==================================CMR36==================================
36.  A literature search on dietary sodium intake requirements and
     sodium losses at high ambient temperatures under conditions of 
     hard physical work/physical exertion. Literature without the 
     hard physical work/physical exertion factor would also be of value.
1
UI  - 86197027
AU  - Schneider PL ; Beede DK ; Wilcox CJ
TI  - Responses of lactating cows to dietary sodium source and quantity
      and potassium quantity during heat stress.
AB  - Effects of heat stress and added dietary sodium bicarbonate (0 or
      1.0% of dry matter), sodium chloride (0 or .73% of dry matter),
      and total dietary potassium (1.3 or 1.8% of dry matter) on
      acid-base status, production, and mineral metabolism of lactating
      Holstein cows were evaluated. Design was split-plot with 24 cows
      in shade or no shade environments; dietary treatments were
      arranged as a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial within each environment. Basal
      diet (38% corn silage:62% concentrate) contained .18% sodium;
      sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride treatments were in
      addition. All dietary treatments were equal in chloride content.
      Cows in no shade exhibited signs of respiratory alkalosis during
      the hot part of the day. Daily feed intake was lower in no shade
      than shade but milk yield and percent milk fat were not affected
      by environment. Sodium bicarbonate addition increased actual and
      4% fat-corrected milk yields and percent milk fat. Sodium
      chloride addition increased actual and 4% fat-corrected milk
      yield when adjusted for amount of feed intake, and 1.8% dietary
      potassium increased feed intake and actual milk yield. Increasing
      total dietary sodium from .18 to .55%, from either supplemental
      source, enhanced 4% fat-corrected milk production, but
      combination of sources (.88% total sodium) showed no additional
      benefit over .55%.
MH  - Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Animal ; Bicarbonates/PHARMACODYNAMICS ;
      Cattle ; *Diet ; Female ; Heat ; Lactation/*DRUG EFFECTS ;
      Potassium/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Pregnancy ; Sodium/
      *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Sodium Chloride/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Stress/
      *PHYSIOPATHOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
SO  - J Dairy Sci 1986 Jan;69(1):99-110
2
UI  - 86255086
AU  - Morotomi M ; Mutai M
TI  - In vitro binding of potent mutagenic pyrolysates to intestinal
      bacteria.
AB  - The ability of 22 strains of intestinal bacteria to bind the
      mutagenic
      pyrolyzates--3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4,3-b]indole
      [(Trp-P-1) CAS: 62450-06-0], 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido
      [4,3-b]indole [(Trp-P-2) CAS: 62450-07-1],
      2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole [(Glu-P-1) CAS:
      67730-11-4], 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole [(Glu-P-2)
      CAS: 67730-10-3], 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline [(IQ)
      CAS: 76180-96-6], 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline
      [(MeIQ) CAS: 77094-11-2], and
      2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline [(MeIQx) CAS:
      77500-04-0]--was investigated and compared to their ability to
      bind to some dietary fibers (corn bran, apple pulp, soy bean
      fiber, cellulose, chitin, and chitosan). The pyrolyzates are
      potent mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed
      during cooking. Solution of these amines was mixed with aqueous
      suspension of bacterial cells or dietary fibers, and removal of
      these amines from the reaction mixture by centrifugation was
      defined as the binding. Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 were effectively
      bound to all gram-positive and some gram-negative bacterial
      cells, corn bran, apple pulp, and soy bean fiber. Binding of
      Trp-P-1 and Trp-P-2 to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
      and cellulose was moderate, and to chitin and chitosan it was
      little. None but corn bran bound Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2 effectively.
      Corn bran effectively bound all mutagens tested. The quantity of
      the binding of IQ, MeIQ, and MeIQx was dependent on the strain of
      bacteria and the kind of fiber. The mechanism of binding of
      Trp-P-2 to freeze-dried feces, Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018
      (LC9018), and corn bran was investigated. The binding was pH
      dependent, occurred instantaneously, and was inhibited by the
      addition of metal salts. These results indicate that the binding
      was mostly due to a cation-exchange mechanism, but some
      irreversible binding of Trp-P-2 was observed, most notably to
      freeze-dried feces. The mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 for Salmonella
      typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 mix was inhibited by the
      addition of LC9018 or corn bran to the reaction mixture. The
      results indicate that bound Trp-P-2 did not cause mutation under
      the assay conditions.
MH  - Bacteria/*METABOLISM ; Calcium Chloride ; Carbolines/*METABOLISM/
      PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ;
      Comparative Study ; Dietary Fiber/METABOLISM ; Feces/ANALYSIS ;
      Freeze Drying ; Heat ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intestines/
      *MICROBIOLOGY ; Kinetics ; Mutagens/*METABOLISM ; Sodium Chloride
SO  - JNCI 1986 Jul;77(1):195-201
3
UI  - 86205649
AU  - Latorre JR ; Harris GC Jr ; Nelson TS ; Sexton KJ
TI  - Effects of adding acid or base to the diet on semen of
      heat-stressed, aging broiler breeder males.
AB  - Males were fed breeder basal diet, basal diet + .67 g NaHCO3, +
      .43 g NH4Cl, or + .86 g NH4Cl/100 g basal and exposed to diurnal
      cyclic temperatures of 23.9 to 35 C in chambers from 24 to 54
      weeks of age. Males fed basal diet + NaHCO3 or .43 g NH4Cl were
      significantly heavier in body weight by 32 to 39 weeks of age
      than males on basal diet. Males fed the NaHCO3 diet produced
      significantly more semen in the first 16 weeks than males on
      basal diet. No differences were found in percent packed sperm
      value (PSV), percent dead sperm, or percent abnormal sperm
      between semen of males fed NaHCO3 diet and basal diet.
      Spermatozoal motility was significantly higher for semen of males
      fed NaHCO3 or NH4Cl diets during the 32- to 39-week age period.
MH  - Age Factors ; Ammonium Chloride/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Animal ;
      Bicarbonates/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Chickens/*PHYSIOLOGY ;
      Comparative Study ; *Diet ; Heat/ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Hydrogen-Ion
      Concentration ; Male ; Semen/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Sodium/
      *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Sperm Motility/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Stress/
      ETIOLOGY/VETERINARY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
SO  - Poult Sci 1986 Mar;65(3):589-91