terminal to the ground.  A
minimum of 25 plants should be examined at this time over the entire field.

To examine squares for worm or boll weevil damage, pull 100 of the larger
squares (at least one-third grown or larger) from the plants.  The squares
should be taken randomly over the entire field and in nearly equal numbers
from the top, middle, and lower portions of the plant.  Do not pick squares
that are flared.  To determine percent square damage, record the number of
boll weevil or worm-damaged squares per 100 squares examined.

Aphid and spider mite infestations can be determined by examining one
leaf from each plant inspected at random over the field.  Examine leaves that
are at least 2 to 3 inches in width.  Record the degree of infestation
according to the average number of aphids and spider mites estimated on each
leaf.

                             None -------------- 0
                            Light -------------- 1-10
                           Medium -------------- 11-25
                            Heavy -------------- 26 or more
\b\v
\h 1 'Description of Insect Pests'
\h 2 'Boll Weevils'
\v
\v
\v
                          DESCRIPTION OF INSECT PESTS


                                  Boll Weevil

The adults of the boll weevil are grayish-brown snout beetles about 0.25
inches long.  They feed on squares, bolls, and terminal buds.  Adult females
prefer to lay eggs near the base of half-grown squares, but if these are
unavailable, they utilize squares at other growth stages as well as bolls.

The immature weevil, or grub, is about 0.25 inches long and completes its
entire immature development within squares or bolls.  Boll weevils overwinter
in ground trash and leaves in well drained and protected areas.

Overwintered weevils begin emerging in early spring and continue until
mid-summer.  Control measures attempted early in the season are often futile
because of the extended emergence period.  However, if a heavy population
(250-300 adults per acre) of overwintered boll weevils occurs, make two
applications of a recommended insecticide at the minimum rate.  Make the first
application as soon as the cotton starts squaring and the second 7 to 10 days
later.

In order to estimate the number of overwintered weevils, examine plants on 50
feet of row at five different places in the field.  Multiply the total number
of adult weevils by 50 to estimate the number per acre.  Pheromone traps are
also useful in monitoring the emergence of overwintering populations.

Timing of insecticide applications and proper coverage are important
factors in obtaining satisfactory control.  Initiate a weekly scouting program
in each field when squaring begins.  The need for late season applications
depends on factors such as weather conditions, maturity of cotton, presence of
immature bolls that need protection and time of the first probable frost.
Under normal conditions, bolls are susceptible to weevil punctures until they
are about 20 days old.  Continue controls as long as the top bolls have time
to mature and open before frost.
\h 2 'Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms'



                         Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms

The cotton bollworm and the tobacco budworm are the common budworms
attacking cotton.  Bollworm adults are yellowish to brownish moths with about
a 1.5 inch wingspan.  Freshly laid eggs are pearly white, but within 24 to 36
hours a purplish-brown band appears on the upper third and eggs hatch in about
3 days.  Upon hatching, young larvae feed on the tender young foliage and
later move to the squares and bolls.  Bollworm larvae are usually about 1.5
inches long when full-grown and vary in color from green to pink or brown.
Light and dark bands extend along the back and sides.

\bGenerally, to determine this insect's presence, examine plants for eggs,
larvae, and their characteristic feeding damage.  To be effective,
insecticides must be applied before worms are more than 1/2 inch long (3 or 4
days old).  For this reason many authorities feel that twice a week scouting
is a must for successful bollworm control.  In addition to correct timing,
proper insecticide selection and complete coverage are musts for effective
control.  Normally beneficial arthropods aid in control in areas where
insecticides have not been initiated.
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'



                                 Fall Armyworms

The coloration of these caterpillars varies from light green to dark
brown.  They can generally be identified by a white inverted "Y" mark on the
front of the head.  Eggs are laid in masses on the undersides of leaves and
feeding habits of this insect are similar to the bollworm.
\h 2 'Aphids'



                                     Aphids

Cotton aphids are small, slow-moving, softbodied insects.  Winged adults
are usually dark green with black legs.  Wingless forms are generally
yellowish-green in color.

Aphids damage the plants by feeding on the sap.  Spring infestations can stunt
young cotton plants.  Near harvest time, cotton aphids may become so numerous
that the honeydew deposited on fibers reduces quality and interferes with
picking, ginning, and spinning.  Additional damage may result when sooty mold
fungus grows on the honeydew.

Many natural enemies, such as lady beetles, help keep aphids under control,
especially before insecticide applications begin.
\h 2 'Cabbage Loopers'



                                Cabbage Loopers

The larvae of the cabbage looper vary from light to dark green, generally
with a paler head.  These caterpillars have only two pairs of prolegs (fleshy
appendage) located under the mid-section of the body and they move about with
a looping gait.

Adults lay their eggs individually on leaves, mainly the underside, and other
tender plant parts.  The egg is shaped like a shallow inverted cup.

Apply controls if sufficient numbers of loopers are present to cause a
"ragging" of foliage.  Late in the season cabbage loopers can often be
found dead hanging by their hind legs from a leaf.  When many diseased loopers
are found, controls are not usually needed since the disease spreads fairly
fast.
\b\v
\h 2 'Cutworms'
\v
\v
                                    Cutworms

Cutworms are soft greasy looking caterpillars about 1-2 inches long when
fully grown.  They are mostly gray-brown or mottled on the top of their body
and lighter on their undersides.

Several species often develop into larger populations on weeds or crops,
especially legumes, and then attack cotton in adjacent fields.  Damage usually
appears following a cold, wet spring and where heavy vegetation has been
turned under.

Recommended control measures include thorough seedbed preparation, elimination
of weed host plants and use of insecticides where cutworms are found
destroying a stand.
\h 2 'Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs'



                           Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs

These insects mainly damage terminal buds and small squares.  Pinhead
squares turn brown black and are shed from the plant.

Plant bugs usually migrate to cotton from weeds and various legumes.

Adult fleahoppers are oval-shaped and about 0.13 inches long while plant bugs
are slightly larger (0.25 inches long).  Fleahoppers are light green in color
and have fine black flecking over their body.

Plant bugs range from straw-green to rather dark brown in color with a
conspicuous lighter colored diamond between the "shoulders."
\h 2 'Spider Mites'



                                  Spider Mites

These tiny pests, about 1/60 of an inch long, are sap-sucking mites that
often seriously damage cotton by feeding on the lower surface of leaves.  They
are barely visible to the naked eye and vary in color from red to reddish-
yellow or yellowish-green.  Mites cause a yellow mottled, reddish or brownish
discoloration of the foliage and severe infestations may cause leaf-shed.

Mites are particularly troublesome in dry weather and infestations
usually start around fences, trees, fields or field margins or other obstacles
in the field.  Cultural measures, such as weed and vine destruction along
field margins, may help decrease spider mite problems.  Spot treatment of
localized infestations with a recommended acaricide may also prevent a
widespread infestation later in the season.
\b\v
\h 2 'Thrips'
\v
\v
\v
                                     Thrips

These very small, slender, pale to dark colored insects are easily
identified by their narrow fringed wings.  Thrips feeding cause foliage to
have a silvery appearance and leaves become distorted, turn brown, and die.

In early spring, severe infestations can kill terminal buds and may kill the
seedlings out right.  However, healthy plants ordinarily recover from thrips
injury without the aid of an insecticide.

Research data indicates that thrips control has not resulted in increased
yields in certain states.
\h 2 'Whiteflies'



                                   Whiteflies

Whitefly adults are about 0.06 inches long and resemble tiny white moths.

Wingless, immature whiteflies are about 0.04 inches long and are attached to
the undersides of the leaf and look like little oval caps surrounded by waxy
fringes.

Large numbers of these adult insects are frequently seen on the lower surface
of cotton leaves.

The immatures damage cotton by sucking sap from plants and secreting honeydew
on which sooty mold grows and stains the lint.

Heavy whitefly feeding reduces plant vigor, causes premature defoliation, and
reduces yields.
\b\v
\h 1 'Control of Insect Pests'
\v
\v
\v
                            CONTROL OF INSECT PESTS

\h 2 'Boll Weevils'
                                  Boll Weevils


E = emulsifiable concentrate;  F = flowable;  G = granules;  L = liquid;
SP = soluble powder
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN-SEASON:

Azodrin            0.6   -  1.0      1   - 1 3/5 pt 5E       8   -  5
Guthion            0.25  -  0.5      1   - 2 pt 2 E          8   -  4
EPN + Methyl       0.25  -  0.5
 parathion       + 0.25  -  0.5      2/3 - 1 1/3 pt 3-3#     12  -  6
Malathion          1.25  -  2.5      2   - 4 pt 5 E          4   -  2
Methyl parathion   0.25  -  0.5      1/2 - 1 pt 4 E          16  -  8
Penncap-M          0.25  -  0.5      1   - 2 pt 2 E          8   -  4

   WHEN TO TREAT:  After first bloom, make 4 applications 4 to 5 days apart
   when square damage exceeds 10%.  Under heavy weevil pressure, increase
   insecticide dosage and shorten the interval between sprays to 3-4 days.

   NOTES:  The pyrethroids (Ambush, Ammo, Cymbush, Payoff, Pounce, Pydrin and
   Scout) will control light to moderate infestations of weevils but you may
   have to close spray intervals to 3-5 days or come in with phosphate
   insecticides between their applications.


DIAPAUSING BOLL WEEVILS:

Guthion            0.25              1 pt 2 E                8
Malathion          1.2               1 qt 5 E                4
Methyl parathion   0.5               1 pt 4 E                8

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Apply insecticides at 10 to 14 day intervals after regular
   season treatments until stalks are cut or a killing frost occurs.
   DESTROY STALKS IMMEDIATELY AFTER HARVEST!
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms'
\v
\v
\v
                         Bollworms and Tobacco Budworms

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Azodrin            0.6   -  1.0      1   - 1 3/5 pt 5 E      8   -  5
Bacillus           see label for rates and instructions
  (Javelin)**
Bolstar            0.75  -  1.5      1   - 2 pt 6 E          8   -  4
Curacron           0.75  -  1.0      1   - 1 1/3 pt 6 E      8   -  6
Cypermethrin       0.04  -  0.08     2   - 4 oz 2.5 E        62  -  31
  (Ammo)
Cypermethrin       0.04  -  0.08     1.7 - 3.4 oz 3E         75  -  38
  (Cymbush)
EPN +              0.5   -  1.0 +
 Methyl parathion  0.5   -  1.0      1 1/3 - 2 2/3 pt 3-3E   6   -  3
esfenvalerate      0.03  -  0.05     2 - 3 1/3 fl oz 1.9 EC  63  -  38
  (Asana)
fenvalerate        0.1   -  0.2      5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz 2.4E  24  -  12
  (Pydrin)
fluvalinate        0.055 -  0.10     3.6 - 6.4 oz 2E         36  -  20
  (Mavrik)
Larvin             0.6   -  0.9      1 1/2 - 2 1/4 pt 3.2 F  5.3 -  3.6
Methomyl (Lannate)*
  (Nudrin)*        0.45  -  0.67     2   - 3 pt 1.8 L        4   -  2.7
Orthene            1.0   1 1/3 lb 75 SP                      0.75
Payoff             0.04  -  0.08     2   - 4 oz 2.5 E        62  -  31
Permethrin (Ambush)0.1   -  0.2      0.4 - 0.8 pt 2 E        20  -  10
  (Pounce)         0.1   -  0.2      4   - 8 oz 3.2 E        32  -  16
Pydrin             0.1   -  0.2      5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz 2.4 E 24  -  12
Scout              0.015 -  0.019    6.4 - 8 oz 0.3 E        20  -  16

Lorsban 4E at 0.5 lb (1 pt) per acre used in combination with 1/2 the standard
rate of a pyrethroid used alone has given satisfactory results in most cases.

   WHEN TO TREAT:  In previously UNTREATED FIELDS apply a recommended
   insecticide when an average of 10 small larvae per 100 plants are present
   or 10% of squares are damaged.  In previously TREATED FIELDS apply a
   recommended insecticide when an average of 5 small larvae per 100 plants
   are present or when 5% of squares are damaged.  NOTE:  Read all labels
   carefully before application.

Ovicides:
Chlordimeform      0.125 -  0.25     1/4 - 1/2 pt 4 E        32  -  16
 (Fundal, Galecrom)
Methomyl           0.125             1/2 pt 1.8 L            14.4
 (Lannate, Nudrin)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Methomyl may be phytotoxic to cotton under stress.  Use in late season and do
not exceed 3 applications, applied a minimum of 10 days apart.
**For the suppression of light to moderate infestations, apply at first sign of
egg laying or newly hatched worms (1st and 2nd instar larvae).  Reapply as
necessary under a pest management program that includes close scouting.  If
heavy worm populations occur, it may be necessary to apply an insecticide with
rapid knockdown and good larvicidal activity as a replacement.
\b\v
\h 2 'Armyworms'
\v
\v
\v
                                   Armyworms

Bacillus (Javelin) - see label for rates and instructions
\h 2 'Fall Armyworms'



                                 Fall Armyworms

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bolstar            0.75  -  1.5      1   - 2 pt 6 E          8   -  4
Larvin             0.6   -  0.9      1 1/2 - 2 1/4 pt 3.2 F  5.3 -  3.6
Lorsban            0.7   -  1.0      1 2/5 - 2 pt 4 E        5.7 -  4
Methomyl           0.3   -  0.45     1 1/3 - 2 pt 1.8 L      6   -  4
 (Lannate, Nudrin)*
Orthene            1.0               1 1/3 lb 75 SP          0.75

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Treat when 5 or more larvae per 100 stalks are found.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Methomyl may be phytotoxic to cotton under stress.  Use in late season and do
not exceed 3 applications applied a minimum of 10 days apart.
\h 2 'Cotton Aphids'



                                 Cotton Aphids

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bidrin             0.2               3.2 oz 8 E              40
Dimethoate         0.2               2/5 pt 4 E              20
 (Cygon, Defend)
Lorsban            0.25  -  0.5      1/2 - 1 pt 4 E          16  -  8
Malathion          0.5   -  1.25     4/5 - 2 pt 5 E          10  -  4
Parathion          0.25              1/2 pt 4 E              16

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Apply controls when leaves appear sticky and heavy
   infestation develops.  Make one application and repeat when necessary.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Cutworms'
\v
\v
\v
                                    Cutworms

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
esfenvalerate      0.03  -  0.05     2 - 3 1/3 fl oz 1.9 EC  63  -  38
  (Asana)
fenvalerate        0.1   -  0.2      5 1/3 - 10 2/3 oz 2.4E  24  -  12
  (Pydrin)
Lorsban            1.0               2 pt 4 E                4

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Control when worms are found destroying a stand.  Cover
   plants and surface of ground along rows with insecticide.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs'



                           Fleahoppers and Plant Bugs

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bidrin             0.1   -  0.2      1.6 - 3.2 oz 8 E        80  -  40
Dimethoate         0.125 -  0.25     1/4 - 1/2 pt 4 E        32  -  16
 (Cygon, Defend)
Lorsban            0.2   -  0.5      2/5 - 1 pt 4E           20  -  8
Orthene            0.37              1/2 lb 75 SP            2
Trichlorfon        1.0   -  1.5      20  - 30 oz 80 SP       2
 (Dylox, Proxol)
 (Plant Bugs)
Trichlorfon        0.25  -  0.1      5   - 20 oz 80 SP       3.2 -  0.8
 (Dylox, Proxol)
 (Fleahoppers)

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Make 1 or more applications when 1 adult or nymph is found
   per row foot before bloom.  If pinhead square set is less than 75%, treat
   when 1 adult nymph is found per 2 row feet.  After first bloom, cotton that
   is not squaring normally should be treated if 30 or more are found per 100
   terminals.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Loopers'
\v
\v
                                    Loopers

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bacillus           see label for rates and instructions
  (Javelin)
Larvin             0.6   -  0.9      1 1/2 - 2 1/4 pt 3.2F   5.3 -  3.6
Monitor            0.5   -  1.0      1   - 2 pt 4 E          8   -  4
Permethrin (Ambush)0.1   -  0.2      0.4 - 0.8 pt 2 E        20  -  10
  (Pounce)         0.1   -  0.2      4   - 8 oz 3.2 E        32  -  16
Orthene            1.0               1 1/3 lb 75 SP          0.75

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Economic damage seldom occurs; however if chemical control
   is necessary, loopers could be controlled when they are small.  Follow
   label directions.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Spider Mites'



                                  Spider Mites

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Azodrin            0.6   -  1.0      1   - 1 3/5 pt 5 E      8   -  5
Comite             1.0   -  1.6      1 1/5 - 2 pt 6.5 E      6.5 -  4
Lorsban            0.5   -  1.0      1   - 2 pt 4 E          8   -  4
Monitor            0.5   -  1.0      1   - 2 pt 4 E          8   -  4
Supracide          1.0               2 qt 2 E                2

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Foliar treatment - treatment around field edges when mites
   first appear may prevent heavy infestation later.  Treat entire field when
   leaves begin to redden and medium infestation occurs.  Two or more
   applications at 5 to 7 day intervals may be needed.

Di-Syston          0.6   -  0.75     4   - 5 lb 15 G         0.25 - 0.2
Temik              0.6               4 lb 15 G               0.25
Thimet             0.5   -  0.75     2 1/2 - 3 3/4 lb 20 G   0.4 -  0.27

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Systemic granular insecticides may be applied in soil at
   planting.  Caution:  Thimet and Di-Syston applied with Karmex or Cotoran
   may interact and cause serious injury to young cotton.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 2 'Thrips'
\v
\v
\v
                                     Thrips

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bidrin             0.2               1/5 pt 8 E              40
Dimethoate         0.2               2/5 pt 4 E              20
 (Cygon, Defend)
Orthene            0.1875            1/4 lb 75 SP            4

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Apply spray when 1 or more thrips per plant are present
   when cotton comes to a stand.  Repeat treatment in 7 to 10 days if needed.

Di-Syston          0.6   -  0.75     4   - 5 lb 15 G         0.25 - 0.2
Temik              0.3   -  0.52     2   - 3 1/2 lb 15 G     0.5 -  0.28
Thimet             0.5   -  0.75     2 1/2 - 3 3/4 lb 20 G   0.4 -  0.27

   WHEN TO TREAT:  Systemic granular insecticides may be applied in soil at
   planting.  Caution:  Thimet and Di-Syston applied with Karmex or Cotoran
   may interact and cause serious injury to young cotton.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\h 2 'Whiteflies'



                                   Whiteflies

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                   Pounds Active     Approx. Amount        Acres Treated
                   Ingredient Per    of Formulation        Per Gallon or
                   Acre              Per Acre              Pound SP or G
Insecticide        (Min.)   (Max.)   (Min.) (Max.)         (Min.)   (Max.)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Azodrin            0.25  -  1.0      2/5 - 1 3/5 pt 5 E      20  -  5
Monitor            0.25  -  0.5      1/2 - 1 pt 4 E          16  -  8
Orthene            0.5   -  1.0      2/3 - 1 1/3 lb 75 SP    1.5 -  0.75
Supracide          0.25  -  0.5      1   - 2 pt 2E           8   -  4

   WHEN TO TREAT:  For active growing cotton treat when 50% or more of the
   plant terminals have clusters of whiteflies on them.  Two or three
   applications at 5-day intervals are usually needed to bring an infestation
   under control.  For mature or stressed cotton make 2 applications 5 days
   apart when honeydew is accumulating and sooty mold appears on leaves.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\b\v
\h 1 'Beneficial Insects'
\v
\v
\v
                               Beneficial Insects

Beneficials as well as fleahoppers and plant bugs can be sampled by shaking
plants over a 3-foot-long shake cloth.

Place the shake cloth between the rows and shake an armful of plants (approx.
18") on each row over the cloth.

Quickly count both the adult and immature plant bugs.  You have now sampled 3
row-feet.

Take one sample for each 5 acres in the field with a minimum of four samples
per field.

Calculate the average number of insects per row-foot by dividing the total
number of insects by the total number of row-feet samples.

A few important beneficials are:  Big-Eyed Bug, Green Lynx Spider and Damsel
Bug.
