==================================HSR23==================================
23. We are looking for articles relating to central skills and
knowledge that are lacking (re: preventive medicine skill and
knowledge in general) currently in physician practice. Key
categories/terms are areas of: preventive medicine; community
medicine; social and environmental medicine; epidemiology;
biostatistics; physician education; continuing medical education;
*disease prevention/health promotion; *educational objectives for
M .D.'s in disease prevention/health promotion.
We would use this data to compile a list of subjects that need to
be covered and create the necessary curricula to cover these subjects
in medical school.
1
UI - 87083120
AU - Curry RH
TI - Health policy implications of health promotion and disease prevention for
allied health.
AB - Regardless of the direction health policies in this country may take,
allied health professionals seem uniquely positioned to meet the health
promotion needs of a variety of clients, such as patients, families,
other providers, employees, and members of communities. If allied health
professionals choose to respond to health promotion as an area of
clinical expertise, they will have to accept the challenge presented by
the numerous complex issues associated with implementing a new
discipline. However, the successful application of energy and resources
to resolving these problems would allow allied health professionals to
provide significant interventions in meeting national health goals. This
article reviews the history of health promotion in the United States,
discusses current practices in health promotion, and suggests some future
trends.
MH - Allied Health Personnel/*EDUCATION ; Clinical Competence ; Education,
Continuing ; *Health Policy ; *Health Promotion ; Human ; *Primary
Prevention ; United States
SO - J Allied Health 1986 Nov;15(4):339-47
2
UI - 87083119
AU - Bunker JF ; Parcel GS ; Phillips BU ; Simons-Morton D
TI - Curricular implications of health promotion and disease prevention in
allied health education.
AB - Several recent articles have addressed the role of allied health
professionals in health promotion and disease prevention (HP/DP). The
consensus is that allied health professionals are on the threshold of
making major contributions to the HP/DP initiative. The focus of these
contributions usually centers on the role of allied health professionals
in clinical settings and the traditional medical-model emphasis on direct
patient contact. In addition, there is discussion of the programmatic
changes that will be required to meet the challenge of integrating health
promotion concepts, knowledge, and skills into current professional
curricula. The purpose of this paper is to examine critically the
rationale behind providing HP/DP education for allied health
professionals and to discuss the implications of such education for
professional preparation programs.
MH - Allied Health Personnel/*EDUCATION ; *Curriculum ; Health Promotion/
*EDUCATION ; Human ; Primary Prevention/*EDUCATION ; Programmed
Instruction ; Role ; United States
SO - J Allied Health 1986 Nov;15(4):329-37
3
UI - 87083112
AU - McTernan EJ ; Rice NC
TI - An overview of the role of allied health professionals in the health
promotion and disease prevention movement.
AB - This article presents an overview of the current and potential role of
allied health professions in the health promotion and disease prevention
movement. It provides a brief description of the history and evolution of
this movement and highlights some of the steps that have been taken to
involve allied health in this area. In addition, it outlines some of the
national and regional initiatives that allied health educational
institutions and professional organizations have implemented to integrate
health promotion and disease prevention into their policies and
practices.
MH - Allied Health Personnel/*EDUCATION ; Curriculum ; Health Promotion/
*MANPOWER ; Human ; Preventive Health Services/*MANPOWER ; United States
SO - J Allied Health 1986 Nov;15(4):289-92
4
UI - 87073636
AU - Rider BA ; White VK
TI - Occupational therapy education in health promotion and disease
prevention.
AB - Educational experiences and didactic materials on health promotion are
necessary for occupational therapists to remain current in the
profession. This paper reviews health promotion learning experiences to
determine the "state of the art: in this important area. It was found
that few papers or workshops have been given at recent AOTA Annual
Conferences; five universities received Allied Health Grants, which
included occupational therapists, to develop health promotion learning
materials; and occupational therapy educational curricula for the most
part do include something on health promotion. The AOTA Special Interest
Sections have shown interest in health promotion.
MH - Curriculum ; Education, Continuing ; Health Education/METHODS/
ORGANIZATION & ADMIN. ; *Health Promotion ; *Occupational Health Services
; Occupational Therapy/*EDUCATION ; Training Support
SO - Am J Occup Ther 1986 Nov;40(11):781-3
5
UI - 87068207
AU - Gould JB ; Frerichs RR
TI - Training faculty in Bangladesh to use a microcomputer for public health:
followup report.
AB - In 1984 the Western Consortium for the Health Professions, Inc., under
contract to the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA),
began a project to assist Bangladesh's National Institute for Preventive
and Social Medicine (NIPSOM) in establishing a microcomputing capability.
The project's goal was to enable NIPSOM to become self-sufficient in the
analysis by microcomputer of health, population, and family planning
data; program evaluation; and policy activities. Lack of a local
microcomputer infrastructure demanded that a local team of experts be
developed to run the system described in a previous report. Five NIPSOM
faculty members--three of whom had taken the workshop held when the
system was first installed--were assigned to a computer committee, which
was responsible for the computer's well-being. Six months after the
microcomputer system was installed, a second 2-week workshop was given.
The consortium's consultant facilitated the development of a basic
microcomputer course, which was taught by four members of the computer
committee to an additional eight NIPSOM faculty members. Emphasis was
placed on developing local self-reliance and the need to overcome
obstacles imposed by the lack of local hardware and software support
systems. A strategy is proposed for the successful introduction of
microcomputers in developing countries.
MH - Bangladesh ; *Computer Literacy ; *Computer User Training ; Education,
Medical, Continuing ; *Faculty, Medical ; Human ; Microcomputers ; Social
Medicine/*EDUCATION ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
SO - Public Health Rep 1986 Nov-Dec;101(6):616-23
6
UI - 87042926
AU - Connor LH ; Higginbotham N
TI - An integrated sociocultural curriculum for community medicine in Bali,
Indonesia.
AB - Since 1983, social scientists have collaborated with teaching staff at
the Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia, to develop
an integrated sociocultural curriculum for undergraduate students in
community health. The Udayana curriculum is discussed in the context of
an international commitment over the last two decades to appropriate
education for primary health care and community health in developing
countries. The authors describe their work as consultants with Udayana
staff. Participants formulated a five-stage project of curriculum
development and community health research that could be continued as part
of an ongoing community medicine teaching program. Recommendations for
integrating social science perspectives within medical domains are
outlined, based on the project experience. The paper also discusses the
undertaking as a 'development project' suggesting that many of the issues
and problems that arose are common to bureaucratic institutions in Third
World countries when development projects are initiated.
MH - Community Medicine/*EDUCATION ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Curriculum ;
*Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Faculty, Medical ; Human ; Indonesia
; Rural Health ; Social Sciences/EDUCATION
SO - Soc Sci Med 1986;23(7):673-82
7
UI - 87040038
AU - Wagner MG
TI - Whither goest nutrition?
AB - Three aspects of nutrition are identified. They are food, its production
and availability, eating, human metabolism. Nutrition is multifactorial.
Medical men are not taught about nutrition. They are concerned with
illness, not health. Science, caught up in a Cartesian dichotomy, is
hampered by a reductionist approach. The World Health Organisation
recommends that nutrition should be approached from the standpoint of
health promotion. The implications of such an approach are expounded.
MH - Education, Medical ; Female ; Fetal Growth Retardation/PREVENTION &
CONTROL ; Health Promotion ; Human ; *Nutrition/EDUCATION ; Pregnancy ;
Public Health ; Research
SO - Nutr Health 1986;4(3):135-40
8
UI - 87035404
AU - Elwood JM ; Pearson JC ; Madeley RJ ; Logan RF ; Beaver MW ; Gillies PA ;
Little J ; Langham A
TI - Research in epidemiology and community health in the medical curriculum:
students' opinions of the Nottingham experience.
AB - Medical students in Nottingham all complete an honours Bachelor of
Medical Sciences course in one department including a research project.
The honours programme in community health is described, with results from
a survey of the 122 graduates since the medical school started. The 98
(80%) responses showed high levels of satisfaction and gain from the
programme, the great majority regarding the course as valuable,
enjoyable, and giving both research skills and skills in interpersonal
relationships.
MH - Attitude to Health ; Community Medicine/*EDUCATION ; Curriculum ;
*Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; England ; Epidemiology/*EDUCATION ;
Human ; *Research ; Students, Medical/*PSYCHOLOGY
SO - J Epidemiol Community Health 1986 Sep;40(3):232-5
9
UI - 87035268
AU - Pace NL
TI - Learning statistical methods.
AB - Since at least 1951 anesthesia journals have called for a more rigorous
application of statistical methods in research reports. This appeal for
statistical excellence actually applies to the researcher, to the
clinician journal reader, and to the editor. Thirty five years ago the
obligations of these three groups was made clear in an unsigned editorial
in Anesthesiology; there is now a widespread consensus on these
responsibilities. The researcher must create valid science. The clinician
reader must bring sufficient intellectual skills to understand a journal
article; using these skills the reader must critique the research report
to judge its applicability to his patients. The editor must decline
manuscripts showing poor or absent application of the scientific method,
experimental design, and statistical analysis. Though the editors
continue to exhort further improvements, even a casual perusal of their
journals demonstrates a tremendous improvement in the handling of numeric
data over the last four decades. With the increasing sophistication of
statistical methods in journals, the reader must continue to expand his
statistical understanding. In this short review, a few highlights of
statistical methods useful either in planning and accomplishing a
research project or in reading a research report will be discussed; these
include the planning of a study design, data collection, data analysis,
and interpretation of the research. Comments about using these concepts
to better understand a research article will be included. Also included
will be an annotated reading list for further study and reference.
Mathematical formulas have been avoided as much as possible. Actual use
of statistics requires use of equations which can be found in the books
of the reading list.
MH - *Biometry ; Data Collection ; Education, Medical ; Research Design ;
Software
SO - Int J Clin Monit Comput 1986;3(1):3-10
10
UI - 87024703
AU - Polnay L ; More EJ
TI - General professional training in community child health.
AB - A scheme providing general professional training for doctors in community
child health is described. The scheme covers three years and gives broad
clinical experience in general hospital paediatrics, community
paediatrics, psychiatry, and general practice. The aims of the scheme and
service needs and future structure for our trainees are discussed.
MH - Community Medicine/*EDUCATION ; *Education, Medical, Graduate ; Family
Practice/EDUCATION ; Great Britain ; Pediatrics/*EDUCATION ; Psychiatry/
EDUCATION
SO - Arch Dis Child 1986 Sep;61(9):917-20
11
UI - 87016805
AU - Scott CS ; Greig LM ; Neighbor WE
TI - Curricular influences on preventive-care attitudes.
AB - Attitudes are one of the most important outcomes of medical education,
but little is known about curricular influences on specific attitudes.
This study examined changes in attitudes toward 20 preventive-care
services in a cohort of 175 medical students. Specifically, a cohort of
medical students was followed over a 30-month interval that spanned the
period from medical school entry through the first 6 months of clinical
clerkships. Perceived importance, as well as student confidence in the
ability of primary-care physicians to provide 20 preventive-care
services, was examined. Importance ratings for preventive-care services
remained stable, while levels of confidence in the ability of physicians
to provide the services increased. Implications of the results are
discussed in relation to the possibilities for emphasizing disease
prevention content in medical education.
MH - *Attitude to Health ; *Curriculum ; Human ; Preventive Medicine/
*EDUCATION ; Students, Medical/*PSYCHOLOGY
SO - Prev Med 1986 Jul;15(4):422-31
12
UI - 87014161
AU - Disler PB ; Hoffman MN ; Klopper JM ; Epstein LM
TI - Community health service planning in the education of medical students.
AB - Few medical students gain practical experience in practical epidemiology
during their undergraduate years or understand how this science is a
prerequisite to decision-making in the health services. In an attempt to
overcome this deficit a group of clinical students was asked to measure
the incidence of cerebrovascular disease in the Cape Peninsula over a
relatively short period in order that rehabilitation facilities could be
planned for affected patients. The exercise proved extremely fruitful for
both the staff and the students. For the latter it not only met the
objectives outlined above but also forced them to enter the community and
so gain a perspective of all health services provided. We suggest that
this technique, which can be applied to many topics, is a useful way of
introducing students to these important concepts.
MH - Cerebrovascular Disorders/OCCURRENCE ; Community Health Services ;
*Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Epidemiology/EDUCATION ; Female ;
*Health Planning ; Human ; Male ; South Africa ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
SO - Med Educ 1986 Sep;20(5):444-8
13
UI - 86261181
AU - Knutsen SF ; Johnsen R ; Forsdahl A
TI - Practical training of medical students in community medicine. Eight years
experience from the University of Troms:.
AB - From its beginning, the Medical School at the University of Troms: aimed
at obtaining a better balance between clinical medicine, basic science
and community medicine in its curriculum. This was obtained by using the
integrated model for teaching, having a separate study-block for
community medicine, incorporating field work in local hospitals and with
district doctors and requiring the students to write a scientific paper
before qualifying. The 8-week field training with a district doctor
started in 1978. Evaluations from these eight years have been analysed
and show that students, during these eight weeks, are involved in many
aspects of family- and community medicine. The programme has been given
positive evaluations from both students and teachers. We conclude that
the field training given to medical students in Troms: is an efficient
way of preparing the medical students for future clinical work both
inside and outside institutions.
MH - *Clinical Clerkship ; Community Medicine/*EDUCATION ; *Education,
Medical, Undergraduate ; Educational Measurement ; Family Practice/
*EDUCATION ; Human ; Norway
SO - Scand J Prim Health Care 1986 May;4(2):109-14
14
UI - 86234950
AU - Bland JM
TI - Computer simulation of a clinical trial as an aid to teaching the concept
of statistical significance.
AB - The advent of cheap and powerful microcomputers provides opportunities
for improving the teaching of statistics in medicine. This paper
describes a practical exercise in which students study the concept of
statistical significance using a simple computer program which simulates
a clinical trial. The students are required to make decisions about
patients with incomplete data and form contingency tables for analysis.
This includes analysing contingency tables with several cells having
small expected frequencies. The results from 25 groups of students are
collected together and presented to the class. Two null hypotheses are
tested, one of which is true. For the true null hypothesis the group is
likely to produce, by chance, at least one significant result at the 0.05
level. For the false null hypothesis only a minority of results will be
significant, because the sample size is small. This leads to a discussion
of the concept of statistical significance. The simulation model is
described and the advantages and potential of this type of teaching are
discussed.
MH - *Biometry ; *Clinical Trials ; *Computer Assisted Instruction ;
Education, Medical, Graduate ; Human ; Microcomputers ; Software
SO - Stat Med 1986 Mar-Apr;5(2):193-7
15
UI - 86200097
AU - Lynch GR ; Prout MN
TI - Screening for cancer by residents in an internal medicine program.
AB - A study was conducted by the authors to explore screening for cancer by
internal medicine residents in a primary care clinic. The charts of 151
patients over 40 years of age followed by residents in the outpatient
clinic of an innercity hospital were reviewed for documentation of
screening on initial evaluation or on follow-up within 12 months of the
initial visit. The residents were unaware of the chart review, and cancer
screening had received no special emphasis in their training program.
Screening was more frequently performed on male patients than female
patients: smoking history (61 percent of males, 34 percent of females);
alcohol history (64 percent of males, 26 percent of females);
occupational history (48 percent of males, 15 percent of females); and
testing for hidden blood in stools (73 percent of males, 41 percent of
females). Breast examination and Pap smears were done on 33 percent and
29 percent of the women patients, respectively, with women residents
performing them slightly more frequently than male residents. This low
rate of cancer risk screening suggests the need for intensive education
of residents on the potential for cancer prevention through early
detection.
MH - Adult ; Canada ; Female ; Human ; Internal Medicine/*EDUCATION ;
*Internship and Residency ; Male ; *Mass Screening ; Neoplasms/
*PREVENTION & CONTROL ; Preventive Medicine ; United States
SO - J Med Educ 1986 May;61(5):387-93
16
UI - 86167746
AU - Arlton D
TI - A paying health promotion clinic: combining client services and student
learning.
AB - Major societal changes over the past two decades have created the need
for competent health care professionals able to provide high quality
health care in a rapidly changing, highly technical society. To meet this
goal, the University of Northern Colorado College of Health and Human
Services prepares graduates in a unique multidisciplinary health
promotion clinic. Department chairs along with clinic and faculty
coordinators manage student-learning and client-service activities in
this 9,000-square-foot, on-campus clinic. Income is generated through
third-party payments and client fees from programs in nursing, nutrition,
communication disorders, human rehabilitative services, and community
health. Problems encountered in developing this clinic included staffing,
physician consultation, fee assessment, faculty hesitancy, and health
care competition. Positive outcomes were a more autonomous professional
identity for students, clinic practice and research opportunities for
faculty, and health promotion care for selected client groups.
MH - Allied Health Personnel/*EDUCATION ; Ambulatory Care Facilities/*MANPOWER
; *Clinical Clerkship ; Colorado ; Consumer Satisfaction ; *Education,
Medical, Undergraduate ; Health Promotion/*MANPOWER ; Human ; Insurance,
Health, Reimbursement ; *Patient Care Team
SO - J Allied Health 1986 Feb;15(1):3-10
17
UI - 86139138
AU - Lichter ML ; Arens PL ; Reinstein N ; Simonds SK ; Heeringa SG
TI - Oakwood Hospital needs assessment for community health promotion.
AB - A survey was conducted to determine community health concerns, interests,
and perceived health needs. The survey data were used in the selection of
health promotion interventions. An index of Concern/Information
Need/Participation Willingness (CIP) was developed as a model for
planning, implementing, marketing, and evaluating programs.
MH - Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to
Health ; Catchment Area (Health) ; Comparative Study ; Curriculum ;
*Health Education ; *Health Promotion ; *Health Services Needs and Demand
; *Health Services Research ; Health Status ; Hospital Bed Capacity, 500
and over ; *Hospitals, Community ; Human ; Michigan ; Middle Age ;
Planning Technics ; Questionnaires ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
SO - Health Care Manage Rev 1986 Winter;11(1):73-88
18
UI - 86086881
AU - Parks SC ; Moody DL
TI - Marketing: a survival tool for dietetic professionals in the 1990s.
AB - There is little question among members of the profession that
practitioners are faced with crucial survival issues in this decade and
the next. Approaching a maturing profession with static strategies will
limit the profession's future growth. Consumers want to make decisions
for themselves and to be provided with options. That phenomenon could
change the very fabric of "professionalism: and, in turn, if dietetic
professionals fail to change their strategies, could result in an
advantage for nutrition competitors vs. those professionals. Dietitians
as a whole must look to such disciplines as economics, the social
sciences, and marketing for answers to their survival problems.
Dietitians must encourage growth and innovation in order to sustain the
demand for professional services. In that endeavor, the authors argue
that marketing is clearly an essential tool needed to enhance the
profession and to work within the dynamics of the marketplace.
MH - Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to Health ; Consumer Satisfaction
; Delivery of Health Care/ECONOMICS ; Dietetics/*TRENDS ; Health
Facilities/ECONOMICS/TRENDS ; Health Promotion ; Life Style ; *Marketing
of Health Services ; Nutrition ; Professional Competence
SO - J Am Diet Assoc 1986 Jan;86(1):33-6
19
UI - 86078999
AU - Strasberg SM
TI - So you wanted to do surgery and they keep talking about research: a
discussion for the surgical resident and intern.
AB - Surgical residents and interns frequently misunderstand the relation
between surgery and research, and the contribution of surgical research
to clinical practice. The problem is that the effects of research must be
viewed in the long term. Once the resident can do this, the importance of
research to surgery is evident and surgical research can be seen for what
it is, the growing surface of surgery. Training to do surgical research
has many parallels with clinical training. A core-training period in
investigation provides the resident with the right mental approaches to
investigation so that training in a specific area of research may be done
later. Surgical scientists must be excellent clinicians as well as
scientists and so long training periods are required. Four years of
clinical practice training and 3 of research training are probably ideal.
Shorter periods of research training may be valuable for many surgical
residents, particularly those who have had little research experience.
Training should be tailored to the trainee's desired role in surgery.
MH - Canada ; Curriculum ; Epidemiology/EDUCATION ; Human ; Internship and
Residency ; Models, Theoretical ; Research/*METHODS ; Surgery/*EDUCATION
; Technology ; Time Factors
SO - Can J Surg 1986 Jan;29(1):64-8