Y009037 1
1968447 5W5189
The Spanish Municipal Social Service Center as the Basic Provider of Services
Kelley, Joseph B.
San Diego State U, CA 92182
Administration in Social Work 1984, 8, 4, winter, 93-96. CODEN: ASWODB
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A case study of the decentralization of social services to regional areas in Spain, based on evidence from the program offered in Barcelona by the region of Cataluna. All available social services are offered under a single public entity at the municipal level. In cases where individuals or families have more than one type of need, a generalist social worker or designated specialist social worker carries total responsibility. All workers are involved in community organization, seen as an integral part of the program, as a means for residents to meet community needs & to participate in planning social services for the area. Modified Author Summary
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Spain, Spanish (439150)
Ident.: social services decentralization, Barcelona, Spain;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 2
1968426 85W5168
An Alternative Tradition in Social Work: Bertha Capen Reynolds, 1885-1978
Cullen, Yvonne Taylor
U Sydney, New South Wales 2006 Australia
Catalyst (US) 1983, 4, 3 (15), 55-73. CODEN: CTLSDV
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
The life & work of Bertha Capen Reynolds (1885-1978) exemplify an alternative to conventional, conservative social work methods. Reynolds was skeptical about the professionalization of social work, & sought to give social work clients an active rather than passive role. She saw social work as needing a dual focus: the individual & the sociopolitical forces that cause personal suffering. She was aware of the class struggle & stressed the need for social workers to take it into account. Forced out of her profession by anticommunism, she turned to recording the history of social work & to stating her position on political issues. Her work has now begun to gain recognition as a prototype for socialist practice in social work. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Social work (433700)
Ident.: social work methods, Berta Capen Reynolds;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 3
1968384 85W5126
Toward a Continuum of Services for the Elderly
Morris, Robert
Florence Heller Graduate School Advanced Studies Social Welfare Brandeis U, Waltham MA 02254
Jrnl of Visual Impairment and Blindness 1981, 75, 3, Mar, 126-130.
CODEN: JVIBDM
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An examination of the existing system of providing health & social services to the US's elderly population concludes that, in the next few decades, much will have to be done to smooth out the continuum of services provided to this ever-increasing group. Five alternative approaches are suggested to achieve this goal: (1) deprofessionalization of some tasks in human service agencies, (2) alteration of the existing service mechanisms & systems, (3) major reconstruction of the existing system, (4) better preparation for retirement, & (5) improving the linkage between professionals & between agencies. 2 References. HA
Desc.: US, US (477200); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733) Health care (208100); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: US elderly's health/social service continuum;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 4
1968336 85W5078
Purchase of Service: Forging Public-Private Partnerships in the Human Services
Gibelman, Margaret; Demon, Harold W., Jr.
The Urban and Social Change Review 1983, 16, 1, winter, 21-26. CODEN: USCRB2
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
In response to the decreasing public funding of social services in the US, a model for forging public-private relationships, through purchase of services arrangements, to provide human services is presented. Under this arrangement private agencies are contracted by government agencies, which will increasingly find themselves referring patients rather than treating them. Future prospects for a viable partnership are outlined, following a review of the historical aspects of public-private linkages in human services, & delineation of examples of contractual interactions between the two. Fiscally, public-private partnerships may prove to be the most realistic alternative for promoting the use of scarce resources, while politically they are a necessity. Data on the success of existing partnerships do not exist or are inconclusive, & the role each sector will play demands clarification. 27 References. W. Adams
Desc.: Human Services (217120); Public service, Public services (363150); Business, Businesses (068000)
Ident.: public-private human services provision model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-private sector and/or public sector activities; (6130)

Y009037 5
1968315 85W5057
Ethnic and Cultural Variations in the Care of the Aged
Contributor (s): Cacciola, Eugene J.; Lightfoot, Orlando B.; Baker, F. M. Delgado, Melvin; Rizzuto, Ana-Maria; Szapocznik, Jose; Kurtines, William M.; Santisteban, David; Perez-Vidal, Angel
Jrnl of Geriatric Psychiatry 1982, 15, 2, 197-281. CODEN: JGPSBZ
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
In Some Aspects of Working with the Italian Elderly, Eugene J. Cacciola (Freedom Trail Clinic, Boston, Mass) examines the background of cultural & subcultural styles of the Italian-American family to consider how they affect individual & family functioning in the aging family & hinder social service intervention. Description is provided of a hypothetical composite of an aging couple who exemplify some problems common to first& second-generation Italian-American families, highlighting difficulties they encounter in therapeutic intervention. In Psychiatric Intervention with Blacks: The Elderly-A Case in Point, Orlando B. Lightfoot (Boston University School of Medicine, Mass) examines the effect of race, social class, & racism on disease incidence & health care service delivery, focusing on elderly blacks, who are more prone to certain illnesses due to their overrepresentation in the lower classes. Illustration of these issues is provided via a case vignette of an elderly black F. In Discussion: The Black Elderly: Biopsychosocial Perspectives within an Age Cohort and Adult Development Context, F. M. Baker (Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn) expands on Lightfoots' arguments, discussing the implications of the heterogeneous cultural, religious, socioeconomic, & genetic backgrounds of blacks for therapeutic intervention, also focusing on the elderly black client. Melvin Delgado (Boston University School of Social Work, Mass) addresses problems faced in planning human service delivery for the growing population of elderly Hispanic Americans in Hispanic Elderly and Natural Support Systems: A Special Focus on Puerto Ricans. Recommendations are made for using the elderly as valuable resources within the major natural support systems of the Puerto Rican community in providing health services to fellow Hispanics. In Discussion: Hispanic Elderly and Natural Support Systems: A Special Focus on Puerto Ricans, Ana-Maria Rizzuto (Tufts University School of Medicine, Medford, Mass) agrees with Delgado's recommendations, but cautions health care providers to be aware of the complexities faced by these elderly caught in the intergenerational gap between traditional values & the increasing Americanization of younger Puerto Ricans. Jose Szapocznik, William M. Kurtines, David Santisteban, & Angel Perez-Vidal (University of Miami School of Medicine, Fla) present two case studies of their treatment of depressed Hispanic women in New Directions in the Treatment of the Elderly: A Life Enhancement Counseling A pproach. The method's effectiveness is argued to be due to the alleviation of feelings of meaninglessness & purposelessness that often plague the elderly; its applicability should extend across various racial & ethnic groups. 100 References. K. Hyatt
Desc.: Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Ethnicity, Ethnicism (160135); Social service, Social services (432805); Health care (208100)
Ident.: elderly, social/health service care, ethnic/cultural considerations; six-article discussion;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 6
1968287 85W5029
Cooptation of Alternative Services: The Battered Women's Movement as a Case Study
Sullivan, Gail
Catalyst (US) 1982, 4, 2 (14), 39-56. CODEN: CTLSDV
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Cooptation, a process that turns radical demands into acceptable changes that do not threaten the status quo, is a menace to all politically motivated service work; its effect on the battered women's movement is examined here. This movement is particularly susceptible to cooptation, due to the extent to which it must rely on the resources of a system that helps foster battering through sexist myths & patriarchial practices. Discussed are problems that arise in this regard with respect to: (1) the criminal justice system; (2) funding sources; (3) social service agencies; (4) the right-wing political movement; (5) the lack of political direction & planning; (6) focus on the number rather than organization & empowerment of services; (7) careerism; & (8) the conservatism of fundraising. Suggestions for battling cooptation are provided. 2 Resources. K. Hyatt
Desc.: Co-optation, Co-optive (115540); Battered (051240)
Ident.: alternative services cooptation, battered women's movement;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 7
1968278 85W5020
Inducement as an Approach to Exercising Influence
Simons, Ronald L.
Iowa State U, Ames 30010
Social Work 1985, 30, 1, Jan-Feb, 56-62. CODEN: SOWOA8
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An examination of the principles of inducement used by social workers to influence their clients. If incentive is the reason for action, unrewarded behavior is likely to be discontinued. The practitioner inducing a behavioral change in a client must then use the smallest possible incentive, gradually eliminating the reward, while simultaneously pointing out natural reinforcers & positive consequences of the new behavior. The symbolic value of rewards lies in the information they communicate about the intentions & attitudes of the individual or group offering them. Practitioners should offer rewards that are "fair, forthright, & nonpatronizing, " to keep from threatening the client's freedom. To select effective rewards, the social worker must: know the consequences the client values; ensure that the rewards are perceived as fair; describe the rewards offered; & explain why they are a fair exchange for the desired behavior. If fair rewards are not sufficient motivators for behavior change, the individual, or group, has a power advantage, which must be balanced in the therapeutic relationship by finding alternative rewards or limiting them. Modified HA
Desc.: Behavior, Behavioral (051300); Reward, Rewards, Rewarding (391000); Social work (433700)
Ident.: behavior inducement principles, social workers' use;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 8
1968262 85W5004
Beyond Legal Services
Scallet, Leslie J.
New England Jrnl of Human Services 1984, 4, 3, summer, 12-17. CODEN NEJSD3
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: Unites States
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Legal services are examined as an essential part of humn services provision in a time of economic retrenchment. Focus is on attempts of legal services to represent the civil claims of the poor. Aspects of accountability, the implications for service provision of new technologies, & trends toward decentralization are considered in their implications for the delivery of legal services. Changes in strategies resulting from economic cutbacks by government are predicted, eg, less attention to constitutional & class action cases, & increased emphasis on private enforcement suits & coalition formation. Implications for more client involvement in legal actions affecting them & the resumption of more traditional relations between clients & lawyers are addressed. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Lawyer, Lawyers (249460); Human Service (217120)
Ident.: legal services, poor's civil claims representation, funding cutbacks;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 9
1968231 85W4973
Divorce Counseling and Divorce Mediation: A Survey of Mental Health Professionals' Views
Musty, Timothy A.; Crago, Marjorie
Mediation Quarterly 1984, 6, Dec, 73-85. CODEN: MEQUEY
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Mental health professionals may have difficulty in defining & properly addressing the differences between divorce counseling & divorce mediation due to the youth of the mediation field, & to past conceptions that medidtion & therapy are closely allied. A high potential for problems resulting from a lack of adequate conflict management skills is hypothesized. Analysis of questionnaires (number of cases = 52) distributed to Tucson, Ariz, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, & counselors reveals that respondents had a good understanding of the differing goals of mediation & counseling. However, only three identified themselves as trained mediators. Adequate training of mental health professionals is suggested to increase the success of the divorce mediation alternative. 4 Tables, 16 References. R. McCarthy
Desc.: Divorce, Divorced (135700); Counseling, Counselor,
Counselors, marital; (see alsoMarriage counseling) (116400); Psychologist, Psychologists (357700); Psychiatrist, Psychiatrists (352000); Social worker, Social workers (433850)
Ident.: divorce counseling vs mediation, psychiatrists'/psychologists'/counselors'/social workers' understanding; questionnaires; Tucson, Arizona;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 10
1968176 85W4918 
New Hope for the Teenage Outcast: The Family Placement of Disturbed and Delinquent Adolescents
Hazel, K. Nancy 27 Clifton Gardens, Canterbury Kent CT2 8DR England
International Jrnl of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 1982, 26, 1, Apr, 62-71. CODEN: IOTCAH
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Described is a 5-year foster home program involving 156 problem adolescents (aged 14-17) in Kent, England. Foster parents were relatively well paid, & the program offered a rewarding career alternative to intelligent women who did not wish to work outside their homes. Over 70% of the adolescents exhibited marked behavioral improvement, supporting the hypothesis that foster parents with children of their own could cope better & provide greater continuity of care than social workers or residential car facilities. Complete details of the project are provided in A Bridge to Independence: The Kent Family Placement Project (Hazel, K. Nancy, Oxford: Blackwell, 1981). 10 References. K. Hyatt
Desc.: Foster, Fosters, Fosterage, Fosterhome, Fosterhomes (187175); Delinquency, juvenile (126140); Disturb, Disturbed, Disturbing (135655); Adolescence, Adolescent, Adolescents (014600); England, English; (see also Britain, Great Britain, UK) (156300)
Ident.: foster home program, disturbed/delinquent adolescents, Kent, England;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 11
1968073 85W4815
Privatized Social Service Systems: Lessons from Ontario Children's Services
Hurl, Lorna F.
Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de Politiques 1984, 10, 4, Dec, 395-405.
CODEN: CPPODB
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: Canada
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Many Western governments (including Canadian provincial & federal levels) are embarking upon the process of "reprivatization" particularly in the social services. Primary motives for this undertaking are promises of efficiency & economy. Little attention is being given to the impact of reprivatization upon social service systems in terms of integration, comprehensiveness, accessibility, & the equitable distribution of services. Examined are the dynamics of the Ontario Children's Service System, a heavily privatized social service agency, in order to assess the effects that the delegation of services to the nongovernmental sector & the resulting entrenchment of the interest group process have upon the functioning of the system. A number of problems are identified as being inherent in the (re)privatized welfare systems & an alternative system, the introduction of normative principles to existing social planning fields, is considered. 37 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Privacy, Private (347200); Child, Children, Childhood (08100); Ontario, Canada (310700)
Ident.: social service privatization, Ontario Children's Services System case;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 12
1968060 85W4802
Social Services and Local Democracy in Yugoslavia
Bartlett, Will
European U Instit, 50016 San Domenico di Fiesole Florence Italy
Community Development Jrnl 1985, 20, 1, Jan, 18-23. CODEN: CYDJAU
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The development of social services in post-World War II Yugoslavia as paralleled the process of decentralization. The key part of that process has been introduction of a self-management system with the avowed objective of shifting as much decision making as possible to the local level. The general structure of self-managed institutions is discussed, including the peculiar position & financing of social institutions that have no independent means of raising revenue. A primary feature of social services discussed is urban services. 1 Figure, 10 References. S. Karganovic
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805), Yugoslav, Yugoslavs, Yugoslavia (495000)
Ident.: social services, Yugoslavia, decentralized/self-managament approach;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 13
1967532 85D3535
The Crisis of Urbanization in Asia: Finding Alternatives to Megalopolitan Growth
Rondinelli, Dennis A.
Maxwell School Citizenship & Public Affairs Syracuse U, NY 13210
Jrnl of Social, Political and Economic Studies 1985 10, 1, spring,
69-86. CODEN: JPSDD2
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
One means by which governments in Asian countries can begin to cope with the rapid urbanization & high level of concentration of urban population in megalopolitan cities is to develop secondary cities & small towns. These can provide suitable locations for agroprocessing & small scale manufacturing, markets, commercial services, & public services & facilities. Many offer off-farm employment opportunities for rural migrants & rural households in surrounding areas. Asian governments can promote the growth of these cities & towns by investing in infrastructure, productive support services, & social services, thus making these centers more attractive to rural migrants. Moreover, the development of secondary cities & towns can promote rural & agricultural development in nonmetropolitan regions &, over time, begin to recieve population growth pressures on the megalopolitan conurbations. Lacking a system of secondary cities & towns, wit is unlikely that attempts to control the growth of megalopolitan centers or to decentralize industrial activities in them will succeed. 3 Tables. Modified AA
Desc.: Asia, Asian, Asians, Asiatic (039500); Urbanization,
Urbanized, Urbanizing (478150); Megalopolis (265725)
Ident.: Asian urbanization crisis, megalopolitan growth alternatives;
Sect. Head.: social development-community and urban development; (8355)

Y009037 14
1967516 85D3519
Housing Policies in Central America: Political and Economic Constraints
Goodrich, James A.
School Business & Public Administration U Pacific, Stockton CA 95211
Habitat International 1982, 6, , 461-470. CODEN: HBINDW
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Comparative analysis of housing policies in Costa Rica, El Salvador, & Honduras reveals significant parallels in governmental performance & policy content. These are discussed in relation to some powerful political & economic constraints limiting housing policy choices that contribute to such cross-national similarities. Problems of institutional change & possibilities for housing policy innovations are considered. Policy innovation possibilities are important, because new approaches & methods are keys to improvement in housing services delivery & regime performance. Nevertheless, as long as the underlying political & economic realities that have characterized policy making in this region for many years are still operative, alternative housing policies, conceived of as major redistributive efforts, are unlikely to occur. They will probably continue to supplement existing programs. Within housing policy subsystems, financial institutions are unlikely to ever embrace consumer oriented approaches (eg, loans for upgrading squatter settlements), & these are the most powerful units in terms of control over housing resources. Government policies to encourage nonconventional developments are therefore likely to be channeled through public agencies or private nonprofit organizations, & will be dependent on international lenders' willingness to provide resources for such programs. 1 Table. Modified AA
Desc.: Honduras, Honduran, Hondurans (215135); Housing (216400); Costa Rica, Costa Rican, Costa Ricans (116225); El Salvador (151300)
Ident.: housing policies, Costa Rica/El Salvador/Honduras; political/economic constraints;
Sect. Head.: social development-community and urban development; (8355)

Y009037 15
1967419 85D3421
Local Coproduction of Services and the Analysis of Municipal Productivity
Brudney, Jeffrey L.
U Georgia Athens 30602
Urban Affairs Quarterly 1984, 19, 4, June, 465-484. CODEN: UAQUAM
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Local coproduction of services as an approach to enhancement of municipal productivity is analyzed with respect to three models of productivity: (1) cost efficiency, the effect of changes in service inputs on the outputs of service delivery; (2) cost effectiveness, comparison of alternative service delivery arrangements with respect to cost & quality &/or quantity of outputs achieved; & (3) program worthiness, evaluation of service delivery programs according to legal, moral, or political criteria. The analysis suggests that the addition of citizens to the production of services can increase cost efficiency in municipal government. However, large mass-volunteer programs that attempt to replace a sizable portion of the public work force with citizen labor are unlikely to offer a cost-effective alternative. From the perspective of program worthiness, although coproduction programs confront pragmatic problems of political acceptance & challenges to service equity, they may enhance democratic values in urban governance. 40 References. HA
Desc.: Urban; (see also Ru, Ur) (478000); Service, Services (417660)
Ident.: coproduction programs cost efficiency/effectiveness/worthiness;
Sect. Head.: social development-community participation; (8320)

Y009037 16
167353 85Q0992
Applied Research in Human Services: A Federally Funded Study of Model Information and Referral Systems in the US
Dukes, Nancy; Shanahan, James R.; Gargan, John J.; Dukes, Duane
Ohio Coll Podiatric Medicine, Cleveland 44106
Jrnl of Applied Sociology 1984, 1, 1, 31-60. CODEN: JASOEX
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
A systems model is proposed for information & referral services, designed to bring together people in need & human services agencies. The key elements of successful information & referral services are identified, & seven systems are described that function in an exemplary manner, selected from a sample of 131 systems nominated by experts in the field. Exemplary practices are noted for each of these systems, & used to formulate a model for effective service. 1 Table, 28 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Human Services (217120)
Ident.: human services, information/referral, systems model;
Sect. Head.: clinical sociology-clinical sociology; (3166)

Y009037 17
167204 85Q0843
Community Work and Political Struggle: What Are the Possibilities of Working on the Contradictions
Corrigan, Paul
U Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL England
The Sociological Review Monograph 1975, 21, Nov, 57-73. CODEN: SRMNAA
Pub. Year: 1975
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
The role of community activists in capitalist societies & the problems they encounter are examined, with particular emphasis on the plight of those individuals representing social work, the church, & the local working class itself. It is argued that community workers serve to preserve the political ideology of the state through maintaining power & control over the working class; this role is often at odds with these Left-inclined individuals' more humanitarian leanings, resulting in feelings of guilt & confusion over the degree of intervention into working class political activities. These moral difficulties are due to the lack of a cohesive theory of method that would allow community workers to balance their consciences with the often oppressive political activities required by their jobs. Alternative models proposed based on a Marxist analysis emphasize: (1) recognition of the unequivocally political nature of all community work, (2) making decisions as to the morality of an intervention before any action takes place, & (3) discovering specific experiential problems of the working class rather than creating issues, & relating these experiential issues to a wider class analysis of the causes of oppression. 10 References. K. Hyatt
Desc.: Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Worker, Workers (492500); Political philosophy (339725)
Ident.: community workers, state political ideology maintenance vs working-class conscience;
Sect. Head.: community development-sociology of communities and regions; (2317)

Y009037 18
167168 85Q0807
Where Have All the Dollars Gone?
Hale, Jeffrey A.
Community Congress San Diego, 1172 Morena Blvd San Diego CA 92110
Jrnl of Alternative Human Services 1981, 7, 2, July, 15-16. CODEN: COJSDK
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Directed toward nonprofit community-based social service organizations in need of funding, an alternative is offered to traditional "how to" fundrising approaches. Difficulties that agencies encounter in using typical methods of procuring funds-including direct mail campaigns, individual donors, foundations, corporations, the government, & grassroots fundraising such as raffles, bakesales, & car washes-are discussed. It is suggested that community agendas abandon these so called "quick & easy" methods & create their own custom-made paths to needed funds. Ways to improve typical fundraising methods are noted, & agencies advised to review their purpose, goals, assets, & liabilities in order to develop new directions to raise funds. Community-based agencies could enhance their ability to become self-sufficient by utilizing their areas of skill & expertise in the marketplace. Modified AA
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Fund, Funds,
Funding (191560)
Ident.: nonprofit community social service organizations, alternative fundraising approach;
Sect. Head.: social problems and social welfare-applied sociology (social work); (2148)

Y009037 19
167147 85Q0786
The Utilization of Discretionary Services by the Hispanic Elderly: A Causal Analysis
Starrett, Richard A.; Decker, James T.
School Social Work Barry U, Miami FL 33161
California Sociologist 1984, 7, 2, summer, 159-180. CODEN: CASODN
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A test of the applicability of R. A. Ward's (see SA 26: 1/78J1399) conceptual framework of medical service utilization for studying discretionary social service use by the Hispanic elderly. The relative importance of the determinants of discretionary service use were examined, using secondary data from a national needs assessment interview of 1, 805 noninstitutionalized elderly Hispanics. Thirty-seven variables, including individual, community, & family characteristics, were selected & analyzed, employing the multiple regression technique of path analysis. The findings indicate that knowledge of & need for social services, annual family income, perceived health status, & ethnicity have direct effects on the use of services. The complexity of service utilization behavior is discussed. 3 Tables, 1 Figure, 54 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Hispanic (214?00); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: Hispanic elderly's social services utilization determinants; national needs assessment interview; R. A. Ward's medical service use model;
Sect. Head.: social problems and social welfare-social gerontology (2143)

Y009037 20
167068 85Q707
General Practice, Ethnicity and Health Services Delivery
Rathwell, Tom
U Leeds, LS2 9JT England
Social Science and Medicine 1984, 19, 2, 123-130. CODEN: SSCMAW
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
The effects in GB of the transition to a multiethnic society on conventional modes of general medical practice are explored. Six factors necessary for understanding the health needs of ethnic minorities are proposed: (1) recognition of cultural differences determining ethnic minority attitudes toward health & health care; (2) elucidation of minority distrust of physicians & medical facilities; (3) illumination of the stigma attached to certain diseases by some ethnic groups; (4 overcoming the difficulties imposed by different lifestyles & languages; (5) transformation of the attitudes of health care providers concerning minorities; & (6) consideration of the social & psychological stresses experienced by minorities in adapting to a new lifestyle. Present conditions are argued to highlight the inability of the conventional medical model to meet these needs, & an alternative approach is suggested. Modified HA
Desc.: Medicine, Medicinal (265500); Ethnicity, Ethnicism (160135) Great Britain; (see also Britain, England, UK) (197530)
Ident.: general medical practice, GB; multiethnicity;
Sect. Head.: sociology of health and medicine-sociology of medicine (public health); (2045)

Y009037 21
167037 85Q0676
Women and Work: An Investigation of the Association between Health and Employment Status in Middle-Aged Women
Jennings Susan; Mazaik, Cheryl; McKinlay, Sonja
Cambridge Research Center/AIR, 22 Hilliard St MA 02138
Social Science and Medicine 1984, 19, 4, 423-431. CODEN: SSCMAW
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
The relationship between unemployment & health outcomes in middle-aged women, in the US, is studied in a longitudinal analysis of 52 females & cross-sectional analysis of 7, 628 females aged 45-55 from Mass. Sixty-nine percent of them were employed for pay, 24% were full-time homemakers, 5% were unemployed, & 2% had an unemployed spouse in the cross-sectional study, where health measures included self-assessments, physical & psychological symptoms, health-related behaviors, & preventive measures. Intervening variables considered were: age, education, household composition, frequency of association with relatives & friends, & chronic conditions. Employed women were found to have the fewest health problems, while the unemployed reported the most health problems & behaviors relating to ill health. Unemployed females assessed their own health as worse than that of their peers, especially when they had less than 12 years of education. These findings may be due to women excluding themselves from the labor force because of ill health, or losing their jobs for the same reason. The first 9-month follow-up of the longitudinal study showed: a low frequency of negative health outcomes after job losses, & a decrease in health status & increase in symptoms in those women who had worked at least half of their adult life, experienced an income decrease, lived alone, & experienced a large number of stressful events. The results of both studies agree that women who work are healthier than those who do not. 8 Tables, 42 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Unemployed, Unemployment (475700); Health, Healthy (208000) Woman, Women; (see also Female) (490000)
Ident.: unemployment status/health correlation, middle-aged women; longitudinal study;
Sect. Head.: sociology of health and medicine-sociology of medicine (public health); (2045)

Y009037 22
167001 85Q0640
Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Malaria in Colombia
Banguero, Harold
School Economics U Los Andes, 4976 Bogota Colombia
Social Science and Medicine 1984, 19, 10, 1099-1104. CODEN: SSCMAW
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Though a program for malaria eradication in Colombia has operated successfully since 1953, the incidence of the disease has been steadily rising since 1971, raising the possibility that traditional methods of treating it have reached a saturation point, & demanding a reexamination of social, health, & economic factors that may be contributing to its increase. Based on an expanded version of G. Becker's home economics model ("A Theory of the Allocation of Time, " Economic Jrnl, 1965, Sept), 217 households experiencing at least one case of malaria & a similar number of nonaffected households in the Cunday-Villarica area were administered questionnaires assessing demographic, social, economic, & housing conditions, & the availability of health/social services to the individual, household, & community. Coupled with laboratory tests & epidemiological histories collected by malaria campaign officers, this information file revealed that the most salient variable associated with increased malaria incidence was low income. Raising this seems to be the solution to the long-term eradication of the disease, while epidemiological factos such as DDT spreading, mosquito nets, & antimalaria drugs are proving effective as temporary methods of reducing its incidence. 3 Tables, 10 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Disease, Diseases (134400); Colombia, Colombian (097000); Socioeconomic status; (see also Socioeconomic) (434500)
Ident.: malaria incidence, Colombia; socioeconomic factors; questionnaires, lab tests, epidemiological histories; households with/without malaria, Cunday-Villarica area;
Sect. Head.: sociology of health and medicine-sociology of medicine (public health); (2045)

Y009037 23
166936 85Q0575
Definitions of Life Situation and Marital Adjustment
Dean, Dwight G.; Carlson, Robert Swan
Iowa State U, Ames 50011
Jrnl of Comparative Family Studies 1984, 15, 3, autumn, 441-448. CODEN: JCFSAO
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: Canada
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
To test the hypothesis that felt pressures from outside the family social system (eg, school, work) tend to decrease marital adjustment, a random sample of married students from a midwestern University was selected (number of cases = 290, of whom 261 completed questionnaires). Correlations found include: community satisfaction, .34 for males, .07 for females; health, .25 & .05, respectively; friends, .32 & .21; voluntary organizations, -.07 & .04; other felt pressures, from -.24 to .09 for males, -.02 to .08 for females; life satisfation, .26 & .54; & communication, .67 & .78 (factor analysis: communication separate from marital adjustment). If situational variables are inserted first in a hierarchical regression, they explain 37.5% of the variance (20.5% for social background items if they are inserted first) for males; for females, the results were 34.5% & 19.0%. The models explained 63% of the variance in the marital adjustment scores for males & 74.5% for females. Communication was by far the best predictor of marital adjustment for both males & females; situational variables are also important, however, & should be taken into account by counselors, social workers, & other professionals. 1 Table, 41 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Marriage, Marriages, Marital (259000); Pressure, Pressures (345470)
Ident.: marital adjustment; outside pressures; questionnaires; married university students;
Sect. Head.: the family and socialization-sociology of the family; (1941)

Y009037 24
166930 85Q0569
Remarried Couple Households: Data from the June 1980 Current Population Survey
Cherlin, Andrew; McCarthy, James
Johns Hopkins U, Baltimore MD 21218
Jrnl of Marriage and the Family 1985, 47, 1, Feb, 23-30. CODEN: JMFAA6
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Tabulations are presented for "remarried couple households" in the 1980 Current Population Survey, defined as married couple households in which one or both of the spouses had been divorced (number of cases = 9, 254, 000). Results show that, in 20% of households maintained by a married couple in 1980, one or both of the spouses had been divorced. About 16.7% of all children under age 18 lived in these households. Remarried couple households are classified further by the existence & current living arrangements of children from previous marriages. Stepparents & stepchildren were present in about 2.3 million of these households. 3 Tables, 8 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Remarriage, Remarriages (383225)
Ident.: remarried couple households; 1980 Current Population Survey;
Sect. Head.: the family and socialization-sociology of the family; (1941)

Y009037 25
166430 85Q0068
Careers of Men and Women MBAs 1950-1980
Tucker, Sharon
Southern Illinois U, Edwardsville 62026
Work and Occupations 1985, 12, 2, May, 166-185. CODEN: WOOCDD
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Over the last three decades, male & female work roles have been rapidly changing, as is demonstrated by examination of the varying experiences of men & women who received their master's degree in business administration at Washington University (St. Louis, Mo) & stated their careers in the 1950s (number of cases = 5 female & 8 male interview respondents), 1960s (number of cases = 7 females & 9 males), & 1970s (number of cases = 8 females & 9 males). Qualitative analysis of intensive interview data indicates that women rarely hold positions in business firms, choosing instead independent work or alternative settings such as universities. Women's salaries & authority have lagged behind those of men, & the more often feel blocked from further advancement. Several positions are advanced to explain the reluctance of women to enter or remain in business management. 3 Tables, 41 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Business, Businesses (068000); Career, Careers (069700); Sex differences; (see also Gender differences) (420000)
Ident.: business administration, master's degree holders, men's vs women's careers; interviews;
Sect. Head.: social differentiation-sociology of occupations and professions; (1020)

Y009037 26
166103 85O9740
Resources, Homophily, and Dependence: Organizational Attributes and Asymmetric Ties in Human Service Networks
Lincoln, James R.; McBride, Kerry
U Arizona, Tucson 85721
Social Science Research 1985, 14, 1, Mar, 1-30. CODEN: SSREBG 
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
The effects of organizational attributes on power/dependence relations in interorganizational dyads are examined. Exchange & homophily theories are discussed as two alternative perspectives on the processes that create such effects. Interview & questionnaire data from personnel of 48 agencies associated with 3 Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders (DSO) programs are analyzed by a new strategy of linear modeling of dyadic relations. Results suggest that size, administrative position, & justice system connections condition the extent to which an agency initiates & receives ties of influence, assistance, & support. These relations are more frequent between agencies with similar treatment ideologies & client racial makeup. Finally, size & justice systems access reduce agency dependence on a network's administrative core. Some related issues & findings are discussed as well. 5 Tables, 34 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Dyad, Dyads, Dyadic (142800); Organization, Organizations,
Organizational, Organize, Organizers, Organized, Organizing (313000)
Ident.: interorganizational dyadic relations; organizational characteristics; interviews, questionnaires; youth service agencies; exchange vs homophily theories;
Sect. Head.: complex organizations (management)-bureaucratic structures; (0624)

Y009037 27
16580 85O9497
Updating Children's Life Course
Hofferth, Sandra L.
National Instit Child Health & Human Development, 7910 Woodmont Ave 7C25 Bethesda MD 20205
Jrnl of Marriage and the Family 1985, 47, 1, Feb, 93-115. CODEN: JMFAA6
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
According to interview data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (number of cases = 6, 373 families, based on an original probability sample of 5, 000 followed since 1968), by age 17, 19% of white children born in 1950-1954 had lived with only one parent; however, 70% of those born in 1980 are projected to spend at least some time with only one parent before age 18. The proportion for black children born in 1950-1954 was 48% & is projected to be 94% for those born in 1980. Of course, these figures do not indicate the actual proportion of lives spent in various family types. White children born in 1950-1954 could expect to spend 8% of their childhood with only 1 parent, black children 22%. Of those born in 1980, whites can be expected to spend 31% of their childhood with one parent, blacks 59%. Children's experience depends on family type at birth. Of whites born into a first-marriage family in 1980, 64% can expect to live in a one-parent family by age 17 & can expect to spend 25% of their childhood in such a family. The comparable figures are 89% & 44% for blacks born in the same year. 9 Tables, 1 Figure, 25 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Family, Families (171600)
Ident.: children's experience living with one both parents, those born 1950-1954 vs 1980, blacks vs whites; interviews;
Sect. Head.: social psychology-personality and culture; (0312)

Y009037 28
165831 85O9468
Oedipal Difficulties and Custody Change
Buxton, Martin
Contributor (s): Kuhlman, Thomas L.; Hurston, Ronald O.
Case Analysis 1981, 1, 4, fall, 297-317. CODEN: CANADO
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Note: Comments, 319-325.
Psychiatric treatment of a boy aged 9 who lost his father through divorce is reported. The absence of the father & psychopathology of the mother complicated the boy's efforts at mastering developmental tasks, & led to a recommendation for change of custody to the father, which was carried out. The boy made good progress in therapy & welcomed the change when it came. Oedipal problems & fantasies were central to the situation. In An Old Dog and New Tricks: Comment on Oedipal Difficulties and Custody Change, Thomas L. Kuhlman (University of Cincinnati, Ohio) applies differing theoretical perspectives to the case presented, & stresses that divorce creates problems for children at any developmental stage. In A Broader View Needed, Ronald O. Hurston notes that the process of preparing for custody change involved psychotherapeutic aid not only to the boy but to his parents. 8 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Psychiatry, Psychiatric (353000); Oedipus, Oedipal (307000) Custody, Custodial (119875)
Ident.: psychiatric treatment, Oedipal problems, custody change, 9-year-old boy; comments;
Sect. Head.: social psychology-personality and culture; (0312)

Y009037 29
165533 85S17154
A Survey of Disability in a Metropolitan Satellite City
Matre, Marc; Howze, Yvonne
U South Alabama, Mobile 36688
Conference: MiSSA Mid-South Sociological Association
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
Information about disability was gathered via telephone interviews with households (number of cases = 1, 264) in a metropolitan satellite city, including questions about the incidence of sickle cell, sickle cell screening, & incidence of disability. In analyzing the data, criteria for determining disability are differentiated by age, reflecting role expectations at 4 stages in the life cycle: preschool, school age, adult, & elderly. Incidence of disability is enumerated for 10 categories: (1) speech impairmemt, (2) learning disability, (3) emotional disability, (4) mental retardation, (5) hearing impairment, (6) visual handicap, (7) epilepsy, (8) cerebral palsy, (9) physical disability, & (10) any other disability. Findings show the survey population to be characterized by a high incidence of poverty, a high dependency ratio, a low sex ratio, & a majority of black residents. Only 25% of the respondents reported having received sickle cell screening, mostly younger persons. About 20% reported one or more disabilities. The occurrence of disability is most strongly related to age, with frequency increasing after the middle years. Only 66% of the disabled received social services. A discussion of sampling bias & other limitations on the findings is included
Desc.: Disable, Disabled, Disability, Disabilities (1?2600)
Ident.: disability, metropolitan satellite city; telephone interviews;
Sect. Head.: sociology of health and medicine-sociology of medicine (public health); (2045)

Y009037 30
165498 85S17119
Empirical Basis of Commercially Available Educational Software
Campbell, Donald L.; Horn, Charles J., Jr.; Leigh, Robert K.
U Alabama, University 35486
Conference: MiSSA Mid-South Sociological Association
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
An attempt was made to identify commercially available educational software (CAES) supported by empirical evidence of effectiveness. Empirical evidence is defined as data derived by testing in settings for which the software is intended. Letters were sent to 583 vendors of educational software, requesting: (1) promotional maternal developed for their programs; & (2) information on reports, articles, &/or summaries that provide empirical evidence of program effectiveness. Responses were received from 313 vendors, a return rate of 53.7%. Materials received were classified by content area, grade level, performance claims, & validation provided for the claims. The majority of CAES appear to consist of general problem solving (18.4%), vocational/business education (18.8%), & computer literacy/languages (15.7%) content areas, at the middle (31.5%) & high school (32.3%) levels. Claims that the software teaches (28.6%) or provides drill & practice (27.9%) predominate. The claims are almost exclusively supported by descriptive materials (90.2%) only. It is concluded that CAES focuses at present on a narrow band of content areas, & does not provide a balance for general education purposes, & has limited availability for younger children
Desc.: Education, Educational, Educator, Educators, Educationally (146000); Program, Programs, Programmer, Programmers (348660); Computer, Computers, Computerization, Computerized (106000)
Ident.: educational computer software effectiveness, empirical evidence; promotional material; software vendors;
Sect. Head.: sociology of education-sociology of education; (1432)

Y009037 31
165490 85S17111
Perpetrator Services: A Coordinated Approach
Bebee, Donald J.
U Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
Conference: MiSSA Mid-South Sociological Association
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
Review of the literature on domestic violence reveals the tremendous strides that have been made in the last decade in getting the attention of the general public & in expanding service responses to the victims. It appears that as services for victims have become more institutionalized, the prevalence of various forms of abuse & the need for better coordinated & comprehensive response to both victims & perpetrators of domestic violence have been recognized. Acceptance of the thinking that unless the source of the violence is treated, there is little hope of breaking the cycle of violence has resulted in increased research & training available to service practitioners. Described here is a project designed to identify the array of therapeutic interventions available within a University community, the gaps in service, & the resources available to fill those gaps. The end result of the project will be better direct services, easier access, closer coordination of providers, & a much more solid foundation for ensuring availability. Of particular interest is work being done in the judicial system to get better cooperation, as both a source of referrals & as a way of producing revenues for the funding of needed services for perpetrators. The final product will include a model equipped with the necessary survey forms, intake sheets, & plans for both interviewing & coordinating resources
Desc.: Wife abuse (489883); Child Abuse; (see also Child Neglect) (081235); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: domestic violence perpetrators, therapeutic intervention services availability evaluation project;
Sect. Head.: the family and socializatio-; sociology of the family; (1941); clinical sociology-clinical sociology; (3166)

Y009037 32
165458 85S16920
The Cooperative Organization and Rural Passenger Transportation: An Approach to Community Development
Stomms, Eileen S.
New York State Dept Agriculture & Markets, Albany 12235
Conference: RSS Rural Sociological Society
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
Shrinking federal funding has led many rural communities & human service agencies to experiment with innovative approaches to provide transportation services (TS), eg, using the cooperative organization (coop). The coop, long used in rural areas to pool farmer resources, is a formal organizational structure that could be used to coordinate rural TS. The NY State department of Agriculture & Markets recently completed a study that developed three rural passenger TS alternatives. The first alternative provides for a coop composed of public & private human service agency TS providers & the users of that TS. The activities such a coop can undertake begin with a simple clearinghouse function, & move toward providing all TS for its members. The second alternative could rely on a coop made up of service club members, human service agencies, & community residents, using volunteers to maintain a TS network for rural residents. A third alternative incorporates rural postal carriers into human service agency or service club coops. Consisting of routes that extend into virtually all isolated rural areas, rural postal delivery routes provide a ready-made TS system to augment existing passenger transportation at a low cost. By formally structuring rural passenger activities of private & public organizations, the coop lines state, federal, & local TS resources, & also strengthens community institutional ability to adapt outside assistance to local need
Desc.: Rural; (see also Ru, Ur) (398400); Transportation (471700) Development, Developments (131200); Cooperative, Cooperatives (115500); Organization, Organizations, Organizational, Organize, Organizers, Organized, Organizing (313000)
Ident.: rural transportation development alternatives, cooperative organizations; New York State Department of Agriculture & Markets study;
Sect. Head.: community development-sociology of communities and regions; (2317)

Y009037 33
165430 85S16892
Evaluation Research: Why A Formal Ethics Review is Needed
Marvin, Grace M.
California State U, Chico 95929-0445
Conference: RSS Rural Sociological Society
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
Evaluation research usually involves an assessment of the effectiveness or efficiency of organized social programs in areas such as welfare, job training, & mental health. There is insufficient awareness among ethicists, members of institutional review boards, evaluation researchers, & other social scientists, however, concerning current evaluation research practices & how they sometimes cause harm to research subjects & other social program participants. If an evaluator's proposed research design is faulty on scientific grounds, perhaps one could rely on a scientific review board (or "study section") to catch any deviations from prevailing scientific canons. Even if these canons are met, however, there still exist strong grounds for requiring that the proposal be subject to an ethics review. Among the issues that critics of current evaluation practices raise are: (1) a potential conflict of interest between an evaluator's obligation to strive for objectivity in reporting findings & the interests of the "purchaser" of the evaluator's services; (2) the use of control groups that deny needed social services or informed consent to subjects, especially when alternative research designs could be employed; (3) unjustifiable invasions of the subjects' privacy; (4) violations of confidentiality; (5) lack of respect from the views of program participants regarding their assessment of program processes & effectiveness; & (6) not informing subjects as part of the initial consent procedures about possible implications for a social program resulting from the evaluation research
Desc.: Program evaluation (348670); Ethic, Ethics, Ethical (160100)
Ident.: evaluation research, ethics review need;
Sect. Head.: methodology and research technology-research technolog (0104)

Y009037 34
165381 85S16843
Paradox of Freeway Development on Communities
Finke Schurtz, Joyce
Ohio State U, Columbus 43210
Conference: RSS Rural Sociological Society
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
Note: Complete paper available on MICROFICHE at $3.00 per fiche. Complete paper available from SA Reproduction Service prepaid at $0.25 per page plus $1.50 search & postage. Length of paper: 26 pp.
The paradox of transportation development is its dual-natured effect. While it is likely to attract industry, commerce, & economic development, local businesses, ojrganizations, & inhabitants are displaced. Thus, the transportation facility launches community disruption & likely subsequent economic growth. The local community is confronted with two preeminent decisions, ie, whether to accept or reject the: (1) external planners' estimated compensation for property, & (2) proposed boundaries for the transportation route. These issues formed the foundation for the reported research on the genesis, completion & community power struggle of the 30-year-long development of the SR 315 freeway in Columbus, Ohio. Goals & local means of adaptation to freeway development tend to explain public works in the US. Local residents directly in the path of the freeway adapted through compliance, local alliance, litigation, & extralocal coalition constructed from interpretation of highway right of way records. Essentially, local goals were to attempt to support or reconfigure the proposed route. A potential goal, blockage, was unattempted for this freeway. Local delay was reflected by the temporal span between the first land appraisal & the payment for land exchange. The lengthiest delays were a function of two means of adaptations: extralocal coalition & litigation over the floodplain. These adaptations delayed portions of the freeway for 1-8.5 years. Delays from land types were lengthiest over floodplain, cemetery, & institutional (University & hospital) lands; these issues delayed the freeway for 7-9 years. Though transportation development tends to precipitate urbanization, rural areas are encompassed in transportation policy, particularly if influential locals encourage development. Regional planning commissions serve as liaisons for rural development, although personal disruption to areas tends to be spawned from plans. However, transportation networks cannot safeguard area unemployment, though historically transport development has been an impetus for economic activity & community growth
Desc.: Transportation (471700); Development, Developments (131200) Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Goal, Goals (196000); Ohio (309880)
Ident.: freeway development, delays; community goals/adaptation; Columbus, Ohio, SR 315 freeway;
Sect. Head.: community development-sociology of communities and regions; (2317)

Y009037 35
165324 85S17062
The Green Movement and the Transformation of West German Politics
Schmid, Carol L.
Guilford Technical Community Coll, Jamestown NC 27282
Conference: SSSP Society for the Study of Social Problems
Pub. Year: 1985
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Association Paper l Article (ap )
An important transformation of recent West German politics has been the entry of the Green Party (GP) into the federal parliament. In the 1983 election, the GP gained 5.6% of the vote, which meant that the Christian Democrats, with 48.8%, had to rely on the Liberals (FDP) in order to form a government. Significantly, both the FDP (6.9%) & the Social Democrats (38.2%) lost many votes to the GP. The GP, which considers itself the voice of the citizens' movements, exploited a number of issues: deterioration of the environment, the arms race between the superpowers, the breakdown of communities, & the lack of social responsibility of traditional elites. Their critique of industrial society had some resonance with the voters, in addition to influencing the statements & electoral programs of the established parties. After a discussion of the emergence of the GP through the 1983 federal election, attention is paid to the bases of GP support & demographic composition of its representatives in the Bundestag. The GP's electoral program & its impact at both the local & federal levels in German politics are examined, & a brief assessment & critique presented of the accomplishments of the Green movement to date
Desc.: German, Germany, Germans, West Germany (193402); Politics (340000); Political party (3?9720)
Ident.: West German politics; Green Party's emergence/support/demographic composition/electoral program;
Sect. Head.: political interactions-political sociology; (0925)

Y009037 36
165048 85O9058
Socio-Cultural Experiment in Nowy Sacz and the Model of Activity Stimulation in Communities
Wierzbicki, Zbigniew T.; Jozefowicz, Zofia
Polish Academy Sciences, PO Box 24 00-901 Warsaw
The Polish Sociological Bulletin 1978, 3-4 (33-44), 151-163. CODEN: PSLBCD
Pub. Year: 1978
Co. of Pub.: Poland
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
The planning realization of broader cultural activities in the Nowy Sacz region of Poland that took place between 1971 & 1980 involved "activization, " through social work, that reconciled central planning with local self-government & autonomous social action, & local government control with the spontaneous volunteer action of citizens. Specifically, the goals were: to bring into cultural contact all social elements, regardless of education, occupation & age; to modernize existing cultural establishments & generate new cultural activities; to reconcile traditional folk culture with modern culture; & to improve the cultural establishments & generate new cultural activities; to reconcile traditional folk culture with modern culture; & to improve the culture of daily life & raise public cultural aspirations. Experts from a variety of domains (sociology, psychology, law, etc) worked cooperatively with local activists & leaders in planning, decision making, implementation, & ongoing evaluation. Activization was planned in overlapping stages, but these were not sequential & sometimes occurred simultaneously. Stimulation of the overall project, formulation of action proposals, & gaining project approval & popularization have been successful. Implementation & evaluation are in the future. The model, based on the experience of US sociologists, is not congruent with current reality in Poland, & requires modification. D. Graves
Desc.: Poland, Poles, Polish (3?9350); Activity, Activities (013000); Culture, Cultures, Cultural, Culturally (119600)
Ident.: cultural activity stimulation, experimental program, Nowy Sacz Poland;
Sect. Head.: community development-sociology of communities and regions; (2317)

Y009037 37
164998 85O9008
Community Redress against the Corporate Offender
Yeager, Matthew G.
National Center Instits & Alternatives, 125 West Fourth St Los Angeles CA
90013
Crime and Social Justice 1984, 21-22, 223-227. CODEN: CSOJA9
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
It is argued that the common practice of imposing a fine against corporate criminals has been an ill-suited & ineffective sanction in reducing this type of criminality, since it does not attack the heart of the corporate structure, its policies, or managers. Described is an alternative practice in use since 1981 in Los Angeles, Calif, courts, when the US Probation Office formed the Foundation for People, Inc, a nonprofit public benefit corporation. Guilty corporations pay their fines directly to this project, which channels the money into various social service programs, eg, youth half-way houses & job training. It is suggested that this approach could be used with individual offenders as well, & that the private advocacy sector just begin to play a role in promoting substitute victim restitution programs. 9 References. K. Hyatt
Desc.: Corporate (115760); Criminal, Criminals, Criminality, Criminally; (see also Crime) (119125); California, Californian, Californians (068950)
Ident.: corporate criminality, fine imposition critiqued, California courts' alternative social service fund program;
Sect. Head.: social problems and social welfare-social disorganization (crime); (2147)

Y009037 38
164871 85O8881
Intergenerational Conflict and Culture: A Study of Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Adolescents and Their Parents
Rosenthal, Doreen A.
U Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
Genetic Psychology Monographs 1984, 109, 1, Feb, 53-75. CODEN: GPMOA3
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Information on parent/adolescent conflict was obtained through self-report questionnaires from a sample of 630 Anglo-, Greek-, & Italian-Australian males & females (median ages 13.8 & 15.9, respectively) in metropolitan Melbourne high schools & their parents. Both immigrant adolescent groups reported significantly more conflict with both parents than did the Anglo group, a finding reflected in the parent's reports. Differences in childrearing practices appear to be a more saliant variable than cultural conflict per se, as levels of conflict were not related to the degree of dual ethnic group identification, as had been previously proposed. However, adolescents who strongly identified with the dominant culture & rejected their culture of origin did report higher levels of conflict, as did their parents. Expectations about sex-role conflict were also born out, with Italian-Australian girls experiencing the greatest amount. Overall, the intergenerational conflict found did not reach the high levels proposed by previous theorists, suggesting that its prevalence within immigrant families has been exaggerated. 6 Tables, 22 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Parent, Parents, Parental (322000); Adolescence, Adolescent, Adolescents (014600); Conflict, Conflicts (111000); Immigrant, Immigrants (226540); Anglo (031660); Australia, Australian, Australians (047700)
Ident.: parent/adolescent conflict, immigrant/nonimmigrant groups; questionnaires; Angl-/Greek-/Italian-Australians;
Sect. Head.: the family and socialization-sociology of the family; (1941)

Y009037 39
164689 85O8699
The Rural Chinese Fertility Transition: A Report from Shifang Xian, Sichuan
Lavely, W. R.
Population Studies Center U Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
Population Studies 1984, 38, 3, Nov, 365-384. CODEN: POSTA4
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Rural China has experienced a rapid fertility decline, but little is known about its causes. A report is presented on the fertility decline in a rural commune of Sichuan Province, based on a sample survey of 532 commune households. Two major events have marked the recent demographic history of the commune & rural China as a whole: the famine of 1959-1961 & the fertility translation of the 1970s. The commune experienced a rapid mortality decline in the 1950s & improvements in levels of education, but the decline of fertility was a direct result of government-sponsored programs to limit births, which in Sichuan have relied heavily on sterilization. About 25% of the decline in total rural fertility is attributable to the policy of promoting later marriage. 8 Tables, 9 Figures. HA
Desc.: Rural; (see also Ru, Ur) (398400); China, Chinese (090050) Fertility (177440)
Ident.: rural China's fertility decline; sample survey data; commune households, Sichuan Province;
Sect. Head.: demography and human biology-demography (population study); (1837)

Y009037 40
164589 85O8599
Domestic Violence in Criminal Court: An Examination of New Legislation in Ohio
Quarm, Daisy; Schwartz, Martin D.
U Cincinnati, OH 45221 
Women & Politics 1984, 4, 3, fall, 29-46. CODEN: WOPODK
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Many states have recently passed new legislation to deal with spouse abuse, & several have designated a new criminal offense: domestic violence. An examination of 1980 charges (number of cases = 1, 458) under Ohio's new domestic violence law in a large misdemeanor court, however, leads to the conclusion that the a new offense category has not measurably changed court outcomes. For example, 73% of victims who filed charges dropped them before a verdict was reached. This high figure, combined with the large number of victims who never file, means that most abusers do not go through a complete trial. Moreover even when a batterer is tried & found guilty, very little happens; 64% did not spend even one day in jail, less than 10% were sentenced to alternative programs, & 27% were neither jailed nor placed on probation. Nor were most abusers offered help. Two recommendations are made: (1) a dual system whereby victims of domestic violence are provided with both criminal & social service alternatives; & (2) court experimentation with counseling programs for batterers both as a condition for dismissal of charges & as a condition for probation if convicted. 6 Tables. Modified HA
Desc.: Domestic, Domestics, Domestication, Domesticated (136325); Violence, Violent (480600); Ohio (309880); Legislation; (see also Law, Legal) (251575)
Ident.: domestic violence, prosecution outcomes; criminal offense legislation; Ohio court records, 1980 charges;
Sect. Head.: social control-sociology of law; (1636)

Y009037 41
164194 85O8204
The Incidence of Sex Discrimination, Sexual Content, and Hostility in Television Humor
Suls, Jerry; Gastoff, John W.
State U New York, Albany 12203
Jrnl of Applied Communication Research 1981, 9, 1, spring, 42-49. CODEN: JACRCS
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Feminist groups have contended that women are portrayed more often as the butt of humor on prime-time television than are men, citing this as an example of sex discrimination. The accuracy of this charge is investigated with data generated by coders who recorded & classified humorous incidents sampled from the prime-time family viewing hours (8-11 PM) on the 3 major commercial networks in Oct 1977. In absolute terms, males were more often the object of humorous disparagement than were females; however, males appeared more frequently in principal roles, & thus were more available as targets of disparagement. With appearance frequency controlled, males disparaged females significantly more often than females disparaged males. Thus, there is some support for the charge of discrimination. Other findings indicate that hostile humor is no more common than nonhostile humor, & nonsexual humor is more frequent than sexual humor. Finally, the survey indicates that sexual & hostile humor is as common during the family viewing hour as during adult viewing hours. 2 Tables, 9 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Television, Televised (457000); Humor, Humorous (218000); Sex, Sexes, Sexism, Sexist, Sexists (419000)
Ident.: television humor, sex discrimination/sexual content/hostility; prime-time family program data; major commercial networks, 1970;
Sect. Head.: mass phenomena-communication; (0828)

Y009037 42 
164187 85O8197
Much Ado about Nothing: The Television Broadcast Packaging of Team Sport Championship Games
Geier, Klaus V.
U Western Ontario, London N6A 3K7
Sociology of Sport Jrnl 1984, 1, 3, Sept, 263-279. CODEN: SSJOE9
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Through a content analysis of television broadcasts of championship games in hockey, basketball, baseball, & football for the 1982/83 season, it is determined that success in attracting viewership is inversely proportional to the amount of live play time in the game. The broadcast packages for the championship games of: (1) the Stanley Cup (hockey); (2) the National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball tournament; (3) the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union basketball tournament; (4) the National Basketball Association playoffs; (5) baseball's World Series; (6) Canadian football's Vanier Cup; (7) the Sugar Bowl (football); (8) the Grey Cup (Canadian football); (9) the Super Bowl; & (10) the US Football League's playoffs; were analyzed according to the amount of time given to pre-/postgame activities, between play time, advertisements, & live play time. defining live play time as the time the ball or puck actually is in play, it was found that live play time for football games was about 13.5 minutes (3.7%-7.4% of broadcast time) compared to 60 minutes (30.9% of broadcast time) for hockey. Basketball was similar to hockey in live play time, while baseball paralleled football. Several reasons for the apparently anomalous popularity of football & baseball are suggested, as are several areas for future research. 8 Tables, 7 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Sport, Sporting, Sports; (see also Sportsmanship) (?43450) Television, Televised (457000); Broadcast, Broadcasts, Broadcasting, Broadcaster, Broadcasters (067175)
Ident.: team sport championship games, television broadcast packaging, attracting viewership; live play time; program content analysis;
Sect. Head.: mass phenomena-communication; (0828)

Y009037 43
163579 85W4795
Economic Dependency in the 1980s: Its Impact on Third World Elderly
Neysmith, Sheila M.; Edwards, Joey
U Toronto, Ontario M5S 11
Ageing and Society 1984, 4, 1, Mar, 21-44. CODEN: AGSOD9
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An alternative perspective for understanding individual & societal ageing within the context of global economic & social relations is presented. The dependent status of Third World nations as a result of the process of capital accumulation in examined, & it is argued that the manner in which these nations respond to the human needs of their elderly is subject to the relationship that entwines Third World & capitalist industrialized nations. The ideology underlying these econonic relations serves to nurture social policy & human service models. The assumptions behind policies regarding pensions, & about the family as a care-giving unit, are examined. When diffused to Third World nations, such social policies function to maintain national elites at the expense of the majority. Questions are raised about the relevance of Western models of ageing to the needs of old people in the Third World. 6 Tables. Modified HA
Desc.: Third World (464472); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Economic, Economics, Economical (145000); Dependence, Dependency (128000)
Ident.: Third World elderly, international economic dependency relationship impact; Western aging model applicability questioned;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in developing countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6160)

Y009037 44
163555 85W4771
Attitudes toward Women's Professional Achievement among Social Work Students and Recent Graduates
Rushford, Kathleen Bitts; O'Toole, Anne; Urbelis, Deborah Parkhurst; Pearlstein, Anne Voss; Pitt-Catsouphes, Marcie; Stone, Gail; Arkway, Charlene; Veeder, Nancy W.
Jrnl of Education for Social Work 1980, 16, 2, spring, 49-54. CODEN JESWAD
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An exploratory-descriptive design was employed to ascertain the relationship between demographic variables & attitudes toward women's professional achievement among 343 students in Boston Coll's master's degree social work program (in 1978) & alumni from the classes of 1972 & 1976. Data were gathered through a mailed questionnaire containing fixed-alternative questions. The attitudinal vignette did not elicit significant differences between male & female attitudes; however, findings did indicate that females had lower salary expectations than males. Respondents whose major concentration was in community organization had higher salary expectations than did those in other major concentrations. HA
Desc.: Woman, Women; (see also Female) (490000); Profession, Professions, Professional, Professionals, Professionalism, Professionalized (348400); Achieve, Achiever, Achieved, Achievement, Achievements (008000); Social work (433700)
Ident.: attitudes toward women's professional achievement; demographic variables; questionnaire; master's degree social work students/alumni;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 45
163550 85W4766
Evaluation of Social Work Practice in Health Care Settings
Peterson, K. Jean; Anderson, Sandra C.
School Social Work Portland State U, OR 97207
Social Work in Health Care 1984, 10, 1, fall, 1-16. CODEN: SWHCDO
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
To encourage social workers in health care settings to evaluate their practice effectiveness, 15 studies of intervention outcomes in care settings are examined. The research is reviewed according to the following dimensions: (1) use of comparison groups; (2) choice of research goals; (3) specificity of intervention; & (4) number of times measures are repeated, as in before/after designs. Single-system designs, which involve client control, are then proposed as an alternative method that can complement large-group designs. A case example is described, involving social worker intervention with an elderly heart patient to increase the patient's social contacts. 1 Table, 26 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Practice, Practices (342000); Evaluation, Evaluations, Evaluative (160300); Research methods (385400)
Ident.: social work practice evaluation studies reviewed; single-system designs suggested;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 46
163549 85W4765
Social Administration and Social Work Education: A Contradiction in Terms
Perlmutter, Felice Davidson
School Social Administration Temple U, Philadelphia PA 19122
Administration in Social Work 1984, 8, 3, fall, 61-69. CODEN: ASWODB
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Discussed are: (1) dangers facing social administration from competing professions (eg, business administration); (2) the critical issues of politics versus professionalism, accountability, efficiency versus effectiveness, bureaucratization versus debureaucratization, technology, the decline in society's commitment to social work, & the professional use of self; & (3) models of leadership (eg, power politics). Basic requirements for the curriculum are discussed (training in social service delivery, professional values & ethics, encouraging students to think administratively, & reflection on the reality of administrative practice), & Temple U's mode of curriculum design is examined. 27 References. I. Kocher
Desc.: Social work (433700); Administration, Administrations, Administrative, Administrator, Administrators (014200); Education, Educational, Educator, Educators, Educationally (146000); Curriculum, Curricula, Curricular (119830)
Ident.: social administration, social work education implications; Temple University's curriculum design model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 47
163545 85W4761
Social Work Education in the Beloved Community
Nussbaum, Daniel
Salem State Coll, MA 01970
Smith College Studies in Social Work 1984, 54, 3, June, 155-165. CODEN SMSWAW
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Despite the impact of Dr. Martin Luther King & his vision of a beloved community on the lives of many individual social workers, neither King's social philosophy nor its application to social work practice has been adequately explored in research. King's concept of a beloved community, based on the notion of agape, or altruistic love, is explored with reference to social work education, & explained through the conceptual framework developed by assumptions from the locality development & social action models of community organization, developed in J. Rothman's "Three Models of Community Organization Practice" (in Cox, F. M., et al [Eds], Strategies of Community Organization: A Book of Readings, Itasca, Ill: F. E. Peacock, 1974). Implications for incorporating the issue of racism in social work curricula are explored. 11 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Social worker, Social workers (433850); Social philosophy (432235); King, Martin Luther (247810); Community, Communities, communitarian (104000)
Ident.: social workers, social work practice; Martin Luther King's social philosophy; beloved community concept;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 48
163542 85W4758
Style and Structure in Supervision
Munson, Carlton E.
Graduate School Social Work U Houston, TX 77004
Jrnl of Education for Social Work 1981, 17, 1, winter, 65-72. CODEN JESWAD
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Current issues in social work supervision are addressed through an exploration of various models of structure, authority, & teaching that were perceived to be in use by agency workers (number of cases = 65 interview respondents & supervisors (number of cases = 64 respondents to a mailed questionnaire). Significant differences in level of interaction, supervision, job satisfaction, & sense of accomplishment accompany variations in source of supervisors' authority, but no differences are found with variations of structure. Incongruence between supervisees' & supervisors' perceptions of actual & preferred structure, authority, conference frequency & initiation, & content in supervision demonstrates the need for exploration of autonomy in practice & control in supervision. 4 Tables. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Supervision (453000)
Ident.: social work supervision issues, structure/authority/teaching models; interviews, questionnaires; agency workers/supervisors;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 49
163527 85W4743
Reflections on an Elusive Vision: Social Work in Health
Katz, Alfred H.
School Public Health U California, Los Angeles 90024
Jrnl of Public Health Policy 1984, 5, 3, Sept, 410-422. CODEN: JPPODK
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Based on 17 years of experience as practitioner, administrator, & researcher in social work, & 25 years as an academic in public health & social welfare, the potentials & realities of social work in health settings are summarized. Despite its advantage of a broad, eclectic conceptual base & melioristic values, social work has missed important opportunities for wide effectiveness in health care. The overinfluence of psychoanalytic ideology & methods, & domination of the field by social work practice in hospitals where its status is marginal vis-a-vis medicine have resulted in relative failures to extend social-work-in-health practice to community settings, public welfare & rehabilitation. An alternative & contrasting view of potential social work practice in health, based on a social learning model & public health principles, is presented that would extend to community settings, & utilize & promote natural & created social support systems, eg, mutual aid groups. 10 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Health care (208100)
Ident.: social work, health care field potential/reality; social learning/public health model proposed;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 50
163524 85W4740
Reevaluation of Task-Centered Social Work Practice
Kanter, Joel S.
305 Hamilton Ave, Silver Spring MD 20901
Clinical Social Work Jrnl 1983, 11, 3, fall, 228-244. CODEN: CSWJBG
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
In a brief period of time, the "task-centered" approach to social work practice has become a major treatment modality, offering the clinician a degree of specificity & clarity that is often missing in more traditional practice. The indications & contraindications for this model are reassessed, contrasting it with other treatment approaches that also utilize the technical variables of brevity, time limits, & task assignment. The diagnostic criteria for the utilization of this approach are discussed in detail, with special emphasis on its applicability to the severely disturbed client. 30 References. HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Treatment (472400); Diagnosis,
Diagnostic (131800)
Ident.: social work practice, "task-centered" treatment approach; diagnostic criteria;
Section Headings: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 51
163520 85W4736
Toward Professional Pluralism: The Pacific/Asian-American Case
Ishisaka, Anthony H.; Takagi, Calvin Y.
School Social Work U Washington, Saint Louis MO 63130
Jrnl of Education for Social Work 1981, 17, 1, winter, 44-5. CODEN JESWAD
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Trends in the education of Pacific Asian-American (P/AA) students, distribution of P/AA faculty, & level of immigration from Pacific Asia to the US are reviewed as a basis for suggesting means of improving educational programs designed to produce social workers better equipped to work with P/AA communities. Three models of curriculum applicable to varying situations are presented. 4 Tables. HA
Desc.: Pacific (314800) Asia, Asian, Asians, Asiatic (039500); America, American, Americans (030150); Social work (433700); Curriculum,
Curricula, Curricular (119830)
Ident.: Pacific/Asian-American social work programs, curriculum improvement suggestions;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 52
163516 85W4732
The Changing Context of Human Services Administration
Hasenfeld, Yeheskel
School Social Work U Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
Social Work 1984, 29, 6, Nov-Dec, 522-529. CODEN: SOWOA8
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The welfare state has entered a period of financial & ideological crisis as a result of changing economic & political conditions. New ideologies have emerged that favor economic growth, corporatism, self-reliance, nongovernmental intermediaries, & decentralization, though these have been challenged by the idea of economic democracy. Important current trends include scarcity, uncertainty, & instability; degovernmentalization & privatization; & cutback management. At the same time, this period may force human service agencies to focus their efforts on the most productive of their goals & programs, & call forth more commitment to the welfare state. 2 Tables. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Welfare state (489770); Crises, Crises (119160); Human Services (217120)
Ident.: welfare state's financial/ideological crisis, human service agency implications;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 53
163489 85W4705
A Cognitive-Sociobehavioral Model of Clinical Social Work Practice and Evaluation
Bagarozzi, Dennis A.
School Social Work U Georgia, Athens 30602
Clinical Social Work Jrnl 1983, 11, 2, Summer, 164-177. CODEN: CSWJBG
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
On the basis of a review of empirical work in clinical psychology, counseling, social work, social psychology, & behavior modification, a model of clinical social work intervention is proposed that takes into account how individual cognitive processes, perceptions, & other relevant intra& interpersonal factors influence the development, maintenance, & course of the interpersonal helping process. In keeping with a developmental orientation to the helping process, a variety of interpersonal & clinical skills are identified that the social worker must acquire & learn to exhibit effectively if treatment is to be successful. 36 references. Modified HA
Desc.: Clinic, Clinics, Clinical, Clinician (091700); Social work (433700); Intervention (240965); Cognition, Cognitive (095000); Socio- (434550); Behavior, Behavioral (051300)
Ident.: clinical social work intervention model, cognitive/sociobehavioral perspective;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 54
163485 85W4701
Integrating Content on Women into the Social Policy Curriculum: A Continuum Model
Abramovitz, Mimi; Hopkins, Thomas J.; Olds, Victoria; Waring, Mary
School Social Work Hunter Coll, New York NY 10021
Jrnl of Education for Social Work 1982, 18, 1, winter, 29-34. CODEN JESWAD
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The curriculum mandate of the Council on Social Work Education establishes the need to include nonsexist content on women in social work education. To assist schools in achieving this goal, a continuum model is developed containing three options for such integration: minimal, moderate, & maximal. These options are organized around several dimensions: (1) the nature of the mandate to instructors, (2) the degree of comprehensiveness of content about women, & (3) the allocation of curriculum time or space to women's issues. Suggestions for moving an introductory social policy course from the minimal to the moderate option are presented, followed by a discussion of strategies for assessing & creating system readiness for curriculum change within schools of social work. 1 Table. HA
Desc.: Social policy (432239); Curriculum, Curricula, Curricular (119?30); Woman, Women; (see also Female) (490000); Social work (433700)
Ident.: social work education, women's issues, social policy curriculum; continuum model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 55
163475 85W4691
The Chesapeake Health Plan: An HMO Model for Foster Children
Schor, Edward L.; Neff, John M.; LaAsmar, Joseph L.
School Medicine U New Mexico, Albuquerque 87131
Child Welfare 1984, 63, 5, Sept-Oct, 431-440. CODEN: CHWFAS
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: United Stites
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
By virtue of being in foster care & receiving Medicaid, many foster children receive fragmented health care. An alternative is offered, the health maintenance organization (HMO), that is not only a better, more cost-efficient health care provider, but also tends to the psychological & social needs of foster children & promotes alliances among families, medical practitioners, & social workers. The experiences of the Baltimore, Md, department of Social Services in establishing a HMO for foster children are presented. 2 Tables, 11 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Foster, Fosters, Fosterage, Fosterhome, Foster homes (187175); Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Health Maintenance Organization, HMO (208175); Health care (20?100)
Ident.: foster children, health maintenance organization care; Maryland case;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 56
163419 85W4635
What Is a Homosexual: A Definitional Model
Berger, Raymond M.
School Social Work U Illinois, Urbana 61801
Social Work 1983, 28, 2, Mar-Apr, 132-135. CODEN: SOWOA
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A homosexual identity is the result of a system of interacting influences that include life experiences, cultural & religious values, social reaction, self-attribution, & association with others. In addition, the social definition of homosexuality & its self-attribution may change over time or over the course of an individual's life. Taking these complexities into account, the social worker must discard the traditional binary model of heterosexual versus homosexual in favor of a model that incorporates relevant psychosocial factors. A definitional model is presented. 1 Figure. Author Summary
Desc.: Homosexual, Homosexuality; (see also Gay) (215000); Social work (433700); Model, Modeling, Models (274400)
Ident.: homosexuality, social work definitional model proposed;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 57
163380 85W4596
Foster Family Care for Frail Elderly: A Cost-Effective Quality Care Alternative
Vandivort, Rita; Kurren, Gaile M.; Braun, Kathryn
Queen's Medical Center, PO Box 861 Honolulu HI 96808
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1984, 7, 4, July, 101-114. CODEN JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The development of cost-effective, community alternatives for the chronically ill has been a serious concern for a decade. The expansion of the elderly population has been well-documented. In Hawaii, eg, projections show a need for an additional 1, 602 long-term-care beds by the year 2000, almost double the current capacity. The state Medicaid program is searching for ways to reduce the $50 million spent in 1982 for institutional long-term care. Already experiencing the shortage of long-term beds, hospitals have a chronic loss of revenue potential through the holding of nonacute patients in the hospital while waiting for a nursing home bed vacancy. At one 500-bed acute-care hospital, 25-30 beds daily are occupied by nursing home waitlisted clients. The waitlisted days per patient average 20.4. In Sept 1979, the hospital's department of social work began foster family care for elderly persons eligible for nursing home care. Foster families are extensively screened & trained for the severely dependent clients. The social worker & registered nurse team are closely involved in placements, developing & implementing an individualized written treatment plan to assure the clients quality of care. Data collected from case studies over the past 3 years indicate that this setting provides cost-effective, quality care. Overall scoring on bathing, dressing, toileting, transfer, & continence, utilizing the KATZ (not identified) Activity of Daily Living, shows that 71% of the clients (number of cases not provided) improve after 3 months on placement. Of 5% incontinent at placement, 33% make significant improvement; & of 41% requiring adaptive devices & assistance for walking, 48% show functional improvements in walking. Furthermore, the cost of this type of care is only 50% of that for institutional care. Examined are the multiple needs served through the program: the elderly person's need of a therapeutic, caring environment; the hospital's need to curb loss of potential revenue; & the need of the Medicaid program to contain costs. Also reviewed are client characteristics, foster family characteristics, quality assurance, & overall cost-effectiveness of the foster family model. 30 References. HA
Desc.: Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Foster, Fosters, Fosterage, Fosterhome, Fosterhomes (187175); Family, Families (171600); Health care (208100); Hawaii, Hawaiian, Hawaiians (207250)
Ident.: frail elderly foster family care, cost-effective quality care alternative; case study data; Hawaii;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 58
163358 85W4574
On the Place of Reality in Social Work and Psychoanalytic Theory
Saari, Carolyn
School Social Work Loyola U, Chicago IL 6061
Clinical Social Work Jrnl 1983, 11, 1, spring, 7-21. CODEN: CSWJBG
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The theoretical concepts involving reality as they were used in orthodox psychoanalytic theory are reviewed, & it is concluded that purely empiricist thinking of the type common in Sigmund Freud's time has contributed to problems experienced within the social work profession. Proposed is the consideration of a view of meaningful reality as constructed through interpersonal transactions based on the model of the transitional object. This model may hold promise for better understanding of the relationship between the person & the situation, of some aspects of the treatment relationship, & ways in which to measure treatment effectiveness. 25 References. HA
Desc.: Reality (372000); Psychoanalysis, Psychoanalytic,
Psychoanalyst, Psychoanalysts (354000); Social work (433700)
Ident.: reality concepts, psychoanalytic theory, social work implications;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 59
163327 85W4543
The Concept of "Integrated" Services Reconsidered
Martin, Patricia Yancey; Chackerian, Richard; Imershein, Allen W.; Frumkin, Michael L.
Florida State U, Tallahassee 32306
Social Science Quarterly 1983, 64, 4, Dec, 747-763. CODEN: SSQTAL
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Services "integration" is presented as a multidimensional concept & analyzed as an organizational innovation relative to: (1) four hierarchical levels of service delivery systems; (2) causal relations among the dimensions of integration; & (3) claimed benefits of integrated services. The focus of analysis is human services, but extensions are made to other service sectors (ie, local government). It is concluded that a dimensional (rather than global) approach facilitates research, practice, & theorizing relative to services integration. 2 Figures, 44 References. HA
Desc.: Human Services (217120); Integrate, Integrated, Integrates,
Integration, Integrative (236110)
Ident.: human services integration;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 60
163263 85W4479
Opportunities for Prevention of Domestic Neglect and Abuse of the Elderly
Douglass, Richard L.
Jewish Home Aged, 19100 West Seven Mile Rd Detroit MI 48219
Prevention in Human Services 1983, 3, 1, fall, 135-150. CODEN: PHSEDF
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The social problem of domestic neglect & abuse of the elderly, though not uncommon in the US, has not been sufficiently researcher. An interview survey of official care providers, police, & other involved personnel in Mich (number of cases = 228 usable responses) revealed that the oldest & most frail elderly are at the greatest risk. Victims tend to be liking with adult children or other informal caretakers who become neglectful or abusive when the burdens of providing care for a frail, elderly person interact with stress, inadequate preparation, medical problems of the caretaker, alcohol abuse, financial difficulties, & other situational factors. Family histories of neglect or abuse & other causal hypotheses have also been investigated. A review of recent studies reveals general agreement regarding the nature & apparent dynamics of this emerging problem among the elderly. Opportunities for prevention are discussed in terms of current models of service to the aging & redirection of other public health & social services. 16 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Domestic, Domestics, Domestication, Domesticated (136325); Abuse, Abuses, Abusing, Abusive (001050); US, US (477200); Michigan (271910); Prevention, Preventive (345600); Health services (208300)
Ident.: elderly persons, domestic neglect abuse, US; interview survey; official care providers/police/other personnel, Michigan; prevention opportunities, public health services;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 61
163255 85W4471
Intervention with Battered Women: The Lawyer-Social Worker Team
Costantino, Cathy
Social Work 1981, 26, 6, Nov, 456-460. CODEN: SOWOA8
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Battered women have not received effective service from either the social work or legal professions. The factors behind this lack of effectiveness are explored & a model is proposed for multidisciplinary intervention with four basic components: intake, social work intervention, legal intervention, & collaborative activities. HA
Desc.: Battered (051240); Woman, Women; (see also Female) (490000); Intervention (240965); Lawyer, Lawyers (249460); Social worker, Social workers (433850)
Ident.: battered women, multidisciplinary intervention model, lawyer/social worker team;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 62
163241 85W4457
Are Occupational Therapists Cinderellas
Borsay, Anne
Saint David's University Coll, Lampeter Dyfed SA48 7ED Wales
Social Policy and Administration 1983, 17, 2, summer, 130-141. CODEN: SPOAD4
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Organizational problems created by the entrance of occupational therapists into British social service departments (SSDs) are studied, using the case of the rehabilitation section of a large Midlands SSD. The dual-influence situation of a specialist supervising a fellow professional is defined. Four curative options are outlined, termed: secondment, outposting, functional monitoring & coordinating, & attachment. The attachment model was adopted by the Midlands SSD. Although the need for occupational therapists to divide their time between professional & managerial tasks impeded informal consultations, training & development of formal departmental procedures eventually led to more consistent & less arbitrary decisions. Professional education enhances role comprehension, leading to case allocation more appropriate to each professional's skills. The low priority of educational reform in the field of occupational therapy is seen as a function of the low priority of disabled people in the SSDs. 2 Tables. D. Graves
Desc.: Britain, British; (see also England, Great Britain) (067100); Social service, Social services (432805); Social disorganization (430750); Occupation, Occupations, Occupational (304000); Therapist, Therapists (464280)
Ident.: British social service departments' social disorganization; occupational therapists' employment;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 63
163231 85W4447
Responsibility Group Counseling
Anderson, Joseph D.
Shippensburg State Coll, PA 17257
Social Work with Groups 1984, 7, 2, summer, 37-53. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Counseling those experiencing interpersonal alienation can be accomplished in groups in which members learn to assume responsibility for themselves & others. A "responsibility group counseling" methodology for social work practice with groups is presented, discussing its principles, structure, techniques, & outcomes. It is emphasized that the groundrules of this model must be followed for it to be effective. 33 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Responsibility, Responsibilities (387200); Group therapy (200070); Social work (433700)
Ident.: responsibility group counseling, social work practice methodology;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 64
163226 85W4442
Work in Social Fields
Travailler le social
Contributor (s): Francq, Bernard; Mormont, Marc; Macquet, C.; Bouche, Madeleine; Dewael, Anne; Frere, Jean-Pol; Lamasch, Bernadette; Mennicken, Jacqueline; Michel, Marie-Madeleine; Van Herstraeten, Claire; Bartholome, .-P.; Kaluma, M. L.; Goffinet, Francoise; Van de Vloet, Yves; Van Uffel, Christian; Troutot, Pierre-Yves; Sauvi, Alain; Dind, Daniel; Vuille, Michel; Chauviere, Michel; Tachon, Michel; Lavigne, Chantal; Dorais, Michel; Renaud, Gilbert; Cossette, Daniel; Audet, Carmen; Letendre, Robert; Panaccio, Monique; Moreau, Maurice; Gourvil, Jean-Marie; Desmarais, Danielle
Revue Internationale d'action communautaire/International Review of Community Development 1982, 7 (47), spring, 9-186. CODEN: RIACDG
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: Canada
Language: French
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Discussing social work & various social services & movements, articles are presented by: Bernard Francq, Comment les politiques sociales se sont-elles constituees en Belgique (How Social Policies Are Constituted in Belgium); Marc Marmont, L'Aide social locale, forme dominee de l'action sociale. Les Centres publics d'aide sociale en milieu rural (Local Social Aid, a Dominated Form of Social Action: Public Social Aid Centers in Rural Areas); C. Macquet, Interrogations sur un modele medical "deliberalise": la maison medicale de Seraing (Liege) (Reflections on a "Nonliberal" Medical Model: The Medical Clinic of Seraing [Liege]); Madeleine Bouche, Anne Dewael, Jean-Pol Frere, Bernadette Lamesch, Jacqueline Mennicken, Marie-Madeleine Michel, & Claire Van Herstraeten, Travail social: champ des contraintes et possibilites d'action (Social Work: A Field of Constraints and of Possibilities for Action); J.-P. Bartholome, Les Droits des jeunes ou quand le juridique enerve le social (The Rights of Youth, or When the Juridical Supercedes the Social); M. L. Kaluma, Travail communautaire et electoralisme-l'exemple de Liege (Community Work and Electoralism: The Example of Liege); Francoise Goffinet, L'Oeuvre nationale de l'enfance: une action preventive exemplaire (The National Organization for Children: An Exemplary Preventive Action); Yves Van de Vloet & Christia Van Uffel, "Methodologie Vous avez dit methodologie..." (Methodology You Said Methodology...); Pierre-Yes Troutot, Les Travailleurs sociaux, la dynamique de l'impuissance et les modeles professionnels: une mse en perspective (Social Workers and the Dynamics of Impotence: Put in Perspective); Alain Sauvin, Des institutions bloquees a l'emergence des pratiques paralleles (Institutions Blocked by the Emergence of Parallel Practices); Daniel Dind, Projet et luttes... dans le champ social et syndical (A Project, a Struggle. .. in the Social Service and Trade Union Fields); Michel Vuille, Que savons-nous des travailleurs sociaux Un Debat a plusiers voix (What Do We Know about Social Workers; A Debate with Several Participants...); Michel Chauviere, Le Contradictoire et les usagers dans le travail social (Contradictions and Consumers in Social Work); Michel Tachon, ravail social: la dialectique equipements-personnels specialises (Social Work: The Dialectic between Equipment and Specialized Personnel); Conditions de la pratique dans les centres de services sociaux (The State of Social Practice in Social Service Centers); Chantal Lavigne, L'Ecoutille: une experience de communication (L'Ecoutille: An Experiment in Communication); Michel Dorais, Mouvement social gai et luttes institutionnelles: des services sociau pour les personnes d'orientation homosexuelle (The Gay Social Movement and Institutional Struggles: Social Services for People of Homosexual Orientation); Gilbert Renaud, Mouvement homosexuel et modernisation technocratique: l'xemple des services sociaux specialises pour les homosexuels (Social Movement and Technocratic Modernization: The Case of Specialized Social Services for Homosexuals); Centres locaux de services communautaires: ou en sont les pratiques sociales (Local Community Services Centers: The Present State of Social Service Practices); Daniel Cossette & Carmen Audet, Psychiatrie alternative ou alternative a la psychiatrie-documents pour un debat (Alternative Psychiatry, or an Alternative to Psychiatry-Documentation for a Debate); Robert Letendre & Monique Panaccio, Solidarite-psychiatrie: une reponse alternative a la folie (Solidarity-Psychiatry: An Alternative to Mental Illness); Maurice Moreau, L'Appr oche structurelle familiale en service social: le resultat d'un itinereire critique (A Structural Approach to Social Work with the Family: Results of a Critical Review); Jean-Marie Gourvil, Les Innovations dans le champ du travail social (Innovations in the Field of Social Work); & Danielle Desmarais, Stress, sante mentale et syndicalisme. L'Approche de l'"Institute for Labor and Mental Health" (Stress, Mental Health and Unions: the Institute for Labor and Mental Health). S. Stanton
Desc.: Social work (433700); Social service, Social services (432805); Social movements (432170)
Ident.: social work/services/movements; various articles;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 65
163224 85W4440
Recruiting and Retaining Human Service Volunteers: An Empirical Analysis
Watts, Ann DeWitt; Edwards, Patricia Klobus
Col Architecture & Ur Studies Virginia Polytechnic Instit & State U, Blacksburg 24061
Jrnl of Voluntary Action Research 1983, 12, 3, July-Sept, 9-22. CODEN JVARDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An examination of alternative methods of human service volunteer recruitment (word of mouth, newspaper appeals, contacts with clients' relatives, & radio/television appeals) & retention (reimbursement for expenses, training sessions, opportunities for promotion to paid employment, increased flexibility in scheduling, & increased responsibilities). Analyzed are relationships among organizational variables (agency function, size, proportion of female volunteers, & change in number of volunteers over time) with respect to the utility of the aforementioned methods in a sample of 124 human service agencies in 5 Va cities. Data were gathered through a self-administered questionnaire mailed in 1980 to an administrator in each agency, & a follow-up survey sent 2 months later. Results revealed that 92%-100% of administrators considered word of mouth a useful recruitment technique, & that retention methods were considered less effective than the recruitment methods used. 2 Tables, 37 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Human Services (217120); Volunteer, Volunteers (482200); Recruits, Recruitment (376200); Agency, Agencies (020200); Organization, Organizations, Organizational, Organize, Organizers, Organized, Organizing (313000)
Ident.: human service agency volunteer recruitment methods' efficiency; agency size/function/staffing; mail questionnaire/survey; administrators, Virginia cities;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 66
163217 85W4433
Populism and the Social Services
Pinker, Robert
London School Economics & Political Science, Aldwyh WC2A 2AE England
Social Policy and Administration 1984, 18, 1, spring, 89-99. CODEN: SPOAD4
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
A discussion of the concept of populism in GB's social services in the context of the Barclay Report ("Social Workers: Their Role and Tasks, " National Institute for Social Work, Bedford Square Press/NVCO, 1982). Social work pursues the intrinsically difficult to reconcile goals of upward accountability, with its emphasis on hierarchy, procedures, & professionalism, a populist commitment to working with the local community. The majority opinion in the Barclay Report attempted to bridge the gap by recommending that all social workers be generalists, dividing work evenly between planning/administrative functions & casework/counseling. One minority report takes the populist position, recommending the "patch" model, which would commit social workers to increased community involvement subject to community control. The majority opinion would detract from professionalism & create inefficiency by preventing specialization. The "patch" model also would deemphasize professionalism by reducing the discretionary authority of social workers & result in the loss of financial support from the central government, due to the lack of accountability. The populist dimension is important, but should be subordinate to the social worker's accountability to the Social Services department, which ultimately is accountable through the political process. Radical changes in social policy are made by the central government, & populism often is a tactic used by those out of power to prevent or mitigate such changes. J. Woodward
Desc.: Populism, Populist (340300); Social service, Social services (432805); Great Britain; (see also Britain, England, UK) (197530)
Ident.: populism concept, GB social services, Barclay Report;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 67
163121 85P4650
A Formula for Determining Social Worker Positions Based upon the Pardes Method
Eaglstein, A. Solomon; Pardes, Yosef
Social Indicators Research 1983, 13, 1, July, 59-68. CODEN: SINRDZ
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An alternative approach to traditional ad hoc methods of determining social worker positions is presented, based on collection of objective data for inclusion in a mathematical formula. This approach, developed in Israel in the late 1970s (Pardes, Y., An Equation for Determining Community Worker Positions in Local Authorities, Bar-Ilan University Publications, 197?), assures the employment of identical criteria & administrative procedures for the assignment of social workers' positions. It guarantees that, for a given number of social work bureaus, the assignment is equitable. Presented as a particular example is the case of social services provided by regional councils in Israel. The formula includes as variables: number of residents within each council's jurisdiction, community distress, & distance traveled by social workers between council settlements. 1 Table, 2 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Job, Jobs (245000); Determinant,
Determinants, Determination, Determinism, Deterministic, Determinancy (13114?); Israel, Israeli, Israelis (243300)
Ident.: social work positions determination approach, Y. Pardes's method; Israeli regional councils;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-forecasting, planning; (7240)

Y009037 68 
13119 85P4648
The Coming Crunch in Rental Housing
Downs, Anthony
Brookings Instit, Washington DC 20036
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1983,
465, Jan, 76-85. CODEN: AAYPAV
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Rental housing still accommodates over 33% of all US households, with 8 out of 9 rental units privately owned. Yet recent moves of many better-off households to homeownership have shifted the composition of renters toward higher fractions of the poor. Although residential rents have lagged behind living costs for 20 years, investing in rental units has been kept profitable by tax shelter & other factors. Higher real capital costs will weaken most of these factors in the 1980s, while also making homeownership more difficult, which will raise demands for rental housing. Hence, rents will rise rapidly, penalizing the poor. Rent controls might help temporarily, but would aggravate shortages in the long run. A better policy would be to allow rents to rise enough to motivate developers to build new units, & to aid the poor through a nationwide housing voucher program. This could be paid for by moderately reducing existing tax benefits enjoyed by more affluent homeowners. Modified HA
Desc.: Rent, Rents (383590); Housing (216400)
Ident.: rental housing, future trends;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-forecasting, planning; (6240)

Y009037 69
163089 85P4618
The Psychology and Economics of Scarcity in Human Services: A Symposium
Contributor (s): Goldman, William; Pilisuk, Marc; England, Mary Jane; Foley, Henry A.; Schneider, Iris; Gurin, Arnold; Mogulof, Melvin; Aaron, Henry; Brenner, Harvey; Fein, Rashi
American Jrnl of Orthopsychiatry 1980, ?0, 2, Apr, 198-238. CODEN: AJORAG
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Presented is a symposium on the impact on mental health services of the passage of Proposition 13 (1978) in Calif. William Goldman (Rockridge Health Care Plan, Oakland, Calif) discusses the climate of PO toward government that preceded Proposition 13; the cessation or slowdown of many health, recreation, & education programs & services; & the decline in the quality of the civil service system. In The Future of Human Services Without Funding, Marc Pilisuk (University of California, Davis) identifies the most damaging effect of Proposition 13 as the depression caused among human service professionals, who face the prospect of an ongoing lack of funding support for service programs. Fallacies in the Calif "taxpayers revolt" are analyzed. In Children's Services in Massachusetts: "... and the First Will Come Last" Mary Jane England (Massachusetts department of Mental Health) laments immediate & long-term effects of cutbacks in children's services in Mass in 1975/76, considers philosophical issues involved in child welfare, & compares US & Chinese attitudes toward children. In The Small-Is-Beautiful Approach to Resource Allocation, Henry A. Foley & Iris Schneider (department of Health, Education, & Welfare) summarize the effects of reduced funding for human services in the areas of drug abuse, alcoholism, & mental health, using data from D. Ellenburg's "Health Care and the Early Known Impacts of Proposition 13, " (unpublished manuscript, 1979), & note the failures of matching-funds strategies. In Alternative Responses to the Pressures of Proposition 13, Arnold Gurin (Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass) addresses the social & economic advantages & costs of the use of alternative funding sources in government, eg, the use of Title Twenty or Aim for Dependent Children programs. In Assessing the Reactions to Proposition 13, Melvin Mogulof considers conceptual strategies for "counterbudgeting" for the continuation of human services. In The Dilemma of Proposition 13: Panel Discussion perspectives on social service policy, public resentment against big government, the wisdom of socioeconomic redistribution, & the impact of health & welfare service cutbacks from Proposition 13 & similar initiatives are discussed by Harvey Brenner, Henry Aaron, Rashi Fein, Henry Foley, Arnold Gurin, Melvin Mogulof, Marc Pilisuk, & William Goldman. 27 References. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Mental health (267000); Hu man Services (217120); California, Californian, Californians (068950); Fund, Funds, Funding (191560); Legislation; (see also Law, Legal) (25?575)
Ident.: mental health services, California's Proposition 13 funding cuts impact; symposium;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy administration (social administration, analysis of laws and acts, language, etc.); (7230)

Y009037 70
163083 85P4612
Citizen Advocacy in the Implementation of Federal Block Grants at State and Local Levels of Government: The California Experience
Stoner, Madeleine R.
School Social Work U Southern California, Los Angeles 90089
Social Development Issues 1983, 7, 3, winter, 8-21. CODEN: SDEIDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPOA
An examination of the interaction between the community & service delivery systems, drawing on the experience in 1982 of the Block Grant Advisory Task Force in Calif, which succeeded in preserving the integrity of services in the block grant system. Some earlier successes of community-based organizations are reviewed. Major concerns about the direction of citizen advocacy toward cost containment & reduction in social spending that have surfaced over the past decade are discussed, & an inventory of community efforts that might reverse this trend is presented. It is argued that organized advocacy has effectively restrained state government from completely emasculating human services & can continue to do so. 21 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Human Services (217120); Fund, Funds, Funding (191560); Advocacy (0162?5); California, Californian, Californians (068950)
Ident.: federal Block Grant Advisory Task Force, California, 1982 experience; community/human service delivery interaction, advocacy potential;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy administration (social administration, analysis of laws and acts, language, etc.); (?230)

Y009037 71
163062 85P4591
The Determinants of Social Policy. A Case Study: Regulating Health and Safety at the Workplace in Sweden
Navarro, Vicente
School Hygiene & Public Health Johns Hopkins U, Baltimore MD 21005
International Jrnl of Health Services 1983, 13, 4, 517-561. CODEN: IJHSC6
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPOA
An analysis & critique of the "technocratic" view of occupational health & safety policies (OHSPs), which sees the values of the personnel of the "postindustrial" regulatory agencies as the most important determinant of those policies. An alternate position is put forth explaining these OHSPs as primarily the result of different degrees of political power of the two major social classes (labor & capital) & the set of influences exerted on the regulators agencies by instruments (eg, political parties, unions, trade organizations) of those social classes. An analysis of the historical evolution of labor & capital classes & their conflict in both civil & political societies better explains the Swedish OHSPs than a mere analysis of the regulators' views. OHSPs in Sweden are not identical to those in the US-as the "technocratic" theorists assume-but rather offer more protection to the workers-a result of labor's greater power in Sweden than in the US. 9 Tables, 8 Figures, 44 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Occupation, Occupations, Occupational (304000); Health, Healthy (208000); Safety (399500); Policy, Policies (339500); Sweden, Swedish (453335)
Ident.: occupational health/safety policies, technocratic view critiqued, alternative position; Sweden case example;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy administration (social administration, analysis of laws and acts, language, etc.); (7230)

Y009037 72
162937 85P4466
Project Evaluation in a Futures Real Time System
Hayden, F. Gregory
U Nebraska, Lincoln 68588
Jrnl of Economic Issues 1982,16, 2, June, 401-411. CODEN: JECIAR
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
It is asserted that the correct basis for temporal evaluation of alternative programs & projects is timeliness. In designing programs for sociotechnical systems, it is important that delivery be consistent with the needs of the recipient social nodes. Timeliness requires that the following question be asked: Which projects will deliver the right amount of social goods & services at the right point in the social process to allow for the integration, maintenance, & improvement of the social fabric. Temporal evaluation should be conducted to provide answers to questions regarding when impacts should be delivered. An evaluation device consistent with the requirements of social timeliness is provided here. To that end, temporal concepts found in computer real time systems are to be used in conjunction with institutionalist economics concepts. This approach is in direct disagreement with neoclassical time stream discounting. For planning purposes, evaluation should assist in decision making with regard to the coordination of collective social motions & activities, & to the sequencing of events. When the social sequencing approach is emphasized, time is no longer thought of in terms of continuity, but of duration between sequential events. A time clock is not measuring a continuous stream of moments, but a motion that has been chosen as the common denominator or instrument for measuring the duration of other motions, or duration between events. Temporal evaluation that judges whether a project correctly sequences the delivery of impacts with system needs is seen to be consistent with the basic concepts of computer science real time. 5 Figures. AA
Desc.: Program evaluation (348670); Time (465000)
Ident.: alternative program/project evaluation, timeliness criterion; impact delivery, computer real time consistency;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-evaluation research (definition, methods, etc.); (7220)

Y009037 73
162801 85P4330
How Many Physicians Are Enough
Ginzberg, Eli
Graduate School Business Columbia U, New York NY 10027
The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1983,
468, July, 205-215. CODEN: AAYPAV
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Although it is difficult to ascertain whether or not the nation faces an oversupply of physicians in the coming decades, there is no doubt that a health care system can be operated more effectively with a taut than a loose supply of medical personnel. The perception of severe specialty & geographic imbalance, which informed national health policy during the 1960s & 1970s, has been modified by evidence of a significant redistribution in the supply. Increasing numbers of practitioners are likely to effect further escalation in the costs of physician services & total expenditures for health care, even if-in conformity with classical laws of supply & demand-individual MDs' incomes & the relative economic advantage of the profession were to decline. Since the objective of improved access has, to a considerable extent, been realized, the principal benefit of the loosened supply in the future will be to facilitate the initiation of innovative practice modes & alternative health care delivery systems that offer the potential of improved efficiency & quality. HA
Desc.: Physician, Physicians (334500)
Ident.: physician oversupply problem, future implications;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy studies/sciences: formulation & analysis (welfare state, public policy, decision making, etc.); (7210)

Y009037 74
162705 85D3302
The Proximate Determinants of fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa
Bongaarts, John; Frank, Odile; Lesthaeghe, Ron
Center Policy Studies Population Council, 1 Dag Hammarskjold Plaza New York NY 10017
Population and Development Review 1984, 10, 3, Sept, 511-57. CODEN: PDERDO
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
While standards of living in the poorest countries of Latin America & Asia, on the average, have been rising, they actually declined in the low income countries of Africa during the 1970s, when population growth exceeded small gains in economic growth. While sub-Saharan African governments have not shown much concern about demographic trends in the past, this situation is now changing & policies to reduce fertility rates are being sought. In this context, an assessment of the proximate determinants of fertility levels & differintials for the region are provided, through secondary analysis of United Nations & other statistics regarding: (1) proportion of women married or in sexual unions, (2) Frequency of intercourse, (3) postpartum abstinence, (4) lactational amenorrhea, (5) contraception, (6) induced abortion, (7) spontaneous intrauterine mortality, (8) natural sterility, & (9) pathological sterility. 6 Figures, 3 Tables, 25 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Africa, African, Africans (018500); Fertility (177440)
Ident.: African fertility; UN/other statistics;
Sect. Head.: social development-demographic change; (8380)

Y009037 75
162680 85D3277
Social Work Education Patterns in Five Developing Countries: Relevance of U.S. Microsystems Model
Brigham, Thomas M.
California State U, Fresno 93740
Jrnl of Education for Social Work 1982, 18, 2, spring, 68-75. CODEN JESWAD
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Social work education patterns were observed during 1978 visits to 5 developing countries: India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Israel, & Singapore. The total number of cases of social work schools appeared not to be related to size of country, degree of development, or relative socioeconomic situation. The predominant curricular focus was a casework-clinical US model, increasingly questioned by indigenous social work educators. Except in India, the most prevalent social work practice degree was the bachelor's degree. Questions are raised about form, content, & amount of social work education/training in developing countries. 2 Tables. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Education, Educational, Educator,
Educators, Educationally (146000); Developing countries (131197)
Ident.: social work education patterns, developing countries, US model's relevance;
Sect. Head.: social development-education for change; (8375)

Y009037 76
162363 84W4380
The PLATO System: An Alternative Instructional Approach
Shaffer, Gary L.
School Social Work U Illinois, Urbana 60801
Arete 1982, 7, 2, winter, 69-72. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Remote training & teaching alternatives (RTAs) little used in social work education will find greater acceptance during this decade. The applicability of one such alternative, the PLATO system (Programmed logic for Automated Teaching Operations), is being evaluated by the PLATO Child Welfare Demonstration Project at the University of Illinois. The advantages & disadvantages of the whole range of RTAs need to be explored by educators & practitioners alike, as instructional demands escalate & program funds diminish. HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Education, Educational, Educator, Educators, Educationally (146000); Training, Trainer (469000); Teaching; (see also Programmed learning) (455300)
Ident.: social work; education; remote training & teaching alternatives, Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations system;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 77
162351 8W4368
A Critical Analysis of Power in Professional-Client Relations
Martin, Patricia Yancey
School Social Work Florida State U, Tallahassee 32306
Arete 1981, 6, 3, spring, 35-48. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: OPODA
A critical analysis of the sources & nature of power in professional-client relations, with three goals: (1) to increase awareness of the determinants of power differentials in relations between professionals & clients & between service organizations & professionals; (2) to sensitize service workers to the power aspects of such relationships; & (3) to identify alternatives for service organizations, service workers, & the clients of social services for reducing the undesirable consequences of power. To achieve these goals, Peter M. Blau's theory of social exchange (see SA 13: 2/65B4829) & Douglas Rosenthal's models of traditional versus paticipatory client roles (Lawyer and Client: Who's in Charge New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1974) are reviewed. 1 Table, 1 Figure. Modified HA
Desc.: Profession, Professions, Professional, Professionals, Professionalism, Professionalized (348400); Relations, Relational (382485); Client, Clients, Clientele (091625)
Ident.: professional-client relations/power; critical analysis;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 78
162349 84W4366
Toward a Wholistic Helper Profile
Malon, Donald W.; Spencer, Donna M.
School Social Work Saint Louis U, MO 63103
Arete 1980, 6, 2, fall, 13-20. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Current models for teaching communication skills are primarily verbal, & tend to focus on discrete units of behavior. Here, a wholistic view of skills training is presented shifting the focus from discrete to cumulative helping skills, both verbal & nonverbal. Videotaped interviews of 22 baccalaureate social work students were analyzed to explore differences in the cumulative levels of verbal helping skills. A model for assessing nonverbal "response attentiveness" is introduced & applied to determine levels of nonverbal helping that correspond to levels of verbal helping. The result is a wholistic profile of helped skills that integrates & expands the core conditions of effective communication. 2 Figures. Modified HA
Desc.: Communication, Communications, Communicative, Communicating,
Communicator, Communicational (103000); Help, Helping, Helper, Helpers (212570); Social work (433700)
Ident.: communication skills training, wholistic helper profile; videotaped interviews; social work students;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 79
162342 84W4359
Social Work: Back to the Poor Law
Jordan, Bill
U Exeter, EX4 4QJ England
New Society 1982, 60, 1016, 6 May, 208-210. CODEN: NWSOAN
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A discussion of the weaknesses of the "Barclay report" (Social Workers: Their Role and Tasks, Bedford Square Press, no further publication information provided). The report was written at the request of Patrick Jenkin, the United Kingdom Social Services Secretary, to study the role of social workers in the social welfare state. While the report provides a synchronic analysis of current United Kingdom social worker functions, no attempt is made to discuss the past evolution of social work or to offer a prognosis of its future development. The three models presented of community social work are largely abstract & do little to help solve current controversies within the United Kingdom social welfare system. Final recommendations for the creation of an independent inspectorate for social work, analogous to the National Health Service's inspectorate, represent a compromise between semiprofessionalization & political accountability. 2 Photographs. M. Meeks
Desc.: United Kingdom, UK; (see also Britain, England, Great Britain) (477140); Social welfare (433500); Social worker, Social workers (433850)
Ident.: UK social welfare system, social workers' role, "Barclay report";
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 80
162331 84W4347
Independent Social Workers and the Courts: Advise, Resist and Defend
Giller, Henri; Morris, Allison
U Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG England
The Jrnl of Social Welfare Law 1982, Jan, 29-41. CODEN: JSWLDX
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An exploratory study of 12 child care & protection cases in which a panel of independent social workers prepared social inquiry reports to aid in court adjudication. Interviews were conducted with the parents, lawyers, panel members, & local authority social worker to determine their perceptions & opinions of the role of independent social workers. The findings suggest that alternative social inquiry reports are not necessarily independent, & that pursuing "the best interests of the child" marks certain interests, ideologies, & orientations. Also, since those undertaking such inquiries act frequently as negotiators, rather than challengers, it is possible that a service designed to protect the rights of children & families may, in fact, bargain them away. 1 Appendix. Modified AA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Court, Courts, Courtly (118000); Social worker, Social workers (433850)
Ident.: court adjudication, children's rights; independent social workers' inquiry reports; interviews; parents/lawyers/social workers;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 81
16318 84W4334
Alternative Routes to Public Recognition for Social Work
Brawley, Edward A.
Pennsylvania State U, University Park 16802
Arete 1983, 8, 2, fall, 1-9. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The social work profession has invested an enormous amount of time, energy, & financial resources in the effort to achieve licensure or some form of legal regulation of social work. While it may be important to sustain some effort in the area of licensure, the investment of financial, political, & other resources in this effort may be disproportionate to the segment of the profession that benefits. It is suggested that devoting more resources to alternative public recognition strategies might be more beneficial for the profession as a whole. HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Recognition (375000)
Ident.: social work, licensure/public regulation;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 82
162316 84W4331
Enhancing Social Work Education through Use of Drama Students as "Clients" in Role Play
Berliner, Arthur K.
Texas Christian U, Fort Worth 76129
Arete 1982, 7, 2, winter, 61-67. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The normative model of social work education combines academic & field education. A substantial gap exists between the two modalities because of their differing emphasis. To bridge this gap & enhance sequential learning, some programs introduce role plays in the classroom. However, since "social workers" & "clients" typically are drawn from the same class, existing personal relationships tend to interfere with attempts at role playing. Moreover, since social work students are not professional actors, it may be difficult for them to enact client roles realistically; thus exercises may be performed awkwardly & self-consciously. Experiences using University drama majors as "clients" are described, identifying the educational benefits & problems in implementing this program. Necessary conditions are outlined for development of such a program in an academic setting. HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Education, Educational, Educator,
Educators, Educationally (146000); Role, Roles (394000)
Ident.: social work education, role play drama students as "clients";
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 83
162273 84W4288
The Role of "Children's Hearings" in Child Abuse and Neglect
Martin, F. M.; Murray, Kathleen; Millar, Helen
Department Social Administration & Social Work, 53 Southpark Ave Glasgow G12 8LF Scotland
Child Abuse and Neglect 1982, 6, 3, 313-320. CODEN: CABND3
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The juvenile justice system established in Scotland in 1971, in which lay volunteers play a central part, provides a framework for making decisions about children in need of care & protection as well as those who have committed delinquent acts. Although cases of child abuse & neglect have come increasingly to the attention of children's hearing in recent years, they nevertheless constitute a small fraction of a workload dominated by cases of delinquency & truancy. In 1981, 43 such hearings were systematically observed & 120 of the participating panel members interviewed. Examination of these results indicates a heavy dependence on social workers' recommendations; a reluctance to open up sensitive areas for discussion, even though these may be of central importance; & an apparent lack of curiosity about the arrangements made for children removed from their homes, & the implications of these. It is concluded that the anxiety generated by child abuse & neglect has prevented panel members from recognizing the distinctive features of their role in the decision-making process & has led them to fall back on an inappropriate model of practice derived from delinquency hearings. An alternative model is outlined. 4 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Child Abuse; (see also Child Neglect) (081235); Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Court, Courts, Courtly (118000); Scotland, Scottish (410825)
Ident.: child abuse/neglect; "children's hearings"' role/adequacy; observation/interviews; hearings/panel members; Scotland;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 84
162259 84W4274
The Health Status of the French People, 1930-1978
Etat de sante des Francais 1930-1978
Patton, Francoise; Varnoux, Noelle; Deruffe, Louise; Guirriec, Jacqueline
Instit national sante recherche medicale, 101 rue de Tolbiac 75645 Paris Cedex 13 France
Revue francaise des affaires sociales 1980, 34, 4, Oct-Dec, 109-134. CODEN: RFASA6
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: France
Language: French
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Mortality rates in France are compared for the years 1930 & 1978 by such categories as age, sex, & cause of death. The principal causes of death in 1978 were circulatory illnesses (3?.1%), tumors (23%), accidents (8.8%), respiratory diseases (6.7%), & digestive problems (6.1%). In comparative terms, the trend is toward decreased mortality; ie, whereas 30% of those born did not survive the age of 45 in 1930, only ?% did not in 1978. Other indices of basic health have improved also; eg, life expectancy has increased 15 years for men & 18 for women. 13 Tables, 9 Graphs. S. Karganovic
Desc.: Health, Healthy (208000); France, French (187500)
Ident.: health status, French people, 1930 vs 1978; mortality rates;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 85
162183 84W4197
Operationalizing the Person-Environment Conceptual Framework for Social Work Intervention with Depressed Clients
Wetzel, Janice Wood
Smith Coll, Northampton MA 01063
Arete 1980, 6, 2, fall, 33-42. CODEN: ARETDV
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Focus is on development of a person-environment model of depression & the step-by-step thought processes involved in the selection of variables to be addressed. Data were obtained from 2 samples (100 white females & 300 white, Mexican-American, & black women & men, respectively) relative to the problem of depression (details of data collection methods not provided). The results of data analysis provide social workers & educators with substantive practice-relevant knowledge concerning significant personality & environmental variables that affect depression. Suggestions for intervention are also discussed. 1 Table. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Depression (129000)
Ident.: social work intervention, depressed clients; person-environment conceptual framework operationalisation;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 86
162172 84W4186
An Examination of Two Social Treatment Models with Abusive Families
Sturke, D. Kinly; Flanzer, Jerry P.
Graduate School Social Work U Arkansas, Little Rock 72204
Social Work Papers 1981, 16, spring, 53-62. CODEN: SWPADO
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A contrastive analysis of two models for treatment of families suffering from both alcoholism & some other type of abusive behavior. Interview data were collected from families (number of cases = 65) undergoing therapy in 1978 in Pulaski County, Ark, under the auspices of the Arkansas Alcohol & Child Abuse Demonstration Project. The generic family model holds that adolescent maladaptive behavior can best be treated by changing a poor system of family relationships into a stable support network. The management model is based on Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of personal needs, extrapolated to the family level (Motivation and Personality, New York: Harper & Row, 1954). Family members are encouraged to establish their own identities, leading to true reintegration of the family. The findings show that the generic family model provided more reliable results in rehabilitating the families studied. Modified HA
Desc.: Family, Families (171600); Abuse, Abuse, Abusing, Abusive (001050); Alcoholic, Alcoholics, Alcoholism (027000); Treatment (472400); Social work (433700)
Ident.: abusive-alcoholic families, contrastive social work treatment models; interviews;
Section Headings: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 87
16239 84W4153
The New Orphans: Other Paths to Permanence
Powell, John; Powers, Douglas
Residential Group Case & Treatment 1983, 2, 1-2, fall-winter, 59-69. CODEN: RGCTDT
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An alternitive to permanent adoption for "new orphans, " or foster care children in the custody of social service departments, is reviewed. Some residential treatment centers have established small group homes, providing displaced children with in extended caring family, certainty, & structure. Examples of successful satellite groups are given & the attractive characteristics of the arrangement are noted, including the treatment center's ability to provide extended medical & psychiatric care, to share philosophies with the group home, & to offer a greater sense of security & a smoother transition to the child. 5 References. J. Cannon
Desc.: Foster care (187182); Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Adopt, Adoption, Adopted, Adoptive (014800)
Ident.: foster care children in social service department's custody, permanent adoption alternative;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 88
162116 84W4130
Student Community Work: A Social Problems Approach in Newcastle, Australia
Mills, Graham G.
Newcastle Coll Advanced Education, Warauah New South Wales 2298 Australia
Community Development Jrnl 1984, 19, 1, Jan, 40-45. CODEN: CYDJAU
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Community work has become an important part of the social work curriculum in Australia. One example of this trend is reviewed: the Newcastle college of Advanced Education Community Development Vocational Forum, as seen during personal experience in teaching its welfare course. Five stages in applying social problems theory to community work are recognized in the program: identification of a problem; problem legitimation; plan of action; implementation; & social policy analysis. The program has been successful & become a model for further programs. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Australia Australian, Australians (047700); Social work (433700); Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Program, programs, Programmer, Programmers (348660)
Ident.: community work program incorporation, Australian social work curriculum; social problems approach, Newcastle college example;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 89
162112 84W4125
Out-of-Home Placement Rates
Mech, Edmund V.
School Social Work U Illinois, Urbana 61801
The Social Service Review 1983, 57, 4 Dec, 659-667. CODEN: SSRVAW
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Data are analyzed from the Children & Youth Referral Survey as provided by the Office for Civil Rights. Out-of-home placement rates per 1, 000 children under age 19 were calculated for all states & classified according to racial/ethnic category. Compared with the national placement rate of 4 per 1, 000, black children were placed out-of-home at a rate of 9.5 per 1, 000, followed by American Indian children with a rate of 8.8 per 1,000. Black children comprise only 14% of the population under age 19, but accounted for 33% of all children in out-of-home placement. 4 Tables. AA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Placement (339068)
Ident.: out-of-home child placement rates, racial/ethnic categories; Child & Youth Referral Survey;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 90
162110 84W4123
The Conciliation Court: A Source of Hope for Families
McIsaac, Hugh
Superior Court, 110 North Grant Ave Los Angeles CA 90012
Social Work Papers 1981, 16, spring, 74-81. CODEN: SWPADO
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The Conciliation Court of Los Angeles County, Calif, was established in 1939 as one of the first court agencies to help couples avoid unnecessary divorce & to aid unreconcilable families with issues of financial settlement & child custody in a less polarized, hostile framework than that of the normal divorce court. Since 1954, 24, 609 families have been successfully reconciled by the court. In addition to providing postdissolution counseling for families who must deal with custody & visitation rights, counseling is offered to minors about to marry. In some cases, other courts have required minors to attend these counseling sessions even after parental approval has been given for an early marriage. The court has demonstrated an effective integration of the juridical apparatus with social work. Modified HA
Desc.: Conciliation (108030); Court, Courts, Court?y (118000); Los Angeles, Calif. (253950)
Ident.: Conciliation Court, Los Angeles County, California, divorce court alternative, counseling minors considering marriage;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 91
162097 84W4110
The Medical Center's Impact in the Network to Sustain the Aged in the Community
Lurie, Abraham; Rich, Joy C.
Long Island Jewish-Hillside Medical Center, New Hyde Park NY 11042
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1984, 7, 3, May, 65-73. CODEN: JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1984
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Described is the process by which the social work department of a medical enter ascertained the need to offer a continuum of comprehensive services to a high risk elderly population, including aiding & participating with the center's board & administration to develop a varied network of service programs. A community-based program model is used to show the utilization of individual & group modalities in working with this age population. Clinical material is incorporated to emphasize that aging clients are accessible for psychosocial interventions & can utilize their ego strengths through group living & group counseling. Behavioral changes are seen to be brought about through a reintegration of social, emotional, & environmental forces. 6 References. HA
Desc.: Community service, Community services (104200); Psychosocia (see also Social psychology) (361600); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733)
Ident.: community-based psychosocial services model; medical center's impact; elderly;
Section Headings: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 92
162083 84W4096
New York's "Nursing Home without Walls": A Provider-Based Community Care Program for the Elderly
Kodner, Dennis L.; Mossey, Wilfred; Dapello, Rosina DeLuca
Elderplan Inc, 910 48th St Brooklyn NY 11219
Home Health Care Services Quarterly 1983, 4, 3-4, fall-winter, 107-126.
CODEN: HHCQDJ
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
NY's Long Term Home Health Care Program (LTHHCP), also called the "Nursing Home without Walls, " in a community-care model seeking to control Medicaid expenditures by removing barriers to utilization of noninstitutional services. Key goals of the program, begun in 1978, include: provision of information about alternatives to institutionalization of the elderly; better coordination of existing programs; increased availability of home-delivery health care; demonstration of the lower costs of home-delivered care; & maintenance of the elderly within a community environment. The LTHHCP has delivered health care at about 50% of the cost of equivalent institutional care. Interview responses of 40 LTHHCP clients show that almost all are satisfied with the services provided. Recommendations are offered for fiscal reform. 1 Table, 1 Figure. Modified HA
Desc.: New York (298825); Home, Homes (214400); Health care (208100); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733)
Ident.: Long Term Home Health Care Program vs institutionalization, cost efficacy; interview/records; elderly clients; New York State;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 93
162076 84W4089
Helping Troubled Teenagers in Blended and Single-Parent Families
Jackson, Josephine A.
Instit Clinical Social Work, Oakland CA 94615
Social Work Papers 1981, 16, spring, 43-52. CODEN: SWPADO
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The increasing divorce rate has augmented the number of teenagers from single-parent & blended families in need of therapy. Many youths feel that their families deviate from the cultural model, & have unrealistic ideas about what constitutes a "normal" family. The complex problems of working with troubled adolescents from single-parent & blended families demand that a clear conceptual framework be developed for intervention strategies. Family therapy is advanced as a fruitful approach to the problems of such families. The social worker tries to help the parent assume a proper role-identifying the adolescent's problems, defining limits, & determining consequences for the youngster's behavior. The therapist offers to be available for phone consultation with any family member. The success of such an approach is illustrated by three brief case histories. Modified HA
Desc.: Teenage, Teenagers (456900); Family, Families (171600); Therapy, Therapeutic (464300)
Ident.: blended/single-parent families, troubled teenagers' problems; family therapy approach;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6140)

Y009037 94
162065 84W4078
School Social Work: Strategies for Prevention
Grande, Gregory; McClare, Gregory
Social Work Papers 1983, 17, summer, 35-44. CODEN: SWPADO
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The functions & achievements of school social workers are described in a historical review of the development of school social work in Canada. The review is primarily supported by data from a recent survey in which 60 social workers reported current employment in 52 school districts. They also reported that their work focused on the relationship between school, home, & community, as opposed to the older clinical case model. The new direction has meant, in addition to student counseling, an increased use of support groups & parent-student groups. Workers also encourage communications between school & community personnel, & provide multicultural services, often coordinating efforts with other professionals. Several preventive programs begun by school social workers are examined, including a parent-effectiveness-training program, a project for West Indian adolescent, & a program for the early identification of children at risk. Modified HA
Desc.: Canada, Canadian, Canadians (069175); School, Schools (405000); Social worker, Social workers (433850)
Ident.: Canadian school social workers, functions, achievements; survey;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 95
161983 84W3994
Data Processing and the Information Needs of Perinatality and the Care of Young Children
L'Informatique dans les besoins d'information en matiere de perinatalite et de surveillance du jeune enfant
Chapalain, Marie-Therese
Revue francaise des affaires sociales 1981, 35, 2, Apr-June, 105-122. CODEN: RFASA6
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: France
Language: French
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
From 1970 to 1975, France conducted a public health campaign to reduce the incidence of birth defects & infant mortality. The principal objective of cutting perinatal mortality from 1.8% to 0.9% by 1980 was realized in 1975. Considerable progress has been made since then in establishing sound prenatal care programs & in lowering the infant mortality statistics of rural regions. Mandatory medical examinations of children are new performed at birth, at 9 months, & at 2 years of age. Current efforts to create a national database on child health disorders are reviewed. It is stressed that such a system must preserve the traditional rights to privacy of medical records. The cost efficiency of such a program is discussed. 1 Table, 1 Graph, 14 References. HA Tr & Modified by M. Meeks
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Health, Healthy (208000); France, French (187500)
Ident.: child health disorders, national database, France;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 96
161926 84P4224
Planning the Balance of Health and Social Services in the United Kingdom
Boldy, Duncan; Russell, John; Royston, Geogg
Instit Biometry & Community Medicine U Exeter, EX4 4QJ England
Management Science 1982, 28, 11, Nov, 1258-1269. CODEN: MNSCDI
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
Within the context of the UK's severe curtailment of public expenditure, & of local-level health & social services being controlled by separate organizations, alternative means of service delivery are examined. The development of a resource allocation model & its use in a local planning situation are described. Although based on the techniques of mathematical programming, the model does not purport to indicate a single optimum allocation of health & social services resources, but rather to calculate the resource consequences of possible alternative courses of action. As such, its use is seen as iterative, in that health & social service decisionmakers can review & update their assumptions in the light of the results from successive runs of the model. 3 Tables, 4 Figures, 2 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Health, Healthy (208000); Social service, Social services (432805); United Kingdom, UK; (see also Britain, England, Great Britain) (477140)
Ident.: health/social services delivery, public expenditure curtailment, UK; resource allocation model;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-forecasting, planning; (7240)

Y009037 97
161899 84P4196
Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy
L'Interruption volontaire de grossesse
Pierre, Marie-Therese; Jourdain, Alain; Lecorps, Philippe
Revue francaise des affaires sociales 1981, 35, 2, Apr-June, 7-54. CODEN RFASA6
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: France
Language: French
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Survey of the attitudes of French women who have had nontherapeutic abortions up to the twelfth week of pregnancy since the 1967 legalization of abortion. Data from an 80-item questionnaire survey conducted from 1976 to 1978 (number of cases = 18, 119) show that younger unmarried women are more likely to choose abortion than their older counterparts. Reasons cited for pregnancy termination included: romantic or social problems-33%; medical problems-27%; financial problems-20%; no desire to have a child-14%; fear of birth defects-3%; psychological problems-1%; & rape or incest-1%; 1% failed to cite a reason. About 47% of the women used no form of birth control, 35% natural methods, 10% the pill, & 8% chemical or mechanical techniques. It is concluded that wider practice of birth control methods would help eliminate the high incidence of abortion, currently involving about 9% of all pregnancies in France. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 1 Map. M. Meeks
Desc.: Abortion, Abortions (000320); France, French (187500)
Ident.: nontherapeutic abortions, attitudes; questionnaire survey; French women who have legally aborted;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy administration (social administration, analysis of laws and acts, language, etc.); (7230)

Y009037 98
161813 84P4104
An Evaluation of Two Preemployment Services: Impact on employment and Earnings of Disadvantaged Youth
Silkman, Richard; Kelley, John M.; Wolf, Wendy C.
W. Averell Harriman Coll Ur & Policy Sciences State U New York, Albany 12246
Evaluation Review 1983, 7, 4, Aug, 467-496. CODEN: EVREDL
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Participant outcomes (number of cases = 549 & 494) at 2 youth preemployment services initiatives-70001 Ltd & Jobs for Youth-were determined 3 & 8 months after program termination via interview, & compared to outcomes of matched comparison samples (number of cases = 450 & 371). Results indicate that these programs for disadvantaged youth significantly improve both the employment probabilities earnings of participating youths, that the gains in earnings generally hold up between the 3 & 8-month postprogram observations, & that both programs are highly cost-effective, evidencing pay-back periods averaging one year. 8 Tables, 4 Figures, 9 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Employment (154400); Youth, Youths, Youthful (494500)
Ident.: disadvantaged youth preemployment services initiatives, effectiveness; interviews;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-evaluation research (definition, methods, etc.); (7220)

Y009037 99
161711 844000
The Study of Community-Level Nutrition Interventions: An Argument for Reflection-in-Action
Drake, William D.; Miller, Roy I.; Schon, Donald A.
U Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
Human Systems Management 1983, 4, 2, autumn, 82-97. CODEN: HSMADU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An analysis of longitudinal anthropometric data from 8 community nutrition programs shows that the traditional experimental design failed in each instance due to: (1) inaccurate data (2) faulty measurement techniques; or (3) lack of information about the context of the experiment. The reflection-in-action method is an alternative approach, allowing the experimental design to undergo midcourse corrections once the study has begun. Features of reflection-in-action include: explicit intervention strategies; continuous monitoring of data collection procedures; periodic redesign of these procedures; cooperation between researchers, practitioners, & subjects; on-the-spot testing of hypotheses; & explicit enumeration of problems encountered. It is noted that reflection-in-action was successfully used by William D. Drake et al (Nutrition Programs in Sri Lanka Using U. S. Food Aid [An Evaluation of P. L. 480 Title II Programs], Ann Arbor: Communty Systems Foundation, 1982). As reflection-in-action becomes more widely accepted, the role of quantitative analysis in management studies is likely to undergo considerable change. 1 Table, 9 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Nutrition, Nutritional (301400); Program, Programs, Programmer, Programmers (348660); Methodology, Methodologies, Methodological; (see also Method) (271830)
Ident.: community nutrition programs, traditional experimental design failure; reflection-in-action approach alternative;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-evaluation research (definition, methods, etc.); (7220)

Y009037 100
161516 84D2975
Eleven Issues in Literacy for the 1990s
Gillette, Arthur; Ryan, John
UNESCO, 7 Place Fontenoy 75700 Paris France
Assignment Children 1983, 63-64, 19-43. CODEN: ASCHDQ
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
There are 824 million illiterates aged 15+ in the world, over 800 million of whom live in developing countries. An overview of the situation is provided, & major issues & questions regarding world literacy are examined: (1) why literacy is necessary; (2) what literacy is; (3) problems literacy creates; (4) choice of a national language; (5) the primary school's role in adult education; (6) the price of innovation; (7) possible dangers involved in setting target dates; (8) integration with other development projects, & the advantage of an autonomous literacy structure; (9) availability of information on literacy; (10) international resources for literacy; & (11) literacy goals for females. Modified HA
Desc.: Literacy, Literate, Literates (253400); Developing countries (131197); Illiterate, Illiterates, Illiteracy (223635)
Ident.: world literacy, developing countries, 1990s critical issues;
Sect. Head.: social development-demographic change; (8380)

Y009037 101
161283 84W3981
Humanism and Social Work Paradoxes, Problems, and Promises
Goroff, Norman
School Social Work U Connecticut, West Hartford 06117
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1981, 8, 1, Mar, 1-9. CODEN: JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A humanistic approach to social work is outlined, centered on the recognition that all social work practice is political practice. So far as social work takes place within institutions that do not fit humanistic values, the social worker plays an inherently problematic role. The basic choice is between becoming an agent of the status quo, working within vertical relationships & relying on an individual deficit model, or becoming an agent of change, working within horizontal relationships & a political model of human problems. It is important not to confuse simple improvement in social work practice with attainment of humanistic practice; the latter depends on working to change society as a whole so that oppressive relationships are eliminated, & on recognizing that social workers as a profession are either oppressors or oppressed. 17 References. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Social work (433700); Humanism (216750)
Ident.: social work; humanistic approach;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in developing countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (616)

Y009037 102
161261 84W3959
Education for Doctoral Social Work Clinical Practice in the 1980s
Orcutt, Ben A.; Mills, Paul R., Jr.
U Alabama, Tuscaloosa 35486
Social Thought 1982, 8, 4, fall, 38-49. CODEN: SOTHD9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Education for doctoral social work clinical practice in the 1980s is likely to emphasize specificity in middle-range theory; practice methodology; & the integration of theory, research & practice. An advanced practice model is presented that integrates theory, knowledge building, & the evaluation of change in the clinical case process. Evaluation of experience with this model, as rated on a 4-point scale by 9 University of Alabama doctoral students, was positive. 4 Tables, 19 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Social work (433700)
Ident.: doctoral social work clinical practice, 1980s; educational aspects;
Section Hearings: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 103
161258 84W3956
Social Work's Conceptual Frameworks: Uniqueness and Strategies-The Time Is Now
Meyer, Carol H.
School Social Work Columbia U, New York NY 10027
Social Thought 1982, 8, 4, fall, 3-13. CODEN: SOTHD9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The need for definitions of US social work & its conceptual frameworks is addressed, focusing on the model of interaction between individuals & their environment. Social workers' difficulties in promoting beneficial interactions are noted. The usual focus on either person or environment & the centrality of the assessment process in developing alternatives are stressed. Scapegoating of social workers & their clients is examined as an outcome of role ambiguities & contradictory social policies; the importance of using the transactional perspective to overcome these stigmas is discussed & illustrated. Prospects for further specialization are reviewed, emphasizing the difference between a methodological & a "domain" conception of social work. 4 References. L. Whittemore
Desc.: Social work (433700)
Ident.: social work/conceptual frameworks;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 104
161255 8W3952
Incorporation and Specialization of Content on Aging in the Social Work Curriculum
Lowy, Louis
School Social Work Gerontology Center Boston U, MA 02215
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1983, 5, 4, summer, 37-54 CODEN JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A presentation of five models of curriculum organization for transmission of content on aging in social work education. They fall within two basic patterns: incorporation (integration) or specialization (concentration) in the curriculum. These models are further differentiated by educational objectives, orientation to learning & teaching, priority of aging in the school, & students' career interests. Some important issues, eg, the need for empirical data, are addressed against the backdrop of recommendations of the 1981 White House Conference on Aging with regard to the training of personnel working in the field of aging. 1 Table, 26 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Aging; (see also Aged, Geriatric) (021000); Social work (433700)
Ident.: aging content incorporation/specialization, social work curriculum;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 105
161252 84W3949
The Developmental Process of Parish Social Miniseries: A Decade of Experience
Joseph, M. Vincentia
National Catholic School Social Service Catholic U America, Washington DC
20064
Social Thought 1982, 8, 2, spring, 22-35. CODEN: SOTHD9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A phase-specific analysis of the development of agency-affiliated social ministries in the local parish-neighborhood over the past decade is presented. Agency-affiliated programs, eg, the Catholic Charities agency, combine or network the resources of the local parish church with the diocesan or regional church structures to perform social service/social action functions. The six-stage model presented reflects the concept of systems change holding that as growth occurs, it is often accompanied by conflict from both within the system (the agency-parish network) & from outside (external forces, eg, the larger neighborhood community). The impact of resistance or opposition forces as well as of supportive or positive forces is considered, the effects at agency & local operational levels are discussed, & phases of development are outlined. It is concluded that the current social, economic, & political climate compels efforts to strengthen, expand, & enhance this approach. 7 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Catholic, Catholics, Catholicism; (see also Roman Catholic) (073000); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: Catholic social services, recent development;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 106
161247 84W3944
Humanism and Social Work: Paradoxes, Problems, and Promises
Goroff, Norman
U Connecticut, Storrs 06268
Humanity and Society 1982, 6, 4, Nov, 409-16. CODEN: HUSODE
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA
An approach to social work based on humanistic values is proposed. Social work performed within existing institutions is inherently political, whether it works to preserve these institutions or to change them. The basic alternatives are a vertical relationship that accepts existing hierarchies, or a horizontal one that abolishes them. The first approach is linked to an individual deficit model, & inevitably creates distortions & paradoxes in the understanding of situations. It is important to recognize oppressive situations for what they are, & to understand that social workers are either oppressing or oppressed, & can only escape that situation by a transformation of society. 15 References. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Social work (433700); Humanism (216750)
Ident.: social work; humanistic values approach;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 107
161241 84W3937
A Qualitative Look at Black Female Social Work Educators
Davis, Larry; Cartwright, Ramon; Freeman, Phyllis; Carter, Louis
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1982, 9, 1, Mar, 146-153. CODEN JSSWA
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The findings of a research effort that attempted to assess the qualitative experience of 71 black female faculty in schools of social work are presented. Some basic demographics on black females are reported, emphasizing the roles that these women perform in schools of social work & how satisfied they are in these positions. It appears that significant numbers of black female faculty members are on "soft money, " with fewer teaching social policy & administration courses than might be expected. As a group, these females are less satisfied with their academic positions than are their black male counterparts; when "degree held" is controlled for, black females without the doctorate are significantly less satisfied than men. A regression model is used to assess which group of relevant others-faculty, administrators, or students-contributed most significantly to the satisfaction levels of black female faculty. Results suggest that, with respect to interpersonal interactions, white faculty have the greatest effect on the reported job satisfaction levels of black females. Modified HA
Desc.: Black, Blacks (055218); Female, Females; (see also Woman) (177300); Social work (433700)
Ident.: black female social work educators; qualitative experience;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 108
161226 84W3922
Social Values in Social Work: A Developmental Model
Bargal, David
Paul Baerwald School Social Work Hebrew U Jerusalem, Givat-Ram Israel
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1981, 8, 1, Mar, 45-61. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A five-stage model is proposed that describes the development of social values in socialization to social work & other human services professions. The five stages of development are: antecedent factors; anticipatory socialization; professional training period; performance in a professional organization; & the crystalization of a professional worldview. The professional person develops for a very long time before reaching professional maturity, in a constant dialogue between the background factors-needs & motives-& institutional & organizational contexts. Along this developmental sequence, conflicts & incongruencies often arise, & force the developing professional to come out with coping solutions that may involve leaving the field or the profession. Some practical as well as theoretical implications for further research & practice are noted. 1 Figure, 43 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Value, Values, Valuation, Valuations (479000)
Ident.: social work; social values development;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 109
161164 84W3860
The Risk Climate and the Delivery of Child Welfare Services
Cornelius, Sandra; Baker, Timothy
Children & Youth Services, Front & Orange Sts Media PA 19063
Children and Youth Services Review 1982, 4, 4, 325-349. CODEN: CYSRDU
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The community is conceptualized as a "risk climate" in which the traditional child welfare services such as own-home services, foster placement, adoption, & institutionalization are delivered. The community generates incidence of child welfare cases through the pressure of conditions, & affects prevalence by the extent of its response. Any method of allocating scarce resources should take into account variations in the risk climate in order to put resources where the problem is. An effort is made to establish a procedure to achieve this goal through: (1) a literature review to isolate variables related to child welfare service delivery; (2) a report of zero-order relationships between these variables & outcome measures; & (3) the use of a multiple regression analysis to develop predictive procedures. 2 Appendices, 47 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Welfare (489725); Service, Services (417660)
Ident.: child welfare services delivery/"risk climate" variations;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 110
161163 84W3859
Eroding Filial Piety and Its Implications for Social Work Practice
Chen, Pei N.
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1982, 9, 3, Sept, 511-523. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Open-ended hypothetical-case questionnaries were administered to 82 Asian-American social work practitioners in US cities with large Asian communities to assess: (1) the extent of psychological conflict among Asian-American adult children, their aging parents, & the practitioners; (2) the types of alternatives available to such families (eg, custodial or nursing-home care for ailing parents); & (3) the role of practitioners in strengthening or weakening the traditional value of filial piety. Findings indicate a gradual shift of filial responsibilities to health/social service providers with considerable conflicts perceived in affective consequences; while most practitioners recommended use of agency services, their attitudes toward filial piety as a cultural value varied greatly. Recommendations for practitioners are offered that would help strengthen the role of the extended family while allowing for external service delivery to the aging. 1 Table, 17 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Piety (335800); Asia, Asian, Asians, Asiatic (039500); US, US (477200)
Ident.: filial piety erosion; questionnaires; Asian-American social workers; implications for social work practice;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-specific problems in highly industrialized countries (aging, women, minorities, health, fertility, etc.); (6140)

Y009037 111
161140 84W3836
Some Pitfalls in Creating Competition between HMOs and Fee-for-Service Delivery
Homer, Carl G.
U Florida, Gainesville 32611
Jrnl of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1982, 7, 3, fall, 686-706.
CODEN: JHPLDN
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Four propositions inherent in Alain Enthoven's approach to containing the growth of health care expenditures (Health Plan, the Only Practical Solution to the Soaring Cost of Medical Care, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley, 1980) are examined: (1) health maintenance organizations (HMOs) can deliver health care less expensively than the fee-for-service (FFS) system; (2) under certain competitive conditions, HMOs will prosper; (3) HMO successes would force FFS insurers & providers to become more efficient; & (4) creating the competitive conditions would be politically feasible. Reasons for doubting the latter three proposals are identified, & Enthoven's consumer choice health plan is largely rejected. An alternative approach is suggested that would recognize the value of HMOs for their direct effect on expenditures rather than competition. Modified HA
Desc.: Health care (208100); Expenditures (162650)
Ident.: health care expenditure growth; health maintenance organization vs fee-for-service system, Alain Enthoven's consumer choice health plan critiqued;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-private sector and/or public sector activities; (6130)

Y009037 112
161123 84W3816
Natural Networks: Help-Giving and Help-Seeking in Two Rural Communities
Young, Carl E.; Giles, Dwight E., Jr.; Plantz, Margaret C.
Coll Human Development Pennsylvania State U, University Park 16802
American Jrnl of Community Psychology 1982, 10, 4, Aug, 457-469. CODEN: AJCPCK
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A study of helping networks-systems of interpersonal ties used for support & assistance-in rural communities. Households (number of cases = 213) in 2 rural areas were surveyed, one with no mental health or human services, & the other with a full range. Of the respondents, 87% reported being asked for personal help by others, & 81% said they had had one of 11 specified problems of living. Even the most serious problems were dealt with before they were turned over to formal systems, & helpers in natural networks were rated very highly. It is noted that formal systems are often unavailable or overloaded, & that informal networks value the same skills & can operate at once. Ramifications of these findings for community health programs are noted. 4 Tables, 27 References. J. Cannon
Desc.: Help, Helping, Helper, Helpers (212570); Network, Networks (297620); Rural; (see also Ru, Ur) (398400); Community, Communities, Communitarian (10400)
Ident.: helping networks in rural communities; survey; communities with/without organized social services;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (612)

Y009037 113
161099 84W3791
Rejected Families: Established and Innovative Structures of Service
Steiner, Joseph R.
School Social Work Syracuse U, NY 13210
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1982, 9, 1, Mar, 101-111. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI Ann Arbor, MI
Alternative structures of social work services to families, especially those rejected from meaningful extrafamilial relationships, are recommended. Rejected families, the established structure of family service, & some innovative modifications to this structure are described. Special attention is given to one type of innovative family-service structure, an experimental family residential center, which was successful in reducing rates of child abuse in the Netherlands. Innovative family-service structures, including residential centers, could help many families that do not benefit from the existing structure of family services. 25 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Family, Families (171600); Social service, Social services (432805); Dutch (142650)
Ident.: rejected families, social services; family-service structure, Dutch case;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 114
161098 84W3790
The Role of Women's Social Networks in the Adoption of Innovations at the Grass-Roots Level
Steinberg, Lois Saxelby
Signs 1980, 5, 3, supplement, spring, 257-260. CODEN: SJWSDM
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Results of several studies on women's grass-roots activism in promoting alternative educational programs are summarized to assess (1) the importance of social networks to the adoption of innovations, & (2) factors enhancing citizen participation in professional-dominated service delivery systems. External innovations such as school decentralization & feminism are seen as having exerted profound influence on women's grass-roots mobilization, while informal networks provided a primary communications system allowing for issue dissemination & flexible participation. The structure & methods of a forthcoming study examining several such groups in depth are briefly outlined. L. Whittemore
Desc.: Education, Educational, Educator, Educators, Educationally (146000); Woman, Women; (see also Female) (490000); Active, Activist, Activists, Activism, Activeness (012990)
Ident.: innovative educational programs adoption/women's grass-roots activism; social networks;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 115
161097 84W3789
The Development of Preventive Methods in Child Welfare
Staulcup, H. John; Royer, Terry D.
Perfect Software, 1400 Shattuck Berkeley CA 94706
Children and Youth Services Review 1983, 5, 1, 31-47. CODEN: CYSRDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Past approaches, current trends & future directions in primary preventive social work are reviewed, with an emphasis on child abuse & neglect. Several models for the delivery of human services are defined, & a framework for preventive intervention at psychological, social, & physical levels is developed within an overview of recent research on primary prevention in social welfare. 1 Figure, 28 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Prevention, Preventive (345600)
Ident.: child welfare; preventive methods development;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 116
161052 84W3742
Attitudes in the Provision of Public Sector Health and Mental Health Care
Moffic, H. Steven; Brochstein, Joan; Blattstein, Abraham; Adams, George L.
Baylor Coll Medicine, Houston TX 77030
Social Work in Health Care 1983, 8, 4, summer 17-28. CODEN: SWHCDO
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
One overlooked factor in the development of comprehensive health services seems to be the attitudes of the health care providers. In an attempt to address this & related issues, the Houston Consortium in Houston, Tex, was designed as a prototype training model. As part of that endeavor, the attitudes of mental health trainees in psychiatry & social work (number of cases = 42) toward the poor, interdisciplinary interaction, & community mental health were assessed. Along with ethnic identity, the discipline of the students importantly influenced attitudes. Social work students, in particular, seemed to possess or be able to develop attitudes relevant to a prominent role in primary health care. 4 Tables, 16 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Mental health (267000); Health care (208100)
Ident.: health/mental health care providers, attitudes; prototype training model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 117
161027 84W3717
Social Work Response to Problems of Occupational Health
Jankovic, Joanne; Dotson, David
School Social Work U Tennessee, Knoxville 37916
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1981, 8, 1, Mar, 62-69. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An emerging area of concern for social work professionals is occupational safety & health. Problems of the workplace are examined with specific focus on brown lung disease, or byssinosis. A model fr field practice is presented whereby students develop skills in organization, self-help group development, & systems change strategies, moving from a traditional methods model of practice to one that is focused on social problems. A group of graduate students working with the social class Brown Lung Association successfully passed through its five stages-outreach, research, organization building, leadership development, & program development. ? References. Modified HA
Desc.: Occupation, Occupations, Occupational (304000); Health,
Healthy (208000); Social work (433700); Disease, Diseases (134400)
Ident.: occupational health/safety; social work response, brown lung disease;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 118
160986 84W3676
A Toronto Model
Currie, David W.
Family Service Assoc Metropolitan Toronto, Ontario
Social Work with Groups 1983, 6, 3-4, fall-winter, 179-188. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A group treatment program for violent men conducted by the Family Service Association of Toronto, Ontario, is described. The program participants (number of cases = 6-8 at any given time) were men who had abused women; they convened for 9 weekly meetings in an attempt to learn socially acceptable behavior patterns & to develop feelings of responsibility for their behavior. Strategies were adopted that addressed the men's social situation, their lack of resources, & certain psychosocial factors, as conceptualized by S. Harris & D. Sinclair ("Domestic Violence Project: A Comprehensive Model for Intervention into the Issue of Domestic Violence" [unpublished report]). Harris & Sinclair argued that treatment for violent men must deal with the factors of externalized blame, rigid concepts of masculinity, poor self-esteem, fear of dependency, & poor impulse control. 4 References. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Group, Groups, Grouping, Groupism (197700); Treatment (472400); Wife, Wives (48880); Abuse, Abuses, Abusing, Abusive (001050); Toronto, Ontario (466552)
Ident.: group treatment, wife abusers; Family Service Association program, Toronto, Ontario;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 119
160977 84W3667
Training Housing Authority Personnel: Enhancing Social Services for Aged Dwellers
Burdick, David C.; Santos, John F.
U Notre Dame, IN 46556
Jrnl of Applied Gerontology 1982, 1, June, 53-57. CODEN: JAGEDA
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The frequent absence of social services in programmatic housing for the aged & budgetary constraints & manpower shortages that preclude having this need met by graduates from degree programs are discussed. A more efficient alternative is to train existing personnel. A 5-year-old training program funded by the National Institute of Mental Health has trained over 150 people in South Bend, Ind, & Albuquerque, NM. Many were personnel from housing-those in tenant services, supervision, & building management. In addition to general classroom instruction on aging, these workers received individualized supervision on housing issues. Eg, some trainees were encouraged to develop peer support programs in housing sites. A multifaceted evaluation procedure indicated marked improvement in many areas (eg, the counseling skills of listening, genuineness, problem identification, & definition of intervention goals). Also, self-perceived improvements were found in confidence, problem solving, advocacy, helping skills, & other areas. 4 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Aged; (see also Aging, Geriatric) (020000); Housing (216400); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: aged/programmatic housing, social services lack; census data; training housing authority personnel;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 120
160976 84W3666
A Windsor Model
Buckley, Lola Beth; Miller, Donna; Rolfe, Thomas A.
School Social Work U Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4
Social Work with Groups 1983, 6, 3-4, fall-winter, 189-195. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
An approach is presented for working with male batterers that was developed at Hiatus House, Inc, which opened 12 July 1976 to serve Windsor & Essex Counties, Ontario. The hypothesis was that abusing males were being ignored in the treatment of those involved in abuse. Groups were known to provide successful help to adults in similar situations, so in 1981, following a review of programs for male batterers in other communities, the Hiatus House Fresh Start program commenced. Information is provided about program philosophy, group membership, group rules, intake & contracting procedures, & program structure (including beginning, middle, & ending sessions). The groups are voluntary & staffed by a male social worker. Audio tapes of all sessions are made available to the men, the worker, the supervisor, & the consultant. A case study is provided as an example of the members' experiences. Modified AA
Desc.: Group, Groups, Grouping, Groupism (197700); Treatment (472400); Male, Males; (see also Man) (256635); Abuse, Abuses, Abusing,
Abusive (001050); Ontario, Canada (310700)
Ident.: group treatment, male batterers, Hiatus House Fresh Start program; Windsor/Essex Counties, Ontario;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 121
160943 84W3632
Human Services and Mass Communication: Struggling to Handle Today and Prepare for Tomorrow
Pietrodangelo, Donato A.
Coll Communication Florida State U, Tallahassee 32306
New England Jrnl of Human Services 1982, 2, 4, fall, 23-29. CODEN: NEJSD3
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
It is maintained that human service agencies, & governmental agencies in general, "function with a mimeograph mentality in a microchip world" when it comes to mass communication. Their almost exclusive reliance on the print media for information dissemination, & little if any targeted use of the broadcast media, prevents agencies from reaching intended audiences. Based on a telephone survey of 13 umbrella human service agencies, it is concluded that there are insufficient resources devoted to public information/mass communication, & management is ambiguous about the role of public information, seen as an essential part of the human services delivery system. Some of the developing technologies are described, eg, low power television stations & satellite master antennas. Suggestions are offered on how human service & governmental communicators may improve their use of the broadcast media. Modified AA
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Mass, Masses (260100); Communication, Communications, Communicative, Communicating, Communicator, Communicational (1030?0)
Ident.: social services; mass communication; telephone survey; social service agencies;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 122
160935 84W3624
Nonservice Approaches to Social Welfare: A Local Perspective
Gollub, James O.; Henton, Douglas C.; Waldhorn, Steven A.
New England Jrnl of Human Services 1980, Inaugural issue, Oct, 29-38.
CODEN: NEJSD3
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Increasingly, local governments have realized that social ills cannot all be solved through social service agencies. A survey of 37 US cities & counties conducted by a San Francisco, Calif, research group shows that many governments have experimented with alternative, ie, nonservice, means of providing care for distressed, disabled, aged, & other groups. Various nonservice strategies employed are discussed, eg, deregulation, tax incentives or exemptions, & administrative reforms that stimulate greater use of existing public facilities & services. Governments have also been moderately successful in gaining the cooperation of businesses, labor groups, & volunteers. Problems in nonservice approaches are also addressed, reliability, competence, cost, political conflicts, etc. 1 Table. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Social welfare (433500); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: social welfare, alternative/nonservice approaches; cities/counties survey;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-welfare services (poverty); (6110)

Y009037 123
160913 84P3796
Social Planning and Access to the Social Services in Developing Countries: The Case of Sierra Leone
Hardiman, Margaret; Midgley, James
London School Economics, WC2A 2AE England
Third World Planning Review 1982, 4, 1, Feb, 74-86. CODEN: TWPRDI
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Governmental social services in developing countries have expanded considerably during the last three decades, but apart from official reports of their development, little rigorous research into their functions, distribution, & impact on local communities has been undertaken. An account of the evolution of social services in Sierra Leone reveals that, like in many other developing countries, they have been planned in terms of an incremental strategy of gradually expanding the provisions inherited from colonial times. Findings of a survey of social services utilization in the country reveal that this strategy has resulted in serious problems of unequal & limited access. An alternative approach to social planning is suggested, based on assessment of need & formulation of appropriate social policies. 1 Table. AA
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Developing countries (131197); Sierra Leone (423170)
Ident.: social services accss, developing countries; social planning, Sierra Leone case;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-social policy for developing countries; (7250)

Y009037 124
160868 84P3748
Three Models of Social Planning for Human Services in Energy-Impacted Communities
Jones, Bernie; Jones, Janet Benson
Graduate School Social Work U Denver, CO 80208
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1982, 9, 3, Sept, 524-533. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Social planning issues are examined for human service workers in energy boom town situations in the Western US. Two models of energy planning are seen as operative in currently impacted areas: (1) one predicated on corporate laissez-faire development, where workers participate reactively to the effects of the boom; & (2) proactive cooperation with enlightened capitalist developers, wherein service workers offer input but do not question the validity of energy protects under consideration. Both approaches are viewed as accepting the notion of an energy crisis uncritically & therefore promoting unlimited natural resource development. A third model for planning is proposed based on: (A) redefining the energy crisis as something other than a supply crisis; (B) the potential of solar energy, conservation, & "soft path" solutions; (C) cost-benefit considerations for boom town residents; & (D) the capacity for such towns to become rural colonies of marginal populations. In this model, human service workers would have a mobilizing as well as planning role in consumer education & coalition building; implications for professional training & awareness of extralocal political phenomena are finally considered. 1 Table, 3 Figures, 35 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Boom town, Boom towns (063705); Human Services (217120)
Ident.: human service workers/energy boom towns, Western US; social planning issues;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-forecasting, planning; (7240)

Y009037 125
160763 84P3637
The Health Care Policy Pendulum: An Ethical Perspective (1981 O'Grady Award Winner)
Conrad, Ann Patrick
9727 Mount Pisgan Rd, Silver Spring MD 20903
Social Thought 1982, 8, 1, 15-38. CODEN: SOTHD9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Based on social work experience, the escalating interest in ethical issues in the US is noted. Although scholarly literature is developing, particularly around ethical dilemmas in direct practice, there is only beginning utilization of value inclusive frameworks for analyzing public policy. Recent shifts in health care policy are analyzed for an ethical perspective utilizing an ethical model for decision making based on the principles of proportionalism. Health care legislation & its related underlying philosophical rationale are conceptualized in terms of discrete but overlapping phases. The expansion phase, the period from the early 1960s through the mid-1970s, was characterized by bills on community-based care, prevention, training, & research, based on a philosophy that persons are entitled to all that is necessary to promote health. The period of cost containment, during the 1970s, was characterized by frequency of regulatory & planning activity, peer review, & increase of copayments for medical care, & was accompanied by a more conservative understanding of the obligation to insure the right to a healthy existence. The current situation, with increasing block grants, termed a period of delegation of responsibility, is justified on the grounds of competition & free enterprise, & results in a dilemma of entitlement versus competition. The various value hierarchies undergirding these two approaches are identified, the importance placed by social work & other helping professions on the common good is highlighted drawbacks for professionals & quality client service are discussed, & the long & circuitous route to the common good when the competition approach is taken is pointed out. 2 Figures, 27 References. Modified AA
Desc.: Health care (208100); Policy, Policies (339500); Ethic,
Ethics, Ethical (160100); Decision-making (122000)
Ident.: health care policy; ethical decision-making model presented;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy administration (social administration, analysis of laws and acts, language, etc.); (7230)

Y009037 126
160689 84P3560
An Eye for Evaluation
Moller, Jerry; Graycar, Adam
Administration in Social Work 1983, 7, 2, summer, 69-77. CODEN: ASWODB
Pub. Year: 1983
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A model is developed by which evaluation of social work services can study a cross-section of factors affecting the performance of that service. It demonstrates how the boundaries of an evaluation can be defined without developing a biased pattern of accountability. 2 Figures, 4 References. HA
Desc.: Social work (433700)
Ident.: social work services; performance evaluation, influencing factors model;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-evaluation research (definition, methods, etc.); (7220)

Y009037 127
160661 84P3532
Impact of Federally Mandated Program Evaluation
Flaherty, Eugenie Walsh; Olsen, Kristin V.
2226 Pine St, Philadelphia PA 19103
Community Mental Health Jrnl 1982, 18, 1, spring, 56-71. CODEN: CMHJAY
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available frm SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An interview survey of 46 representatives from 9 randomly selected community mental health centers was conducted to examine the impact of the requirements for self-evaluation in the 1975 community mental health center amendments to Public Law 94-63. Compliance was generally high, but considerable variability existed in the topics studied & in the amount of resources devoted to each study. Conditions associated with the utility of a study included: (1) the reason for conducting it, (2) the topic of the study, & (3) the role of the evaluator in disseminating the findings & making them useful. Respondents saw a need for federal evaluation requirements, but favored self-selection of evaluation topic areas based on individual center needs. 4 Tables, 8 References. HA
Desc.: Community Mental Health Center, CMHC (104160); Amend, Amends, Amended, Amending, Amendment, Amendments (030140)
Ident.: community mental health center amendments, Public Law 94-63; interview surveys; centers representatives; self-evaluation requirements, impact;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-evaluation research (definition, methods, etc.); (7220)

Y009037 128
160572 84P3434
Regional Reference Groups in the Spreading of Occupational Licensing Policies among the States: An Exploratory Study
Lause, Timothy W.
Wichita State U, KS 67208
Jrnl of Sociology and Social Welfare 1982, 9, 1, Mar, 88-100. CODEN JSSWA9
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
An exploration of the diffusion of state licensing policies, particularly the role of regional cue taking in the adoption of net policies. On the basis of licensing act passage dates for 33 occupations in the 48 contiguous states, networks of influence are suggested, along with the states most likely to serve as models for those reference groups. Findings have several implications for social work lobbying efforts. 3 Tables, 2 Figures, 23 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Occupation, Occupations, Occupational (304000); License, Licensing (251950)
Ident.: occupational licensing policies diffusion, states; regional reference groups;
Sect. Head.: social planning/policy-policy studies/sciences: formulation & analysis (welfare state, public policy, decision making, etc.); (7210)

Y009037 129
160?58 84D2701
The Population Turnaround in Rural and Small Town America
Beale, Calvin L.
Policy Studies Review 1982, 2, 1, Aug, 43-54. CODEN: PSRWD5
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Some initial interpretations of the emerging 1980s census data are offered that emphasize the inmigration to all types of rural areas in the US during the 1970s. In that decade, population increase in rural areas exceeded that in urban regions by 6% (15.8% against 9.8%), reversing a trend of several decades & signaling new challenges for rural areas. Some observable population patterns are discussed, including the predominant influx of white upper-income groups & those of government transfer programs, eg, retirees. 3 Tables. Modified HA
Desc.: Rural; (see also Ru, Ur) (398400); Small town (428355); Population, Populations, Populationists (340200)
Ident.: rural/small town US; population turnaround; 1980s census
Sect. Head.: social development-demographic change; (8380)

Y009037 130
160435 84D2677
Natural Gas Prospects in Developing Countries and the Role of LNG Transportation
Ovcharenko, V. A.
Natural Resources Forum 1980, 4, 3, July, 277-290. CODEN: NRFODS
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The potential contribution of natural gas resources in developing countries is analyzed, focusing on problems of expanding production & transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The current international balance of trade in LNG is reviewed, stressing that while developing countries command about 50% of world reserves, these resources only account for about 6% of commercial primary energy production. The recent growth in transportation technology (particularly in pipelines & storage facilities) is documented, & major global projects are detailed. Issues of environmental regulation & international financing are examined; the need for technological transfers, funding, & planning for developing areas is emphasized. 8 Tables, 9 References. Modified HA
Desc.: Developing countries (131197); Energy (154925)
Ident.: natural gas prospects, developing countries; liquified natural gas transportation role;
Sect. Head.: social development-specifically economic development/industrialization; (8?70)

Y009037 131
160402 84D2642
Government Strategies for Urban Areas and Community Participation
Hollnsteier, Mary Racelis
UNICEF, 331 East 38th St New York NY 10016
Assignment Children 1982, 57-58, 43-64. CODEN: ASCHDQ
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The rapid rate of urban growth on a worldwide basis exacerbates the already desperate plight of children born into urban slums, who face a life of constant deprivation. Some formal & informal strategies that have been devised by the world's governments to cope with problems of urban slums are discussed & four different approaches discerned: (1) neglect & toleration; (2) eviction with or without plans for relocation; (3) high-density, supposedly low-cost, mass housing; & (4) slum upgrading. Variation in the planning & delivery of social services is considered. It is claimed that policies of community self-reliance must be strengthened. Types of community participation are assessed. Modified HA
Desc.: Govern, Governing, Government, Governmental, Governments (19?500); Strategy, Strategies, Strategic (446700); Urban; (see also Ru, Ur) (478000); Slum, Slums (428300); Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Participate, Participatory, Participation, Participative (323400)
Ident.: government strategies, urban slums; community participation; international comparison;
Sect. Head.: social development-community and urban development; (8355)

Y009037 132
160345 84D2581
Why Community Participation; A Discussion of the Arguments
White, Alastair T.
WHO International Reference Centre Community Water Supply-Sanitation, The Hague Netherlands
Assignment Children 1982, 59-60, 17-34. CODEN: ASCHDQ
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Community participation is defined as the involvement of local populations in the decisions of development projects. With particular reference to community water & sanitation schemes, ten arguments favoring participation are examined: (1) task accomplishment will increase; (2) services will cost less; (3) participation is intrinsically valuable; (4) a catalytic effect will be established; (5) responsibility will be encouraged; (6) participation demonstrates a felt need of the community; (7) actions taken will be more responsive to the needs of participants; (8) local skills & knowledge will be used; (9) dependence on professionals will be greatly reduced; & (10) participation develops situational awareness, or "conscientization." Modified HA
Desc.: Community, Communities, Communitarian (104000); Participate, Participatory, Participation, Participative (323400); Development, Developments (131200)
Ident.: community participation in development; water/sanitation schemes;
Sect. Head.: social development-community participation; (8320)

Y009037 133
160248 83W3597
The Use of Epidemiologic Methods as the Bridge between Prevention and Social Work Practice
Whitman, Barbara Y.; Hennelly, Virginia D. 1465 South Grand, Saint Louis MO 63104
Social Work in Health Care 1982, 7, 4, summer, 27-38. CODEN: SWHCDO
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The concepts, scope, & methods of epidemiology & the application of these tools to policy setting & case management in preventive social work practice are described. Using data concerning lead poisoning, two areas are discussed: (1) stages of prevention & implications for practice; & (2) definitions of the epidemiologic concepts of population-at-risk, prevalence, incidence, case rate, relative risk, attributable risk, & epidemiologic causal models. Suggestions for the use of epidemiologic knowledge, methods of formulating policy for prevention programs in social work practice are outlined. 1 Table, 2 Figures. Modified HA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Practice, Practices (342000); Epidemiology, Epidemiological (?57700); Prevention, Preventive (345600); Poison, Poisons, Poisoner, Poisoners (339300); Method, Methods; (see also Methodology) (271800); Lead (249485)
Ident.: epidemiologic methods, preventive social work practice, lead poisoning case;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 134
160235 83W3584
The Obsolete Scientific Imperative in Social Work Research
Schuerman, John R.
Contributor (s): Heineman, Martha Brunswick
U Chicago, IL 60637
The Social Service Review 1982, 56, 1, Mar, 144-146. CODEN: SSRVAW
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Note: Reply, 146-148.
The faulty logic in Martha Brunswick Heineman's recent criticism of logical-empiricist methodologies (see abstract in this section) is not as serious as the mistaken assumption on which her work is based. To contend that most social research is informed by a basic belief in logical empiricism is to neglect the many historical scientific principles that have routinely become associated with social research; many of them-experimentation, use of contrast groups, the principle of parsimony-have been part of scientific research for centuries. Heineman's examples of research are extreme, & her recommendations for improvement thin & unoriginal. In Author's Reply, Martha Brunswick Heineman reiterates her conviction that social science researchers regularly restrict themselves unnecessarily in experimentation, by failing to consider alternative questions or to use methodologies outside of those prescribed within a rationale of logical empiricism. This is a serious problem, which Schuerman does not even bother to consider. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Social work (433700); Research, Researcher, Researchers (385000); Methodology, Methodologies, Methodological; (see also Method) (271830); Empiricism, Empiricist (154140)
Ident.: social work research, logical-empiricist methodologies, Martha Brunswick Heineman's criticism refuted; reply;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 135
160233 83W3582
Management Trends in the Human Services in the 1980's
Sarri, Rosemary C.
U Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109
Administration in Social Work 1982, 6, 2-3, summer-fall, 19-30. CODEN ASWODB
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Key management issues & trends that will confront the human services during the 1980s are reviewed. The human services are distinctive in being paid not for satisfying customers but out of a general revenue stream. Resources for social welfare are declining, producing a need to formulate allocative criteria. Organizational effectiveness & program evaluation, & also worker accountability & client satisfaction, have drawn increasing concern as well. Social work also faces: the problems of declining utilization of professional social workers in the management of social services, the continued existence of institutionalized racism & sexism in social agencies, & the existence of ethical problems such as human rights & equity. Recent trends include: expansion of the role of private agencies, pressure toward both centralization & decentralization, staff & client participation in management, use of information systems, continuing budgetary constraints, the growing use of research based practice models, & the use of social work in industrial settings. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Human, Humans, Humanity (216470); Service, Services (417660); Social work (433700); Manage, Managed, Manages, Managing, Management (257000)
Ident.: human services, social work, 1980s management trends;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 136
160221 83W3569
Social Planning as Social Work Practice: Issues and Strategies
Mayer, Robert R.
Graduate School Social Service Fordham U, Lincoln Center New York NY 10023
Administration in Social Work 1982, 6, 2-3, summer-fall, 49-60. CODEN ASWODB
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Social planning remains an active area of policy, despite a shift from social programming to conservation of existing programs under budgetary constraints. A number of previous movements can be identified as attecedents of social planning, including social reform, community programs, & attempts to introduce scientific management into human services. A rational programming model is proposed to guide current social programming. This model appears basically compatible with social work practice, if it can avoid such pitfalls as the assumption that efficiency & equity are opposed, the imitation of the methods of such disciplines as business or public administration, & the definition of social work in terms of methods rather than goals. 1 Figure. W. H. Stoddard
Descriptors: Social work (433700); Practice, Practices (342000); Social planning (432238); Plan, Plans, Planning, Planned, Planners (339140); Programming (348800)
Ident.: social work practice, social planning issues/strategies, rational programming model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agent; (6150)

Y009037 137
160200 83W3548
The Obsolete Scientific Imperative in Social Work Research
Heineman, Martha Brunswick
The Social Service Review 1981, 55, 3, Sept, 371-397. CODEN: SSRVAW
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
In a misguided attempt to be scientific, social work has adopted an outmoded, overly restrictive paradigm of research. Methodological rather than substantive requirements determine the subject matter to be studied. As a result, important questions & valuable data go unresearched. The assumptions & postulates of this prevailing scientific model of research & evaluation are examined; their roots in the logical empiricist tradition are described; criticisms of these assumptions are discussed; & alternative, less restrictive approaches to research are suggested. AA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Research, Researcher, Researchers (385000); Scientific, Scientism, Scienticity, Scientization (410380); Model, Modeling, Models (274400); Obsolete, Obsolescence (302660)
Ident.: social work research, obsolete scientific model criticized;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 138
160198 83W3545
Cognitive Approaches to Direct Practice
Goldstein, Howard
Case Western Reserve U, Cleveland OH 44106
The Social Service Review 1982, 56, 4, Dec, 539-555. CODEN: SSRVAW
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The role of cognition in direct social work practice is gaining increasing interest & application. Cognitive practice is not a new fad; rather, it is the product of the development of ideas about human thought that have been in the making for over three centuries. Current models of cognitive practice represent two different orientations to the nature of human thought-one mediational, the other phenomenological. It is shown that each model has distinct implications for the methods & outcomes of practice. 1 Table. AA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Practice, Practices (342000); Cognition, Cognitive (095000); Phenomenology, Phenomenological; (see also Phenomena) (333522); Approach, Approaches (035310)
Ident.: direct social work practice; cognitive approaches, mediational vs phenomenological models;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 139
160195 83W3541
Comments on "The Obsolete Scientific Imperative in Social Work Research"
Geismar, Ludwig L.
Contributor (s): Piper, Martha Heineman
Rutgers U, New Brunswick NJ 08903
The Social Service Review 1982, 56, 2, June, 311-312. CODEN: SSVAW
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
Note: Reply, 312.
In criticizing the excessive attention paid to methodologies in social work research, Martha Brunswick Heineman's discussion of logical empiricism is puzzling (see abstract in this section). While conceding that logical empiricism has provided an important philosophical foundation to social research, she finds that it has been primarily responsible for the worst kind of modern empirical research, eg, reductionism or phenomena absolutism; she does not, however, begin to substantiate such charges. Her alternative proposals & comments about bias in statistical research techniques are hardly new. In Author's Reply, Martha Heineman Piper (formerly Martha Brunswick Heineman) challenges the contention that her work is poorly substantiated, pointing to citations of over thirty research works, & complains that Geismar failed to observe important qualifications, eg, that the criticism is against a leading trend in social research, not a condemnation of the entire field. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Social work (433700); Research, Researcher, Researchers (385000); Obsolete, Obsolescence (302660); Scientific, Scientism, Scienticity, Scientization (410380); Methodology, Methodologies, Methodological; (see also Method) (271830)
Ident.: social work research, obsolete scientific methodologies, Martha Brunswick Heineman's criticism refuted; reply;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 140
160194 83W3540
Structuring Co-Leadership in Social Work Training
Galinsky, Maeda J.; Schopler, Janice H.
School Social Work U North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514
Social Work with Groups 1980, 3, 4, winter, 51-63. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1980
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Although students often colead groups as part of their professional training, this approach to teaching groupwork skills remains controversial. A review of the cotherapy literature & personal experiences with social work students in coleadership situations provide the basis for defining the uses & relative merits of coleadership, & for developing guidelines for the coleadership relationship. Coleadership has been used for a variety of purposes, including professional training, worker support, & benefits for group members. The positive effects reported are many: an increase in behavior models, more opportunities to vary leader roles, greater potential for simulating treatment issues, enhanced group management, an additional perspective in resolving individual & group problems, enriched professional development, & support from a compatible coleader. Negatives reported include the expense of two leaders, leader disagreements that impede group progress, & interactions between coleaders that inhibit effectiveness & professional growth. The guidelines formulated for establishing & maintaining more effective coleader relationships address: (1) quality of the coleader relationship, (2) structure of coleader roles, (3) mechanisms for handling coleader conflict, (4) coleader role development, (5) preparation for evaluation of the group, (6) supervision of coleaders, (7) coleadership in open-ended groups, & (8) coleader composition. Modified AA
Desc.: Leader, Leaders, Leadership (249500); Social work (433700); Training, Trainer (469000); Structure, Structures, Structuring, Structured (448150)
Ident.: coleadership structuring, social work training;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-professional orientations of social agents; (6150)

Y009037 141
160096 83W3433
Toward Humanizing Adoption
Sorich, Carol J.; Siebert, Roberta
Louisiana Dept Health & Human Resources, Lafayette 70501
Child Welfare 1982, 61, 4, Apr, 207-216. CODEN: CHWFAS
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
The process of adoption typically has involved limited information transfer between birth parents, adoptive parents, & adoptees, with the social worker having control over all information exchanges. Growing discontent with this system's effects has led some adoption agencies to seek alternatives. One such alternative has been in use for several years at Child Saving Institute, Omaha, Neb, an affiliate of the Disciples of Christ. Birth parents are allowed to request continuing information; willingness to give such information is considered in choosing adoptive parents, & a formal commitment is included in the adoption agreement. Birth parents have been enthusiastic about the new policy which helps them deal with the sense of loss they experience. While adoptive parents are initially alarmed by the policy, they usually come to view it favorably. Since Feb 1977, 24 semi-open adoptions, in which birth parents actually meet adoptive parents, have been attempted; open adoptions, in which birth & adoptive parents exchange identifying information, are being considered, along with other alternatives. These approaches have helped to humanize the adoption process, better meeting the needs of those involved. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Adopt, Adoption, Adopted, Adoptive (014800); Humanization (216900)
Ident.: humanizing adoption, increased information exchanges, Omaha, Nebraska, agency case;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 142
160094 83W3431
Using Team Development Methods within Social Services Agencies
Smith, Peter B.
School Social Sciences U Sussex, Falmer Brighton BN1 9RH England
Social Work with Groups 1981, 4, 1-2, spring-summer, 69-84. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Conducting group work with existing rather than specially created groups increases the possibility of lasting effects. Social work agencies provide a good example of groups that can benefit from group work intervention, since their staffs are trained in a skill-oriented manner. The support-confrontation model is advanced as a framework for diagnosing the appropriate type of group work intervention for a particular circumstance. Several instances of brief group work are presented. Training designs & outcomes are described. Modified HA
Desc.: Agency, Agencies (?20200); Team, Teams (456760); Social service, Social services (432805)
Ident.: team development methods usage, social services agencies;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 143
160091 83W3428
The Social Work Function in Nursing Homes and Home Care
Silverstone, Barbara; Burack-Weiss, Ann
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1982, 5, 1-2, fall-winter, 7-33. CODEN: JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Social work in nursing homes & social work in home care programs have long been viewed as separate fields of practice, but are now being seen in an integrated way as alternative forms of long-term care for the disabled elderly. A simple concept of level of functioning is not adequate to identify the needs of this population; attention must be given to specific medical conditions & also to the psychological & ecological context. This population is normally supported by services included in the auxiliary function model. Provision of services should begin with study & assessment of needs, leading to definition of a plan, direct practice with the client, interventions with client groups, problem solving with families, & provision of service systems & community intervention. Practice in the home care setting must be embedded in work with community helping networks. Practice in nursing homes needs to confront the problem of the institutional setting. In both cases the principles of client self-determination & self-actualization are decisively important. W. H. Stoddard
Desc.: Social work (433700); Nurse, Nurses, Nursing (301000); Home, Homes (214400); Program, Programs, Programmer, Programmers (348660); Disable, Disabled, Disability, Disabilities (132600); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733)
Ident.: social work functions, nursing homes/home care programs, disabled elderly;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 144
160087 83W3424
Maximizing Independence for the Elderly: The Social Worker in the Rehabilitation Center
Seltzer, Gary B.; Charpentier, Marcel O.
Brown U Memorial Hospital, Pawtuckett RI 02860
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1982, 5, 1-2, fall-winter, 61-79.
CODEN: JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The role of social work practice within an acute rehabilitation setting is addressed, describing practice principles applicable to a variety of short-term medical rehabilitation settings treating older, functionally impaired persons. Social work treatment interventions & anticipated outcomes relevant to the broader service context of the long term care system are also discussed. The rehabilitation & social services described can serve as a long-term care bridge between constricted choices typically available to an older person with severe physical impairments & other alternatives made possible when environmental, social, familial psychological, & physical supports are activated to ensure maximum quality of life for the older person. 1 Figure. AA
Desc.: Social work (433700); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Rehabilitation (380000); Independent, Independence, Independency (227660)
Ident.: social work, elderly, acute rehabilitation center, maximizing independence;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 145
160076 83W3413
The Sunshine Group: An Example of Social Work Intervention through the Use of a Group
Ross, Sue; Bilson, Andy
Social Work with Groups 1981, 4, 1-2, spring-summer, 15-28. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A description of the design, creation, & operation of a short-term intensive group for 9 children of both sexes aged 8-11, all of whom had been involved in delinquent acts, & had been the victims or executors of sexual assault. The techniques & methods used are matched to the assessed needs of the clients, & a subjective evaluation of the outcome is given Modified HA
Desc.: Group, Groups, Grouping, Groupism (197700); Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Sexual, Sexuality, Sexually (422000); Social work (433700); Delinquent, Delinquents (126200); Assault, Assaults, Assaulting, Assaultive (040210); Intervention (240965)
Ident.: short-term intensive group, delinquent children, sexual assault involvement, social work intervention;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 146
160047 83W3384
The Transactions between People and Environment Framework: Focusing Social Work Intervention in Health Care
Monkman, Marjorie McQueen; Eagle, Jill Doner
School Social Work U Illinois, Urbana 61801
Social Work in Health Care 1982, 8, 2, winter, 105-11. CODEN: SWHCDO
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
A conceptual framework for delineating the boundaries of social work is described that attempts to differentiate between social work intervention & the work of other health professionals. The framework, the "Transaction between Individuals & Environments" (TIE) model is illustrated in two case applications. Its merits as a means of identifying individual coping strategies, assisting the social worker to effect change, & establishing priorities in practice are discussed. The cases show particular uses of the TIE model with diseased or disabled clients. 1 Table, 1 Figure. D. Dunseath
Desc.: Health care (208100); Social work (433700); Intervention (240965); Transaction, Transactions, Transactional (470800); Individual, Individuals, Individualism, Individuality, Individualistic, Individualization, Individualize (229000); Environment, Environments, Environmental, Environmentally (157400)
Ident.: health care, social work intervention, "Transaction between Individuals & Environments" model, coping strategies identification;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 147
160045 83W3382
The Use of Social Services by Black and White Elderly: The Role of Social Support Systems
Mindel, Charles H.; Wright, Roosevelt, Jr.
Graduate School Social Work U Texas, Arlington 76019-0129
Jrnl of Gerontological Social Work 1982, 4, 3-4, spring-summer, 107-125. CODEN: JGSWDU
Pub. Year: 1982
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The role of formal & informal family, kin, & nonkin support systems in explaining social service utilization by older persons is explored, with interview data collected from a national area probability sample of 3, 996 noninstitutionalized black & white elderly. Findings indicate that informal family support is more important for black than white elderly. In addition, family aid is found to be a supplementary rather than alternative support system. In planning, designing, & delivering social services to the elderly, racial & cultural differences should be explicit input factors. In investigating this rather complex phenomenon, future researchers should employ research procedures capable of dealing simultaneously with a comprehensive range of variables. 2 Tables, 4 Figures. Modified HA
Desc.: Social service, Social services (432805); Black, Blacks (055218); White, Whites (489845); Elder, Elders, Elderly (149733); Social support (433182)
Ident.: social services use, black/white elderly, social support systems use; interviews;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 148
160039 83W3376
Termination: A Neglected Aspect of Social Group Work
Mayadas, Nazneen; Glasser, Paul
School Social Work U Texas Arlington 76019
Social Work with Groups 1981, 4, 1-2, spring-summer, 193-204. CODEN: SWGRDU
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Termination of groups, since it sets the tone for the transfer of skills to other experiences in the natural environment of participants, is a necessary & critical phase of group development. Ideally, as individual & group objectives are achieved, learning should be internalized by members, & termination should occur smoothly. Often, however, this is not the case. A conceptual interactional model is provided to aid in the understanding of the dynamics of group termination. Also given are observable criteria for use in analyzing both the phases & processes of termination, & a review of intervention strategies to deal with different member reactions to termination. 2 Figures. J. Cannon
Desc.: Social work (433700); Group, Groups, Grouping, Groupism (197700)
Ident.: social group work, termination, conceptual interaction model;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 149
160030 83W3367
Understanding Teamwork: Another Look at the Concepts
Lowe, Jane Isaacs; Herranen, Marjatta
Mount Sinai School Medicine, New York NY 10029
Social Work in Health Care 1981, 7, 2, winter, 1-11. CODEN: SWHCDO
Pub. Year: 1981
Co. of Pub.: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
The interdisciplinary team is frequently utilized in the delivery of health care services. Considerable confusion surrounds the concept of teamwork. Three characteristics of teamwork are delineated to further the understanding of its structure & function. Integrative & coordinate teams are differentiated as models of practice, & implications for social work & nursing are highlighted. HA
Desc.: Teamwork (456800)
Ident.: teamwork structure/function understanding, concepts examination;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)

Y009037 150 
159996 83W3332
Groupwork with Preadolescents: Theory and Practice
Hargrave, Mary C.; Hargrave, George E.
Re-Ed West Center Children, PO Box 875 Sacramento CA 95608
Child Welfare 1983, 62, 1, Jan-Feb, 31-37. CODEN: CHWFAS
Pub. Year: 1983
Country of Publication: US
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: Abstract of Jrnl Article (aja)
Subfile: SOPODA
Avail.: Hardcopy reproduction available from SA and UMI, Ann Arbor, MI
A groupwork approach to treating the behavior problems of preadolescents is presented; its rationale is found in recent theories of the role of peer relationships in preadolescent social development. Therapeutic intervention can thus take the form of groups, ideally composed of 8-10 children, all one sex, aged 9-12, with 1 therapist per 3 children. The therapist's role involves maintaining a supportive atmosphere while enforcing necessary limit on behavior. Group activities include discussion, team sports, & critique. This approach can provide skills needed to move on to a wider range of social interactions. Modified HA
Desc.: Child, Children, Childhood (081000); Behavior, Behavioral (051300); Group, Groups, Grouping, Groupism (197700); Work, Works, Working (492000); Problem, Problematic, Problems (348100)
Ident.: preadolescent children behavior problems, groupwork
Approach, theory/practice;
Sect. Head.: social welfare-the helping techniques (case work, group work, community organization); (6120)