==================================CMR28================================== 28. Non-viral etiology of multiple sclerosis; that is, multiple sclerosis due to protozoa, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, etc. 1 UI - 87089184 AU - Kurtz SK TI - Relapsing fever/Lyme disease. Multiple sclerosis. AB - Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever caused by Borrelia burdorferi and Borrelia hermsii, respectively, have been generally considered curable if diagnosed early. However, it is becoming apparent that when these diseases are left undiagnosed and untreated they may cause severe problems for some people. They, in fact, may be one of the major causes of Multiple Sclerosis. These two Borrelia infections, when left untreated, are now known to be capable of causing neurological problems, cardiac problems, relapses as much as ten years later, increased IgG/albumin ratio and increased lymphocytes. These same things hold true for Multiple Sclerosis patients. This paper discusses the Borrelia spirochetes which cause Lyme Disease and Relapsing Fever and what correlation that may have with Multiple Sclerosis. MH - Dietary Fats/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE ; Human ; Insect Vectors ; Lyme Disease/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Multiple Sclerosis/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/OCCURRENCE ; Relapsing Fever/ *COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY ; Ticks SO - Med Hypotheses 1986 Nov;21(3):335-43 2 UI - 87073073 AU - Edwards MK ; Farlow MR ; Stevens JC TI - Cranial MR in spinal cord MS: diagnosing patients with isolated spinal cord symptoms. AB - MR brain scans, spinal fluid electrophoresis, and evoked responses were obtained in 10 adult patients with isolated spinal cord symptoms diagnosed as possible multiple sclerosis (MS) according to the McAlpine criteria. Typical lesions of MS were found on T2-weighted MR images in six patients. Spinal fluid abnormalities were found in four. Visual-evoked responses or brainstem auditory-evoked responses were abnormal in three. MR in conjunction with spinal fluid analysis supported the diagnosis of MS in eight of 10 patients. Evoked responses appeared less sensitive than MR in identifying subclinical lesions in this population. MH - Adult ; Brain/*PATHOLOGY ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/ANALYSIS/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; IgG/ANALYSIS ; Middle Age ; Multiple Sclerosis/*DIAGNOSIS ; *Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ; Paresis/ ETIOLOGY SO - AJNR 1986 Nov-Dec;7(6):1003-5 3 UI - 86319202 AU - Aasjord P ; Nyland H ; Haaheim LR TI - Intrathecal synthesis of antibodies to staphylococcal antigens in multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Human serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies against three staphylococcal antigens were measured using the ELISA technique. Antibody levels in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were lower than those found in sera from patients with other neurological diseases (OND) and from healthy individuals (N). The CSF antibody mean titres for patients with relapsing remittent MS were about twofold higher than those found for the other groups. Both serum and CSF antibodies were of the IgG class while IgM could only be detected in serum samples. Elevated IgG-indexes, indicating intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, were found only among individuals in the MS patient groups. Some of the patients also had elevated indexes of specific antibodies to the staphylococcal antigens used, i.e. lipoteichoic acid (LTA), peptidoglycan (PG) and beta-ribitol teichoic acid (beta-RTA). This indicates that some MS patients have synthesized staphylococcal antibodies intrathecally. MH - Adult ; Antibodies, Bacterial/*IMMUNOLOGY ; *Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Bacterial/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Human ; IgG/ANALYSIS ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/ CEREBROSPINAL FLUID/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Serum Albumin/ANALYSIS ; Staphylococcus/*IMMUNOLOGY SO - Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [C] 1986 Jun;94(3):97-103 4 UI - 86255967 AU - Gay D ; Dick G TI - Is multiple sclerosis caused by an oral spirochaete? AB - Evidence of a direct link between chronic sinusitis and multiple sclerosis (MS) prompted examination of the old "spirochaetal hypothesis:. This hypothesis has not been shown to be erroneous and a spirochaetal infection of the central nervous system could explain the specific pathological, immunological, and epidemiological features of MS. MH - Acute Disease ; Arsenicals/THERAPEUTIC USE ; Central Nervous System/MICROBIOLOGY ; Chronic Disease ; Human ; Mouth/ *MICROBIOLOGY ; Multiple Sclerosis/DRUG THERAPY/*ETIOLOGY ; Sinusitis/COMPLICATIONS ; Sphenoid Sinus/MICROBIOLOGY ; Spirochaetales Infections/*COMPLICATIONS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Lancet 1986 Jul 12;2(8498):75-7 5 UI - 86202987 AU - Murrell TG ; O'Donoghue PJ ; Ellis T TI - A review of the sheep-multiple sclerosis connection. AB - This paper reviews a notion that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high in global areas where sheep populations are concentrated. Pilot studies are reported to serum antibodies in humans to three sheep diseases; focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (FSE), maedi visna and sarcocystis. In MS patients and controls antibodies were not found to the epsilon neurotoxin of the FSE organism, Clostridium welchii type D and to a caprine retrovirus that is closely related to maedi-visna virus. However, 34% of MS and control patients had antibodies to the protozoan parasite Sarcocystis spp., tissue cysts of which contain a powerful neurotoxin, sarcocystin. It is suggested that epidemiological MS prevalence rates for country areas of southern Australia require further study along with an examination for the prevalence of MS in vegetarians. MH - Adult ; Aged ; Animal ; Antibodies/ANALYSIS ; Antibodies, Viral/ ANALYSIS ; Australia ; Bacterial Toxins/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Clostridium Infections/MICROBIOLOGY/*VETERINARY ; Clostridium Perfringens/METABOLISM ; Female ; *Food Contamination ; Goats/MICROBIOLOGY ; Human ; Male ; Meat/ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Middle Age ; Multiple Sclerosis/*ETIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/OCCURRENCE ; Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep/COMPLICATIONS/ MICROBIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION ; Retroviridae/IMMUNOLOGY ; Sarcosporidia/IMMUNOLOGY ; Sarcosporidiosis/PARASITOLOGY/ *VETERINARY ; Sheep/MICROBIOLOGY/PARASITOLOGY ; Sheep Diseases/ *TRANSMISSION ; Visna-Maedi Viruses/IMMUNOLOGY ; Zoonoses/ *COMPLICATIONS SO - Med Hypotheses 1986 Jan;19(1):27-39