==================================CMR21================================== 21. Vitamin C and renal failure. Vitamin C and immunity. 1 UI - 87121428 AU - Vernes AJ ; Haynes JD ; Tang DB ; Dutoit E ; Diggs CL TI - Decreased growth of Plasmodium falciparum in red cells containing haemoglobin E, a role for oxidative stress, and a sero-epidemiological correlation. AB - The in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum in red cells containing haemoglobin E (HbE) was studied at oxygen concentration of 5 to 20%, with and without antioxidants. Under all conditions, parasite growth decreased as the concentration of HbE increased as compared with growth in red cells containing only HbA. The decreases were proportionately greatest at the highest oxygen concentration. The antioxidant vitamin C partially reversed the decreases in growth observed in HbE-containing cells at 20% oxygen. South-east Asian refugees with HbAE or HbEE had high antimalarial IFA titres, indicative of exposure to malaria more frequently than did refugees with HbAA. The decreased growth of P. falciparum in HbE-containing red cells may reduce the severity of malaria infections, conferring a survival advantage and thus increasing the numbers of individuals with HbE in local areas of South-east Asia with high incidences of malaria. MH - Antibodies/ANALYSIS ; Ascorbic Acid/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Erythrocytes/*PARASITOLOGY ; Hemoglobin E/*BLOOD ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/*BLOOD ; Human ; Malaria/IMMUNOLOGY ; *Oxygen ; Plasmodium Falciparum/DRUG EFFECTS/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1986;80(4):642-8 2 UI - 87101538 AU - Lohmann W ; Schmehl W ; Holz D ; Everz M TI - The importance of SH-containing substances for red blood cells in acute myeloic leukemia. AB - Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of lyophilized erythrocytes obtained from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) show, in comparison to controls, a characteristic change especially in the low-field region of the spectrum concomitant with a reduction of the spin concentration. This effect can be simulated by addition of SH-containing substances (e.g. reduced glutathione or cysteine) to healthy erythrocytes. S-S containing compounds exhibit no effect. Since SH-containing substances can hardly permeate plasma membranes, the membrane surface seems to be defective in the case of "AML: erythrocytes. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the concentration of SH-containing substances, such as cysteine, is increased in the plasma of AML-patients, which could be confirmed by HPLC-measurements. In the case of a successful treatment of the patients with alexan, daunoblastin, and thioguanine the spin concentration increased again and the resulting ESR spectrum is very similar to the control spectrum. It should be pointed out, that the ascorbic acid concentration is very low in both plasma and erythrocytes of AML patients. MH - Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD ; Electron Spin Resonance ; Erythrocytes/ *ANALYSIS ; Glutathione/BLOOD ; Glycoproteins/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Human ; Leukemia, Lymphoblastic/BLOOD ; Leukemia, Myeloblastic/ *BLOOD ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*BLOOD ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Blut 1986 Dec;53(6):437-41 3 UI - 87100235 AU - Khanduja KL ; Koul A ; Koul IB ; Gupta MP TI - Effect of large doses of ascorbic acid on the hepatic and extra-hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in guinea pig. AB - Water solubility and non-toxic properties of ascorbic acid are taken as criteria for beneficial effects of large doses of the vitamin. In the present study, male guinea pigs, dosed daily with 15, 30 or 50 mg/100g body weight for 10 weeks, demonstrated no differences in effect on liver and lung weights, body growth and microsomal protein contents of liver and lung when compared with controls. When guinea pigs were fed excessive ascorbic acid, there was a small non-significant increase (p less than 0.05) in hepatic and pulmonary cytochrome P-450, and significant increase (p less than 0.05) in hepatic cytochrome b5 which was accompanied with a significant increase in arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the two organs. Activity of NADPH-dependent cytochrome c-reductase was decreased in liver and remained unaffected in lung and colon. Drug detoxifying enzymes responded in different ways to increased intake of ascorbic acid. Activity of UDP-glucuronyltransferase remained unchanged on feeding excessive ascorbic acid, whereas glutathione S-transferase was decreased significantly in liver and was unaltered in lung and colon. Reduced glutathione was decreased only in the lung. The observed changes in drug activating and detoxifying enzymes appear to be important from drug pharmacokinetics and carcinogenesis point of view. MH - Animal ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases/METABOLISM ; Ascorbic Acid/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Body Weight/DRUG EFFECTS ; Colon/DRUG EFFECTS/ *ENZYMOLOGY ; Comparative Study ; Cytochrome Reductases/ METABOLISM ; Cytochromes/METABOLISM ; Drugs/*METABOLISM ; Female ; Glutathione/METABOLISM ; Guinea Pigs ; Intestinal Mucosa/DRUG EFFECTS/ENZYMOLOGY ; Liver/DRUG EFFECTS/*ENZYMOLOGY ; Lung/DRUG EFFECTS/*ENZYMOLOGY ; Organ Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Biochem Int 1986 Oct;13(4):659-70 4 UI - 87089190 AU - Richardson J TI - Vitamin C and immunosuppression. AB - Large daily doses of vitamin C resulted in severe lymphocytopenia in stressed mice. A characteristic biochemical expression of stress is an abrupt increase in adrenal corticosteroids in blood plasma which is always preceeded by a release of vitamin C by the adrenals. It is hypothesized that large doses of vitamin C maintain high levels of plasma corticosteroids which inturn may reduce the organism's immune response when stress is present. MH - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/BLOOD ; Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/*ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Immune System/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Immunosuppression ; Lymphopenia/CHEMICALLY INDUCED ; Male ; Mice SO - Med Hypotheses 1986 Dec;21(4):383-5 5 UI - 87089182 AU - Cathcart RF 3d TI - The vitamin C treatment of allergy and the normally unprimed state of antibodies. AB - I previously described that bowel tolerance (the amount that almost causes diarrhea) to oral ascorbic acid, increases in a person somewhat proportionally to the "toxicity: of his disease. Ascorbic acid ameliorates symptoms and sometimes cures certain diseases at high threshold levels near bowel tolerance. High concentrations of ascorbate cause the redox potential of the redox couple (ascorbate/dehydroascorbate, AA/DHA) to become reducing in diseased tissues. Allergic and sensitivity reactions are frequently ameliorated and sometimes completely blocked by massive doses of ascorbate. I now hypothesize that one mechanism in blocking of allergic symptoms is the reducing of the disulfide bonds between the chains in antibody molecules making their bonding antigen impossible. I further hypothesize that antibodies seek to match antigens only in areas where stray free radicals or a relatively oxidizing redox potential exists. The redox state of normal, healthy tissue does not allow for the bonding of antibodies to antigen. When antioxidant, free radical scavenging systems are overwhelmed, inflammatory, hypersensitivity, and "autoimmune: conditions may result. MH - Animal ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Ascorbic Acid/ PHARMACODYNAMICS/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Autoimmune Diseases/ETIOLOGY ; B Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY ; Disulfides/METABOLISM ; Drug Hypersensitivity/DRUG THERAPY ; Evolution ; Food Hypersensitivity/ DRUG THERAPY ; Histamine H1 Receptor Blockaders/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Human ; Hypersensitivity/*DRUG THERAPY ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis Carinii/DRUG THERAPY ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/ANALYSIS SO - Med Hypotheses 1986 Nov;21(3):307-21 6 UI - 87085691 AU - Woolverton CJ ; Veltri RW ; Snyder IS TI - Stimulation of human PMNs in vitro by a succinimide molecular complex of methylfurylbutyrolactone. AB - The immunopotentiating effects on human neutrophils of a new synthetic immune biological response modifer were studied. The compound is a succinimide crystalline molecular complex of methylfurylbutyrolactone (MFBL). The MFBL succinimide (MFBL-S) derivative was tested for its in vitro effects on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions. At microgram quantities, MFBL-S stimulated a twofold increase in: directed migration of PMNs; adherence to nylon; and uptake of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. The MFBL-S enhanced phagocytosis by PMNs of S. epidermidis and E. coli. Additionally, intracellular killing of S. epidermidis by MFBL-S treated PMNs was significantly increased at all doses studied, whereas killing of E. coli was only significantly different from controls at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml. MH - Aldehydes/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ascorbic Acid/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Blood Bactericidal Activity/DRUG EFFECTS ; Cell Adhesion/DRUG EFFECTS ; Cell Survival/DRUG EFFECTS ; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/DRUG EFFECTS ; Escherichia Coli/IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; Lipopolysaccharides/IMMUNOLOGY ; Neutrophils/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Phagocytosis/DRUG EFFECTS ; Pyruvaldehyde/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Staphylococcus/IMMUNOLOGY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Biol Response Mod 1986 Dec;5(6):527-38 7 UI - 87061099 AU - Rietjens IM ; Poelen MC ; Hempenius RA ; Gijbels MJ ; Alink GM TI - Toxicity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide to alveolar macrophages: comparative study revealing differences in their mechanism of toxic action. AB - The toxicity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide is generally ascribed to their oxidative potential. In this study their toxic mechanism of action was compared using an intact cell model. Rat alveolar macrophages were exposed by means of gas diffusion through a Teflon film. In this in vitro system, ozone appeared to be 10 times more toxic than nitrogen dioxide. alpha-Tocopherol protected equally well against ozone and nitrogen dioxide. It was demonstrated that alpha-tocopherol provided its protection by its action as a radical scavenger and not by its stabilizing structural membrane effect, as (1) concentrations of alpha-tocopherol that already provided optimal protection against ozone and nitrogen dioxide did not influence the membrane fluidity of alveolar macrophages and (2) neither one of the structural alpha-tocopherol analogs tested (phytol and the methyl ether of alpha-tocopherol) could provide a protection against ozone or nitrogen dioxide comparable to the one provided by alpha-tocopherol. It was concluded that reactive intermediates scavenged by alpha-tocopherol are important in the toxic mechanism of both ozone and nitrogen dioxide induced cell damage. However, further results presented strongly confirmed that the kind of radicals and/or reactive intermediates, and thus the toxic reaction mechanism involved, must be different in ozone- and nitrogen dioxide-induced cell damage. This was concluded from the observations that showed that (1) vitamin C provided significantly better protection against nitrogen dioxide than against an equally toxic dose of ozone, (2) glutathione depletion affected the cellular sensitivity toward ozone to a significantly greater extent than the sensitivity towards nitrogen dioxide, and (3) the scavenging action of alpha-tocopherol was accompanied by a significantly greater reduction in its cellular level during nitrogen dioxide exposure than during exposure to ozone. One of the possibilities compatible with the results presented in this study might be that lipid (peroxyl) free radicals formed in a radical-mediated peroxidative pathway, resulting in a substantial breakdown of cellular alpha-tocopherol, are involved in nitrogen dioxide-induced cell damage, and that lipid ozonides, scavenged by alpha-tocopherol as well, are involved in ozone-induced cell damage. MH - Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Glutathione/METABOLISM ; Macrophages/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Membrane Fluidity/DRUG EFFECTS ; Nitrogen Dioxide/*TOXICITY ; Ozone/*TOXICITY ; Phagocytosis/DRUG EFFECTS ; Phytol/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Pulmonary Alveoli/DRUG EFFECTS ; Rats ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Vitamin E/METABOLISM/PHARMACODYNAMICS SO - J Toxicol Environ Health 1986;19(4):555-68 8 UI - 87058620 AU - Malo JL ; Cartier A ; Pineau L ; L'Archev:eque J ; Ghezzo H ; Martin RR TI - Lack of acute effects of ascorbic acid on spirometry and airway responsiveness to histamine in subjects with asthma. AB - Sixteen adult subjects with asthma in a clinical steady state were studied. On day 1, after baseline spirometry, they underwent four histamine inhalation tests with functional recovery between each test. The provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) was obtained after each test. On days 2, 3, and 4, after baseline spirometry, active and placebo ascorbic acid (2 gm) was administered orally, double-blind, according to a 4.3.1 two-treatment crossover study design. One hour later, spirometry was performed, and PC20 was reassessed. We found no significant changes in FEV1 and FVC after ascorbic acid as compared with placebo administration. There was no difference between PC20 on days 2, 3, and 4 and by standardizing for the four PC20 results obtained on day 1. We conclude that ascorbic acid has no acute bronchodilator effect and does not alter bronchial responsiveness to histamine in subjects with asthma. MH - Adult ; Airway Resistance/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Ascorbic Acid/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Asthma/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Histamine/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Human ; Lung Volume Measurements ; Male ; Middle Age ; Random Allocation ; *Respiratory Function Tests ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986 Dec;78(6):1153-8 9 UI - 87057113 AU - Moriya Y ; Goto M ; Nakamura T ; Koyama J TI - Hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes with the cell membrane of liquid paraffin-induced guinea pig macrophages. AB - As reported previously, the lysate of liquid paraffin-induced guinea pig peritoneal macrophages contains a hemolytic factor which is composed of two components: the soluble (S) and membrane-bound (M) components. To investigate the mechanism whereby the factor hemolysis sheep erythrocytes, an attempt was made to identify the S and M components. The fractionation of the cytosol of macrophages by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and the failure of the lysate from L-ascorbate-depleted macrophages to lyse erythrocytes demonstrated that the S component was L-ascorbate. In addition, L-ascorbate was found to be replaced by NADPH, a substrate of the membrane-bound NADPH oxidase, showing that L-ascorbate acts as a donor of active oxygen. When L-ascorbate was combined with the phospholipids isolated from the membrane fraction by extraction with chloroform-methanol and thin layer chromatography, it became able to lyse erythrocytes. The results so far obtained indicate that the hemolysis by the macrophage lysate is dependent on the formation of peroxidized phospholipids in the membrane fraction with certain active oxygen species produced either from L-ascorbate or by the NADPH oxidase. MH - Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/ANALYSIS/*METABOLISM ; Cell Membrane/ ANALYSIS/METABOLISM ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cytosol/ ANALYSIS ; Erythrocytes/*METABOLISM ; Guinea Pigs ; *Hemolysis ; Macrophages/ANALYSIS/*METABOLISM ; Membrane Lipids/*METABOLISM ; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/METABOLISM ; NADP/METABOLISM ; Paraffin ; Phospholipids/ANALYSIS/*METABOLISM ; Sheep ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Biochem (Tokyo) 1986 Sep;100(3):521-9 10 UI - 87051105 AU - Costamagna L ; Rosi I ; Garuccio I ; Arrigoni O TI - Ascorbic acid specific utilization by some yeasts. AB - One hundred and eighty strains of yeasts belonging to 17 genus and 53 species were screened for their ability to grow on ascorbic acid and iso-ascorbic acid as the sole carbon source. Most of the tested strains (157) were unable to grow on either compound. Strains of seven species of the genus Cryptococcus, of two Candida species, of Filobasidiella neoformans, Trichosporon cutaneum, Lipomyces starkeyi, Hansenula capsulata, and one strain of Aureobasidium pullulans were able to grow on ascorbic as well as on iso-ascorbic acid. Conversely, four strains of Aureobasidium pullulans, Candida blankii, and Cryptococcus dimennae could use only ascorbic acid for growth. MH - Ascorbic Acid/*METABOLISM ; Comparative Study ; Species Specificity ; Yeasts/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/METABOLISM SO - Can J Microbiol 1986 Sep;32(9):756-8 11 UI - 87035688 AU - Veltri RW ; Fodor G ; Liu CM ; Woolverton CJ ; Baseler MW TI - A new class of synthetic biological response modifiers: the methylfurylbutyrolactones (Nafocare B). AB - A new class of synthetic biological response modifiers (BRMs) has been produced by combining a highly electrophilic reactant, 2-methyl-2, 5-dihydrofuran (a cyclic acetal of cis-3-acetyl acrolein), with L-ascorbic acid. The parent class of compounds can be referred to as methylfurylbutyrolactones (MFBL), previously termed Nafocare B. This parent molecule is amorphous, has a molecular weight of 252.7, and the chemical name [3,6] cyclohemiketal of 2-(5-methyl-2-furyl)-3-keto-L-butyrolactone. Two crystalline forms were produced by a reaction of the MFBL parent molecule with either succinic anhydride or succinimide, to create MFBL-SA (Nafocare B2) and MFBL-S (Nafocare B3) dimers, respectively. The structure of these compounds has been confirmed by modern methods of analytical chemistry, including x-ray crystallography. All three forms of the MFBLs showed negligible toxicity in single-dose acute LD-50s in mice. Also, the MFBLs did not demonstrate genotoxic activity at 800 mg/kg in the mouse micronucleus assay. The MFBLs are immunostimulatory in assays involving T- and B-lymphocytes, but not in immunoassays on macrophages derived from resident- or thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells (PEC). Spleen cells from mice treated 4 days via the intraperitoneal, intravenous, or the oral routes responded significantly over controls to suboptimal stimulatory concentrations of polyclonal mitogens in the lymphocyte stimulation assay. The MFBLs were not mitogenic, since they did not increase DNA synthesis in resting spleen cells from MFBL-treated mice. Antibody production is also amplified by the MFBLs. Mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes, a T-cell-dependent antigen, and treated with MFBLs had a 200-800% increase in the numbers of antibody-producing splenic lymphocytes detected by the Jerne hemolytic plaque assay. Also, mice immunized with soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA), and treated with a MFBL, demonstrated at least a fourfold increase in IgG-specific antibodies to BSA, when compared with controls. To demonstrate effects of MFBLs on macrophages, we used the Fc receptor (FcR) surface marker and superoxide anion assays. Only at the highest in vitro dose of MFBL (16 micrograms/ml) was a significant increase in erythrocyte antibody rosette formation detected, using resident macrophages isolated from PEC. In the superoxide anion release assay neither resident- nor thioglycollate-elicited PECs, obtained from in vivo-treated mice or macrophages treated in vitro, showed increased production of superoxide anion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) MH - Aldehydes/*CHEM SYNTHESIS ; Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/*CHEM SYNTHESIS/PHARMACODYNAMICS/TOXICITY ; Cell Nucleus/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Female ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Lymphocyte Transformation/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Macrophages/DRUG EFFECTS/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Pyruvaldehyde/*CHEM SYNTHESIS/PHARMACODYNAMICS/TOXICITY ; Receptors, Fc/ANALYSIS ; Superoxide/METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - J Biol Response Mod 1986 Oct;5(5):444-61 12 UI - 87008020 AU - Kornegay ET ; Meldrum JB ; Schurig G ; Lindemann MD ; Gwazdauskas FC TI - Lack of influence of nursery temperature on the response of weanling pigs to supplemental vitamins C and E. AB - Three trials using 240 weanling pigs were conducted during winter months to determine the influence of nursery temperature ("comfortable: vs "cold:) on the response of weanling pigs to added vitamin C (700 ppm) or E (55 IU/kg) to a corn-soybean meal diet. A "comfortable: temperature schedule (27 C initially with a weekly 2 C drop) was maintained in one nursery, with the temperature schedule in the "cold: nursery about 8 C lower. Plasma concentrations of vitamin C and vitamin E were elevated when the respective vitamins were added to the diet, but were not consistently influenced by nursery temperatures. Daily gain, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not improved with the added C or E. Daily feed intake was increased and feed-to-gain ratios were larger for pigs housed in the "cold: nursery compared with pigs housed in the "comfortable: nursery; however, daily gains were similar in the two environments. Pigs housed in the "cold: nursery were slightly stressed, as indicated by heavier adrenal glands, but the antibody response and serum glucocorticoid concentrations were not significantly affected by either diet or temperature. MH - Adrenal Glands/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY ; Animal ; Antibody Formation/ DRUG EFFECTS ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Body Weight/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Comparative Study ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/BLOOD ; Housing, Animal ; Male ; Organ Weight/ DRUG EFFECTS ; Swine/*PHYSIOLOGY ; *Temperature ; Vitamin E/BLOOD/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Weaning SO - J Anim Sci 1986 Aug;63(2):484-91 13 UI - 87005527 AU - L:vstad RA TI - Fatty acid induced hemolysis. Protective action of ceruloplasmin, albumins, thiols and vitamin C. AB - The hemolytic effect of saturated fatty acids increased rapidly, when the number of carbon atoms in the chain exceeded 12. At low fatty acid concentrations (less than 60 microM) the hemolytic effect decreased with increasing number of double bonds in the carbon chain (cis-form fatty acids). A more complex pattern was observed at higher fatty acid concentrations. Trans-unsaturated fatty acids were more hemolytic than cis-analogs. Ceruloplasmin, a serum protein with no fatty acid binding capacity, reduced the hemolytic effect of fatty acids; possibly by interacting with the cell membrane. Reducing compounds (thiols, vitamin C) also protected against fatty acid induced hemolysis. MH - Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Cattle ; Ceruloplasmin/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Comparative Study ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Hemolysis/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Human ; Kinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Serum Albumin/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Species Specificity ; Sulfhydryl Compounds/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Int J Biochem 1986;18(9):771-5 14 UI - 86308920 AU - Ramirez G ; Chen M ; Boyce HW Jr ; Fuller SM ; Ganguly R ; Brueggemeyer CD ; Butcher DE TI - Longitudinal follow-up of chronic hemodialysis patients without vitamin supplementation. AB - Vitamin supplementation for dialysis patients is still controversial. In our study, we followed longitudinally over a period of a year, 15 patients on chronic hemodialysis who were deprived of vitamin supplementation. Microbiological assays were used to determine the levels of five vitamins of the B group (folate, niacin, B12, B6, and thiamine). Vitamin C was measured chemically. During the observation period when vitamins were not supplemented, a marked drop of many of these vitamins in blood levels were encountered. For vitamins B12 and C, the plasma levels remained within the normal range in all the subjects studied. For the other vitamins, the blood levels were found to be low in a few patients. Our data suggest that vitamin supplementation is probably not needed in most stable hemodialysis patients as it is recommended now, and that perhaps, if supplementation is indicated, less should be given than is presently prescribed. Further research is needed in this area. MH - Adult ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD ; Female ; Folic Acid/BLOOD ; Follow-Up Studies ; *Hemodialysis ; Human ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/BLOOD ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Age ; Niacin/ BLOOD ; Pyridoxine/BLOOD ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Thiamine/BLOOD ; Vitamin B 12/BLOOD ; Vitamins/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*BLOOD SO - Kidney Int 1986 Jul;30(1):99-106 15 UI - 86303070 AU - Oberritter H ; Glatthaar B ; Moser U ; Schmidt KH TI - Effect of functional stimulation on ascorbate content in phagocytes under physiological and pathological conditions. AB - Neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages contain 10-40 times increased intracellular ascorbate concentrations compared to plasma. A slight decrease of ascorbate content could be observed in total white blood cells and in monocytes upon stimulation with opsonized zymosan. These decreases were more pronounced in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages from rats. In patients with rheumatoid disease whose phagocytes are exposed to a constant challenge, significantly lowered intracellular ascorbate contents were found in neutrophils and mononuclear cells. Surgical and thermal trauma in rats depressed intracellular ascorbate levels in peritoneal macrophages. These results are indicative of an essential role ascorbic acid plays in phagocytic cells. MH - Animal ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/BLOOD ; Ascorbic Acid/*BLOOD/ PHYSIOLOGY ; Female ; Human ; Macrophages/ANALYSIS ; Male ; Neutrophils/ANALYSIS ; Phagocytes/*ANALYSIS ; Phagocytosis ; Pulmonary Alveoli/CYTOLOGY ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains SO - Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1986;81(1):46-50 16 UI - 86296197 AU - Sato P ; Lindemann D TI - Intravascularly administered crosslinked immunoprecipitates of gulonolactone oxidase are toxic and rapidly cleared from the circulation. AB - Glutaraldehyde crosslinked, immunoprecipitated gulonolactone oxidase, injected intraperitoneally, has significant catalytic activity and is capable of providing long-term therapeutic benefit for the enzyme deficiency disease scurvy. The enzyme is tolerated even in repetitive doses. In the present study, however, we have found that when administered intra-arterially this modified enzyme is quite toxic even in single doses. Prior to administration the enzyme complex was filtered through a 5-microns filter. When administered intravascularly the enzyme is not nearly as active catalytically. In spite of this, activity can be detected in vivo as an elevation of plasma ascorbic acid and prolonged survival of guinea pigs fed without the vitamin. Following administration both activity and the enzyme complex are rapidly removed from the circulation. Liver and spleen are largely responsible for this uptake. Because of its toxicity intra-arterial injection of this form of the enzyme does not appear suitable for enzyme therapy. MH - Animal ; Antigen-Antibody Complex/*METABOLISM ; Ascorbic Acid/ BLOOD ; Asparaginase/IMMUNOLOGY ; Chickens ; Drug Stability ; Guinea Pigs ; *Immune Sera ; Kidney/ENZYMOLOGY ; Kinetics ; Male ; Microsomes/ENZYMOLOGY ; Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases/ ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*IMMUNOLOGY/METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Tissue Distribution SO - Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1986 Apr-Jun;8(2-3):182-9 17 UI - 86273196 AU - Smith RC ; Nunn V TI - Prevention by antioxidants of the hemolysis of erythrocytes of cattle, pigs and humans treated with t-butyl hydroperoxide. AB - Urate, 3-ribosylurate, ascorbate, glutathione and plasma protected bovine, porcine and human erythrocytes from hemolysis caused by t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Urate partially protected porcine erythrocytes from hemolysis by t-BHP when it was added 15 min after the addition of the t-BHP, but it did not protect when added 30 min after the t-BHP. Glutathione and ascorbate protected oxyhemoglobin from oxidation to methemoglobin by t-BHP; 3-ribosylurate gave only slight protection. Urate stimulated the formation of methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin during treatment with t-BHP. MH - Animal ; Antioxidants/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ascorbic Acid/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Cattle ; Comparative Study ; Erythrocytes/ *CYTOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS ; Glutathione/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Hemolysis/ *DRUG EFFECTS ; Human ; Kinetics ; Male ; Methemoglobin/ METABOLISM ; Peroxides/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ribonucleosides/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Species Specificity ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Swine ; Uric Acid/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES/PHARMACODYNAMICS SO - Comp Biochem Physiol [C] 1986;84(1):79-82 18 UI - 86239322 AU - Lachant NA ; Tanaka KR TI - Antioxidants in sickle cell disease: the in vitro effects of ascorbic acid. AB - The authors examined the ability of antioxidants to prevent in vitro oxidant damage to the sickle red blood cell (RBC). One millimolar ascorbic acid and alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine significantly (p less than 0.005) protected against RBC Heinz body formation during incubation with acetylphenylhydrazine, while cysteine, cysteamine, and methionine did not. The effect of ascorbic acid was concentration dependent with concentrations as low as 0.1 mM having significant antioxidant effects. Ascorbic acid protected the RBC against hydrogen peroxide induced hemolysis as well (p less than 0.05). Ascorbic acid had a significant stimulatory effect on the rate of glucose oxidation by the pentose phosphate shunt (PPS), especially in the sickle RBC. Ascorbic acid did not protect the RBC from a patient with chronic hemolytic anemia due to G6PDTorrance from Heinz body formation, suggesting that an intact PPS is necessary for ascorbic acid to express its antioxidant properties. These data suggest that clinical trials should be undertaken to examine the efficacy of ascorbic acid in the treatment of SCD. MH - Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune/BLOOD/*DRUG THERAPY ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/BLOOD/*DRUG THERAPY ; Antioxidants/ PHARMACODYNAMICS/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Ascorbic Acid/ PHARMACODYNAMICS/*THERAPEUTIC USE ; Clinical Trials ; Drug Evaluation ; Erythrocytes/DRUG EFFECTS ; Erythrocytes, Abnormal/ *DRUG EFFECTS ; Heinz Bodies/DRUG EFFECTS ; Human ; In Vitro ; Mercaptopropionylglycine/PHARMACODYNAMICS/THERAPEUTIC USE ; Pentosephosphate Pathway/DRUG EFFECTS ; Phenylhydrazines/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Reticulocytes/DRUG EFFECTS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Thalassemia/BLOOD/DRUG THERAPY ; Vitamin E/THERAPEUTIC USE ; Vitamin E Deficiency/BLOOD/ DRUG THERAPY SO - Am J Med Sci 1986 Jul;292(1):3-10 19 UI - 86230212 AU - McCarty MF TI - An antithrombotic role for nutritional antioxidants: implications for tumor metastasis and other pathologies. AB - Nutritional antioxidants support prostacyclin synthesis by preventing lipid hydroperoxide-mediated inhibition of prostacyclin synthetase. Recent preliminary clinical studies indicate that supplementary antioxidants exert antithrombotic effects in vivo that are most likely attributable to enhanced prostacyclin production. Optimal antioxidant nutrition may thus have preventive and therapeutic value for disorders in which inappropriate platelet aggregation plays an etiologic role, including MI, stroke, atherogenesis, pre-eclampsia, and the vascular complications of diabetes. In light of evidence that platelet aggregation encourages the implantation of hematogenous tumor metastases, supplemental antioxidants should also impede tumor dissemination--an effect which will be complemented by the immunostimulant actions of these nutrients. By exerting anticarcinogenic, immunostimulant and anti-metastatic effects, nutritional antioxidants should act to inhibit neoplasia at each stage of its development. MH - Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Animal ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Antioxidants/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ascorbic Acid/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Clinical Trials ; Diet ; Human ; Lipid Peroxides/METABOLISM ; Neoplasm Circulating Cells ; *Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms/ DRUG THERAPY ; Platelet Aggregation/DRUG EFFECTS ; Prostaglandins X/BIOSYNTHESIS ; Review ; Selenium/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Thrombosis/ DRUG THERAPY/*PREVENTION & CONTROL ; Vitamin E/PHARMACODYNAMICS SO - Med Hypotheses 1986 Apr;19(4):345-57 20 UI - 86222859 AU - Delafuente JC ; Prendergast JM ; Modigh A TI - Immunologic modulation by vitamin C in the elderly. AB - Aging is associated with a decline in both humoral-mediated and cellular-mediated immunity. These aberrations may contribute to morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Since we have previously shown that vitamin C enhances in vitro and in vivo immune functions in young healthy volunteers, we studied the effects of vitamin C on certain immunologic parameters in an elderly population. In vitro lymphocyte proliferation to the mitogen concanavalin-A was significantly less when compared to a young control group. When lymphocytes from the elderly were pre-incubated overnight and cultured in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml of vitamin C, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was similar to that from controls without vitamin C in culture. Having demonstrated significant in vitro immunoenhancement with vitamin C, we next studied the effects of oral ingestion of 2 g of vitamin C daily on certain in vitro and in vivo immunologic parameters in the elderly. When compared with a placebo-treated group, 3 weeks of vitamin C treatment did not effect in vitro mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation or in vivo reactivity to common skin test antigens. The augmenting effects of in vitro vitamin C suggest that this essential vitamin may be an effective agent in modulating aberrant immunologic functions in the elderly. The clinical significance of these findings requires further study. MH - Aged ; *Aging ; Antigens/IMMUNOLOGY ; Ascorbic Acid/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Concanavalin A/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Human ; Immune System/*DRUG EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY ; In Vitro ; Lymphocyte Transformation/DRUG EFFECTS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Int J Immunopharmacol 1986;8(2):205-11 21 UI - 86215306 AU - Gorus FK ; Finsy R ; Pipeleers DG TI - Alloxan toxicity in human and canine spermatozoa. Possible biochemical basis for a species difference in sensitivity. AB - In view of the well known species differences in the sensitivity of pancreatic B-cells to the toxic glucose analogue alloxan, it was tested whether spermatozoa from two species with a different diabetogenic effect of alloxan displayed a similar difference in their sensitivity to this drug. In canine spermatozoa, less than 2 mM alloxan profoundly reduced the rate of glucose oxidation and cellular motility whereas more than 5 mM was required to significantly alter these parameters in human spermatozoa. Such species difference was not observed in spermatozoal sensitivity towards the inhibitory effects of tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The phenomenon is not attributable to a different rate of alloxan uptake since the drug is not incorporated by dog or human spermatozoa. The alloxan toxicity was counteracted by D-glucose and its 3-O-methyl analogue in both species, and was potentiated by ascorbic acid; however, only in man. The protective effect of D-glucose was much less marked in tert-butyl hydroperoxide-cytotoxicity. It is concluded that the observed species difference in spermatozoal alloxan sensitivity is not related to differences in alloxan uptake or in sensitivity to organic peroxides; differences in cellular scavenging of superoxide anion radicals and/or ascorbic acid metabolism may explain the lower sensitivity of human spermatozoa for alloxan. MH - Adult ; Alloxan/METABOLISM/*TOXICITY ; Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Dogs ; Free Radicals ; Glucose/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Human ; Male ; Species Specificity ; Sperm Motility/DRUG EFFECTS ; Spermatozoa/*DRUG EFFECTS/METABOLISM ; Superoxide/METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Biochem Pharmacol 1986 May 15;35(10):1725-9 22 UI - 86187541 AU - Mueller HW ; Tannert S TI - The significance of electron spin resonance of the ascorbic acid radical in freeze dried human brain tumours and oedematous or normal periphery. AB - The ESR spectrum, attributed to the ascorbic acid (ascorbyl) radical and obtained by exposing freeze dried material to air, can not be used as proof for the occurrence of in vivo free radical reactions. Depending on the method of freeze drying, the content of blood or hemolyzed blood is the dominant factor in creating higher than normal ESR signals in brain or related tissue. These findings explain why the signal, though larger in many human brain tumours than in their surroundings, is not indicative of malignancy. No differences are seen between oedematous and normal tissue. The ascorbyl radical is definitely not stable in aqueous solution, which indicates that fresh tissue sections can also not be used to study in vivo radicals by ESR. MH - Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/*METABOLISM ; Brain/METABOLISM ; Brain Neoplasms/*METABOLISM ; *Electron Spin Resonance ; Freeze Drying ; Hemolysis ; Human ; Oxygen/BLOOD ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains SO - Br J Cancer 1986 Mar;53(3):385-91 23 UI - 86169440 AU - Dobi:a:s L ; Lochman I ; Mach:alek J ; Sr:am R TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on humoral and other factors of immunity in coal-tar exposed workers. AB - A group of 30 coal-tar workers was treated with 1 g of ascorbic acid (AA) orally five times a week for 3 months. The effect of this treatment was assessed on serum IgG, IgM, IgA, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin, orosomucoid, transferrin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, C-reactive protein, ceruloplasmin, the latex fixation test and cancer serum index (CSI). After 3 months treatment the concentration of AA in the blood increased from 9.52 to 60.75 mumol l-1 (i.e. from 0.15 to 1.07 mg 100 ml-1), prealbumin increased from 0.37 +/- 0.08 g l-1 to 0.48 +/- 0.08 g l-1 (P less than 0.01), CSI decreased from 2.28 +/- 0.88 to 1.76 +/- 0.50 (P less than 0.01) and alpha 2-macro-globulin decreased from 3.40 +/- 0.95 to 2.06 +/- 0.39 g l-1 (P less than 0.01). These findings, together with reports that AA is a strong stimulator of xenobiotics biotransformation in the liver, support the use of AA as a prophylactic agent for coal-tar exposed workers. MH - Adult ; Alpha Macroglobulins/ANALYSIS ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD/ *PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Coal Tar/*ADVERSE EFFECTS ; Human ; Immunoglobulins/ANALYSIS ; Male ; Neoplasms/BLOOD/CHEMICALLY INDUCED/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Occupational Diseases/BLOOD/CHEMICALLY INDUCED/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Orosomucoid/ANALYSIS ; Prealbumin/ANALYSIS ; Time Factors SO - J Appl Toxicol 1986 Feb;6(1):9-11 24 UI - 86167601 AU - Johansson U ; Portinsson S ; Akesson A ; Svantesson H ; Ockerman PA ; Akesson B TI - Nutritional status in girls with juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - Nutritional status, with emphasis on nutrients involved in inflammatory processes, was investigated in 26 girls with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and in healthy controls. Children with JCA had decreased plasma selenium compared to controls. Glutathione peroxidase activity in plasma was similar in both groups but the activity in blood was slightly depressed in JCA. The decrease in blood glutathione peroxidase was more pronounced in patients with high to medium disease activity. Ascorbic acid was measured in plasma, platelets, mononuclear cells and granulocytes. A slight decrease in granulocyte ascorbic acid was observed in patients but in plasma, platelets and mononuclear cells no difference was observed. Serum alpha-tocopherol, blood folate and serum cobalamine was the same in both groups. Several patients, especially in the youngest group, exhibited impaired growth. Serum creatinine and arm muscle circumference were lower in the arthritic patients indicating a lower muscle mass. These changes were more pronounced in patients with systemic or polyarticular onset of the disease. The possibility that the changes in nutritional status in patients with JCA can be corrected by dietary supplementation needs further investigation. MH - Adolescence ; Age Factors ; Anthropometry ; Arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid/*METABOLISM ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD ; Blood Proteins/ METABOLISM ; Calcifediol/BLOOD ; Child ; Creatinine/BLOOD ; Female ; Ferritin/BLOOD ; Glutathione Peroxidase/BLOOD ; Human ; Iron/BLOOD ; *Nutrition ; Selenium/BLOOD ; Serum Albumin/ METABOLISM ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Hum Nutr Clin Nutr 1986 Jan;40(1):57-67 25 UI - 86166952 AU - Marumo F ; Kamata K ; Okubo M TI - Deranged concentrations of water-soluble vitamins in the blood of undialyzed and dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Blood concentration of water-soluble vitamins were measured in patients with mild chronic renal insufficiency, uremic undialyzed and dialyzed patients and control subjects. The whole blood concentration of B1 was significantly lower in dialyzed patients. Plasma levels of B2 were elevated in uremic and dialyzed patients and plasma B6 was significantly increased in dialyzed patients. Serum levels of B12 and folic acid were elevated in uremic and dialyzed patients. The results of this study differ from those reported from Europe and the U.S.A. These geographical differences may arise primarily from differences in staple food, vegetable intake, and traditional methods of food preparation. MH - Adult ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD ; Female ; Folic Acid/BLOOD ; *Hemodialysis ; Human ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*BLOOD ; Male ; Middle Age ; Pyridoxine/BLOOD ; Riboflavin/BLOOD ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Thiamine/BLOOD ; Uremia/BLOOD ; Vitamin B 12/ BLOOD ; Vitamins/*BLOOD SO - Int J Artif Organs 1986 Jan;9(1):17-24 26 UI - 86158755 AU - Tenner AJ ; Volkin DB TI - Complement subcomponent C1q secreted by cultured human monocytes has subunit structure identical with that of serum C1q. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (e.l.i.s.a.) that is capable of quantifying C1q concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml and a sensitive haemolytic assay were used to study the appearance of material that cross-reacts with human serum C1q as well as C1q haemolytic activity in human monocyte culture media. This material was detected in the medium after 10-14 days and continued to be secreted through to day 28 of culture, at which time the cultures were terminated. Material specifically immunoabsorbed with Sepharose-anti-C1q antibody from a culture medium of cells that was metabolically labelled with [3H] proline or [35S] methionine demonstrated a polypeptide pattern identical with that of serum C1q on SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Under non-reducing conditions two protein bands were detected migrating with the same Rf values as the serum C1q A-B and C-C dimers. On reduction three bands were evident, which migrated identically with the A, B and C chains of serum C1q. The amount of radioactivity in these bands increased with time in culture, consistent with the e.l.i.s.a. and haemolytic C1q assays. These bands were reactive with monospecific anti-C1q antibody after transfer to nitrocellulose. MH - Ascorbic Acid/METABOLISM ; Cells, Cultured ; Comparative Study ; *Complement Activating Enzymes/BIOSYNTHESIS/BLOOD ; Cross Reactions ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Human ; Monocytes/*ENZYMOLOGY ; Peptide Fragments/ANALYSIS ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - Biochem J 1986 Jan 15;233(2):451-8 27 UI - 86140377 AU - Engvall E ; Hessle H ; Klier G TI - Molecular assembly, secretion, and matrix deposition of type VI collagen. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with the tissue form of type VI collagen were used to isolate the type VI collagen polypeptides from cultured fibroblasts and muscle cells. Two [35S]methionine-labeled polypeptides of 260 and 140 kD were found intracellularly, in the medium, and in the extracellular matrix of metabolically labeled cells. These polypeptides were disulfide cross-linked into very large complexes. The 260- and 140-kD polypeptides were intimately associated and could not be separated from each other by reduction without denaturation. In the absence of ascorbic acid, both polypeptides accumulated inside the cell, and their amounts in the medium and in the matrix were decreased. These results suggest that both the 260- and the 140-kD polypeptides are integral parts of the type VI collagen molecule. Examination of type VI collagen isolated from the intracellular pool by electron microscopy after rotary shadowing revealed structures corresponding to different stages of assembly of type VI collagen. Based on these images, a sequence for the intracellular assembly of type VI collagen could be discerned. Type VI collagen monomers are approximately 125 nm long and are composed of two globules separated by a thin strand. The monomers assemble into dimers and tetramers by lateral association. Only tetramers were present in culture media, whereas both tetramers and multimers were found in extracellular matrix extracts. The multimers appeared to have assembled from tetramers by end-to-end association into filaments that had prominent knobs and a periodicity of approximately 110 nm. These results show that, unlike other collagens, type VI collagen is assembled into tetramers before it is secreted from the cells, and they also suggest an extracellular aggregation mechanism that appears to be unique to this collagen. MH - Animal ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/IMMUNOLOGY ; Ascorbic Acid/ PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen/*BIOSYNTHESIS/ IMMUNOLOGY/SECRETION ; Extracellular Matrix/*METABOLISM ; Fibroblasts/DRUG EFFECTS/METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Human ; Leiomyosarcoma/METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Muscles/DRUG EFFECTS/ METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational/DRUG EFFECTS ; Rats ; Rhabdomyosarcoma/ METABOLISM/ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Sarcoma, Osteogenic/METABOLISM/ ULTRASTRUCTURE ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. SO - J Cell Biol 1986 Mar;102(3):703-10 28 UI - 86136646 AU - Siegel I ; Dudkiewicz AB ; Friberg J ; Suarez M ; Gleicher N TI - Inhibition of sperm motility and agglutination of sperm cells by free fatty acids in whole semen. AB - The effects of a serial dilution of linoleic acid on human spermatozoa in whole semen was tested on 21 semen samples obtained from 11 normal volunteers. The minimal concentration of linoleic acid required to stop the movement of at least 75% of the moving sperm ranged from 1 to greater than 100 mg/dl. Fifteen of 21 (71%) of the semen samples were inhibited by added free fatty acids (FFA) concentrations that were less than or close to the physiologic concentration ranges of FFA in blood plasma (1 to 30 mg/dl). The immobilized sperm often formed aggregates similar to those formed by the action of autoantibodies against sperm cells. Preliminary studies conducted on a variety of other FFA have indicated that oleic acid (18/1) was less toxic than linoleic acid (18/2) and that linolenic acid (18/3) was more toxic than linoleic acid. The saturated FFA palmitic acid (16/0) and stearic acid (18/0) at concentrations up to 100 mg/dl showed little or no toxicity to sperm cells. It is suggested that FFA toxicity be included among physiologic factors that affect the motility and spontaneous aggregation of sperm cells. MH - Ascorbic Acid/TOXICITY ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/ANALYSIS/ *TOXICITY ; Human ; Linoleic Acids/TOXICITY ; Linolenic Acids/ TOXICITY ; Male ; Oleic Acids/TOXICITY ; Palmitic Acids/TOXICITY ; Semen/*ANALYSIS ; Sperm Agglutination/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Sperm Motility/*DRUG EFFECTS ; Stearic Acids/TOXICITY ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Fertil Steril 1986 Feb;45(2):273-9 29 UI - 86107249 AU - Packer L ; Gohil K ; deLumen B ; Terblanche SE TI - A comparative study on the effects of ascorbic acid deficiency and supplementation on endurance and mitochondrial oxidative capacities in various tissues of the guinea pig. AB - The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of ascorbic acid deficiency and supplementation on endurance and mitochondrial oxidative capacities in various tissues of guinea pigs. Endurance capacity was significantly reduced by ascorbic acid deficiency and supplementation. Oxidative capacities were reduced in heart, liver and brown adipose tissue but it seems as if skeletal muscle is protected against ascorbic acid deficiency and supplementation-induced oxidative damage. Skeletal muscle and liver but not heart appear to be susceptible to exercise-induced oxidative damage. To a certain extent oxidative capacities could be related to the glutathione status in the various tissues. MH - Animal ; Ascorbic Acid/*PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency/*METABOLISM ; Comparative Study ; Glutathione/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES/BLOOD/METABOLISM ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Mitochondria, Heart/DRUG EFFECTS/*METABOLISM ; Mitochondria, Liver/DRUG EFFECTS/*METABOLISM ; Mitochondria, Muscle/DRUG EFFECTS/*METABOLISM ; Organ Specificity ; *Oxygen Consumption/ DRUG EFFECTS ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. SO - Comp Biochem Physiol [B] 1986;83(1):235-40 30 UI - 86106797 AU - Kasidas GP ; Rose GA TI - Measurement of plasma oxalate in healthy subjects and in patients with chronic renal failure using immobilised oxalate oxidase. AB - A continuous flow assay using immobilised oxalate oxidase was used to measure the level of oxalate in plasma ultrafiltrate obtained from healthy subjects and from patients with chronic renal failure. The levels of oxalate in plasma from normal subjects ranged from 1.3-3.1 mumol/l (mean 2.03; SD = 0.52) with females showing a higher (p less than 0.05) level (mean 2.25 mumol/l) than males (mean 1.87 mumol/l). The mean oxalate/creatinine clearance ratio in fourteen healthy subjects was greater than unity, thus indicating a net tubular secretion of oxalate. At physiological pH, L-ascorbate was converted to oxalate in whole blood following venepuncture, in plasma and in plasma ultrafiltrate. Reduction of the spontaneous generation of oxalate in the samples prior to analysis was achieved by acidification and treatment with sodium nitrite. A linear correlation (r = 0.92; p less than 0.001) was found between plasma oxalate and plasma creatinine in patients with chronic renal failure. MH - Adult ; Ascorbic Acid/BLOOD ; Creatinine/BLOOD/URINE ; *Enzymes, Immobilized ; Female ; Human ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Indicators and Reagents ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*BLOOD ; Male ; Oxalates/*BLOOD/URINE ; *Oxidoreductases ; Reference Values ; Sex Factors ; Sodium Nitrite/PHARMACODYNAMICS ; Ultrafiltration SO - Clin Chim Acta 1986 Jan 15;154(1):49-58