==================================BSR39================================== 39. The role of zinc in the functioning of the immune system, especially the effect of zinc deficiency on primary and secondary antibody response following vaccination. 1 UI - 87111834 AU - Koo SI ; Norvell JE ; Algilani K ; Chow J TI - Effect of marginal zinc deficiency on the lymphatic absorption of [14C]cholesterol. AB - The effect of zinc deficiency on intestinal absorption of cholesterol was investigated in adult male rats fed 3.6 ppm of dietary zinc (ZD) and compared with pair-fed (PF) and ad-libitum (CT) controls fed 30.6 ppm of zinc for 10 to 12 wk. The intestinal absorption of cholesterol was measured by collecting the mesenteric lymph at hourly intervals for 8 h after infusing a dose of [14C]cholesterol in a lipid emulsion through an indwelling duodenal catheter. Data on the hourly lymphatic output of [14C]cholesterol showed that the absorption of [14C]cholesterol plateaued at 4 h postdosing in all groups. The rate of the appearance of [14C]cholesterol in the mesenteric lymph significantly decreased in ZD rats at 5 h and thereafter. The cumulative absorption of [14C]cholesterol by ZD rats for the 8-h period was 4.4 +/- 1.0% of the dose, compared with 11.8 +/- 1.1% by PF and 10.7 +/- 1.4% by CT rats. There were no differences in percent distribution of esterified [14C]cholesterol among the three groups. Also, no significant change in mucosal cholesterol esterase activity was observed due to zinc deficiency. The present data and previous findings taken together suggest that the primary mechanism responsible for the impaired absorption of cholesterol may be associated with defective formation of chylomicrons in the intestinal mucosa. MH - Animal ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol Esterase/METABOLISM ; Cholesterol, Dietary/*METABOLISM ; *Intestinal Absorption ; Intestinal Mucosa/ ENZYMOLOGY ; Lymphatic System/*METABOLISM ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Zinc/ *DEFICIENCY SO - J Nutr 1986 Dec;116(12):2363-71 2 UI - 87107734 AU - Yoffe B ; Pollack S ; Ben-Porath E ; Zinder O ; Barzilai D ; Gershon H TI - Natural killer cell activity in post-necrotic cirrhotic patients as related to hepatitis-B virus infection and plasma zinc levels. AB - In view of the suggested physiological role of natural killer (NK) cells in immunosurveillance and defence against viral infections, we have investigated the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and NK activity against K-562 cells in patients with post-necrotic cirrhosis. Overall, the NK activity in cirrhotic patients did not differ from age- and sex-matched controls. However, cirrhotic males with evidence of HBV infection with or without HBs antigenemia tend to have lower NK activity than controls. Cirrhotic males without evidence of HBV infection do not differ from controls. Such a trend was not observed in the female cirrhotic patients examined. In addition significantly reduced NK activity was observed in cirrhotic patients with low plasma zinc levels. This relationship is of interest because of the known association between zinc deficiency and various immunodeficiencies. MH - Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Hepatitis B/*BLOOD ; Human ; Killer Cells, Natural/ *IMMUNOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY ; Leukemia, Experimental ; Leukemia, Myelocytic ; Liver Cirrhosis/*BLOOD ; Male ; Middle Age ; Zinc/*BLOOD/DEFICIENCY SO - Immunol Lett 1986 Nov 17;14(1):15-9 3 UI - 87058552 AU - Cunnane SC ; Ainley CC ; Keeling PW ; Thompson RP ; Crawford MA TI - Diminished phospholipid incorporation of essential fatty acids in peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with Crohn's disease: correlation with zinc depletion. AB - Peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with Crohn's disease have been shown to have lower zinc content than those from a normal population. Since zinc influences essential fatty acid metabolism, incorporation of 14C-linoleic and 3H-arachidonic acids was studied in peripheral blood leucocytes from controls and patients with Crohn's disease. The zinc content of the leucocytes was also measured. After incubation for 2 h, content of 3H-arachidonic acid, but not 14C-linoleic acid, was greater in Crohn's disease leucocytes than in controls. In the Crohn's disease leucocytes, incorporation of both labelled fatty acids into the phosphatidylcholine fraction was significantly lower than in controls, whereas the amount of both fatty acids remaining in the leucocytes as free fatty acids was increased by 70%. In Crohn's disease, leucocyte zinc level was positively associated with the percentage of 3H-arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylcholine. We conclude that peripheral blood leucocytes from patients with Crohn's disease have abnormal essential fatty acid metabolism and that 3H-arachidonic acid incorporation into the phosphatidylcholine fraction of leucocyte lipids in Crohn's disease varies as the zinc content of the leucocytes. MH - Adult ; Arachidonic Acids/BLOOD ; Crohn Disease/*BLOOD ; Fatty Acids, Essential/*BLOOD ; Female ; Human ; Leukocytes/*METABOLISM ; Linoleic Acids/BLOOD ; Male ; Middle Age ; Phosphatidylcholines/BLOOD ; Phosphatidylethanolamines/BLOOD ; Phospholipids/*BLOOD ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Zinc/*DEFICIENCY SO - J Am Coll Nutr 1986;5(5):451-8 4 UI - 87014238 AU - Carlomagno MA ; Coghlan LG ; McMurray DN TI - Chronic zinc deficiency and listeriosis in rats: acquired cellular resistance and response to vaccination. AB - The functional significance of zinc deficiency on primary and secondary host responses to infection with a facultative intracellular pathogen was studied in specific pathogen free rats. Groups of female rats fed either a low zinc or normal diet for 8 or 10 weeks were infected with Listeria monocytogenes five days prior to sacrifice. Zinc-deficient rats demonstrated thymic atrophy, reduced delayed hypersensitivity responses to listeria antigen, and impaired lymphocyte response of spleen cells to phytohemagglutinin, but not to Concanavalin A. Separate groups of zinc-deficient or control rats were vaccinated with viable L. monocytogenes 10 days prior to respiratory challenge. Vaccination resulted in successful control of bacteria in both dietary groups. MH - Animal ; Diet ; DNA Replication ; Female ; *Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; *Immunity, Cellular ; *Immunity, Natural ; Listeria Infections/ COMPLICATIONS/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Listeria Monocytogenes ; Lymphocyte Transformation ; Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Vaccination ; Zinc/*DEFICIENCY SO - Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) 1986;175(5):271-80 5 UI - 87010940 AU - Li ET ; O'Dell BL TI - Effect of zinc status on the binding of prostaglandins to ovarian membranes and intact platelets of pregnant rats. AB - The effects of zinc deficiency on the binding of PGF2 alpha to ovarian membranes and of PGE1 to intact platelets prepared from pregnant rats were examined. On d 21 of gestation, rats fed low zinc (less than 1 ppm) diets throughout pregnancy had prostaglandin receptor characteristics significantly different from those of rats fed control diets (100 ppm zinc). The number of binding sites for PGF2 alpha was higher in the ovarian membranes prepared from deficient rats than in those from controls, whereas the affinity was not affected. In washed platelets from zinc-deficient rats there were fewer PGE1 binding sites but greater affinity for PGE1 than in platelets from controls. These results demonstrate that zinc status affects prostaglandin binding to membranes. The effects are not uniform with regard to different tissues and prostaglandin receptors but suggest an effect of zinc status on plasma membranes. MH - Alprostadil/METABOLISM ; Animal ; Blood Platelets/*METABOLISM ; Cell Membrane/METABOLISM ; Female ; Ovary/*METABOLISM ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy, Animal ; Prostaglandins F/METABOLISM ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Receptors, Prostaglandin/*METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Zinc/*DEFICIENCY SO - J Nutr 1986 Aug;116(8):1448-55 6 UI - 86261758 AU - Young JD ; Cohn ZA ; Podack ER TI - The ninth component of complement and the pore-forming protein (perforin 1) from cytotoxic T cells: structural, immunological, and functional similarities. AB - The ninth component of complement (C9) and the pore-forming protein (PFP or perforin) from cytotoxic T lymphocytes polymerize to tubular lesions having an internal diameter of 100 A and 160 A, respectively, when bound to lipid bilayers. Polymerized C9, assembled by slow spontaneous or rapid Zn2+-induced polymerization, and polyperforin, which is assembled only in the presence of Ca2+, constitute large aqueous pores that are stable, nonselective for solutes, and insensitive to changes of membrane potential. Monospecific polyclonal antibodies to purified C9 and PFP show cross-reactivity, suggesting structural homology between the two molecules. The structural and functional homologies between these two killer molecules imply an active role for pore formation during cell lysis. MH - Animal ; Centrifugation, Isopycnic ; Complement 9/*IMMUNOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY ; Cross Reactions ; Human ; Ion Channels/PHYSIOLOGY ; Membrane Proteins/ *IMMUNOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/ *PHYSIOLOGY ; Zinc/PHYSIOLOGY SO - Science 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):184-90 7 UI - 86172256 AU - Couvreur Y ; Quarre JP ; Bailly A ; Cornut P TI - Zinc deficiency and lymphocyte subpopulations. A study by flow cytometry. AB - Zinc deficiency is well known to alter immunity. We report the case of a 18-yr-old female with relapsing Crohn's disease who experienced acrodermatitis enteropathica due to zinc deficiency during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Blood lymphocytes have been studied by flow cytometry: before zinc treatment an important decrease of T-helper lymphocytes with high level of OKM-5+ lymphocytes had been observed. Zinc-supplemented diet induced within a few days, a rise of T-helper lymphocytes and a proportional reduction of OKM5+ cells. Increased values of high metabolism surface marker (OKT-9) were also observed, as well as cytoplasmic modifications. The authors suggest that lymphocyte surface markers could be useful to monitor TPN in patients at high risk for zinc deficiency. MH - Acrodermatitis/ETIOLOGY ; Adolescence ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Case Report ; Crohn Disease/IMMUNOLOGY/METABOLISM/THERAPY ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Human ; Lymphocytes/*CLASSIFICATION/IMMUNOLOGY ; Parenteral Hyperalimentation/*ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Zinc/*DEFICIENCY SO - JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1986 Mar-Apr;10(2):239-41 8 UI - 86165053 AU - Fraker PJ ; Gershwin ME ; Good RA ; Prasad A TI - Interrelationships between zinc and immune function. AB - Zinc deficiency is a common nutritional problem observed both in human and in animal populations that has profound effects on host defense mechanisms. Using the young adult mouse as a model, it has been demonstrated that a moderate period of suboptimal zinc causes thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and alterations in the proportions of the various subsets of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. As a result, antibody-mediated responses to both T cell-dependent and T cell independent antigens are significantly reduced. Cytolytic T cell responses, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are also depressed. Suboptimal zinc during in utero development of mice causes persistent states of immunodeficiency in the offspring that can even be transferred to subsequent generations. In regard to human immunological consequences of zinc deficiency, patients with the genetic disorder of zinc absorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica, also exhibit atrophic thymuses, lymphopenia, anergic DTH responses, and reduced NK cell activity. Patients suffering from sickle cell anemia or uremia with associated deficiencies in zinc exhibit similar immune deficiencies. An additional outcome of these studies has been shown to be an essential cofactor for thymulin, one of the thymic hormones. Furthermore, addition of zinc salts to culture can polyclonally activate lymphocytes as well as augment responses to mitogens in adjuvant-like manner. MH - Acrodermatitis/COMPLICATIONS/FAMILIAL & GENETIC ; Aged ; Animal ; Autoimmune Diseases/COMPLICATIONS ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/ METABOLISM ; Female ; Human ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed/METABOLISM ; *Immunity ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/ ETIOLOGY ; Killer Cells, Natural/PHYSIOLOGY ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Pregnancy ; Spleen/PHYSIOLOGY ; T Lymphocytes/ PHYSIOLOGY ; Thymus Gland/PHYSIOLOGY ; Zinc/*DEFICIENCY/PHYSIOLOGY SO - Fed Proc 1986 Apr;45(5):1474-9