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5.   Information on the heat stability and refrigeration requirements of
     polio vaccine, Sabine and Salk vaccines; (oral and injectable).  What
     are storage temperature requirements of polio vaccines.  What amount
     of heat exposure will inactivate them.
1
UI  - 86181606
AU  - Kohara M ; Abe S ; Kuge S ; Semler BL ; Komatsu T ; Arita M ; Itoh H ;
      Nomoto A
TI  - An infectious cDNA clone of the poliovirus Sabin strain could be used as
      a stable repository and inoculum for the oral polio live vaccine.
AB  - Viruses were recovered from HeLa S3 cells and African green monkey kidney
      (AGMK) cells transfected with an infectious cDNA clone of poliovirus
      vaccine Sabin 1 strain. The viruses recovered from the different
      DNA-transfected cells were tested for the biological characteristics of
      temperature sensitivity (rct marker), plaque size, and bicarbonate
      concentration dependency (d marker). The results revealed that the above
      properties were similar to those obtained from tests on the Sabin 1
      vaccine reference strain. The recovered viruses and the vaccine reference
      virus were passaged in AGMK cells at an elevated temperature of 37.5
      degrees, and the passaged isolates were tested for the rct marker. The
      virus recovered from AGMK cells had the most stable rct phenotype while
      the virus from HeLa S3 cells had a similar stability to that of the
      reference virus, suggesting that the virus from AGMK cells would be more
      suitable as a vaccine strain than the other two viruses. Furthermore, an
      infectious cDNA clone of high specific infectivity, constructed by
      introducing SV40 large T antigen into the plasmid, was used for
      production of high titers of virus after transfection. The results of in
      vitro biological tests on the recovered virus suggested that virus
      produced in the transfected AGMK cells also had the high quality that is
      desirable in vaccine stocks. Monkey neurovirulence tests performed with
      these recovered viruses revealed that the recovered viruses were weakly
      neurovirulent, similar to the vaccine reference virus. The infectious
      cDNA clone of the poliovirus vaccine strain could therefore be used to
      generate a possible inoculum of the oral polio live vaccine. Our findings
      strongly suggest that an infectious cDNA clone of poliovirus RNA may be
      used to preserve the constancy and quality of the present seed viruses of
      the Sabin 1 vaccine strain.
MH  - Animal ; Cell Line ; Central Nervous System Diseases/ETIOLOGY ;
      Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA ; Human ; Macaca
      fascicularis ; Phenotype ; Plaque Assay ; Poliovirus/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/
      *GENETICS/PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOGENICITY ; *Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; Support,
      Non-U.S. Gov't ; Temperature ; Transfection ; Virulence
SO  - Virology 1986 May;151(1):21-30