==================================HSR04================================== 4. Psychosocial issues and social work interventions with children with AIDS and their families - sibling issues - school issues. 1 UI - 87015799 AU - Ostrow DG ; Gayle TC TI - Psychosocial and ethical issues of AIDS health care programs. AB - The psychiatric, psychosocial, and ethical considerations in the design and evaluation of health care programs for AIDS patients and others with HIV infection are described in this article. The responsibilities of health care providers are considered in the context of the history and epidemiology of AIDS, previous responses of the health care delivery system, and the concerns of the general public. General guidelines for program development are set forth; these guidelines embody ethical principles, the role of education in altering the behavior and attitudes of patients and health care workers, the optimal levels of and precautions for infection control, and the evaluation of a patient's competency and judgement. Several examples of the use of these guidelines to resolve difficult policy issues arising in the treatment of patients with AIDS or HIV infection are also provided. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*PSYCHOLOGY/ THERAPY ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Burnout, Professional/PSYCHOLOGY ; *Ethics, Medical ; Fear ; Female ; Health Education ; Hospitalization ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; *Long Term Care ; Male ; Personnel, Hospital ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/THERAPY ; Pregnancy ; Voluntary Health Agencies SO - QRB 1986 Aug;12(8):284-9, 292-4 2 UI - 87000020 AU - Bausell RB ; Damrosch S ; Parks P ; Soeken K TI - Public perceptions regarding the AIDS epidemic: selected results from a national poll. AB - A telephone interview of 1256 adults age 18 and over was conducted using a random digit dialing procedure. Participants were queried about their perceptions of being at risk for contracting the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), optimism-pessimism about the controllability of the epidemic, whether they take special steps to avoid catching AIDS, and how they would prioritize three possible courses of action. The sample was about evenly divided between optimism and pessimism about controlling AIDS within five years; 10% perceived they were at least at some risk of contracting AIDS (with such "at risk: persons overrepresented among residents in the east, among college graduates, and within the 30-39 age bracket). Forty-one percent indicated taking special steps to avoid AIDS, with higher percentages of Blacks, Hispanics, and persons under age 30 reporting such precautions. Personal preventive action was ranked first among the three possible courses of action by 51%, unlimited governmental spending to find a cure or vaccine and governmental restrictions of certain homosexual behaviors were each ranked first by about 20% of the respondents. The results also indicated that perception of being at risk mediates some opinions about AIDS. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*PSYCHOLOGY ; Adolescence ; Adult ; Data Collection ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; *Public Opinion ; Risk ; Social Perception ; United States SO - AIDS Res 1986 Summer;2(3):253-8 3 UI - 86319830 AU - Feder HM Jr ; Schmidt P TI - AIDS in a child: the family physician's role. AB - Children or adults with AIDS may be seen first by family physicians, who must be aware of the epidemiology, signs and symptoms, and initial laboratory evaluation of these patients. Numerous complications are to be expected. The physician can provide reassurance that AIDS is not transmitted through casual contact, can offer valuable support to the AIDS patient and the family, and can serve as a source of accurate information. MH - *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS/FAMILIAL & GENETIC/ IMMUNOLOGY ; Antibodies, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Case Report ; Female ; Fever/ ETIOLOGY ; Human ; Infant ; Male ; Parents/PSYCHOLOGY ; Physician-Patient Relations ; *Physician's Role ; *Physicians, Family ; Professional-Family Relations ; *Role SO - Am Fam Physician 1986 Aug;34(2):114-8 4 UI - 86257039 AU - Price RW ; Navia BA ; Cho ES TI - AIDS encephalopathy. AB - It is now recognized that AIDS is frequently complicated by a progressive encephalopathy characterized by dementia and motor dysfunction. This article reviews the early and late clinical features of this disorder and examines current evidence that it is due to direct brain infection by the retrovirus that causes AIDS. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS/ETIOLOGY/OCCURRENCE ; America ; Brain Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS/PATHOLOGY ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dementia/COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/OCCURRENCE/PSYCHOLOGY ; Europe ; Human ; Male ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't SO - Neurol Clin 1986 Feb;4(1):285-301 5 UI - 86224951 AU - Smith JP TI - Nursing and health care in the twentieth century: myth, reality and dichotomy. AB - In this Fourth Ruth Langton Memorial Lecture, the author highlights some of the major health problems in children, mentally and physically handicapped people, and in the growing numbers of elderly people in society. Nurses' roles are discussed. He identifies many major areas of concern and points out that many of the afflictions affecting people throughout the world, such as infectious diseases, blindness and malnutrition, could so easily be prevented. The author also focuses on the diseases caused by unhealthy lifestyles, in particular heart disease, cancers, drug addiction and obesity. He argues that a redirection of resources spent on arms and defense could do much to alleviate disease and suffering throughout the world. He also questions the present effectiveness of nursing education programmes and community care programmes. The paper concludes with a challenge to all nurses to explode the myth that society is becoming healthier, to face the reality of the urgent need for more primary health care and health education programmes, and to heal the dichotomy between present nursing and health care provision and the actual health needs of society. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/NURSING ; Adult ; Aged ; Alzheimer's Disease/NURSING ; Child ; Great Britain ; Handicapped ; *Health ; Health Resources ; *Health Status ; Human ; Life Style ; Mental Disorders/ NURSING ; Mental Retardation/NURSING ; Middle Age ; Nursing/*TRENDS ; Role ; Technology SO - J Adv Nurs 1986 Mar;11(2):127-32 6 UI - 86118530 AU - Friedland GH ; Saltzman BR ; Rogers MF ; Kahl PA ; Lesser ML ; Mayers MM ; Klein RS TI - Lack of transmission of HTLV-III/LAV infection to household contacts of patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex with oral candidiasis. AB - To determine the risk of transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) to close but nonsexual contacts of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), we studied the nonsexual household contacts of patients with AIDS or the AIDS-related complex with oral candidiasis. Detailed interviews, physical examinations, and tests for serum antibody to HTLV-III/LAV were performed on 101 household contacts of 39 AIDS patients (68 children and 33 adults), all of whom had lived in the same household with an index patient for at least three months. These contacts had shared household items and facilities and had close personal interaction with the patient for a median of 22 months (range, 3 to 48) during the period of presumed infectivity. Only 1 of 101 household contacts--a five-year-old child--had evidence of infection with the virus, which had probably been acquired perinatally rather than through horizontal transmission. This study indicates that household contacts who are not sexual partners of, or born to, patients with AIDS are at minimal or no risk of infection with HTLV-III/LAV. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS/FAMILIAL & GENETIC/ *TRANSMISSION ; Adolescence ; Antibodies, Viral/ANALYSIS ; Candidiasis/ *COMPLICATIONS ; Child ; Family ; Female ; Human ; Male ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Time Factors SO - N Engl J Med 1986 Feb 6;314(6):344-9 7 UI - 86089463 AU - Jason JM ; McDougal JS ; Dixon G ; Lawrence DN ; Kennedy MS ; Hilgartner M ; Aledort L ; Evatt BL TI - HTLV-III/LAV antibody and immune status of household contacts and sexual partners of persons with hemophilia. AB - We evaluated the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) antibody and immune status of 88 persons living with and/or sexual partners of 43 hemophiliacs, 12 of whom had AIDS, five of whom had AIDS-related complex (ARC), 17 of whom were clinically well but HTLV-III/LAV antibody positive, and nine of whom were well and HTLV-III/LAV antibody negative. No nonhemophilic household contacts (0/50) of healthy hemophiliacs were HTLV-III/LAV antibody positive; two of 33 nonhemophilic AIDS/ARC contacts were positive. One was a spouse and one a sexual partner of a hemophiliac. One of these antibody-positive contacts herself had AIDS, and one had ARC. Antibody-negative, nonhemophilic contacts of AIDS/ARC and of antibody-positive hemophiliacs had significantly lower numbers of lymphocytes, T helper lymphocytes, and T suppressor lymphocytes than did contacts of antibody-negative hemophiliacs. We conclude that risk of HTLV-III/LAV transmission may exist for spouses and/or sexual contacts of hemophiliacs with AIDS/ARC, but we cannot now determine the risk for contacts of asymptomatic hemophiliacs. MH - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/IMMUNOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION ; Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Family ; Female ; Helper Cells/IMMUNOLOGY ; *Hemophilia/FAMILIAL & GENETIC/IMMUNOLOGY ; Human ; Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus/*IMMUNOLOGY ; Infant ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocytes/CLASSIFICATION ; Male ; Middle Age ; Risk ; Sex Behavior ; Suppressor Cells/IMMUNOLOGY SO - JAMA 1986 Jan 10;255(2):212-5 '