Subject: From: AIList Moderator Kenneth Laws <AIList-REQUEST%sri-ai.arpa@CSNET-RELAY>

From: [email-masked]
Date: Wed, 1 Jan 86 12:00:26 est

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Subject: AIList Digest   V3 #192
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AIList Digest           Saturday, 28 Dec 1985     Volume 3 : Issue 192

Today's Topics:
  Archives - The Lisp Museum & Oxford Text Archive,
  Expert Systems - 3rd Jnt. BCS and ACM Symposium,
  Literature - Recent Articles on AI

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Monday, 23 December 1985, 14:12-CST
From: Oliver Gajek <Gajek at UTEXAS-20>
Subject: News Item - The Lisp Museum

The LISP Museum was founded by Herbert Stoyan. It's aim is to gather each
paper on LISP which was ever printed (at least all important ones): Books
papers in periodicals and conference proceedings, memos manuals and adver-
tisements. There's a complete list of all objects which contains over 900
entries. Everybody is invited to ask for a copy of this list. It's netto
price is $5. (We hope to have the list available on a computer in the US
soon.) For the appropriate amount we copy (if the copyright is open) every
object in the museum. Paying in advance is a necessary condition! In addi-
tion, everybody who owns some material which the museum has not available
is kindly asked to send us a copy. (We appreciate original listings of old
and famous LISP-programs like SIR, MLISP, MLISP2 etc. etc.)
The address is: The LISP-Museum, c/o Herbert Stoyan, IMMD6, University of
Erlangen, Martensstr.3, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany

Oliver Gajek
Linguistics Research Center
University of Texas at Austin
Austin, TX 78713-7247
(512)471-4166
Internet: [email-masked]
uucp: ...allegra!ut-ngp!gajek

------------------------------

Date: Fri 13 Dec 85 17:38:07-CST
From: Martha Morgan <AI.MORGAN%mcc.arpa@CSNET-RELAY>
Subject: Pointer to Oxford Text Archive

          [Forwarded from the IRList Digest by Laws@SRI-AI.]

Recently John Roach enquired of IRLIST,
"Is there an index available of machine readable texts?"

You replied, "The Oxford Text Archive has an index of its holdings..."

I would like to get in touch with the Oxford Text Archive and become
aware of what is contained in the index of their holdings.  Can you
give me an address, name, whatever?

[Note: The Oxford University Computing Service Text Archive was
established in 1976 as a repository of machine-readable texts to serve
the research needs of scholars working with one of many different
languages.  It is one of the largest such collections.  Texts are in
many different formats and some are cleaner than others.  Enquiries
about texts held at Oxford or about the Archive can be sent to
ARCHIVE at UK.AC.OX.VAX3, via the British Joint Academic Network.
Address is Oxford Text Archive, Oxford Univ. Computing Service,
13 Banbury Rd, Oxford OX2 6NN.  A modest payment and signed declara-
tion form indicating that tapes will only be used for research is
required.  The Archive will send you forms and a list of holdings,
indicating size of each item (which suggests how much tape is needed.)
Be aware that many items are direct from the typesetter, without much
information to help in decoding them. - Ed Fox]

------------------------------

Date: Sat, 14 Dec 85 00:11:33 cst
From: "V.J. Raghavan" <[email-masked]>
Subject: Abstracts - 3rd Jnt. BCS and ACM Symposium

          [Excerpted from the IRList Digest by Laws@SRI-AI.]

             Selected Abstracts from the Proceedings
            of the third joint BCS and ACM Symposium,
             Kings' College, Cambridge, 2-6 July 84
                          by G. Salton
    (Proceedings published by Cambridge Univ. Press, Editor:
     C.J. van Rijsbergen)

BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN AI AND IR

W.S. Cooper
School of Library and Information Studies
University of California
Berkeley, California  94720

     Information  retrieval,  in the broadest sense of the  term,
includes a conern with 'expert' or 'knowledge-based' systems  and
their   potential  future  successors.    It  is  unlikely   that
sophisticated systems of this sort can be developed in such a way
as to use an entire natural language without the assistance of an
advanced, unified theory of language and logic.  The need for and
probable character of such a theory are discussed.

KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS VERSUS THESAURUS: AN ARCHITECTURE PROBLEM
ABOUT EXPERT SYSTEMS DESIGN

Mr. B. Defude
Equipe Systemes intelligents de recherche d'information
Laboratoire Genie Informatique (IMAG)
BP 68 38402 St. Martin D'heres Cedex
FRANCE

The  use  of  expert systems (ES)  within  information  retrieval
systems  (IRS) seems to be an interesting way,  particularly  for
the query process.  Nevertheless we must examine what kowledge we
need.   We  think  that the thesaurus may be the kernel of  which
knowledge:  for this,  we must define it larger than in classical
IRS.
     After  some recalls about what may be the principal features
of  a  query  ES,  we  discuss  about  the  relationship  between
thesaurus and a query expert system.  The problem is to determine
if the thesaurus must be integrated within the knowledge base.
     In fact this choice is an architecture problem of the ES.
     We analyze,  in parallel,  the effects of this choice  about
thesaurus representation, ES functionalities, ES architecture.
     The  choice of an architecture depends on the goal searched:
i.e.  a general IR expert system able to handle a set of thesauri
(independent  thesaurus) or a specialized IR expert system  which
can  be  very  performant but strongly tied to  a  specific  area
(integrated thesaurus).

[...]

------------------------------

Date: 25 Dec 1985 23:29-CST
From: [email-masked]
Subject: Recent Articles

%A Peter Friedland
%A Laurence H. Kedes
%T Discovering the Secrets of DNA
%J CACM
%V 28
%N 11
%D NOV 1985
%P 1164-1186
%K biology theory formation MOLGEN trp-operon heat shock
%X describes work on an AI tool to assist scientists in theory formation
They are using the Yanofsky trp-operon system as a testbed.

%A Alan B. Chambers
%A David C. Nagel
%T Pilots of the Future: Human or Computer
%J CACM
%V 28
%N 11
%D NOV 1985
%P 1187-1199
%K aviation airplane
%X general overview of automation techniques for aircraft piloting including
AI issues

%A Eric Bender
%T Guru AI Environment Out
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 18, 185
%V 19
%N 46
%P 47+
%K Micro Data Base Managment System expert shell database telecommunications
mainframes configuration shipping natural language
%X Guru, priced at $2995, will allow users create expert systems for their
applications and link those systems with database and natural language front
ends.  The system also integrates spread sheets, forms management,
statistics, mathematics, report generators, business graphics, word processing
and communications.  MDBS uses GURU internally to relieve the overnight
shipping manager of answering questions.  15 rules resolve 75 percent of the
questions.  General Electric has used the system for configuring
comunications for mainframe installations.

%A O. Richard Fonorow
%T Users Press Icon into Commercial Service
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 18, 185
%V 19
%N 46
%P 75-92
%X tutorial on ICON, the language from Ralph Grisworld, the founder
of SNOBOL.  This language is recommended for AI work.

%T Advertisement
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 18, 185
%V 19
%N 46
%P 138
%K WIZDOM Microcomputer Expert System
%X Ad for Wizdom which is an expert system for commercial applications
Software Intelligence Laboratory, Inc. Department C, 1593 Locust Ave,
Bohemia, NY 11716 (516) 589-1676

%T News
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 11, 185
%V 19
%N 45
%P 12
%K Edward Feigenbaum Netherland  Europe
%X Edward Feigenbaum addressed the inaugural seminar for Netherlands's
national research institute for knowedge systems.  He predicted the main
uses for AI would be speech generation, factory automation and
financial applications

%A David Wyland
%T Software that Learns
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 11, 185
%V 19
%N 45
%P 93-104
%K Prolog Lisp
%X tutorial on Prolog, Lisp and Forth, NOT machine learning

%T New Products
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 11, 185
%V 19
%N 45
%P 127
%K Sourceview Micromind expert system microcomputer Macintosh
%X Sourceview Software International has released Micromind Knowledge
Engineering Tool for creating knowledge based expert systems on the
the Macintosh.  It is a rule based system.  Price $495.00.

%A Steven Burke
%T Natural-Language Speech Recognition Product Announced
%J InfoWorld
%V 7
%N 47
%P 3
%K microcomputer
%X Dragon Systems Inc. has developed a research prototype program that
allows an IBM PC AT to recognize 2000 words spoken by a single person.
It will be on the market within 18 months and cost approximately $3000.

%T Full Speed Ahead for Britain's Fifth-Generation Computer
%J Electronics
%D DEC 9, 1985
%V 58
%N 49
%P 11
%K ICL Alice Flagsip International Computers Limited Inmos.
%X The British Government agreed to provide 60 per cent of the cost
for the Flagship system.  This is a successor to Alice, a graph-reduction
machine.  One of the sixteen nodes went on line at ICL.  The system
will be built from Inmost transputers.

%T New Products
%J ComputerWorld
%D DEC 9, 1985
%V 19
%N 49
%P 92
%K Expert Systems International microcomputer prolog expert system
%X Expert Systems International has released version 2 of its
expert systems development shell, ESP advisor, written in Prolog.
The system supports 3000 rules and can invoke programs written in Prolog.

%A I. Peterson
%T Soliloquy for a Comptuer's Ear
%J Science News
%V 128
%N 23
%D DEC 7, 1985
%P 359
%K speech recognition Dragon Systems stochastic modeling IBM
%X discusses the Dragon technology system, which handles 2000 words
and responds in less than a second.  Both the Dragon and IBM
speech recognitions systems use "stochastic modeling."

%A Donald F. Baxter, Jr.
%T Forging Shapes Up
%J Metal Progress
%D DEC 1985
%P 26-33
%V 128
%N 8
%K Camel Robotics Letts Pioneer Forge Teksid Alfa Romeo Italy Forjas de Basouri
Peugeot Renault France FMC General Motors crankshafts ALPID 2.0 metallurgy
die manufacturing blocker
%X A CAE system was developed for design and manufacture of dies being
developed for the Air Force by Schultz steel.  AI components are
used for the automatic design of blocker and finisher dies.
*
An Automatic Forging Design Program, three expert systems are used
sequentially to design a geometry for forgers.  The first system transforms
the forging geometry to design features.  The second step determines
parting line, forging plane, finish allowance, web thickness,
rib width, draft angle, corner radii and fillet radii.  The third
step constructs and validates the forging geometry.
*
a system to design blocker die cross sections
for the closed die forging of rib-web type parts.
*
FORMEX, to select the optimum sequence of steps in performing extrusions
*
Describes use of robotics at many plants to load and unload forging
operations.  Use of robotics can increase productivity a factor of
three over human loaded systems.

%A Stewart A. Denenberg
%T A Service Project for an Introductory Artificial Intelligence Course:
Implementing SOLO in LOGO
%J SIGCSE
%V 17
%N 4
%D DEC 1985
%P 8-20
%K semantic net Cognitive Psychology
%X describes an AI course at State University of New York at Plattsburgh
where the student implemented a system called SOLO to model
human memory in LOGO.

%A Jerry Lyman
%T Expert Systems Tackle VLSI Testing
%J Electronics
%D NOV 25, 1985
%V 58
%N 47
%P 56-57
%K testability diagnosis expert systems Teradyne J941 GenRad Texas Instruments
BLISS Kyushik Son Cirrus Computers
%X Teradyne has expert systems for in-circut fault analysis and an expert
system for diagnosing system faults in the J941 very large-scale-integeration
logic designer.
The diagnostic system selects appropriate in-circuit tests for
each device and will deal with constraints from circuit topology and user
needs.  The system will then analyze test failures and determine additional
actions needed after a failure to perform diagnosis.
GenRad has a system to check the testability of digital IC designs.
The system uses a simulator running Hitest and software by Cirrus Computers
which determines apporpriate wave forms to use.
Texas Instrumetns has a system for classifying switch-level faults in CMOS
circuits.

%A Bernard Conrad Cole
%T A Pride of New CPUs Runs High-Level Languages
%J Electronics
%D NOV 25, 1985
%V 58
%N 47
%P 58-60]
%X Lisp Machine Texas Instruments Xenologic Tantivity Associates
%X Texas Instruments is developing a Compact Lisp Machine, a system
designed to support Common Lisp.  They expect to be sampling the chip
near the end of 1985.   It is fabricated in sub-2-micron
CMOS and will operate at 40 Megahertz.
*
Xenologic has developed a two board system for prolog systems.
It can perform between 200,000 and 300,000 lips.
*
Tantivity Associates is designing a structured language computer that can
be configured to be a Lisp machine as well as a Pascal, C, Ada or Forth
machine.

%A Joseph J. Lazzaro
%T Talking Instead of Typing
%J High Technology
%D JAN 1986
%V 6
%N 1
%P 58-59
%K speech recognition Kurzweil IBM Votan

%A Hugh Aldersey-Williams
%T Computer Eyes Turn to Food
%J High Technology
%D JAN 1986
%V 6
%N 1
%P 66-67
%K vision agriculture
%X discusses applications of computer vision to machine harvesting or quality
control in the food industry.  University of Florida is developing a system
to pick citrus while Michigan State is working on a system to pick
strawberries.  Arthur D. Little is developing a system to insure that
frozen mixed vegetables have the correct proportions.

%A J. Robert Lineback
%T MCC: The Research Co-Op's Surprising Fast Start
%J Electronics
%D DEC 16, 1985
%V 58
%N 50
%P 49-51
%K Proteus Lisp truth maintenance expert systems natural language
%X MCC has delivered its transfer of research from its labs to the
companies that sponsored it, which is ahead of schedule.  These
transfer include Proteus, a Lisp based expert system using truth maintenance.
MCC is working on an interactive VLSI-CAD system to be written in Lisp.
The human interface department has delivered examples of experimental
software for syntax analysis of knowledge-based interfaces.  MCC's AI
program is aimed at building a massive common-sense database consisting
of 10**11 bits.

%A Tobias Naegele
%T AT&T Builds Fuzzy-Inference Chip
%J Electronics
%D DEC 16, 1985
%V 58
%N 50
%P 26-27
%K parallel real-time robotics
%X AT&T has developed a chip that can perform 80,000 fuzzy inferences
per second.  It contains 16 rules on the chip.  It is intended
for applications for embedded systems for missiles and robots.

%A Robert T. Gallagher
%T AI to Help Mechanics at Renault to Do a Better Job
%J Electronics
%D DEC 16, 1985
%V 58
%N 50
%P 27
%K microcomputer expert system diagnostic
%X Renault has developed an expert system to be put in automobile garages
to assist in helping to diagnose such areas as automatic transmissions, on
the road behavior and electrical faults.  The system can be easily
reconfigured to deal with different car models.

%T Dornier Proposes Four High-Tech Projects to Eureka
%J Electronics
%D DEC 16, 1985
%V 58
%N 50
%P 17
%K fire-fighting robotics
%X Dornier System Gmbh has proposed to Eureka a project to develop
fire-fighting robots with artificial intelligence

%A George C. Steinke
%A Martin D. Schussel
%T Engineering by the Book.. And On-Line
%J Mechanical Engineering
%D NOV 1985
%V 107
%N 11
%P 56-59
%K engineering Cognition Inc.
%X Cognition Inc. of Billerica, Massachussetts will soon offer an
expert system
cost guide as part of its Mechanical Advantage 1000 system.  Mechanical
Advantage allows the user to enter the geometry of an object with
symbolic parameters as well as applicable engineering design equations.
Then the user can change the parameters, and have the geometry as
well as the results of the equations displayed.
An optimization system is also integrated into the system.

%A Paul Tate
%T Picking Up Speed
%J Datamation
%D NOV 15, 1985
%V 31
%N 22
%P 64+
%K European Computer Research Center
%X A consortium of Bull of France, Britain's ICL and Gemany's
Siemens is developing systems for handling large
knowledge bases since they believe that the main reason for using
large systems would be to hold large knowledge bases.
They have developed a Prolog compiler which generates C and will include
coroutining which will allow the programmer to apply constraints to
variables in the language.  They are working on a system
to integrate logic programming and object-oriented programming.
They are trying to integrate PROLOG and databases and develop
AI-based front ends for packages such as spreadsheets.

%A A. Knaeuper
%A W. B. Rouse
%T A rule-Based Model of Human Problem-Solving Behavior in Dynamic
Environments
%J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
%V SMC-15
%N 6
%D NOV/DEC 1985
%P 708-719
%X A rule-based model of a human plant controller has been developed at
Georgia Institute of Technology.
It has been compared it to human operators working on a simulated chemical
production plant and find that the rule based system achieved similar
performance on both stability and output as well as a 61 percent agreement
with the human's actions on a case by case basis.
In a related paper, they compared human operators with and without
training in the fundamentals of the system, i.e. with an explanation
of how the plant worked.  It was found that there was no difference
in performance between the two groups, even in unexpected situations
where such knowledge would presumably be most helpful.

%A L. A. Zadeh
%T Syllogistic Reasoning in Fuzzy Logic and its Application to Usuality and
Reasoning with Dispositions
%J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
%V SMC-15
%N 6
%D NOV/DEC 1985
%P 754-763

%A C. P. Neuman
%A V. D. Tourassis
%T Inverse Dynamics Applications of Discrete Robot Models
%J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
%V SMC-15
%N 6
%D NOV/DEC 1985
%P 798-803

%T TI Data Systems Reaches Goal of 100 VARs signed
%J Electronic News
%V 31
%N 1577
%D NOV 25, 1985
%P 52
%K Gold Hill  microcomputers Texas Instruments lisp
%X TI has signed a distribution with Gold Hill Computers for its Common
Lisp package

%A Charles Babcock
%A John Gallant
%T IBM Unveils Tool to Restructure VM, MVS Cobol Code
%J ComputerWorld
%D NOV 25, 1985
%V 19
%N 47
%P 10
%K IBM software engineering COBOL
%X IBM introduced a Cobol restructuring program, COBOL/SF.  The prices is
$125,000 or $12,5000 per month.

%A Eric Bender
%T Lotus Shops for Next Technology
%J ComputerWorld
%D DEC 16, 1985
%V 19
%N 50
%P 1+
%K microcomputer natual language GNP Development Corporation
%X GNP Development Corporation developed a Human Access Language Package
which allows a user to access 1-2-3 functions through simple English
commands.  Lotus just purchased the firm.

%T Program Has Decision-Tree Feature
%J InfoWorld
%D DEC 18, 1985
%V 7
%N 50
%P 59
%K Texas Instruments Arborist microcomputer decision support
%X TI has introduced a version 2.0 of the Arborist
Package, an AI-based decision support system for the IBM and TI PC.

%J Electronic News
%D DEC 9, 1985
%V 31
%N 1579
%P 8
%K Symbolics Howard I. Cannon  Bruce M. Gras
%X Symbolics Inc. has named Howard I. Cannon director of marketing,
replacing vice-president of marketing Bruce M. Gras who has
resigned.

%A Alain Colmerauer
%T Prolog in Ten Figures
%J Communications of the ACM
%D DEC 1985
%V 28
%N 12
%P 1287-1310
%X Yet Another Prolog Tutorial

%A Jacques Cohen
%T Describing Prolog By Its Interpretation and Compilation
%J Communications of the ACM
%D DEC 1985
%V 28
%N 12
%P 1311-1324
%X Yet Another Prolog Tutorial (this time emphasizing compilation
and interpretation of prolog).

%T How to Wreck A Nice Beach
%J Science News
%V 128
%D NOV 16, 1985
%P 313
%X speech recognition
%X Jared Bernstein and Gay Baldwin are systematically studying the differences
between spontaneous and prepared speech.  They found that people have
surprisingly quirky and different ways of pronouncing words.

%A Ivars Peterson
%T Exceptions to the Rule
%J Science News
%V 128
%D NOV 16, 1985
%P 314
%K natural language
%X talks about research into whether there exist natural
languages that are not context-free

------------------------------

End of AIList Digest
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