==================================BSR01================================== 1. Studies on cellular antigens on monkey red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. Any studies on naturally occurring antibodies in monkeys that recognize human blood cells. Transfusion studies in monkeys. 1 UI - 87107722 AU - Nooij FJ ; van Vreeswijk W ; Coolen J TI - Polymorphism for RhT3, a CD3-like cell surface antigen, expressed on rhesus monkey T lymphocytes. AB - The target antigen of the FN18 monoclonal antibody, called RhT3, is probably the rhesus monkey homologue of the human CD3 antigen, expressed on mature T cells. RhT3 appears to be polymorphic, since FN18 was not reactive with T cells from all the screened animals. Thus, immunofluorescent staining of peripheral blood lymphocytes with FN18 antibody revealed either a positive or a negative phenotype for the target antigen. In a rhesus monkey population, nonreactivity for FN18 was observed in low frequency (2.7%). Expression and non-expression of RhT3 appeared to be constant characteristics. Non-expression was not associated with any demonstrable immunodeficiency. Further, there seemed to be no association between the presence of the FN18 target antigen and sex, age or expression of MHC class I antigens. Family studies indicated that the positive phenotype is expressed in the same fashion by animals presumably heterozygous or homozygous for the positive allele, the negative phenotype being expressed only on cells from animals homozygous for an assumed blank allele. Therefore, the positive phenotype is likely to be transmitted in an autosomal dominant mode. In the animals with the negative phenotype, normal T-cell numbers were present, as was demonstrated by B- and T-cell specific monoclonal antibodies. Cytoplasmic staining of cytospun lymphocyte preparations with FN18 revealed that polymorphism was present at the intracellular level. Cell proliferation tests, using PWM and Con A as mitogens, showed the presence of apparently functional RhT3 cell surface molecules in FN18 non-reactive animals. Polymorphism is therefore assumed to be at the epitope level. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Surface/ANALYSIS/*GENETICS ; Cytoplasm/IMMUNOLOGY ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Human ; Lymphocyte Transformation ; Lymphocytes/CLASSIFICATION ; Macaca mulatta ; Phenotype ; *Polymorphism (Genetics) ; Primates ; Species Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; T Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY SO - Immunology 1986 Dec;59(4):611-20 2 UI - 87096484 AU - Ohtaki S ; Kodama H ; Hondo R ; Kurata T TI - Activation of cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with varicella-zoster virus. AB - A systemic activated cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was fortuitously detected in almost all monkeys which had been immunosuppressed with antithymocyte globulin (ATG), cyclophosphamide (CY), and cortisone acetate (CS) before and after experimental inoculation with varicella-zoster virus (VZV). They developed exudative pneumonia, and the lesions in visceral organs and tissues contained cytomegalic cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies, in which viral antigens, specific for CMV, but not inoculated VZV, were detected by immunofluorescence. Serological study of paired sera from these monkeys ascertained preexisting CMV infection. Under the present experimental conditions, this infection was highly reproducible and always occurred within three, but not two, weeks of immunosuppression in monkeys inoculated with VZV. We therefore examined the host factors involved in activation of latent CMV. The immunocompetence of the host was destroyed almost completely with treatment of ATG, CY, and CS, but not with combinations of two of these agents, revealing the systemic depletion of lymphoid cells in tissues including the thymus medulla. Although the role of VZV in the induction of CMV remains uncertain, the heterologous VZV inoculum may have produced some effects equivalent to the allogeneic reaction to release latent CMV. These monkeys may represent an animal model of "opportunistic: CMV infection in immunocompromised and/or allografted humans. MH - Age Factors ; Animal ; Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Antilymphocyte Serum ; Cortisone/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cytomegalic Inclusion Disease/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY ; Cytomegaloviruses/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Female ; Immunosuppression ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Opportunistic Infections/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY ; T Lymphocytes ; Varicella-Zoster Virus/IMMUNOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY SO - Acta Pathol Jpn 1986 Oct;36(10):1537-52 3 UI - 87082364 AU - Nakamura H ; Tanaka Y ; Komuro-Tsujimoto A ; Ishikawa K ; Takadaya K ; Tozawa H ; Tsujimoto H ; Honjo S ; Hayami M TI - Experimental inoculation of monkeys with autologous lymphoid cell lines immortalized by and producing human T-cell leukemia virus type-I. AB - Cynomolgus monkeys and squirrel monkeys were inoculated with autologous lymphoid cell lines immortalized by and producing human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) in order to serve as an animal model of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The autologous cell lines were established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from each monkey by co-cultivation with lethally irradiated MT-2 cells producing HTLV-I. All of these cell lines, which had monkey karyotypes, grew continuously without addition of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and expressed virus-specific proteins of HTLV-I and IL-2 receptor. After inoculation with the autologous cell lines, specific antibodies against HTLV-I proteins could be detected in their plasma, and transformed HTLV-I-infected cells could be recovered from their peripheral blood for at least 6 months. However, no signs of ATL have been observed to data, i.e. 2 years after inoculation. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; HTLV Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Lymphocytes/ *MICROBIOLOGY ; Macaca fascicularis ; Male ; Receptors, Immunologic/ ANALYSIS ; Saimiri ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Int J Cancer 1986 Dec 15;38(6):867-75 4 UI - 87073929 AU - Lujan R ; Dennis VA ; Chapman WL Jr ; Hanson WL TI - Blastogenic responses of peripheral blood leukocytes from owl monkeys experimentally infected with Leishmania braziliensis panamensis. AB - The relationship of the progression and regression of cutaneous lesions of 6 owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) to the responses of their peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in vitro to mitogens and to leishmanial antigens, as well as their delayed skin test responses (DTH) in vivo to leishmanin antigen, were studied after primary and challenge infections with Leishmania braziliensis panamensis (WR 128 or WR 539). All 6 infected monkeys developed primary and satellite cutaneous leishmanial lesions which were measured for up to 30 weeks in 3 of the monkeys and up to 52 weeks in the other 3 monkeys. Two owl monkeys which had recovered from cutaneous leishmaniasis demonstrated acquired resistance when challenged with an intradermal inoculation of L. b. panamensis (WR 128). Reactivity of PBL from infected owl monkeys to PHA, Con A, and PWM was similar during primary and challenge infections to that observed prior to infection. Reactivity to leishmanial antigens was detected at 20 to 28 weeks post-infection (PI), became statistically significant after 28 weeks and remained elevated up to 52 weeks PI and after challenge infections. During primary infections DTH responses to leishmanin antigen were detected as early as 8 weeks PI, and continued up to 27 weeks PI. After challenge infections DTH reactivity was positive at 25 and 37 weeks, the only times the response was evaluated. The immunological responses of owl monkeys to L. b. panamensis were similar in many respects to those observed in humans with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. This nonhuman primate model should be useful for future studies involving the immunology and chemotherapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Protozoan/IMMUNOLOGY ; Aotus trivirgatus/PARASITOLOGY ; Female ; Intradermal Tests ; Leishmania braziliensis/IMMUNOLOGY ; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Leukocytes/*PARASITOLOGY ; Leukocytosis/PARASITOLOGY ; Male ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Am J Trop Med Hyg 1986 Nov;35(6):1103-9 5 UI - 87067489 AU - Pert CB ; Hill JM ; Ruff MR ; Berman RM ; Robey WG ; Arthur LO ; Ruscetti FW ; Farrar WL TI - Octapeptides deduced from the neuropeptide receptor-like pattern of antigen T4 in brain potently inhibit human immunodeficiency virus receptor binding and T-cell infectivity. AB - The differentiation antigen T4, present on the helper/inducer subset of T lymphocytes, is thought to serve as the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We find that a 60-kDa protein, immunoprecipitable by monoclonal antibody (mAb) OKT4, is present on membranes from human brain as well as human T cells. Furthermore, the radioiodinated HIV envelope glycoprotein [125I-labeled gp120 (125I-gp120)] can be specifically covalently affixed to a molecule present on rat, monkey, and human brain membranes to yield a complex that is indistinguishable from that formed on human T cells. T4 antigen has been studied on unfixed squirrel monkey, rat, and human brain sections by autoradiography using the mAb OKT4. A highly conserved neuroanatomical pattern has been demonstrated, suggesting an analogous organization in these three mammalian brains. Furthermore, the localization of 125I-gp120 receptor binding appears similar to that of T4 and is highly reminiscent of patterns for many previously characterized neuropeptide receptors. A computer-assisted analysis of gp120 suggested that a previously unremarkable octapeptide sequence within the gp120 protein, which we have synthesized and termed "peptide T,: may play an important role in HIV attachment. Thus, peptide T and three rationally designed peptide analogs, each with a systematic amino acid substitution, potently inhibit specific 125I-gp120 binding to brain membranes. Additionally, when tested in a viral infectivity assay, these peptides show the same rank order and similar absolute potency to block HIV infection of human T cells. Thus, peptide T may provide a useful pharmacological or immunological basis for the control and treatment of AIDS. MH - Amino Acid Sequence ; Animal ; Antigens, Surface/*METABOLISM ; Brain/ *METABOLISM ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Membrane/METABOLISM ; Human ; HTLV-III/*METABOLISM ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*METABOLISM ; Rats ; Receptors, Virus/*METABOLISM ; Saimiri ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/*METABOLISM ; Viral Envelope Proteins/METABOLISM SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 Dec;83(23):9254-8 6 UI - 87032487 AU - Wasik M ; Muirhead D ; Rubocki R ; Milgrom F TI - Enzyme immunoassay with cell suspensions: studies on reactions between serum antibodies and cell-surface antigens. AB - The following reactions of serum antibodies with cell surface antigens were studied by means of an enzyme immunoassay with cell suspensions: Rh antiserum with human red blood cells; H-2 antisera with murine red blood cells; H-2 antisera with murine thymocytes and hepatocytes; Thy-1 antiserum with murine thymocytes; polyvalent and monovalent HLA alloantisera with human leukocytes and human mononuclear cells, and antisera of murine origin with human and marmoset lymphoid cell lines. In all instances, with the exception of monovalent HLA antisera, the assay proved to be a sensitive and highly specific procedure. MH - Animal ; *Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Antigens, Surface/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Callithricidae ; Cell Line ; Erythrocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; H-2 Antigens/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; *Immunoenzyme Technics ; Liver/IMMUNOLOGY ; Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; Mice ; RH-HR Blood-Group System/IMMUNOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Suspensions SO - Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1986;81(3):269-75 7 UI - 87014785 AU - Zarling JM ; Morton W ; Moran PA ; McClure J ; Kosowski SG ; Hu SL TI - T-cell responses to human AIDS virus in macaques immunized with recombinant vaccinia viruses. AB - There is much interest in developing vaccines against acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by a retrovirus termed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Isolates of this virus include human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV). Several approaches towards the development of an AIDS vaccine result in the production of antibodies in subprimates. These methods involve the use of: antigens isolated from the AIDS virus; viral antigens expressed by transfected cells or by recombinant vaccinia viruses; and particular synthetic peptides of viral antigens. Because T-cell-mediated immunity (in addition to antibodies) is involved in resistance to diseases and death caused by various enveloped viruses, we sought to determine whether potential AIDS vaccines can induce T-cell responses against the AIDS virus. Here we report that immunization of non-human primates, Macaca fascicularis (macaques), with recombinant vaccinia viruses that express LAV envelope glycoproteins gp41 and gp110 results not only in the production of antibodies against the LAV envelope antigens but also in the generation of T-cells that proliferate and produce the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2), in response to stimulation with purified LAV. We believe this is the first report demonstrating T-cell-mediated immunity to the virus that causes AIDS. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS ; HTLV-III/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Interleukin 2/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Lymphocyte Transformation ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Macaca/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Receptors, Immunologic/METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Vaccines, Synthetic/IMMUNOLOGY ; Viral Envelope Proteins/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Viral Vaccines/IMMUNOLOGY SO - Nature 1986 Sep 25-Oct 1;323(6086):344-6 8 UI - 87014763 AU - Collins WE ; Anders RF ; Pappaioanou M ; Campbell GH ; Brown GV ; Kemp DJ ; Coppel RL ; Skinner JC ; Andrysiak PM ; Favaloro JM ; et al TI - Immunization of Aotus monkeys with recombinant proteins of an erythrocyte surface antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Recent studies have identified and characterized a ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of approximately 155,000 (refs 1-7). RESA is localized in the micronemes of merozoites and also the membrane of red cells infected with ring-stage parasites. It is thought to be released through the apical pore from the rhoptry at the time of merozoite invasion. Because antibodies directed against this antigen strongly inhibit parasite growth in vitro, RESA may be useful in developing a vaccine against this parasite Here we describe an immunization trial using Aotus monkeys and Escherichia coli-derived fused polypeptides corresponding to various regions of the RESA molecule. Some monkeys in all test groups, but not in the control group, were protected against overwhelming infection. Strikingly, protection correlated with antibody responses to either of two different repetitive sequences in RESA. MH - Animal ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigenic Determinants ; Antigens, Protozoan/GENETICS/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens, Surface/GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Immunization ; Plasmodium Falciparum/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Vaccines, Synthetic SO - Nature 1986 Sep 18-24;323(6085):259-62 9 UI - 87005948 AU - Hammarskj:old ML ; Wang SC ; Klein G TI - High-level expression of the Epstein-Barr virus EBNA1 protein in CV1 cells and human lymphoid cells using a SV40 late replacement vector. AB - To construct a recombinant plasmid designed to yield large amounts of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen, EBNA1, the EBV BamHI-K fragment (B95-8 strain) was inserted into an expression vector composed of SV40 and pBR322 DNA. The vector replicates in both Escherichia coli and eukaryotic cells. Introduction of such a BamHI-K-containing vector into CV1 monkey cells (using DEAE-dextran, glycerol and chloroquine diphosphate) gave high yields of the correct size EBNA1 protein in 40-50% of the transfected cells. Maximal amounts of EBNA1 could be extracted from the cells at 65-72 h post transfection. Using a quantitative ELISA assay, it was estimated that transfected cells express 500-1000 times more EBNA1 than lymphoid cells, latently infected with EBV. A monoclonal antibody directed against EBNA1 immunoprecipitated two proteins of 74 and 62 kDa from transfected cells. These same two proteins were detected in immunoprecipitation and immunoblot experiments using human EBV-positive polyclonal serum, although this serum also detected several other protein products in transfected cells. In vivo labelling of transfected cells with [32P]orthophosphate showed that the 74- and 62-kDa proteins are modified by phosphorylation. The same vector construction was also used to transfect an EBV-negative human lymphoblastoid cell line (Ramos). Expression of the EBNA1 protein was obtained in up to 20% of the cells. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Viral/*GENETICS ; Callithricidae ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; DNA Insertion Elements ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Epstein-Barr Virus/*GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Escherichia Coli/GENETICS ; Genes, Structural ; Genes, Viral ; *Genetic Vectors ; Human ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Phosphoproteins/GENETICS ; Plasmids ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; SV40 Virus/*GENETICS ; Transfection SO - Gene 1986;43(1-2):41-50 10 UI - 86322918 AU - Hilfenhaus J ; Kanzy EJ ; K:ohler R ; Willems WR TI - Generation of human anti-rubella monoclonal antibodies from human hybridomas constructed with antigen-specific Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell lines. AB - Human monoclonal antibodies (humab) directed against viral antigens were developed by combining immortalization of human primary B lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection with consecutive fusion of selected immortalized lymphoblasts with an established, human lymphoblastoid cell line. Using EBV infection a high rate of immortalized B lymphoblastoid cells was obtained which unfortunately could not be cloned because at least 10 cells per microtiter well had to be seeded to get cells growing. However, fusion of these immortalized lymphoblastoid cells which had been selected for antiviral humab production with an established cell line resulted in hybridomas which could easily be cloned. Among the antiviral humab producing hybridomas thus generated, were three which produced anti-rubella humab. Rubella virus consists of three structural proteins, the core protein C and the two envelope proteins E1 and E2. By the western blot technique we were able to show that two humab reacted with the core protein and the third humab with the envelope protein E1. From the hybridomas grown in stationary cultures, highly purified humab preparations were obtained by subjecting the concentrated culture supernatant to immuno-affinity chromatography. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*DIAGNOSTIC USE ; Antigens, Viral/ *ANALYSIS ; B Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; Callithricidae ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; Epstein-Barr Virus/*GENETICS ; Human ; Hybridomas/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Rubella/ *IMMUNOLOGY SO - Behring Inst Mitt 1986 Jun;(80):31-41 11 UI - 86312638 AU - Tsutsumi H ; Bernstein JM ; Riepenhoff-Talty M ; Ogra PL TI - Immune response to herpes simplex virus in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. II. Relationship between interferon production and cytotoxic responses. AB - The relationship between the development of cytotoxic cellular immune response to herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1)-infected autologous cells and the production of interferon (IFN) was studied using in vitro secondary sensitization of peripheral blood leukocytes in subjects with recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) and in normal controls without any history of recurrent herpes labialis. There was a significant discordance between optimal HSV-1 antigen dose required for induction of peak cytotoxic responses and for maximal activity of IFN. Moderate IFN activity (6-100 U/ml) was demonstrated in all HSV-1 antigen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes collected from subjects during both acute and convalescent phase of RHL. However, only 50% of seropositive controls and no seronegative controls exhibited detectable IFN activity, when stimulated with HSV-1 antigen, although such in vitro stimulation resulted in maximal virus-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity. A correlation of virus specific cytotoxic activity to HSV-1 and IFN production (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05) was less marked than that of cytotoxic activity to K562 (natural killer-sensitive target cells) and IFN titer (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01). Furthermore significant reverse correlations between cytotoxicity against HSV-1-infected autologous cells and a titer of gamma-IFN was observed in samples with high cytotoxic activity. These observations suggest that gamma-IFN produced by HSV immune T cell may also act as an autoregulatory factor against the production of cytotoxic cellular activity against HSV-1-infected autologous cells. MH - Adult ; Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Herpes Labialis/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Herpesvirus Hominis/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; Interferon Type I/*BIOSYNTHESIS ; Interferon Type II/*BIOSYNTHESIS ; Kidney ; Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; Middle Age ; Recurrence ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - Pediatr Res 1986 Sep;20(9):905-8 12 UI - 86304929 AU - Letvin NL ; Chalifoux LV ; Reimann KA ; Ritz J ; Schlossman SF ; Lambert JM TI - In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates. Delivery of ribosome-inactivating proteins to spleen and lymph node T cells. AB - The selective delivery in vivo of a T lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibody and immunotoxin conjugates to T cells in lymph node and spleen was assessed in rhesus monkeys. A transient coating of all T lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and spleens of healthy rhesus monkeys could be achieved after infusion of unconjugated anti-T11. Because derivatized antibody is cleared more rapidly than unconjugated antibody, it was necessary to infuse a higher dose of immunotoxin than antibody alone to achieve saturation of the lymphocyte binding sites with anti-T11. When sufficient antibody-toxin conjugate was infused, toxin was readily demonstrable on lymph node and spleen T cells by 16 h after infusion. This demonstration that toxins can be successfully delivered with specificity to target T cell populations in the monkey suggests that killing of restricted cell populations in vivo should be feasible. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ANALYSIS/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens/IMMUNOLOGY ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Disulfides ; Histocytochemistry ; Lymph Nodes/*CYTOLOGY ; Macaca mulatta ; Plant Proteins/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ANALYSIS ; Spleen/*CYTOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/ ANALYSIS/*IMMUNOLOGY SO - J Clin Invest 1986 Sep;78(3):666-73 13 UI - 86303105 AU - Rangan SR ; Martin LN ; Bozelka BE ; Wang N ; Gormus BJ TI - Epstein-Barr virus-related herpesvirus from a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) with malignant lymphoma. AB - A herpesvirus (RhEBV) was isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) that became established from a malignant lymphoma in a rhesus monkey. The predominant cell marker in the LCL was that of B lymphocytes. RhEBV-induced viral capsid (VCA) and nuclear antigens (NA) in the LCL were serologically related to similar antigens known to be induced by human Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). RhEBV was of nonhuman primate origin and was clearly differentiated from EBV in the anti-complement immunofluorescence reaction using human and non-human primate sera with antibodies to the NA induced by the respective viruses. While human sera reacted with NA induced by both EBV and RhEBV, monkey sera failed to recognize the NA induced by EBV. RhEBV-induced NA was present in nearly all the cells of a suspension prepared from the tumor tissue mass, but not in the monolayer fibroblasts derived from the tumor tissue or in the blood and lymph-node lymphocytes of clinically healthy animals. RhEBV induced in vitro transformation and establishment of LCLs from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys but not from those of 6 other non-human primate species tested. The LCLs, with predominant B-lymphocyte markers, established after treatment with RhEBV, all had evidence of the virus infection since nearly all cells in the culture expressed the virus-induced NA. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS ; B Lymphocytes/MICROBIOLOGY ; Capsid/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Cell Line ; Epstein-Barr Virus/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION ; Lymphoma/MICROBIOLOGY/*VETERINARY ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - Int J Cancer 1986 Sep 15;38(3):425-32 14 UI - 86298452 AU - Gengozian N ; Longley RE ; Filler J ; Good RA TI - Natural killer cells in the blood and bone marrow of the rhesus monkey. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and bone marrow (BM) cells of the rhesus monkey were detected by their functional activity against K562 cells. Animals could be grouped into "high: or "low: NK responders, a trait found to be consistent over a period of 2 years. NK active cells in PBL were in the nonadherent population, with the majority bearing Fc receptors and a further subdivision of these into CR+ (complement receptor) and CR- NK cells. Of 10 monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of human lymphocytes, OKT11, OKT10, and Leu 11 showed reactivity with rhesus NK cells. Only OKT10 was reactive with the effector site of the cell, as shown by its capability to block NK function. Of the Leu 11 monoclonal antibodies (a, b, c), Leu 11c was nonreactive while Leu 11a and Leu 11b were shown by immunofluorescence to bind to 7 to 21% of PBL; Leu 11b was also cytotoxic to the NK cells. Leu 11b did not prevent binding of Leu 11a to PBL, suggesting reactivity of these antibodies with different epitopes. Percoll fractionation of PBL and BM revealed a greater enrichment of NK activity with BM; also, with PBL peak NK activity occurred in fractions 4 and 5 while this occurred in fraction 5 with BM. Although Percoll PBL fractions contained a higher percentage of Leu 11b cells, the NK activity of the BM fractions was proportionately greater. The majority of PBL cells with NK activity were FcR+ while significant activity could be attributed to FcR- cells of BM, in both the unseparated and Percoll fractions of each tissue. The data suggest NK active cells of BM may be distinct from those found in PBL. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Surface/ANALYSIS ; Bone Marrow/*CYTOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Separation ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Female ; Killer Cells, Natural/CLASSIFICATION/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Macaca/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Macaca mulatta/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Male ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Complement/ANALYSIS ; Receptors, Fc/ANALYSIS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - Cell Immunol 1986 Aug;101(1):24-38 15 UI - 86284820 AU - Schmidt-Ullrich R ; Wallach DF ; Monroe MM TI - Membrane orientation and antigenic peptides of an immunoprotective 74 kDa Plasmodium knowlesi glycoprotein. AB - Vaccination trials have shown that a purified, 74 kDa glycoprotein, GP74, isolated from the host cell membrane of Plasmodium knowlesi-infected rhesus erythrocytes, can provide protective immunity against P. knowlesi malaria. We have extended this work by a tryptic peptide analysis of the disposition of GP74 in the host cell membrane. Of the 18 peptides characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography only four were accessible to lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of non-leaky, schizont-infected host cells from the extracellular space. Metabolic labeling with radioactive glucosamine indicates that two of the surface exposed peptides are glycopeptides, and one of these, peptide 12 appears to carry a dominant antigenic site, according to its reactivity with immunoglobulin from sera of monkeys protected against P. knowlesi malaria. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Protozoan/ANALYSIS ; Antigens, Surface/ANALYSIS ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Erythrocyte Membrane/*ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Erythrocytes/ PARASITOLOGY ; Glycoproteins/*BLOOD/IMMUNOLOGY ; Macaca mulatta ; Malaria/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Male ; Peptide Fragments/BLOOD/IMMUNOLOGY ; Plasmodium/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Vaccines SO - Mol Biochem Parasitol 1986 Jul;20(1):15-23 16 UI - 86281645 AU - Murayama Y ; Fukao K ; Noguchi A ; Takenaka O TI - Epitope expression on primate lymphocyte surface antigens. AB - The cross-reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 28 nonhuman primates was investigated with ten kinds of Leu series of monoclonal antibodies specific to human T-, natural killer/killer-, and B-cells. The chimpanzees possessed all ten epitopes examined but the orangutan lacked Leu4 and Leu7 epitopes and the gibbons lacked Leu4, Leu7, and Leu12 epitopes. In addition to the above epitopes, the Old World monkeys lacked Leu1 and Leu10 epitopes. The Leu3a/Leu2a cell ratios varied from 0 to 1.56 among the 12 macaque species and this enabled classification of these species into three groups. In the New World monkeys, Leu2a epitope was absent, whereas Leu11a epitope was detected in several species and Leu3a epitope was found only in the owl monkeys. The prosimians expressed only HLA-DR epitope. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigenic Determinants/IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens, Surface/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Cebidae/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cercopithecidae/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Cross Reactions ; Evolution ; Human ; Lymphocytes/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Primates/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Prosimii/IMMUNOLOGY ; Species Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Med Primatol 1986;15(3):215-26 17 UI - 86269677 AU - Epstein MA TI - The 1986 Walter Hubert lecture. Recent studies on a vaccine to prevent EB virus-associated cancers. AB - Epstein-Barr (EB) virus was discovered in 1964 (Epstein et al., 1964). In the decades since then an immense body of information has been accumulated on the virus and a great deal is now known about its general biological behaviour, its epidemiology, its molecular biology, the humoral and cellular immunological responses which it evokes, and about its relationship to human cancers. The fact that EB virus was thought from the outset to be a human tumour virus was no doubt responsible for the large number of laboratories in which it has been studied. Viruses causing tumours in animals have been known since early in the present century and affect frogs, fowl, rodents, rabbits, cats, cattle, monkeys and even fish (Klein, 1980). It was obvious that man could not be different in this respect and the finding of EB virus therefore promised to bring human tumours into line with those of other species. MH - Adult ; Animal ; Antigens, Surface/IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens, Viral, Tumor/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Burkitt's Lymphoma/*PREVENTION & CONTROL ; Callithricidae ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clinical Trials ; DNA, Viral ; Epstein-Barr Virus/IMMUNOLOGY ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Glycoproteins/IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/ ETIOLOGY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL ; Review ; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Vaccination ; *Viral Vaccines SO - Br J Cancer 1986 Jul;54(1):1-5 18 UI - 86268376 AU - Makabe T ; Sato M ; Ouneda S ; Inaba Y TI - Hemagglutination with ovine rotavirus. Brief report. AB - The virus was grown in MA 104 cells, a stable cell line derived from embryonic rhesus monkey kidney, and tested for hemagglutination (HA) with erythrocytes of a variety of species at 4 degrees C, room temperature and 37 degrees C. HA was observed at all temperatures with chicken, sheep, rabbit, guinea pig and human erythrocytes but not with horse, cattle, goat, swine and goose erythrocytes. HA reaction was inhibited by specific antiserum. Some factors involved in the HA and HA-inhibition (HI) were investigated and standard HA and HI tests were worked out. The HI test as well as neutralization test clearly distinguished ovine rotavirus from bovine, human, simian, equine, porcine and lapine rotaviruses. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cell Line ; Chickens ; Comparative Study ; Erythrocytes ; Geese ; Goats ; Guinea Pigs ; *Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; *Hemagglutination Tests ; Hemagglutinins, Viral/PHYSIOLOGY ; Horses ; Human ; Kidney ; Macaca mulatta ; Rabbits ; Rotaviruses/IMMUNOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/ *PHYSIOLOGY ; Sheep/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Species Specificity SO - Arch Virol 1986;90(1-2):153-8 19 UI - 86253159 AU - Iino T ; Takeuchi K ; Nam SH ; Siomi H ; Sabe H ; Kobayashi N ; Hatanaka M TI - Structural analysis of p28 adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen. AB - The 28,000 mol. wt. polypeptide (p28) of adult T-cell leukaemia-associated antigen encoded by the 24S defective human T-cell leukaemia virus (HTLV-I) is associated with protein kinase activity. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of this defective HTLV-I provirus and found that it contains a portion of the gag gene (p19 and part of p24), the pX region, and two long terminal repeats, one at each end. The predicted p28 gag-pX fused protein consists of 190 amino acids and its mol. wt. was calculated as 21,055. The results of peptide mapping analysis showing that p28 contains p19 supported the nucleotide sequence data. That p28 was encoded by this defective provirus was also demonstrated by transient expression of p28 polypeptide in COS 7 cells transfected with a recombinant plasmid containing a simian virus 40 early promoter and the p28-coding region of the 24S HTLV-I. MH - Adult ; Animal ; Antigens, Viral/*ANALYSIS/BIOSYNTHESIS/GENETICS ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Defective Viruses/ GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY ; DNA, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Human ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/GENETICS/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Kidney ; Leukemia/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; T Lymphocytes SO - J Gen Virol 1986 Jul;67 ( Pt 7):1373-9 y] SS 8 /C? prt ar compr include mh skip 19 20 UI - 86247450 AU - McLeod JF ; Kowalski MA ; Haddad JG TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to human serum vitamin D binding protein (Gc globulin): recognition of an epitope hidden in membranes of circulating monocytes. AB - We have developed a murine hybridoma cell line that secretes a monoclonal antibody directed to the serum human vitamin D binding protein (hDBP), a 58,000-dalton alpha-globulin with a high avidity for 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and globular actin. This immunoglobulin G1 kappa-light chain antibody was produced by the fusion of the spleen cells from BALB/c mice, immunized with purified hDBP, with SP2/0-AG4 myeloma cells. The antibody was easily removed from the supernatant of hybridoma cultures or mouse ascites fluid by Protein A affinity chromatography. Apparent serum monospecificity was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing gels transblotted to nylon membranes and overlayed with purified MAK 89 antibody and radioiodinated Protein A. The affinity of the antibody is high [dissociation constant (Kd) = 2.6 X 10(-11) M]. Parallel displacement of tracer by hDBP and human serum was observed. The sera from various species displaced the hDBP tracer in the following potency: monkey more than cat more than dog more than guinea pig. RIAs for DBP from several species are feasible with this antibody. This antibody does not, in contrast to polyclonal anti-hDBP antiserum, bind to viable monocytes. However, the MAK 89 antibody does bind to the membranes of well washed, fixed, and permeant circulating monocytes. Surface membrane radioiodination of monocytes and immunoprecipitation of the detergent lysates with the antibody demonstrates a protein with molecular weight equivalent to hDBP. The epitope recognized, therefore, appears to be hidden in the viable cells, suggesting an intimate and intricate association of the hDBP and monocyte plasma membrane. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigenic Determinants/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Cats ; Cercopithecidae ; Comparative Study ; Dogs ; Guinea Pigs ; Human ; IgG/IMMUNOLOGY ; Membrane Proteins/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Mice ; Monocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Species Specificity ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Vitamin D-Binding Protein/*IMMUNOLOGY SO - Endocrinology 1986 Jul;119(1):77-83 21 UI - 86233363 AU - Reisner Y ; Ben-Bassat I ; Douer D ; Kaploon A ; Schwartz E ; Ramot B TI - Demonstration of clonable alloreactive host T cells in a primate model for bone marrow transplantation. AB - The phenomenon of marrow rejection following supralethal radiochemotherapy was explained in the past mainly by non-T-cell mechanisms known to be resistant to high-dose irradiation. In the present study a low but significant number of radiochemoresistant-clonable T cells was found in the peripheral blood and spleen of Rhesus monkeys following the cytoreductive protocol used for treatment of leukemia patients prior to bone marrow transplantation. More than 95% of the clonable cells are concentrated in the spleen 5 days after transplant. The cells possess immune memory as demonstrated by the generation of alloreactive-specific cytotoxicity. The present findings suggest that host-versus-graft activity may be mediated by alloreactive T cells. It is hoped that elimination of such cells prior to bone marrow transplantation will increase the engraftment rate of HLA-nonidentical marrow in leukemia patients. MH - Animal ; Bone Marrow/CYTOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSPLANTATION ; Cell Cycle ; Clone Cells ; Cyclophosphamide/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Isoantigens/IMMUNOLOGY ; Lymph Nodes/RADIATION EFFECTS ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Rosette Formation ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; T Lymphocytes/CYTOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY/RADIATION EFFECTS ; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/CYTOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/RADIATION EFFECTS ; Whole Body Irradiation SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 Jun;83(11):4012-5 22 UI - 86226224 AU - Emini EA ; Luka J ; Armstrong ME ; Banker FS ; Provost PJ ; Pearson GR TI - Establishment and characterization of a chronic infectious mononucleosislike syndrome in common marmosets. AB - Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was inoculated into two species of marmosets. Successful infection was established in the majority of the animals of one species, Callithrix jacchus, as evidenced by the development of high, persistent levels of antibody against virus-specific capsid and early nonstructural proteins. Antibodies also were produced against the major membrane antigen and, in some animals, against EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2 but not against EBNA 1. This is the antibody profile normally noted in individuals with chronic infectious mononucleosis (IM). EBV-induced lymphoproliferation was not seen, and EBV-specific proteins were not detected in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of infected animals. Hence, EBV infection in C. jacchus apparently does not generally include extensive B-cell involvement. However, the marmosets clearly are useful as a model for EBV primary infection and also possibly for chronic IM. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/*ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens, Viral/ IMMUNOLOGY ; B Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; *Callithricidae ; *Callithrix ; Chronic Disease ; Comparative Study ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epstein-Barr Virus/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Fluorescent Antibody Technic ; Immunosorbent Technics ; Infectious Mononucleosis/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Saguinus ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - J Med Virol 1986 Apr;18(4):369-79 23 UI - 86214411 AU - Jantscheff P ; Indzhiia LV ; Micheel B TI - Search for CEA-like molecules in polymorphonuclear leukocytes of non-human primates using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The monoclonal anti-CEA antibody ZIK-A42-A/C1 which reacts with NCA of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found to bind also to polymorphonuclear blood leukocytes of the following non-human primates tested: hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas), stump-tailed monkey (Macaca arctoides), pig-tailed monkey (Macaca nemestrina), and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata). No binding was observed to mononuclear blood leukocytes. It was concluded that non-human primates contain CEA-like substances in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes as humans do and that these substances carry some identical epitopes. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*ANALYSIS ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen/ *ANALYSIS ; Cells, Cultured ; Immunologic Technics ; Macaca ; Macaca mulatta ; Macaca nemestrina ; Neutrophils/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Papio ; Primates/ *IMMUNOLOGY SO - Arch Geschwulstforsch 1986;56(2):113-6 24 UI - 86200149 AU - Murayama Y ; Fukao K ; Noguchi A ; Takenaka O TI - Sheep red blood cell receptor and the epitope detected by Leu-5 monoclonal antibody in primates. AB - The expression of the epitope detected by the monoclonal antibody Leu-5 and the rosette formation with sheep red blood cells was examined for the mononuclear cells of 25 primate species including human subject. The plot of rosette-forming cells against Leu-5-positive cells enabled us to classify these species into three large groups: hominoids--Old World monkeys (Leu-5-positive cells greater than or equal to rosette-forming cells), New World monkeys (Leu-5-positive cells less than rosette-forming cells), and prosimians (Leu-5-positive cells less than 5%, some of them with both Leu-5-positive cells and rosette-forming cells less than 5%). MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*DIAGNOSTIC USE ; Antigenic Determinants/ *ANALYSIS ; Cebidae ; Cercopithecidae ; Chimpansee troglodytes ; Comparative Study ; Erythrocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Flow Cytometry ; Primates ; Prosimii ; Receptors, Endogenous Substances/*ANALYSIS ; Rosette Formation ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Med Primatol 1986;15(1):63-7 25 UI - 86180958 AU - Jonker M ; Nooij FJ ; van Suylichem P ; Neuhaus P ; Goldstein G TI - The influence of OKT8F treatment on allograft survival in rhesus monkeys. AB - The immunosuppressive effect of a monoclonal antibody specific for the cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD8) was investigated in rhesus monkeys. This antibody (OKT8F) removed the CD8-positive T cells from the circulation and prolonged skin allograft survival. Since most patients awaiting a kidney allograft are transfused prior to transplantation, the immunosuppressive potency of OKT8F was subsequently investigated in transfused recipients. No significant prolongation of the mean survival time was observed when OKT8F was given prophylactically. However, no early rejections were observed, while 30% of the control animals rejected their kidneys within 2 weeks. This might indicate that OKT8F prevents early rejection of a kidney allograft in transfused recipients. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Antigens, Surface/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Blood Transfusion ; Female ; *Graft Survival ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney/TRANSPLANTATION ; Lymphocytes/CLASSIFICATION ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Skin/TRANSPLANTATION ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Transplantation 1986 Apr;41(4):431-5 26 UI - 86169650 AU - Barbosa JA ; Mentzer SJ ; Kamarck ME ; Hart J ; Biro PA ; Strominger JL ; Burakoff SJ TI - Gene mapping and somatic cell hybrid analysis of the role of human lymphocyte function-associated antigen-3 (LFA-3) in CTL-target cell interactions. AB - LFA-3 is expressed on a wide variety of human cell lines, including those which have been used as recipients for gene transfer of human class I gene products, whereas a murine counterpart is either absent or significantly different such that the anti-LFA-3 monoclonal antibody (MAb) does not bind. By using a somatic cell genetic approach, we demonstrate that LFA-3 is not a major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecule, and that its gene locus maps to human chromosome 1. When LFA-3 and HLA-A2 are coexpressed on the mouse cell surface, anti-LFA-3 MAb interfered with specific recognition and lysis of these target cells by human CTL capable of lysing HLA-A2-expressing mouse transfectants. A significant contribution of the LFA-3 molecule to CTL reactivity was not observed, however, because the presence of LFA-3 did not restore recognition by CTL clones previously found incapable of lysing HLA-A2-expressing mouse transfectants, nor was it required by those human CTL that could lyse mouse cell transfectants. Thus, we have used genetic techniques to demonstrate that LFA-3 may serve a role in CTL-target cell interactions at the target cell level, but is not a molecule absolutely required for human allospecific CTL recognition of HLA antigens expressed on mouse cells. We suggest that LFA-3 may not participate directly in CTL function under normal circumstances, but delivers a more general inhibitory signal only when provoked by bound MAb. MH - Animal ; Antigens, Surface/ANALYSIS/*GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Cell Communication ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Chromosome Mapping ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Human ; Hybrid Cells/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; HLA Antigens/ANALYSIS/GENETICS ; Mice ; Species Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*IMMUNOLOGY SO - J Immunol 1986 Apr 15;136(8):3085-91 27 UI - 86151706 AU - Kanki PJ ; Barin F ; M'Boup S ; Allan JS ; Romet-Lemonne JL ; Marlink R ; McLane MF ; Lee TH ; Arbeille B ; Denis F ; et al TI - New human T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-IIIAGM). AB - This report describes serologic evidence for a virus similar to that known as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III of African Green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM) infecting apparently healthy people in Senegal, West Africa, and the isolation of virus from these individuals. Serum samples from selected healthy West African people showed unusual serologic profiles when tested with antigens of HTLV-III/LAV, the etiologic agent of AIDS, and of STLV-IIIAGM. The samples reacted strongly with all of the major viral antigens of STLV-IIIAGM but showed variable or no reactivity with the major viral antigens of HTLV-III/LAV by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A new human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV-IV) isolated from these people was grown in vitro and shown to have retroviral type particles, growth characteristics, and major viral proteins similar to those of the STLV-III and HTLV-III/LAV group of retroviruses. The gp120/160, gp32, p64, p55, p53, p24, and p15 proteins precipitated were the same size as and reactive with STLV-IIIAGM proteins. The serologic data suggest that this virus shares more common epitopes with STLV-IIIAGM than with the prototype HTLV-III/LAV that infects people in the United States and Europe. Further study of this virus and of the origin of the HTLV-III/LAV group of viruses may expand our understanding of the human AIDS virus. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/MICROBIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION ; Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY ; Antigens, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cercopithecus aethiops/MICROBIOLOGY ; Cross Reactions ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/IMMUNOLOGY/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retroviridae/IMMUNOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/ ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Retrovirus Infections/IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY ; Senegal ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/ MICROBIOLOGY ; United States SO - Science 1986 Apr 11;232(4747):238-43 28 UI - 86140757 AU - Letvin NL ; Goldmacher VS ; Ritz J ; Yetz JM ; Schlossman SF ; Lambert JM TI - In vivo administration of lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies in nonhuman primates. In vivo stability of disulfide-linked immunotoxin conjugates. AB - The stability in vivo and circulatory clearance of immunotoxins were assessed in rhesus monkeys. The immunotoxins studied were T cell-specific monoclonal anti-T11 antibodies conjugated by disulfide linkage to ribosome-inactivating toxins. Intact immunotoxin was detectable in the circulation of the monkeys following a single intravenous infusion. This was demonstrated by quantitative flow-cytometric analysis, gel-filtration, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. This intact conjugate was shown to be functional in the plasma of the infused animals in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay. However, a number of factors contributed to bring the level of circulating immunotoxin to a less than optimal level. When conjugated to a ribosome-inactivating toxin, the antibody was cleared more rapidly than was the native antibody. Furthermore, following infusion, some breakdown of the conjugate occurred, resulting in the generation of detectable levels of circulating free antibody. The present data indicate the feasibility of using immunotoxins as therapeutic tools in man. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/METABOLISM ; Antigens, Surface/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Disulfides ; Lymphocyte Transformation/ DRUG EFFECTS ; Macaca mulatta ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Plant Proteins/ *ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE ; Ribosomes/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Solubility ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/ *IMMUNOLOGY SO - J Clin Invest 1986 Mar;77(3):977-84 29 UI - 86113391 AU - Yang H ; Welsh RM TI - Induction of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells by acute virus infection of mice. AB - Alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) distinct from virus-specific CTL and activated natural killer (NK) cells were generated during acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of C57BL/6J mice. The alloreactive CTL shared similar antigenic markers (Thy-1.2+, Lyt-2.2+, and asialo GM1-) with the virus-specific CTL that appeared at the same time 7 days postinfection, but had different target specificities. These alloreactive CTL lysed allogeneic but not syngeneic or xenogeneic targets. These were distinct from activated NK cells, which lysed all target cell types, peaked 3 days postinfection, and had a phenotype of asialo GM1+, Thy-1 +/-, Lyt-2.2-. Cold target competition studies indicated that there were several subsets of alloreactive T cells with distinct specificities, and that these alloreactive T cells were not subsets of the virus-specific T cells. Similar types of alloreactive CTL were induced at much lower levels in C3H/St mice. This may indicate that the generation of this "aberrant: T cell activity is under genetic control. Hence, the LCMV infection of C57BL/6J mice induces several cytotoxic effector populations including alloreactive CTL, activated NK cells, and virus-specific CTL. Virus infections therefore have the ability not only to polyclonally stimulate B cells, as previously described, but also to stimulate CTL. MH - Acute Disease ; Animal ; Antigenic Determinants ; Cell Separation ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Flow Cytometry ; Hamsters ; Human ; Killer Cells, Natural/IMMUNOLOGY ; Kinetics ; *Lymphocyte Transformation ; Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Species Specificity ; Spleen/CYTOLOGY ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/CLASSIFICATION/ *IMMUNOLOGY SO - J Immunol 1986 Feb 15;136(4):1186-93 30 UI - 86089281 AU - Hutt-Fletcher LM ; Balachandran N ; LeBlanc PA TI - Modification of Epstein-Barr virus replication by tunicamycin. AB - The effect of tunicamycin, which inhibits N-linked glycosylation, on the replication of Epstein-Barr virus was examined. Tunicamycin markedly reduced the yield of virus from producing cells. At concentrations of 1 to 2 micrograms of tunicamycin per ml, there was a buildup of intracellular virus in P3HR1-Cl13 cells but not in MCUV5 cells; at a concentration of 5 micrograms of tunicamycin per ml in P3HR1-Cl13 cells, viral DNA synthesis was inhibited as well. Viral glycoproteins lacking N-linked sugars were apparently inserted into the cell membrane, and the small amount of virus made in the presence of drug was able to bind specifically to its receptor on B cells. However, the ability of the virus to induce immunoglobulin secretion by fresh human lymphocytes was impaired. This implies a role for viral glycoproteins in the penetration as well as the attachment of virus. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Callithricidae ; Cell Line ; DNA Replication/DRUG EFFECTS ; Epstein-Barr Virus/*DRUG EFFECTS/IMMUNOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY ; Glucosamine/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES ; Glycoproteins/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Human ; Lymphocytes/ MICROBIOLOGY ; Membrane Proteins/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Oligosaccharides/ METABOLISM ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/DRUG EFFECTS ; Receptors, Virus/METABOLISM ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Tunicamycin/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Viral Proteins/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Virus Replication/*DRUG EFFECTS SO - J Virol 1986 Jan;57(1):117-23 1 UI - 86259775 AU - Fultz PN ; McClure HM ; Anderson DC ; Swenson RB ; Anand R ; Srinivasan A TI - Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from naturally infected sooty mangabey monkeys (Cercocebus atys). AB - Healthy mangabey monkeys in a colony at the Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center were found to be infected with a retrovirus related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Virus was isolated from peripheral blood cells of 14 of 15 randomly selected mangabeys. All virus-positive animals had antibodies to the mangabey virus at the time of virus isolation and, in a retrospective study, 82% of mangabey serum samples obtained in 1981 had antibodies to the virus. The newly isolated retrovirus is (i) morphologically identical to HIV by electron microscopy; (ii) serologically related to the human virus by enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting experiments, radioimmunoprecipitation, and neutralization; and (iii) cytopathic for human OKT4+ cells. The mangabey virus also shares these properties with the simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III) recently isolated from diseased macaques and from healthy African green monkeys (STLV-IIIAGM). However, the mangabey virus, like STLV-IIIAGM, differs from both HIV and STLV-III in that it apparently does not cause clinical immunodeficiency or disease following natural infection of the host from which it was isolated. Comparison of the virus-host interactions of these isolates may be valuable in defining determinants of pathogenicity for cytopathic retroviruses. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/IMMUNOLOGY ; Cercopithecidae/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Cross Reactions ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/CLASSIFICATION/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION ; Macaca mulatta ; Monkey Diseases/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Neutralization Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Retroviridae/IMMUNOLOGY/ *ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/PATHOGENICITY/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Retrovirus Infections/MICROBIOLOGY/*VETERINARY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Virus Cultivation SO - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1986 Jul;83(14):5286-90 2 UI - 86255407 AU - Chalifoux LV ; King NW ; Daniel MD ; Kannagi M ; Desrosiers RC ; Sehgal PK ; Waldron LM ; Hunt RD ; Letvin NL TI - Lymphoproliferative syndrome in an immunodeficient rhesus monkey naturally infected with an HTLV-III-like virus (STLV-III). AB - A rhesus monkey with a naturally acquired STLV-III infection developed immunosuppression and a lymphoproliferative syndrome characterized by progressive lymphadenopathy and widespread visceral mononuclear cell infiltration. On microscopic examination, diffuse sheets of plasmacytoid lymphoblasts obliterated the sinuses and follicles of the nodes, replaced normal cellular elements of the spleen, bone marrow, and thymus, and infiltrated the lung, liver, kidney, salivary gland, pancreas, thyroid, stomach, and tongue. Immunohistologic studies indicated that the predominant cell in these infiltrates was a B lymphocyte, of oligo- or polyclonal origin. Similar but less extreme lymphoproliferative abnormalities were seen at necropsy in a substantial number of other animals with naturally occurring macaque immunodeficiency syndrome. The present case represents the first prospectively studied monkey with a naturally acquired simian T lymphotropic virus type III infection and illustrates an important manifestation of disease associated with such an infection. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/MICROBIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/VETERINARY ; Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/DIAGNOSTIC USE ; Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION ; Lymph Nodes/ ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/*VETERINARY ; Macaca/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Macaca mulatta/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Monkey Diseases/IMMUNOLOGY/*MICROBIOLOGY/ PATHOLOGY ; Retrovirus Infections/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/*VETERINARY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - Lab Invest 1986 Jul;55(1):43-50 3 UI - 86255077 AU - Baskin GB ; Martin LN ; Rangan SR ; Gormus BJ ; Murphey-Corb M ; Wolf RH ; Soike KF TI - Transmissible lymphoma and simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in rhesus monkeys. AB - Four rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were inoculated with a homogenate of a cutaneous lepromatous leprosy lesion from a mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys). One died of B-cell lymphoma, and another died of an immunodeficiency syndrome. Cell suspensions prepared from the tumor and spleen of the monkey with lymphoma induced lymphoma or an immunodeficiency syndrome when inoculated into additional young rhesus monkeys. The immunodeficiency syndrome was similar to simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and consisted of opportunistic infections, lymphoid hyperplasia or atrophy, wasting, and syncytial cell formation. Mitogen responses and percentages of T4- and T8-positive lymphocytes were normal until the animals were moribund. Lymphoblastoid cell lines became established in vitro from tumor cell suspensions. These cells were infected with a herpesvirus related to Epstein-Barr virus. In addition, a retrovirus morphologically similar to human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type III (HTLV-III) and simian T-lymphotrophic virus type III (STLV-III) was isolated from one of the lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL). Type D retroviruses could not be demonstrated in the monkeys in the transmission study; however, a retrovirus similar to that in the LCL was isolated from 4 animals by coculture of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the human cell line H9. These results suggest that this retrovirus, STLV-III/Delta, may be associated with the immunodeficiency syndrome in these macaques and may be of mangabey origin. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/MICROBIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION ; Animal ; Anthropoidea/MICROBIOLOGY ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Epstein-Barr Virus/GENETICS ; Female ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/IMMUNOLOGY ; Lymphocytes/CLASSIFICATION ; Lymphoma/IMMUNOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; Retrovirus Infections/TRANSMISSION ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Tumor Virus Infections/*TRANSMISSION ; Virion/ ULTRASTRUCTURE SO - JNCI 1986 Jul;77(1):127-39 4 UI - 86230867 AU - Murphey-Corb M ; Martin LN ; Rangan SR ; Baskin GB ; Gormus BJ ; Wolf RH ; Andes WA ; West M ; Montelaro RC TI - Isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus from macaques with simian AIDS and its possible origin in asymptomatic mangabeys. AB - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become a worldwide epidemic, so the development of vaccines and antiviral agents effective against the causative agent, human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), is vital. This work would be greatly simplified if a suitable animal model could be developed. Here we report the isolation of an HTLV-III-related retrovirus, STLV-III/Delta, from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) with transmissible simian AIDS (SAIDS) and from asymptomatic sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys). SAIDS was initially diagnosed in several macaques previously inoculated with tissue homogenates of mangabey origin. Western blot analysis of both the mangabey and macaque sera demonstrated the presence of antibody cross-reactive primarily with the HTLV-III proteins p24 and p61. In a related experiment, analysis of these same sera revealed simian antibody to STLV-III/Delta proteins similar, but not identical, to those of HTLV-III with estimated relative molecular masses (Mrs) of 16,000 (16K), 26K, 35K, 45K, 60K and 110K. Infection of the mangabey, an African primate, with an HTLV-III-related virus may provide a clue to the origin of HTLV-III in humans. The apparent difference in susceptibility to SAIDS-like disease between infected macaques and mangabeys suggests that these species may respond differently to STLV-III infection. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*MICROBIOLOGY ; Animal ; Antibodies, Viral/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecidae ; Cross Reactions ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Human ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Macaca mulatta ; Microscopy, Electron ; Molecular Weight ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; T Lymphocytes SO - Nature 1986 May 22-28;321(6068):435-7 5 UI - 86187790 AU - Th:ommes P ; Reiter T ; Knippers R TI - Synthesis of DNA polymerase alpha analyzed by immunoprecipitation from synchronously proliferating cells. AB - Synchronously proliferating TC7 monkey and 3T3 mouse cells were pulse labeled with [35S]methionine. Radioactively labeled DNA polymerase alpha was immunoprecipitated with polymerase-specific monoclonal antibodies. The precipitated polypeptides were identified by gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The increase in DNA polymerase alpha activity during S phase was accompanied by an increased synthesis of the enzyme. Some DNA polymerase alpha was synthesized in growth-arrested TC7 cells whereas the synthesis of the large polymerase subunit in 3T3 cells was strictly coupled to the replicative phase of the cell cycle. We also found that DNA polymerase alpha was more prone to proteolysis in TC7 cells than in 3T3 cells. In 3T3 cells, a polymerase subunit with an apparent molecular weight of 186 000 was observed; this subunit was most probably associated with two smaller subunits of Mr 74 000 and 52 000. Synthesis of these three polymerase-associated polypeptides appeared to be regulated differently. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Culture Media ; DNA Polymerase II/*BIOSYNTHESIS/METABOLISM ; Hamsters ; Hela Cells/ENZYMOLOGY ; Human ; Kidney ; Kinetics ; L Cells/ENZYMOLOGY ; Liver/ENZYMOLOGY ; Lymphocytes/ENZYMOLOGY ; Mice ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Biochemistry 1986 Mar 25;25(6):1308-14 6 UI - 86177073 AU - DeLisi LE ; Crow TJ TI - Is schizophrenia a viral or immunologic disorder? AB - The literature that schizophrenia may be a viral or immunologic disorder is reviewed. Although these hypotheses were formulated more than half a century ago, researchers have failed to establish clear evidence for their support. Nevertheless, epidemiologic issues addressed in this article provide impetus for further pursuit of research in this area. MH - Animal ; Autoimmune Diseases/COMPLICATIONS ; Callithricidae ; Encephalitis, Epidemic/COMPLICATIONS ; Human ; IgG/ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Immunoglobulins/BLOOD ; Immunologic Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS ; Killer Cells, Natural/METABOLISM ; Lymphocytes/PHYSIOLOGY ; Review ; Schizophrenia/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY ; Seasons ; Virus Diseases/ *COMPLICATIONS SO - Psychiatr Clin North Am 1986 Mar;9(1):115-32 7 UI - 86141857 AU - Rearden A TI - Evolution of glycophorin A in the hominoid primates studied with monoclonal antibodies, and description of a sialoglycoprotein analogous to human glycophorin B in chimpanzee. AB - Comparison of human and primate erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins showed that common chimpanzee, dwarf chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and gibbon have major periodic acid Schiff-positive proteins resembling human glycophorin A (GPA) monomer and dimer in electrophoretic mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Immunoperoxidase staining of Western blots with monoclonal antibodies to human GPA showed that these primate bands express some GPA antigenic determinants. A new sialoglycoprotein analogous to human glycophorin B (GPB) was detected in common chimpanzee. Although human MN blood group phenotype results from an amino acid polymorphism of GPA, Western blots showed that in chimpanzee sialoglycoprotein (GPAch) always expresses the M blood group, whereas chimpanzee sialoglycoprotein (GPBch) expresses either the N blood group or a null phenotype. This result explains the detection of M and MN, but not of N, blood group phenotypes in chimpanzee. GPBch has higher apparent m.w. than human GPB, is present in the erythrocyte membrane in greater quantity than human GPB, and contains trypsin cleavage site(s) and the 10F7 determinant (both found on human GPA but not GPB). Expression of human GPA antigenic determinants was consistent with the phylogeny of the hominoid primates; common and dwarf chimpanzee expressed most of the determinants tested, gorilla and orangutan an intermediate number, and gibbon and siamang the least. Of the GPA antigenic determinants examined, the MN blood group determinants were most consistently expressed during evolution of the hominoid primates. The results suggested that variability in expression of GPA antigenic determinants between species was due to both differences in amino acid sequence and glycosylation. MH - Adult ; Animal ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Aotus trivirgatus ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Chimpansee troglodytes/*BLOOD ; Collodion ; Comparative Study ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Erythrocyte Membrane/ANALYSIS ; *Evolution ; Glycophorin/*ANALYSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Gorilla gorilla ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Human ; Hylobates ; Membrane Proteins/ANALYSIS ; Paper ; Pongo pygmaeus ; Sialoglycoproteins/*ANALYSIS ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Trypsin SO - J Immunol 1986 Apr 1;136(7):2504-9 1 UI - 87036802 AU - Gould SA ; Rosen AL ; Sehgal LR ; Sehgal HL ; Moss GS TI - Polymerized pyridoxylated hemoglobin: efficacy as an O2 carrier. AB - We have prepared a polymerized pyridoxylated hemoglobin solution (Poly SFH-P) with a normal [Hb] of 14 gm/dl and a normal COP of 20 torr. Although this normal [Hb] is a significant improvement over prior products, the P50 of 16-20 torr raises a concern about the ability of Poly SFH-P to effectively transport O2 in the presence of red cells with their normal P50 of 26 torr. This study quantitatively assessed the contribution of Poly SFH-P to total O2 delivery and consumption in the clinically relevant range of hematocrits. The results document that Poly SFH-P supports life at zero hematocrit, and makes significant contributions to total O2 delivery and consumption in the presence of red cells. Poly SFH-P permits a higher plasma [Hb], and has a longer intravascular persistence than any unpolymerized hemoglobin solution. Poly SFH-P is thus an effective O2 carrier, and offers greater potential than prior products as a clinically useful red cell substitute. MH - Animal ; Blood Substitutes/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Oxygen Consumption ; Oxygen ; Papio ; Partial Pressure ; Polymers ; Pyridoxal Phosphate/ *ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES/THERAPEUTIC USE SO - J Trauma 1986 Oct;26(10):903-8 2 UI - 86191337 AU - Chernow B ; Lake CR ; Teich S ; Mougey EH ; Meyerhoff J ; Casey LC ; Fletcher JR TI - Hemorrhagic hypotension increases plasma beta-endorphin concentrations in the nonhuman primate. AB - The role which beta-endorphin plays in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic hypotension is controversial. In the present experiment, 20 ml/kg of blood was bled from ten healthy male baboons (Papio anubis) over 60 min and then retransfused over the next 30 min. We found that the mean plasma beta-endorphin level increased 109% above baseline (p less than .05) within 15 min after starting hemorrhage, and rapidly returned to a baseline concentration with retransfusion. We conclude that in a primate species, circulating endogenous opioid peptide concentrations increase rapidly in response to sublethal hemorrhagic hypotension and normalize with restoration of the baseline intravascular volume. These findings support the concept that endogenous opioid peptides may mediate the hypotension of shock states. MH - Animal ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; Blood Volume ; Endorphins/*BLOOD ; Hemorrhage/*BLOOD/COMPLICATIONS ; Hypotension/*BLOOD/ETIOLOGY ; Male ; Papio/*BLOOD ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. SO - Crit Care Med 1986 May;14(5):505-7 3 UI - 86180958 AU - Jonker M ; Nooij FJ ; van Suylichem P ; Neuhaus P ; Goldstein G TI - The influence of OKT8F treatment on allograft survival in rhesus monkeys. AB - The immunosuppressive effect of a monoclonal antibody specific for the cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (CD8) was investigated in rhesus monkeys. This antibody (OKT8F) removed the CD8-positive T cells from the circulation and prolonged skin allograft survival. Since most patients awaiting a kidney allograft are transfused prior to transplantation, the immunosuppressive potency of OKT8F was subsequently investigated in transfused recipients. No significant prolongation of the mean survival time was observed when OKT8F was given prophylactically. However, no early rejections were observed, while 30% of the control animals rejected their kidneys within 2 weeks. This might indicate that OKT8F prevents early rejection of a kidney allograft in transfused recipients. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Antigens, Surface/ *IMMUNOLOGY ; Blood Transfusion ; Female ; *Graft Survival ; Immunosuppression ; Kidney/TRANSPLANTATION ; Lymphocytes/CLASSIFICATION ; Macaca mulatta ; Male ; Skin/TRANSPLANTATION ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Transplantation 1986 Apr;41(4):431-5 4 UI - 86171717 AU - Fomufod AK ; Castro O ; Slaughter LJ ; Cothran LN ; Hayes NR ; Africano E TI - Massive sequestration of human sickle cells after transfusion to a baboon. AB - A baboon was exchange-transfused with sickle cell anemia patients' blood. The animal died suddenly, and postmortem examination showed widespread red cell sequestration, particularly in the spleen and liver. The clinical and pathological findings were similar to those in children with sickle cell anemia who die of acute splenic sequestration syndrome. A control animal, exchange-transfused with normal human blood, tolerated the procedure without difficulties for a period of 4 days, when a delayed transfusion reaction occurred. Thus the baboon can be used as a model for the abnormal circulatory behavior of sickle cells and for the sickle cell sequestration syndrome. MH - Anemia, Sickle Cell/*BLOOD ; Animal ; Erythrocytes/PHYSIOLOGY ; *Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood ; Human ; Papio/*PHYSIOLOGY ; Sickle Cell Trait/ *BLOOD/PATHOLOGY ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - J Med Primatol 1986;15(2):71-9