\m    11    2   57    2  1 'Seed Treatment'
\t'October 1987'                                              'IV A-'page
\a                 Dr. Tom Kucharek, Extension Plant Pathologist
\a
\a                                 SEED TREATMENT

                 Dr. Tom Kucharek, Extension Plant Pathologist



\h 1 'Seed Treatment'
                                 SEED TREATMENT

Seed treatment fungicides control fungal seed rots and preemergent seedling
blights.  Some control of postemergent seedling blight may result but this can
not be dependable unless the seed treatment fungicide is systemic.  Vitavax and
Chloroneb are systemic and effective when Rhizoctonia is involved.

Seed treatment should be considered a must before planting any crop.  Compared
to replanting costs, as a result of a poor stand, seed treatment is an
inexpensive item in production costs.  Also, yield increases have been
demonstrated with the use of some seed treatments.

THE BENEFITS OF SEED TREATMENT ARE MAXIMIZED WHEN THIS PRACTICE IS USED IN
CONJUNCTION WITH:

     1.  Crop rotation with non-related crops.

     2.  Burial of old debris with a plow (preferably a mold board type.)

     3.  When double cropping, allow time for prior crop's decomposition
         before planting.  Planting in "green manure" has resulted in a 100%
         loss in stand.

     4.  Disease free seed.  Commonly used seed treatment chemicals protect
         the seed from future infections and maybe offer some kill of fungi
         already on  the surface of the seed; SEED TREATMENTS DO NOT KILL
         FUNGI INSIDE THE SEED.  (Vitavax used for smut control on wheat and
         barley is an exception.)

     5.  Avoid deep planting.  The longer the time from planting to emergence
         the less effective will be the seed treatment.

     6.  Use of seed treatment:

         a.  Use rate and other instructions listed on the label.
         b.  Apron 25W and Apron FL are for use by commercial seed treaters
             only.  These products are effective for control of Pythium.
         c.  Chloroneb and Vitavax are effective for control of Rhizoctonia.
         d.  Where Captan is listed, it includes Captan 300, Captan 30-DD,
             Captan 400, Captan 400-D, and Captan 75%.
         e.  Where Thiram is listed, it includes Thiram 42-S, Thiram-30 and
             Thiram 50.
         e.  See listing below for specific chemicals.

\b         ALFALFA:  Captan, Apron 25W, Apron FL, Thiram

         CLOVER:  Captan, Apron 25W, Apron FL, Thiram

         CORN:  Captan, Thiram, Vitavax 34, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         COTTON:  Thiram, Vitavax, Vitavax 30C, Vitavax 34, Chloroneb 65-W,
                  Chloroneb 30 Flowable, Apron 25W, Apron FL, Flo-Pro D

         FORAGE GRASSES:  Captan L, Thiram, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         MILLET:  Captan, Thiram, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         OATS:  Vitavax, Vitavax 34, Vitavax 200, Vitavax-Captan 20-20,
            Apron 25W, Apron FL, LT-2GN

         PEANUTS:  Vitavax, Combination of Botran-30C, Thiram and Vitavax 30C,
            Apron 25W, Apron FL, Captan-DCNA 60-20

         RICE:  Captan, Thiram, Vitavax-200, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         RYE:  Captan, Thiram, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         SMALL SEEDED LEGUMES:  Thiram

         SORGHUM:  Captan, Thiram, Apron 25W, Apron FL

         SOYBEAN:  Chloroneb 65 Flowable, Vitavax 200, Vitavax 34,
            Apron 25W, Apron FL

         SUNFLOWER:  Captan 400, Captan 400-D, Apron FL*, Apron 25W

         TRITICALE:  Vitavax 34

         WHEAT:  Captan, Thiram, Vitavax, Vitavax-34, Vitavax 200,
           Vitavax-Captan 20-20, Apron 25W, Apron FL, LT-2GN

NOTE:  Captan and Thiram are sold in numerous formulations and mixtures.
       See 6D and 6E above.

* For export only.