Y037016 1
1323973
Toxic spill training held inadequate; small urban and rural areas sees at risk. Chemical Marketing Reporter March 17, 1986 p. 7, 30
Standards are needed to teach fire fighters and police officers to handle accidents involving hazardous material trasportation, according to OTA. Rural areas are more at risk from untrained personnel than urban areas, and there are no national training program standards. OTA would also like to see consistent penalties for violating regulations across governmental and jurisdictional levels, and substantial enough to discourage further infractions. Hazardous materials shipments total 180 million/yr, or 500, 000 trips/d, according to DOT. Shipments can contain any of over 2, 400 chemicals, explosives, wastes, and radioactive materials.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *93 *regulation

Y037016 2
1322670
SCRAP: RIGHT-TO-KNOW: NARI'S Phase II Compliance Aid Program Set. American Metal Market March 11, 1986 p. 9
The National Association of Recycling Industries will introduce a right-to-know program designed to enable all processing and consuming firms to meet federal regulations at its Los Angeles, California, convention in early 1986. The Phase II program contains all of the materials necessary for scrap dealers and processors to comply with present right-to-know regulations and possible extension of pending federal rules, and for consumers to comply with regulatory requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration that become effective on 5/25/86. NARI pointed out that the health and safety procedures similar to those mandated by the various regulations are already being enforced by unions and insurance firms in many cases. The program components, to be available at a moderate cost, include a right-to-know compliance manual tailored to each firm outlining its operational program, including material safety data sheets, labeling, employee training, health effects and exposure controls. The step-by-step compliance directions are designed for the general scrap industry, processors, merchants-borkers and consumers. In this manner all varying activities within a firm's operations can be fully convered as required by the OSHA regulations. The components also include a 35 milimeters audio-visual carousel slide/tape module for use in conducting OSHA-required employee training sessions. 
*1USA *United States *5093000 *Scrap & Waste Materials Whsle *36 *services data

Y037016 3
1320088
SCRAP: NARI Urges Exemption of Dealers From Federal Right-to-Know Laws. American Metal Market March 4, 1986 p. 7
The National Association of Recycling Industries urged the federal government to exempt scrap metal dealers from present and pending 'right to know' laws, contending that hazardous waste regulations are designed for chemical producers and distributors. NARI petitioned OSHA to exclude scrap dealers and processors from an expanded right-to-know program that as of RELEVANT_____ PARTIALLY RELEVANT_____ NOT RELEVANT_____ 5/25/86 will require the industry to conduct employee training programs and meet in-plant regulatory requirements. NARI said it is not rational or cost effective for scrap dealers essentially grading, processing and shipping non-hazardous metals to have to comply with the onerous and costly burdens planned for chemical producers and distributors. It believes that since dealers and processors typically handle non-hazardous materials, compliance with regulations enforced by OSHA is neither necessary nor economically feasible. The present economic plight of the recycled metals industry is severe, and any more cost burdens such as those inherent in the proposed regulations would impair the ability of many to continue operations on an economically viable basis.
*1USA *United States *5093100 *Scrap Metals *93 *regulation

Y037016 4
1312081
Right-to-Know Package Will Save Members More Than $25M: ISIS. American Metal Market January 17, 1986 p. 7
The right-to-know package established by the Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel will save its 1, 200 members $25 million+. The ISIS staff developed and distributed to the membership without charge a series of 15 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for ferrous and nonferrous scrap. MSDS forms must be developed and filled out in accordance with the new right-to-know regulations. Employers must make an inventory of potentially hazardous substances to which employees may be exposed in the workplace. Employers must then obtain or develop MSDS forms on all hazardous substances in the workplace. Procedures must be developed to assure that the employees and other interested parties have access to records concerning exposures to hazardous substances. Employee training programs must be developed and initiated to inform employees about exposures to hazardous substances and about their legal rights. Containers of hazardous substances must be properly labeled and MSDSs must be provided to all purchasers of hazardous substances.
*1USA *United States *3310000 *Primary Iron & Steel *97 *govt functions

Y037016 5
1309362
NARI Developing 'Phase II' Of Right-to-Know Program. American Metal Market January 31, 1986 p. 9
A comprehensive 'Phase II' of its right-to-know assistance program is being developed by the National Association of Recycling Industries for industry members who are required to meet new federal and state requirements coming into effect as early as 5/25/86. The 'Phase II' concept deals with plant operational and employee training programs that are mandated by OSHA in a second wave of regulatory requirements. The first phase of NARI's member-assistance program involved the distribution of Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) on all the major metals and alloys, and a series of 'how to' compliance clinics. The 'Phase II' program consists of a written compliance manual, an audio-visual slide employee training program and a series of technical clinics in 4 regions of the country. The program will enable any of the association's members--whether a processor-dealer or a consumer-manufacturer--to meet federal as well as state regulations involving plant management, operation and employee training.
*1USA *United States *5093100 *Scrap Metals *60 *market data

Y037016 6
1307565
Hazardous wastes in academic labs. Chemical & Engineering News February 3, 1986 p. 21-31
Changes in Resources Conservation and Recovery Act will apply to installations generating under 1, 000 kilogram per month of hazardous waste, affecting 1, 500 more schools. In addition, academic institutions must comply with the Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (Superfund). While this law has applied mainly to companies, the U of Minnesota and N Carolina State U have been placed on Superfund's National Priorities list for cleanup of specific disposal sites used in the past. Colleges and universities must also be aware that even if they use a commercial disposal firm, they are still liable for any health or environmental damage the stored waste might eventually inflict. As part of their expanding waste management programs, many schools are recovering useful materials from hazardous wastes, reducing the disposal volume of such wastes. Many schools, especially chemistry depts, also recognize that training in the disposal of hazardous wzstes is an essential part of a chemistry student's education. While an industrial plant may generate only 12 waste products, an academic lab may generate thousands of such products, some only in gram quantities. The U of Massachusetts (Amherst) disposes of 2, 000 types per year of chemicals and chemical mixtures, ranging from as small as ampoule to 55- gallon drum amounts. This wide diversity of chemicals is a major problem, partly because Environmental Protection Agency requires that all chemicals buried in landfills be identified by chemical name. Also, the variety of waste requires academic labs to do a large amount of paperwork to keep tabs on what they ship to off-site disposal firms. Article discusses paying for hazardous waste disposal and use of lab packs, and hazardous waste handling by academic institution.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *93 *regulation 1USA United States 8220000 Colleges & Universities 93 regulation

Y037016 7
1304245
Battelle develops hazardous chemical information system. American Paint & Coatings Journal November 25, 1985 p. 18
Battelle's (Columbus, Ohio) Software Products Center has developed a database for maintaining and tracking information on hazardous chemicals. Chemtrak can be used to generate hazardous chemical reports to comply with government standards on hazard information programs for employees and to monitor chemical supplies for distribution and reordering. The cost of the Chemtrak package, including documentation training and installation, is $17, 000.
*1USA *United States *7375990 *Other Database Vendors NEC *33 *products; *Battelle-Columbus Labs

Y037016 8
1288478
Forcing Chemical Makers To Come Clean On Hazards.Anew OSHA rule will cost chemical makers $604 million to start compliance and $159 million per year thereafter.
#Business Week Industrial Edition December 9, 1985 p. 86H
The ruling, issued in 1983 with a 2- year lead time, orders companies to give their workers and customers detailed safety sheets and levels for hazardous products. The OSHA rules also require both chemical and nonchemical employers to begin intensive safety training programs for their 14 million workers by spring-1986. Also, on 12/9/85 the Environmental Protection Agency will issue a list of 400 chemicals it says will be hazardous if released into the air. The list is hoped to push state and local officials into demanding information on where those chemicals are used and preparation of emergency-response plans. Union officials are scrutinizing industry compliance, complaining that all companies do not always identify their products by chemical name.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 9
1288352
Business Bulletin.New OSHA regulations on safety labeling and training are expected to cost manufacturers $600 million/yr. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition December 5, 1985 p. 1
As of 12/1/85 chemical manufacturers must provide material safety data sheets and labels outlining possible hazards on chemicals they ship. By 5/86, all manufacturers will have to maintain the sheets and start training workers in the use of hazardous materials.
*1USA *United States *9108634 *Packaging & Labeling Regulation *93 *regulation 1USA United States 9913500 Safety Management 93 regulation

Y037016 10
1285129
OSHA is revising two standards.OSHA has proposed major revisions of its standards for formaldehyde and benzene calling for significant reductions in allowable exposure limits for both chemicals. Chemical Week December 11, 1985 p. 15, 16
Current OSHA standards include short-term exposure limits (STELs) or ceilings and limits on average exposure/workday. OSHA now believes that there is no justification for STELs. It plans to lower workplace exposure to benzene over 8 hours from 10 parts per million of air to 1 parts per million, with monitoring and medical surveillance required at exposure levels of 0.5 parts per million. The new standard would cut the potential risk of deaths from leukemia 22 percent to 136/1, 000 workers. Petrochemical producers and plant operators would have to spend $29 million per year to comply with the new rules. Formaldehyde exposure levels would be reduced from 3 parts per million to 1-1.5 parts per million and monitoring, training, engineering controls and other protective measures would be required.
*1USA *United States *2863100 *Benzene *94 *regulation 1USA United States 2868520 Formaldehyde 94 regulation

Y037016 11
1285128
Pressure from the pulpit.Union Carbide and FMC must adopt a policy requiring the public disclosure of potential hazards of pesticides and other chemicals made, stored or used at its US or foreign pesticide plants, according to church investor groups and the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility (ICCR). Chemical Week December 11, 1985 p. 14, 15
Another resolution proposed by the groups ask the firms to publish a report by 7/86 detailing the actions taken as a result of the Bhopal accident. The reports should include information on whether the firms maintain identical health and safety standards and training programs at therir its domestic and foreign plants, but may exclude proprietary or competitive information. American Baptist Churches USA holds 8, 800 shares of FMC stock.
*1USA *United States *2879000 *Pesticides & Other Ag Chemicals *29 *public affairs; *Union Carbide; Duns No: *00-128-9008; Ticker: *UK; CUSIP: *905581 1USA United States 2879000 Pesticides & Other Ag Chemicals 29 public affairs; FMC

Y037016 12
1283085
Are Those Labels Ready.As of 11/25/85, chemical firms must label shipped containers of hazardous chemicals and supply data sheets to companies that purchase the chemicals. Industry Week (formerly Steel Magazine) November 25, 1985 p. 37-40
By 5/25/86, manufacturing employees must comply with additional requirements for training and education. The laws are the first set of OSHA guidelines to comprehensively cover labeling of chemicals--previously, each state had its own laws. Though companies have no trouble determining the composition of their products, some are worried that divulging product information on labels could hurt their competitive advantage. The labeling and educational requirements, along with the massive amounts of paperwork that go along with them, has made it difficult for many firms to meet the stated deadlines. Companies that use chemicals are also required to abide by the new laws and are required to report to OSHA any chemical company that fails to properly label products.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *94 *regulation

Y037016 13
1281450
Toxic chemical listing to aid community response. Chemical Marketing Reporter November 25, 1985 p. 3, 53
Environmental Protection Agency will list 403 hazardous chemicals 'immediately dangerous to life and health' to help communities plan for emergencies such as industrial accidents. Release of the list was delayed by review by CDC. State officials complained that the list will force them to deal with a great deal of public concern for which they are not prepared. About 140 of the compounds on the list are pesticides and pesticide components. Major compounds on the list include sulfuric acid (the largest volume chemical produced in the US), ammonia (3rd) and nitric acid (11th), along with chlorine, formaldehyde, bromine, fluorine, sulfur dioxide, phenol, hydrogen peroxide and nitrobenzene. Several food, fragrance and flavoring materials are listed, as are 7 warfare agents. The list includes about 20 percent of all chemicals in commerce. Environmental Protection Agency will give local communities technical assistance and training, but it will be up to local agencies to determine which of the toxic chemicals are produced or handled nearby and to produce emergency response plans. Cooperation by chemical firms in such planning is now voluntary, although new Superfund legislation may require cooperation.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *93 *regulation

Y037016 14
1280100
Chemical companies face up to hazard communication. Chemical Week November 20, 1985 p. 56-61
Article discusses the 11/85 implementation of OSHA's hazard communication standard. After 11/25/85, shipments of chemicals that pose health or safety hazards of any kind must carry material safety data sheets (MSDS) describing the precise nature of those hazards. Companies in manufacturing industries must make available to employees MSDSs for all hazardous materials in the workplace, prepare a written hazard program explaining how they intend to keep employees apprised of workplace risks, and provide training and education programs for workers of specific hazards. They must also teach workers about how the hazard communication program overall.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *regulation

Y037016 15
1279353
Electronic system solves labeling problem. Packaging (frmly Package Engineering incl Modern Packaging) November 1985 p. 62, 63
Stepan identifies 400 of its chemical products with pressure-sensitive electronically printed labels, compared with its former use of stenciled markings, to comply with OSHA's right-to-know laws and DOT labeling regulations. The firm required thousands of labels per month for a wide diversity of products. Each product had to be labeled with detailed information specific to each chemical. The new labels are printed on a Weber Legitronic 2060 system, which requires a password for activation, and may only be used by certain personnel due to security considerations. The labels, complete with the proper DOT symbology, are printed up on demand, thus eliminating the need to keep stocks of different labels. The possibility of mislabeling or improper labeling information has been eliminated with the system, which requires no special training for use and keeps the proper information for each product on a diskette. Label copy includes product identification, weight, lot number, health hazard warnings, first aid, spill procedures and storage and handling instructions.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *35 *product standards; *Stepan 1USA United States 3573264 Computer Label Printers 61 contracts received; Weber Marking Systems

Y037016 16
1278925
Capping Trouble.
#Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition November 11, 1985 p. 1, 18
Battered by bad publicity and facing growing regulatory pressure, chemical companies are taking a fresh look at plant hazards. They are reducing stockpiles of dangerous chemicals, installing sophisticated equipment to detect escaping chemicals and working with local officials to develop evacuation plans for nearby residents. Industry-sponsored studies by the American Institue of Chemical Engineers in the late 1970s confirmed that many safety systems were too small to neutralize large chemical leaks. In addition, the quality of valves and other basic parts vital to safety is declining, and the growing role of cost-conscious purchasing managers in choosing equipment is cutting quality. American Cyanamid, after a 1984 malathion leak, initiated a saftey program whereby workers get 40 hours of classroom training, including courses in basic chemistry to help them better understand plant processes. Plant officials are drafting new guidelines to ensure that workers are trained for new assignments. However, chemical companies, including American Cyanamid, are only beginning to grapple with studies questioning the adequacy of plant safety systems. For example, emergency systems on chemical-plant tanks traditionally have been designed to neutralize only escaping gases. Industry supported studies confirm that chemical liquids also escape from tanks in runaway reactions. 
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *23 *productn mgmt

Y037016 17
1278261
A Rise In Injuries On the Job. Business Week Industrial Edition November 25, 1985 p. 46
In 1984 there were 8 cases/100 full-time workers of job-related illness and injury compared with 7.6 in 1983, a significant jump after a 4- year decline in the injury rate. The number of lost workdays/case rose from 58.5 to 63.4. The new data will reinforce organized labor's calls for analysis of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's 'voluntary' compliance program and for adoption of a 'get-tough' policy on employers. The government is investigating possible reasons behind the increased incidence of accidents on the job.
*1USA *United States *8000500 *Employee Health & Safety *53 *labor use

Y037016 18
1276489
NONFERROUS: Safety Training Ordered On Nickel, Chrome Jobs. American Metal Market November 4, 1985 p. 26
OSHA has ordered nickel and chromium producers and fabricators to issue warnings and take other safety precautions to protect workers as of late 1985. OSHA said essentially the regulation will require that the materials are labeled as hazardous and that employees handling the materials are given safety training. The regulation will affect primary US producers and stainless steel fabricators. Warnings will note what the content of each grade is and what precautions need to be taken in fabricating the materials. Stainless steel industry executives said the hazard warning will be more of an 'administrative paperwork' matter than change in production methods. OSHA has set a 5/25/86 deadline for firms to train personnel who work with the hazardous materials.
*1USA *United States *3339650 *Chromium *93 *regulation

Y037016 19
1270204
Mobil Chemical laboratories cited for safety; OSHA inspectors to be trained at the facility. Chemical Marketing Reporter October 28, 1985 p. 3
Mobil Chemical's Edison and Princeton, New Jersey, labs have been admitted to OSHA's STAR program, which contains the toughest safety and health standards set by government for industry. The Edison lab will provide OSHA compliance officers with hands-on training for a special inspection program that will focus on the 12, 000 US chemical plants. STAR program standards are tougher than OSHA's workplace rules and regulations. Each STAR applicant undergoes an OSHA review of the plant safety and health program, including an on-site inspection of its records and logs, a review of its inspection history, interviews with management and employees and an assessment of plant conditions. Plant employees are guided through each stage of the process to identify and learn how to handle each potential safety and health hazard. The OSHA inspectors will do the same, gaining valuable hands-on knowledge for their plant inspections. STAR plants and labs remain accountable to OSHA but are removed from OSHA's scheduled inspection list. Of the 29 industrial facilities enrolled in the STAR program, 15 are owned and operated by Mobil.
*1234 *New Jersey *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *45 *R&D outlays; *Mobil Chemical

Y037016 20
1267995
Complying with OSHA's hazard communication rule. PIMA (frmrly Amer Paper Ind & Paper Ind) October 1985 p. 38, 39
OSHA will require employers to inform employees about potential hazards in the workplace and to offer self-protection training against these hazards. Beginning on 11/25/85, chemical manufacturers and distributors are required to label shipped containers of hazardous materials and to provide safety data sheets to manufacturing purchasers of the chemicals. By RELEVANT_____ PARTIALLY RELEVANT_____ NOT RELEVANT_____ 5/25/86, all manufacturing employers classified in the SIC codes 20-39 must comply with all requirements of the standard. These requirements include proper labeling of hazardous materials in the workplace, supplying access to safety data sheets at all times, provide training and information to employees regarding chemicals in their workplace at the time of their initial assignment and whenever new hazards are introduced and development and implementation of a written hazard communication program for the workplace. Article discusses the specification for classifying hazardous materials or hazard determination, handling of material safety sheets, labeling standards, training requirements, formulation of a written plan and federal preemption of state work right-to-know laws.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *regulation

Y037016 21
1267968
EPA details strategy to control hazardous air emissions. Chemical & Engineering News October 28, 1985 p. 16-17
Environmental Protection Agency has unveiled its new 3-part program for controlling hazardous air emissions. The 1st part involves chemical emergency and preparedness planning and better coordination among the responsible agencies. The formal air toxics strategy proposal will include a guidance document for local and state authorities on handling emergencies. Environmental Protection Agency will give seminars and training programs on implementing the plan. The 2nd aspect of the plan involves regional environmental monitoring. Environmental Protection Agency will perform a multimedia survey of all pollutants in metropolitan areas to determine exposure levels and prepare a list of chemicals that pose the greatest risk. The 3rd part of the program involves federal, state and local cooperation. Environmental Protection Agency has established a computer-based clearinghouse for information on dealing with air toxics and a referral program of technical and financial support to help control local pollution sources that do not require federal regulation.
*1USA *United States *4954000 *Air Pollution Control *93 *regulation

Y037016 22
1264469
Chemical Makers Prepare to Comply With New Rules. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition October 15, 1985 p. 1
A new law requires chemical companies to fully disclose the nature of their products to users. As of 11/25/85, chemical manufacturers must comply with the new hazard communication standard of the Occupational Health and Safety Administration. The law requires chemical firms to label containers and provide data sheets to manufacturers who use chemicals. Worker training sessions must begin by 5/25/86. Some states will adopt laws tougher than those proposed by OSHA. Texas, for example, requires disclosure of hazardous materials to the community as well as manufacturers. Some companies, such as Dow Chemical and Union Carbide, plan to begin their worker training sessions well ahead of the deadline.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 23
1264206
'Olive branch' activity prevails after Institute. Chemical Week October 16, 1985 p. 90-91
Union Carbide hopes to reduce plant emissions 30-50 percent in 3 years and has already cut emissions of its 35 most hazardous chemicals 79 percent or 3.6 million pound/yr. Inventories of these chemicals have been reduced 74 percent or 39 million pound. Carbide has increased cleanup spending to $220 million, mainly to reduce plant emissions. Due to the human errors involved in the Institute, West Virginia, accidents, the firm is intensifying its efforts to retrain plant employees and balance out technical and operations personnel. It has also established a manufacturing office to coordinate world plant activities. CMA's Community Awareness and Emergency Response Program (CAER), designed to increase the involvement of chemical plant managers in information handling and planning emergency response programs for plant communities, has been widely accepted by chemical companies and 1, 700 plant managers have undergone training sessions, according to JC Holtzman of CMA. Some chemical firms are trying to improve community relations at plant locations. Others, such as Dow Chemical and Hoechst (W Germany), are introducing a series of ads to improve their public images.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *42 *pollution; *Union Carbide; Duns No: *00-128-9008; Ticker: *UK; CUSIP: *905581

Y037016 24
1264192
No letup on right to know. Chemical Week October 16, 1985 p. 15
Wolverine World Wide's Tru-Stitch Footwear Division is being sued by Attorney Gen R Abrams for 4 violations of right-to-know laws at its 5 plants at Malone, New York. Tru-Stitch allegedly failed to instruct and train its workers on handling hazardous substances, did not maintain proper records of worker exposure and neglected to post required right-to-know signs in its plants. Abrams is seeking $40, 000 in penalties and has ordered Wolverine to correct the violations. The suit was filed on behalf of Wolverine's cementers who glue soles onto slippers. The workers are exposed to hazardous chemicals such as MEK in poorly ventilated areas without being protected by respirators. Federal regulations require employees who are exposed to MEK at 1, 000 parts per million concentrations to wear respirators.
Abrams' case against Consolidated Edison over alleged use of oil that contained printed circuit boards is still pending. Employees claimed that they were ordered to burn contaminated oil. Pymm Thermometer allegedly failed to warn or protect workers against mercury exposure. New York State has charged that Vulcan Fuel and Resin Optics fired workers who requested workplace hazard information and training in the safe handling of these materials.
*1USA *United States *3140000 *Nonrubber Footwear *93 *regulation; *Wolverine World Wide; Duns No: *00-601-5069; Ticker: *WWW; CUSIP: *978097

Y037016 25
1251642
Transporting dangerous goods: the new laws. Process Industries Canada (formerly Canadian Chemical Processing) September 1985 p. 60-65
Canada: New regulations governing the transport of hazardous goods have taken effect. Shipments by all carriers are now regulated by a single set of laws rather than the maze of separate rules for various carriers. Thus, no changes will be needed in documentation or classification when a cargo is transferred from 1 type of transport to another. Hazardous materials must now be classified into 1 of 9 categories, with special labeling and documentation requirements. The originator of each shipment must provide all necessary information to shippers. Training and certification will be required for handlers of hazardous goods. Rules have also been formulated to govern interprovincial waste shipments and emergency response plans. Implementation of the regulations on 7/1/85 was made difficult by the publishing of some amendments only 3 d earlier. Companies must now produce their own emergency response plans, or have them formulated on a contract basis. Bugs in the new regulations must still be worked out.
*2CAN *Canada *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *93 *regulation

Y037016 26
1247787
CMA develops two community programs. Adhesives Age September 1985 p. 44
The CMA has developed 2 new programs to aid the chemical industry in emergency planning, community health and safety protection procedures and to provide hazard information to the public. The programs were developed in response to OSHA Hazard Communication Standard that will take effect  11/5/85. Health and safety information will be made available to communities where chemical manufacturing takes place, including instruction for response to chemical emergencies and a hazard information program to train those who are 1st to respond to chemical emergencies. The new programs, CAER (community awareness and emergency response) and NRIC are designed to enable dispersion of chemical related information to the community. CHEMTREC will continue to provide emergency response personnel and information and will expand to handle nontransport emergencies. CHEMNET will provide on-site assistance via a mutual aid network of industry and emergency response teams. The Chemical Referral Center will be a source for nonemergency information on chemical hazards. The Emergency Response Training program will provide training materials to industry personnel, firefighters, police and other emergency personnel.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *36 *services data

Y037016 27
1245222
Safety: The top issue at AlChE. Chemical Week September 4, 1985 p. 13, 14
The problem of safe operating procedures in the chemical industry is helping the risk assessment business. The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) will begin fund raising for its planned Center for Chemical Plant Safety in 9/85. The center's 1st project, to develop acceptable industry procedures for evaluating hazards, is almost finished. The center will also address the issues of bulk storage and handling of toxic or reactive materials, safety training and plant operating procedures. AIChE has introduced a series of computer models that will enable engineers to size emergency relief systems from simple measurements. The technology was developed by the Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems under AIChE's auspices. Some $1.6 million was spent to study the dynamics of emergency relief systems. According to CC Burns of Stone and Webster Engineering, before the Bhopal tragedy the chemical industry was not interested in projects that would link risk analysis to an emergency response plan. But concern over potential regulation has made companies more self-policing. Article discusses fault-tree analysis as a way to analyze potential accidents that could release toxic materials.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *23 *productn mgmt

Y037016 28
1241557
Chemistry industry initiatives announced. Plastics Engineering August 1985 p. 6
New chemical industry initiatives will increase public access to hazard information under the Community Awareness and Emergency Response (CAER) program and the National Chemical Response and Information Center, according to CMA chairman EC Holmer. The National Chemical Reponse and Information Center will coordinate responses to requests for emergency and nonemergency information on chemicals and training for emergency service personnel at the local level. It will built around the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center (Chemtrec), the industry's 14- year old transportation emergency hotline service. Chemtrec provides information on chemicals to emergency service personnel.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *29 *public affairs

Y037016 29
1238996
Carbide leak highlights defects in systems handling toxic matter. New York Times (National Edition) August 19, 1985 p. 1, 12
Up to 50, 000 processing units at US chemical plants are not designed to prevent the leaking of hazardous substances if chemical processes get out of control, according to industry consultants. The possibility that defective systems could lead to a health emergency is small, because many human and equipment errors would have to occur sequentially to result in such an event and only 1 percent of the 5 million chemical processing units in the US handle hazardous materials that could lead to a runaway reaction. Leading chemical company and engineering society representatives have recommended changes in emergency systems for the processing of hazardous chemicals, after studying the issue for 10 years. The recommendations will be incorporated in a new manual of standards to be published in early 1986. The changes involve ways to relieve potentially dangerous increases in pressure and temperature in the processing of hazardous materials. Few firms have installed the necessary equipment due to ignorance, lack of technical expertise and high cost. As yet, such changes have not been required by government regulatory agencies or industry association. According to I Swift of Fike Technical Services, of over 100 emergency relief systems that he has checked in the past 10 years, all were inadequate and were too small to handle the flow of material resulting from very high temperatures and pressures. He believes that the cost of solving the design problems could reach $2 billion. Union Carbide spent $5 million to upgrade safety equipment used in the production of methyl isocyanate at its Institute, West Virginia, plant. Experts believe that emergency and safety systems are not given higher priority by the chemical industry because chemical engineering undergraduates are not required to study them. According to HG Fisher, a specialist in emergency systems, safety systems are not regarded as a design specialty in the chemical industry. Chemical industry experts are also worried about the failure of many firms to establish rigorous accident training programs for operators. Article discusses the recent accident at Union Carbide's Institute, West Virginia, plant.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *34 *product specs

Y037016 30
1235562
New law to affect firms that use naphthenic oils. Rubber & Plastics News July 15, 1985 p. 17
OSHA has ruled that any product containing over 0.1 percent of untreated naphthenic oils must be listed on material safety data sheets as containing a carcinogen. The regulations, effective 11/85, also require manufacturers to include warning labels with ingredient information on materials found to be hazardous, and to conduct information and safety training programs to help employees understand the health effects of naphthenic oils. Naphthenic oils are used extensively as extenders in tire and rubber product production.
*1USA *United States *2911812 *Naphthenic Oils *93 *regulation

Y037016 31
1230829
OSHA hazard communication standard: Major requirements for ink makers. American Inkmaker July 1985 p. 36, 37
A summary of the requirements of OSHA's new Hazard Communication Standard is presented by the National Association of Printing Ink Mfrs. Article discusses a written hazard communication program, hazard determination, material safety data sheets, employee information and training and a hazardous materials identification system.
*1USA *United States *2893000 *Printing Ink *93 *regulation

Y037016 32
1210768
Court decision--'victory for paint'. American Paint & Coatings Journal June 17, 1985 p. 7, 8
The Hazard Communication Rule issued by OSHA in 11/83 preempts all state and local worker right-to-know laws in the manufacturing sector, according to a ruling by the US Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. A suit by the United Steelworkers had challenged several provisions of the standard, inlcuding its preemptive authority. The National Paint and Coatings Association intervened on behalf of OSHA, and its counsel JA Doyle is calling the court ruling a major victory for the paint industry. OSHA will be required to expand application of the standard beyond Standard Industrial Codes 20-39, which deal with manufacturing, unless it provides the court with good reasons for not doing so. The standard's trade secrets provisions will have to be revised to include access by employees, their representatives and other nonhealth professionals. The provisions will no longer protect chemical identity. Doyle believes some states will ignore the court ruling and go ahead with their own right-to-know laws. NPCA will file motions to enjoin them from enforcing those laws.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *regulation

Y037016 33
1196729
Brock Taking 'Intense Look' at OSHA, Says Improvement Needed in Job Safety. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition May 9, 1985
p. 16
Labor Secretary W Brock will take an intense look at OSHA, which has been criticized for failing to regulate workplace hazards adequately. An ambitious agenda has been set to help put unemployed people to work and add strength to worker safety, pension and other labor programs. Brock has indicated that OSHA can do better at reducing workplace risks. In addition, he is lobbying in Congress for passage of a summer subminimum wage for teen-agers that is seen as a partial answer to minority youth unemployement.
*1USA *United States *9125300 *Occupational Safety & Health Adm *22 *planning-info

Y037016 34
1195464
Court to OSHA: Rewrite right-to-know. Chemical Week June 5, 1985 p. 9, 10
A federal appeals court has upheld OSHA's authority to preempt state right-to-know laws, but has ordered the agency to rewrite key provisions of the standard issued in late 1983. The court stated that it did not think that OSHA's standard provided enough protection for workers, while it might have overprotected company trade secrets. The standard requires manufacturing firms to inform workers of potential health risks from hazardous substances through training and labeling programs that must describe potential problems and outline procedures for reducing risk. The chemical industry is glad that the standard will override state actions. State officials support the part of the ruling that allows workers to gain access to trade secret data. Previously OSHA had limited access to trade secrets to health professionals only. It is unlikely that OSHA will appeal the court ruling, because it must now begin rewriting provisions defining trade secrets to make them wider in scope. However, the court upheld the portion of the standard allowing employers to require anyone seeking trade secret data in nonemergency situations to sign a confidentiality agreement with a liquidated damages clause.
*1USA *United States *9125300 *Occupational Safety & Health Adm *93 *regulation

Y037016 35
1193271
Dealing with right-to-know laws. American Inkmaker May 1985 p. 24-28
A major consideration for companies planning compliance with OSHA's hazard communication standard is whether it preempts local and state right-to-know laws or whether they will have to comply with local as well as federal standards, according to KA Bownes of Inmont. One big difference between state and local standards and the OSHA standard is that the OSHA standard only applies to the workplace. The local and state laws frequently involve members of the community and fire and police depts. A community or state can regulate issues covered by OSHA's standard only by adopting and getting OSHA approval for a new state plan or an amendment to an existing state plan. Right-to-know laws have been adopted by 18 states and 31 localities. It is probable that when OSHA's standard takes effect it will be regarded as preempting right-to-know laws in non-state-plan states, at least as far as they effect the working conditions of employees in the manufacturing sector. OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard is performance-oriented, meaning that its requirements are given in terms of the goals to be achieved rather than the exact procedures to be used. Article discusses the OSHA standard and reviews product labeling, a system of numerical ratings to denote the severity of health, flammability and reactivity hazards, and implementation and communication.
*1USA *United States *9108633 *Product Safety Regulation NEC *94 *regulation

Y037016 36
1191340
Job safety agency accused of laxity by panel in House. New York Times (National edition) May 24, 1985 p. 26
OSHA has been 'grossly inadequate' in protecting workers hired to clean up toxic waste sites, according to the House Government Operations Committee. OSHA reportedly inspected only 37 of the thousands of potentially dangerous sites in the US in 1984.
*1USA *United States *9125300 *Occupational Safety & Health Adm *93 *regulation

Y037016 37
1181408
Chemical plant safety: AIChE plans center to study issues. Chemical & Engineering News April 29, 1985 p. 6
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers will set up a Center for Chemical Plant Safety due to safety concerns stemming from the Bhopal accident. The center will concern itself with hazard evaluation procedures, safety training, bulk storage and handling of toxic or reactive materials and plant operating procedures. Initially it will promulgate acceptable industry practices for hazard evaluation procedures. The center's budget will be about $1 million/yr. Its objective is to use the expertise of chemical engineers and professionals in related disciplines to evaluate existing procedures and research new technologies that can improve safety in processing, storage and handling of toxic or reactive materials.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *23 *productn mgmt

Y037016 38
1180038
Plant safety center set in wake of Bhopal disaster. Chemical Marketing Reporter April 29, 1985 p. 5
The American Institute of Chemical Engineers has formed a center for chemical plant safety to address hazard evaluation procedures, bulk storage and handling of toxic or reactive materials, plant operating procedures and safety training. The center, formed in the wake of the Bhopal, India, disaster, will minimize risks to chemical industry employees and the general public.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *36 *services data

Y037016 39
1180035
Chemical transport called safer now because of program. Chemical Marketing Reporter April 29, 1985 p. 4
The Motor Carrier Safety Program has favorably affected transportation safety of billions of pounds of hazardous and nonhazardous chemicals moving by truck, according to American Trucking Association, CMA and National Tank Truck Carriers. The audit reviewed driver training, emergency response capabilities, equipment maintenance, cargo tank inspection and testing, incident communications and safety organization.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 40
1179417
A headache for newspapers. Editor & Publisher April 6, 1985 p. 38, 39
OSHA standards on the use of hazardous chemicals are confusing to the newspaper industry. Right-to-know laws generally require businesses using hazardous chemicals to notify employees of possible effects and to provide training in using them. Questions have arisen about regulations and the extent to which they will be applied at state and federal levels. The regulations directly require additional paperwork and related administrative costs, but could result in indirect costs for consulting and testing. Article details the OSHA standard and its implications in the newspaper industry.
*1USA *United States *2711000 *Newspapers *93 *regulation

Y037016 41
1178073
Chemical plant safety center set. New York Times (National edition) April 24, 1985 p. 13
The Center for Chemical Plant Safety will be formed to improve procedures for dealing with hazardous chemicals by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. It will have a budget of $1 million per year provided from grants from the government, industry and foundations. A board drawn from industry, government and universities will advise the new center. Unions may also play a role in the new safety center. The engineers will study hazard evaluation procedures, bulk storage and handling of hazardous materials, plant operating procedures and safety training.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *36 *services data

Y037016 42
1170029
Newspapers must comply with new chemical regulations. Editor & Publisher March 16, 1985 p. 31
Newspapers must inform employees of hazardous chemicals in the workplace under new federal right-to-know laws that go into effect 5/25/86. OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard requires employers to provide information on all the chemicals they use. Other provisions include maintaining a list of hazardous chemicals; collecting and making available to employees suppliers' material safety data sheets on hazardous chemicals; maintaining proper labels and signs; training employees on chemicals, exposures, toxic effects, handling, protection and emergency procedures; and setting up a written hazard communication program. The American Newspaper Publishers Association has recommended that papers compile a list of chemicals used, contacting manufacturers to request material safety data sheets, and reviewing state right-to-know laws, if in force, to determine if further action is needed.
*1USA *United States *2711000 *Newspapers *93 *regulation

Y037016 43
1167810
Special effects from a polyfunctional alcohol. Chemical Week April 3, 1985 p. 16
Rosco Laboratories has introduced a nontoxic, nonflammable smoke and fog fluid for special effects use in movies. Commonly used pyrotechnic smoke, produced by smoke pots or smoke bombs, and oil smoke, made by vaporizing kerosene or mineral oil in an aerosol generator, has occasionally resulted in complaints of eye and throat irritation from personnel working in the smoke. Petroleum-based fluids produce an oily cloud that, when inhaled, can coat the lungs and cause respiratory problems. With the aid of a special 'fogging' machine, 1 L of the polyfunctional alcohol-containing fluid produces up to 100, 000 cubic feet of smoke, including a swirling fog or light haze. Fire depts have begun using the smoke fluid and fogging machines for training exercises. The material has been proved safe 'even beyond OSHA's standards' for airborne contaminants.
*1USA *United States *2899000 *Chemical Products NEC *33 *products; *Rosco Laboratories

Y037016 44
1162708
Bhopal: A leak in chemical coverage. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) February 1985 p. 7
The Bhopal disaster will affect chemical company insurance coverage, reducing availability and increasing the cost, according to P Reid of Alewander and Alexander International. The insurance industry, plagued by low profit margins, severe underwriting losses and low interest rates, had been reevaluating corporate insurance policies even before Bhopal. The insurance crisis will have a devastating effect on multinational firms such as Union Carbide, especially those that produce hazardous materials abroad. Most chemical firms have policies that are split among several brokers, with brokers accepting risk in layers, for which they become liable only if the claims climb to the level at which they are responsible. If the Bhopal disaster was caused by human error, insurance firms might require more stringent training programs. If equipment was at fault, insurers will probably want improved safety equipment. Most observers say that Carbide will be able to handle any compensation claims, but punitive damages may be harder for the company to bear. Suits have already been filed against Carbide, which will argue that the case should be heard in India, rather than in the US.
*1USA *United States *6330800 *Product Liability Insurance *36 *services data

Y037016 45
1156482
Health and safety management: Working with right-to-know. Modern Casting February 1985 p. 22, 23
American Steel Foundries (Chicago, Illinois) has modified its training programs to meet the requirements of Illinois' 'Right-to-Know' laws. The well-planned programs at 4 plants are also helping to prepare for the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. Suppliers have given the purchasing department Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) describing potentially hazardous materials. Safe job procedures were modified to include information on health hazards and specific job safety precautions. Employees are kept informed of recent developments via books, periodicals and seminars on dealing safely with hazardous materials. Employee training and labeling have reduced the likelihood of errors, accidents and injuries and may prevent employee exposure and environmental and regulatory problems. The MSDS give objective information on control costs in relation to the cost of alternative materials.
*1USA *United States *3743300 *Rail & Transit Cars NEC & Parts *28 *personnel admin; *American Steel Foundries

Y037016 46
1150355
Methyl isocyanate facilities in US found safe. Chemical & Engineering News February 25, 1985 p. 8
The possibility of an uncontrolled reaction involving methyl isocyanate in the US is extremely remote, according to OSHA, which conducted a 10- week investigation of safety practices at 1 plant where MIC is made and 4 where it is used, including Union Carbide's plants at Institute, West Virginia, and Woodbine, Georgia, FMC's Middleport, New York, plant, Morton Chemical's plant at New Iberia, Louisiana, and DuPont's plant at La Porte, Texas. All of the plants were well equipped to deal with MIC leaks and spills and worker protection and training were more than adequate in all but 1 case. All plants were found to have good emergency response plans. OSHA found that the plants' redundant safety systems would prevent a substantial release of MIC into the atmosphere if an uncontrolled reaction occurred.>
*1USA *United States *2868761 *Methyl Isocyanate *32 *mfr processes

Y037016 47
1146751
SIDE LIGHTS: Dangerous Scrap Data Poses Dealer Challenge. American Metal Market January 23, 1985 p. 14
Scrap dealers and the Institute of Scrap Iron and Steel are trying to take steps to cope with the right-to-know issue. With the right-to-know laws, dealers must obtain from suppliers a data sheet (MSDS) of the hazardous materials in the products purchased and must keep the MSDS on file indefinitely and provide access not only to employees but also to related parties as union officials and personal attorneys and doctors. There are similarities between the state right-to-know laws and previous edicts of OSHA requiring employers to allow workers access to lists noting hazardous substances in the workplace; scrap processors are required to be more 'active, ' including putting together a training course to teach employees the safest way of dealing with the substances, forwarding MSDS to customers, and in some states, labeling containers holding toxic substances. According to DM Wassum, ISIS, director of safety, the laws' biggest impact on scrap processors will be in the early months of adapting to them. Among other steps ISIS is taking on the issue is supplying its ferrous scrap members with standard MSDS forms for use in selling scrap to customers. The types of hazardous materials that will be individually identified will be those elements making up 2 percent+ of the scrap's content.>
*1USA *United States *5093000 *Scrap & Waste Materials Whsle *94 *regulation

Y037016 48
1145282
Hazard communication labeling and training. Adhesives Age February 1985 p. 22-24
The Hazard Communication Standard will give employees enough information about the possible hazards of substances that they work with to protect themselves from accidents, injury or illness. This right-to-know law goes into effect in 11/85. Chemical manufacturers and importers must assess the physical and health hazards associated with their chemicals, and provide employers and employees in a manufacturing sector with this information in the form of material safety data sheets and container labels explaining the hazards of each product. Employers in manufacturing industries (SIC Codes 20-39) must have hazard communication programs in place by 5/25/86. These programs must include container labeling, material safety data sheets for employees and employee safety training program. The programs must be described in written form, including a list of hazardous chemicals in each work area. A plan for communicating the hazards involved in nonroutine tasks, such as cleaning storage tanks, must be provided. Methods of informing contractors working in manufacturing areas of hazards to which their employees may be exposed must be listed. Article discusses the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard in detail.>
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 49
1134415
The disaster in Bhopal: Workers recall horror.
#New York Times (National edition) January 30, 1985 p. 1, 6
Union Carbide's Bhopal, India, methyl isocyanate disaster is discussed in terms of management and equipment in the 2nd of a series. Union Carbide's technical manual for methyl isocyanate points out the hazards of the chemical, and states that it 'may cause pulmonary edema, ' an accumulation of fluid in the lungs. However, while the manual was distributed to managers that handle methyl isocyanate and was seen by some of the workers, most of the factory's employees did not read or understand it. A refrigeration unit designed to keep the methyl isocyanate (MIC) cool and nonreactive had been shut off, and the MIC was warmer than the manual suggests. The staff and its training had been reduced, and important instruments, including pressures gages, were unreliable. A gas neutralizer and flare tower to burn off gas were not designed to withstand the pressure the MIC had reached, and a water spray system was not high enough to reach and contain the escaping MIC. In addition, the storage tank had been overfilled. Article discusses plant operations the day of the disaster, and includes a map of the plant.
*9IND *India *2868761 *Methyl Isocyanate *44 *facilities; *Union Carbide; Duns No: *00-128-9008; Ticker: *UK; CUSIP: *905581

Y037016 50
1128479
Congressional outlook '85.
#Chemical & Engineering News January 14, 1985 p. 10-15
Congress must address a number of issues in 1985, including the budget and safety regulation of the chemical industry. The federal budget deficit will be the top priority, with the Admin proposing a spending freeze and cuts for some civilian programs. Simple budget cutting may not be enough to eliminate the federal deficit, since the budget cannot be balanced even by eliminating the Depts of Education, Health & Human Services, Labor, Agriculture, Energy, Interior and Transportation. The budget could be balanced by eliminating either the Defense Dept or Social Security and Medicare combined. Proposals for tax hikes are variations on the flat tax, which will close many current loopholes. The Admin will request funds for binary chemical weapons in the FY86 budget, and the potential use of genetic engineering in biological weapons research will be examined. Congress must act on only a few items concerning energy policy, including regional pacts to dispose of low-level radioactive wastes. Little further action is expected on gas deregulation or Synthetic Fuels Corp. The Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act, Superfund, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide & Rodenticide Act and Toxic Substances Control Act are all due for renewal in 1985. New export control policy will be debated, as will proposals to improve govt efficiency. Congress may consider whether communities have the right to know what chemicals are produced within their boundaries and whether emergency response plans should be mandatory in case of an accident. A bill to reorganize NIH, which was vetoed in 1984, may be introduced, and amendments to food safety laws could be considered. Congress may also consider regulating products of genetic engineering.
*1USA *United States *9100000 *National Government *90 *govt expenditures

Y037016 51
1125237
Disaster at Indian Plant Renews Concern Over US Rules on Transporting Poisons. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition December 20, 1984 p. 6
The poison-gas leak in Bhopal is renewing concerns about the adequacy of federal regulations governing hazardous materials transportation in the US. The Natl Transportation Safety board indicated that under current federal regulations chemical companies could ship the chemical involved in the Bhopal disaster, methyl isocyanate, in railroad tankers or trucks that are only moderately protected. Transportation Dept classifies methyl isocyanate as a flammable liquid requiring a considerably lower level of safety precautions than class A poisons. In addition, Transportation Dept has no regulations governing rail shipments of perchlorethylene even though its leakage following a 1982 train derailment in Livingston, LA, forced a 2-wk evacuation and caused $10 mil to clean up. The safety board maintains that Transportation Dept's system to classify hazardous materials does not reflect real threats posed by different substances. The system is based mostly on actual accident experience and ignores more sophisticated analytical tools that are currently available.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 52
1119397
Court voids noise level amendment. Business Insurance November 19, 1984 p. 2, 32
The OSHA noise exposure standard of 1971 is not binding on employers, a federal court ruled. However, most large corporations have already met the new standards. The amendment, which became effective 3/1/84, specified permissible noise exposure for employees to 85 dB, down from the previous 90 dB level. Employers were also charged to monitor noise in the workplace and conduct employee hearing tests of those exposed to louder noise than the standard. Firms were also required to present education in hearing conservation and keep records of these programs. The amendment elaborated on the original 1971 standard. The standard was challenged on the basis that hearing loss could be caused by factors outside the workplace, and did not address the problem of workplace hazards. No penalties were levied for failure to have an effective hearing conservation program.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *regulation

Y037016 53
1115803
Bhopal: The endless aftershocks. Chemical Week December 19, 1984 p. 33-42
World: Chemical industry execs are taking a look at their operations following the accident at Union Carbide India's Bhopal plant. and govt officials are seeking ways to prevent similar tragedies. Union Carbide (US) and its Indian subsidiary have offered to provide $1.84 mil in emergency aid to victims of the accident. OSHA sent teams of investigators to Carbide's plants at Institute, WV, and Woodbine, GA, to examine safety practices and plans to investigate the operations of other chemical firms that use methyl isocyanate to produce pesticides. A House Energy & Commerce subcommitte will hold hearings on EPA's activities to prevent chemical accidents in the US. Carbide is the only US producer of methyl isocyanate (MIC), and Bayer (W Germany) the sole European producer. According to SRI Intnl, US consumption of MIC reached 23-28 mil lb in 1982, although capacity is nearly 50 mil lb. Several US pesticide producers buy MIC from Union Carbide for use as an intermediate in methomyl, carbofuran and other pesticides. Carbide requires its customers to rigorously train their workers on the safe handling and storage of MIC and will not sell to any firm that violates procedures during operation or cleanup. FMC do Brasil will probably delay start-up of its $5 mil, 500 m tpy carbofuran plant in Uberaba, Brazil, due to the Bhopal accident. The plant was scheduled to open in 1/85. Article discusses liability insurance coverage for the chemical industry, methyl isocyanate processes and US pesticides based on methyl isocyanate.
*0 W *World *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *23 *productn mgmt

Y037016 54
1115730
US Chemical Disclosure-Law Efforts Getting Boost From Tragedy in Bhopal. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition December 14, 1984 p. 22
The Bhopal tragedy is boosting efforts to enact state and local right-to-know laws regarding hazardous chemicals. Business groups oppose such measures arguing that they should not have to comply with varying requirements when federal rules addressing disclosure will take effect in 1985. But labor and environmental groups insist that the federal measures, set up by OSHA, do not go far enough. OSHA will require less detailed labeling of chemical containers than some local laws or proposed laws. They require workers be supplied with information and training but do not address community or public access. The local laws generally require firms to label hazardous chemicals and to inform workers about potential hazards. They also often require employers to train workers to deal with spills, leaks or other accidents that must in turn be reported to authorities.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 55
1109200
Design and operate waste incinerators. Hydrocarbon Processing October 1984 p. 47-49
Guidelines for design and operation of incinerators for disposal of chemical wastes are presented by W Hudson and KC Lee of Union Carbide. All incinerators that process hazardous waste must meet the following RCRA regulations: the efficiency of destroying and removing principal organic hazardous constituents must be at least 99.99%; the concentration of particulate emissions must not exceed 180 mg/m3, and efficiency of scrubbing hydrogen chloride from the flue gas must be 99%. The efficiency of destroying organic compounds depends strongly on incinerator design and operation, not on time and temperature. Achieving turbulent mixing in the incinerator is the most important factor in good destruction efficiency. Design and operating considerations must take into account physical and chemical properties of the waste, atomization equipment, the waste-air mixing pattern and potential operating problems. Procedures for designing, installing and operating an incineration system that meets RCRA specifications include waste characterization, preliminary test burn, preliminary engineering assessment, engineering design and equipment purchase, operator training and start-up, and burn test and permit applications. Union Carbide has developed an incineration system to treat waste from chlorinated hydrocarbon herbicide production. Article discusses potential operating problems, results of the preliminary test burn, waste characterization, engineering and purchasing and training and start-up.
*1USA *United States *3569271 *Refuse Incinerators *34 *product specs

Y037016 56
1108032
OSHA: Have noise rules been silenced permanently?. Industry Week (formerly Steel Magazine) November 26, 1984 p. 27, 28
An OSHA rule requiring the use of protective equipment in noisy workplaces has been struck down by an Appeals Court. The rule would have also mandated monitoring and training of employees. It is surprising the rule was struck down because even OSHA's harshest critics had no problems with it. The case involved a suit brought by the Forging Industry Assn and the National Arborist Assn. The ruling states that OSHA cannot require employers to protect workers from non-occupational noise sources. Industry observers believe this court decision signals the beginning of the end of the regulation of safety and health.
*1USA *United States *4955000 *Noise Abatement *93 *regulation 1USA United States 9913700 Environmental Management 93 regulation

Y037016 57
1106697
Keeping chemical records on track. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) November 1984 p. 47-49
The chemical industry must keep track of its chemicals to satisfy govt regulations. Some regulatory agencies offer on-site evaluation services to help firms satisfy regulatory requirements. For example, OSHA offers aid in detecting workplace hazards for firms too small to have their own in-house monitoring programs. Some private firms offer similar services, without the risk of having citations issued when the inspector finds violations, and may be able to provide more comprehensive services than the govt agencies. Dynamac (Rockville, MD) offers employee training, risk assessment for individual chemicals, and plant inspections. Occupational Health Services (Secaucus, NJ) offers a hazardous chemical database with first-aid and antidote information and applicable federal laws. SunHealth (Wayne, PA) offers data on employee medical records, industrial hygiene data, proper safety techniques, occupational illness and injury data, material safety data, employee profiles and work history, and an inventory of all hazardous chemicals used at a site. Pollution control data are also offered. Diamond Shamrock's Computerized Occupational Health & Environmental Surveillance System (COHESS) can record employee history and medical records, exposure monitoring data and a list of materials used.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *94 *regulation

Y037016 58
1105390
Monsanto's alachlor hit by EPA. Chemical Marketing Reporter November 26, 1984 p. 3, 14
Monsanto's alachlor herbicide is being restricted by EPA, which has determined that current use poses risks to public health. Stricter controls may be imposed in 1985. Monsanto produces alachlor under the name Lasso, and it is used by 500, 000 farmers to kill weeds in soybean and corn crops. It is the most widely used herbicide in the US. According to an EPA review of the data base for alachlor, the chemical caused nasal, bronchial and thyroid tumors in mice and rats. Because of the risk of cancer, Monsanto will be required to begin an education and training program for users, include a tumor hazard warning statement on the label, cancel aerial applications, establish protective clothing requirements and carry out a monitoring study of ground and surface water. Alachlor will undergo a special review process. EPA believes the potential cancer risk to persons working with alachlor is significant, based on its review of the available toxicity and exposure studies. Alachlor has been discovered in groundwater in Iowa and Nebraska, an indication of its leaching potential. Over 90 mil lb/yr of Lasso and other herbicides based on alachlor are used in the US. According to a chemical industry financial analyst, Lasso and Roundup herbicides accounted for over 50% of Mananto's $402 mil earnings in 1983. The company's total 1983 sales reached $6.3 bil.
*1USA *United States *2879600 *Herbicides *94 *regulation; *Monsanto; Duns No: *00-626-6803; Ticker: *MTC; CUSIP: *611662

Y037016 59
1098727
Three occupational health and safety issues challenge the paint industry. American Paint & Coatings Journal October 22, 1984 p. 43, 44
Occupational health and safety issues that challenge the paint industry include the neurotoxic effects of solvents, the toxicity of paint combustion products and hazard communication, according to DW Smith of Pratt & Lambert and the Natl Paint & Coatings Assn (NPCA). The reversible symptoms of overexposure to solvents include dizziness, nausea, headaches, giddiness and sleepiness. The irreversible effects of long-term exposure include loss of memory, personality change, peripheral neuropathy and intellectual decline. These effects show up years after the 1st exposure. Scandinavian studies have shown that painters exposed to solvents in paints have experienced neurological deficits. NPCA will soon issue precautionary labeling guidance for solvent-containing coatings. It is also working with other organizations to develop educational and training programs for professional paint users. NPCA is developing a program to control solvent exposure in paint plants, and planning research to verify the extent and magnitude of neurotoxic problems linked to solvents. The toxicity of paint combustion products is also being investigated. Most fire-related deaths are caused by toxic gases. NPCA believes that paint combustion products provide an insignificant contribution to the toxicity of fire-generated gases vs the contribution from furniture, draperies, bedding and floor coverings. NPCA a is sponsoring a study of the toxicity of combustion products. Article also discusses NPCA's reaction to the OSHA Hazard Communication Rule.
*1USA *United States *2850000 *Paints & Allied Products *35 *product standards

Y037016 60
1097395
'Incredible advances' in worker safety and health. Chemical Week November 7, 1984 p. 44
General Motors and Ford Motor will establish funds for training, education and research on hazardous materials. Contracts with the United Auto Workers call for the funds.
*1USA *United States *3711000 *Motor Vehicles *28 *personnel admin;
*General Motors; Duns No: *00-535-6613; Ticker: *GM; CUSIP: *370442 1USA United States 3711000 Motor Vehicles 28 personnel admin; Ford Motor; Duns No: 00-134-4746; Ticker: F; CUSIP: 345370

Y037016 61
1091741
Chemical Shipments Get Top Grades. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) July 1984 p. 26-29
The chemical industry has received high marks from law enforcement officials for their fast response and assistance in chemical transport accidents. However, training and certification of response teams needs to be standardized, while states should organize regional hazmat (hazardous materials) teams. Existing laws on labelling hazardous materials need to be more effectively enforced nd federal oversight of hazardous incidents should be coordinated under 1 agency. The deregulation of the trucking industry also has resulted in such competition that some truckers take shortcuts on safety and maintenance. Hazardous materials under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1974 includes flammable and combustible materials, explosives, poisons, oxidizing and corrosive agents, compressed gases, radioactive materials and disease-causing organisms. Chemtrec is a hotline founded by the Chemical Manufacturers Assn which provides 24-hr service for information on the chemicals involved in spills and puts authorities in contact with the producer and shipper. However, it can take up to 20 min for the shipping company to call the scene of the fire with detailed information on the chemical involved. UK Chemdata system supplies fire brigades with micro-computer disks listing the properties of 30, 000 chemicals and producers' names and emergency phone numbers for each substance. The industry sees Chemtrec being maintained as a back-up to such a system.
*1USA *United States *2800610 *Toxic Chemical Wastes *42 *pollution

Y037016 62
1090011
Ontario Hydro goes after US nuclear servicing deal. Financial Post October 6, 1984 p. 34
Ontario Hydro and Spar Aerospace will jointly service nuclear power plants, including remote handling of hazardous materials and nuclear plant personnel training with telerobotics. Spar is building a remote-controlled hydraulic manipulator to remotely position large tools for the later stages of retubing Ontario's Pickering reactors, a C$450 mil job. Robotic tools developed by Spar, Atomic Energy of Canada, and Canadian General Electric will dismantle and replace radioactive pressure tubes at Pickering from a safe, shielded distance. The equipment will be used at Pickering in 1984-87, then be available to other reactor operators on a loan or rent basis. Hydro paid Spar some $20 mil prior to 7/1/84 to develop the manipulating arm, to be ready in 1985. Hydro will pay Atomic Energy Canada C$28 mil and CGE C$28 mil to supply 150 different tools to retube Pickering units. AEC is supplying tools to fit and secure new tubes, while CGE is supplying equipment to cut out and remove irradiated tubing.
*2CAN *Canada *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *14 *parents-jt venture; *Ontario Hydro 2CAN Canada 4953700 Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl 14 parents-jt venture; Spar Aerospace; Ticker: SPRB; CUSIP: 846499 2CAN Canada 4953700 Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl 14 parents-jt venture

Y037016 63
1082536
R/D NEWS IN BRIEF: Center for fire and hazardous materials research is set up on campus of Univ of Akron. Research & Development (formerly Industrial Research & Development) August 1984 p. 42
A Center for Fire & Hazardous Materials Research has been established at the U of Akron (Ohio). It will combine research, continuing education and training in fire fighting and prevention. It wants to conduct research on fires and hazardous materials in a comprehensive way, paying particular attention to toxicity of combustion products and the effects of the increasing use of plastics and rubber in construction.
*1639 *Ohio *8516300 *Educational & Nonprofit Labs *45 *R&D outlays

Y037016 64
1076232
Hazardous chemicals: Program aims at cutting truck spills. Chemical & Engineering News September 10, 1984 p. 6
A motor carrier safety survey will be conducted to help reduce the number of hazardous chemical spills from trucks. The program will encourage truck companies to maintain safety standards and inform chemical companies of their safety records. It is sponsored by the Chemical Manufacturers Assn, American Trucking Assns and the Natl Tank Truck Carriers. It will supplement existing DOT regulations on chemical transport. Some 180 mil/yr shipments of hazardous chemicals take place, mostly without incident. There were only 4, 829 spills of hazardous chemicals in 1983, according to reports received by DOT, and 80% were not serious. The new program will include a 6-page survey covering company safety policies, driver training and qualifications and company emergency response practices. It will be filled out by the motor carrier or an independent 3rd party. The shipper can also conduct an independent audit of the carrier, and provide the latter with a copy. The trucking community supports the safety survey. CJ Harvison of Natl Tank Truck Carriers say it demonstrates that private industry can work with govt in achieving social objectives. JF Grimm of O'Boyle Tank Lines says most of the 4, 000-5, 000 carriers that handle hazardous chemicals will participate in the survey. CMA believes at least 90% of its members will take part.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *36 *services data

Y037016 65
1055716
High Steel Structures Get OSHA Approval. American Metal Market July 16, 1984 p. 4
High Steel Structures, a steel fabrication firm, has been approved for OSHA's new voluntary protection program called Star. High Steel Structures (Lancaster, PA) thus became the first US firm to move from the experimental 'Try' program for health into a fully voluntary health and safety protection program. The firm has met and in several instances exceeded the health goals set up when its participation in Try was approved, said PR Tyson, deputy assistant secretary for Labor. Under Try, the 600 employee firm upgraded its yearly training program for workers exposed to noise or lead and those who must wear respirators.
*1USA *United States *3440000 *Fabricated Structurals *93 *regulation

Y037016 66
1054616
EPA Restricts Chemicals Used To Treat Wood. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition July 12, 1984 p. 2, 28
EPA has banned nearly all consumer uses of wood preservatives and imposed new restrictions on commercial applications of the suspected cancer causing chemicals. Consumers will not be able to purchase preservatives such as cresote, pentachlorophenol and a separate family of arsenic-based wood preservatives. The decision represents one of the most extensive and potentially costly regulatory actions by EPA in the past few years. Restrictions were based on the hazards to consumers from frequent and prolonged contact with outdoor furniture and other everyday items treated with the preservatives. To reduce health risks, EPA requires that protective coatings of shellac, epoxy or other materials be applied to seal in the harmful preservatives. Workers applying the preservatives must have some training and will be required to wear protective clothing, gloves and even respirators in certain cases. Consumers will still be able to buy lumber treated with the preservatives, but to preserve untreated wood or restore the resistance of old wood, consumers will have to hire certified commercial applicators.
*1USA *United States *2491000 *Wood Preserving & Creosoting *94 *regulation

Y037016 67
1045607
Industry Issues: Concern Among Silver Recyclers. American Metal Market June 1, 1984 p. 10a
A new Illinois law could cripple or destroy the secondary silver reclamation industry in the state, many industry execs fear. The Illinois Toxic Substances Disclosure to Employees Act of 1983, also called the 'right to know' act, says that all employers must have material data sheets on hand and must label all containers of hazardous chemicals. Employers must also notify local fire departments about such chemicals and must train workers in safety precautions and accident procedures. Employees have the right, under certain conditions, to refuse to work with or in the vicinity of hazardous materials. This will have a negative impact on secondary gold or silver processors that use sodium cyanide solutions, or plating companies that use cyanide group chemicals, or heat-treaters that do custom case-hardening of steel products using molten cyanide baths. A 'community right to know' bill will be offered in the next Illinois general assembly; that will would require a constant monitoring of toxic substances in factories and to disclose to local govt officials the outcome of those tests.
*1USA *United States *4953220 *Metals Recovery *93 *regulation

Y037016 68
1039681
Elements of An Effective Plant First-Aid Program. Plant Engineering February 9, 1984 p. 47-49
Proficient first aid treatment can reduce medical costs, lost time, and complications from improper or delayed treatment, according to WF Jenaway of INA Loss Control Services (Philadelphia, PA). Establishing an effective program begins with educating employees about the causes of accidents. First aid is a program that should include properly trained and designated first-aid representative on each shift; a first-aid kit or equivalent suppliers; a manual; posted emergency instructions; posted emergency transportation instructions; and an adequate record-keeping system. Pre-employment or periodic or special medical exams for workers exposed to hazardous materials or for employees with handicaps or health problems can help prevent potential injuries or indicate a person's ability to handle a job. Once employees have been trained in first aid and in what causes accidents, they can note and eliminate the causes to make the plant safer. First aid supplies should be reviewed by a physician for proper application in a given workplace, and controls should be instituted, particularly of medications. Supplies and equipment should be monitored and maintained, repaired or replenished, and procedures should be reviewed periodically. Records should be maintained even if OSHA does not require them to provide a legal record and raw statistics from which to derive expenses, injury trends, and program effictiveness. 
*1USA *United States *3646300 *Industrial Lighting *23 *productn mgmt

Y037016 69
1031391
HUMAN RESOURCES: Asleep at the Wheel. Cable Television Business March 15, 1984 p. 86-89+
Drug and alcohol abuse may cause US business $40-85bil in lost time, injuries and less effective performance, according to estimates of the National Council on Alcoholism and Metropolitan Life. Employers cannot afford to ignore the drug and alcohol abuse problem because it leads to increased absenteeism, decreased productivity, and takes its toll on employee health. Employers have a legal responsibility to maintain a safe work environment for all employees. An employer must assess the extent of drug abuse in the company and methods for doing so have been used in large businesses, but little effort has been made to assess drug abuse in small to mid-size businesses. The most effective drug prevention tool available is a clear drug policy backed by consequences for violations. Top management should address drug abuse problems and clearly communicate disciplinary procedures in company health and safety directives and employee manuals. A policy should be clearly communicated, clearly written, and uniformly enforced. Observation, searches, referral to the police and urinalysis are methods of dealing with abuse. Information obtained in a drug detection and prevention program should be treated as confidential and its accuracy should be verified before being released to 3rd parties. Management has the right to employ competent workers but no action is guaranteed against legal challenges. 
*1USA *United States *9918670 *Health Problems *59 *handicaps

Y037016 70
1031212
OSHA and EPA: Will the States take over?. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) April 1984 p. 44-50
Legislative and judicial problems have blurred the lines of authority over employee safety and hazardous waste disposal. One of the more emotional issues involves the right-to-know rule proposed by OSHA. Many states consider the rule inadequate, and 15 states have enacted their own right-to-know rules. OSHA says that its rule will preempt the state laws, unless the states demonstrate a compelling need for a different rule, and that their law will not unduly burden interstate commerce. The labor unions say that preemption of the state laws is unconstitutional. The Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers Intnl Union, the United Steelworkers of America, 4 states and several trade organizations want to extend OSHA's standard to include all workers who come into contact with hazardous chemicals, not simply employees of manufacturers and importers. OSHA's list now has 400 hazardous substances on it, but 700 may eventually be added, and critics want OSHA to adopt an 800-substance list used by California. OSHA would let companies keep chemical names from workers if identifying the substance would give competitors proprietary information. About 31 states have specially funded programs to finance cleanup of spills and severely contaminated sites, and 30 states encourage alternatives to land disposal by offering incentives including fees, tax incentives and bonds. As RCRA is implemented, and hazardous waste disposal costs rise, generators will be able to adopt new processes for disposing of hazardous wastes. The chemical industry is concerned about state legislation, since some states are considering barring the use of landfills and requiring chemical treatment plants or incineration. The courts must decide who will have final jurisdiction.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *94 *regulation

Y037016 71
1030322
OSHA Report: OSHA PROPOSES REVISIONS TO ASBESTOS STANDARD. Plant Engineering April 10, 1984 p. 13
Permanent revision to the asbestos standard has been proposed by OSHA. Comments are being sought on the proposal that would reduce the permissible exposure level (PEL) from 2 fibers/cc of air to either 0.5 or 0.2 fibers/cc. The 11/83 emergency temporary standard (ETS) sought to lower the PEL to 0.5 fibers/cc. The new proposal also requires annual employee training instead of one-time training, and requires the posting of warning signs wherever airborne concentrations may exceed the PEL and new respirator specifications.
*1USA *United States *1499200 *Asbestos *93 *regulation

Y037016 72
1017838
Worker right to know: the struggle moves into the courts.
#Chemical Week April 18, 1984 p. 38-44
Organized labor and 5 states are suing OSHA for stronger federal hazard communication standards, or, alternately, for the right of individual states to establish stronger standards on their own. OSHA's standard, relased in 11/83, covers 600 substances known to cause cancer or other health problems. It requires manufacturers to evaluate other substances they use or produce for possible health hazards, and report any negative effects on humans or animals. Hazardous substances must be labeled and a Material Safety Data Sheet provided. Labels must carry the name and address of the manufacturer, and education programs must be available to make sure workers understand the dangers of their working environment. Employers must identify materials covered by their trade secrecy rules to health professionals. The states and labor are upset, however, because the OSHA rules are only for manufacturing workers. They claim the provisions for trade secrecy can allow employers to hide important data. The states strongly oppose OSHA's position that its rule preempts stronger standards on the state and local level. The group suing OSHA includes the United Steelworkers of America and Public Citizen, and the AFL-CIO is commonly understood to be allied with the steelworkers' union. Illinois, New York and Massachusetts argue in their suits that the OSHA standard should not dilute their own stronger standards. New York has joined New Jersey and Connecticut in filing to intervene as petitioners with the steelworkers union. OSHA is receiving support from industry, which fears the prospect of having to comply with regulations that differ from state to state. Some 16 states already have right-to-know laws, and others are considering legislation. Atlantic Richfield, Exxon, CMA, the Natl Paint & Coatings Assn, the American Petroleum Inst and other industry organizations have filed to intervene as respondents on OSHA's side.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *regulation

Y037016 73
1006806
Power plant safety: procedures, systems and equipment. Power Engineering September 1983 p. 38-46
Electric utilities safeguard their employees by safety training programs, safety devices, personal equipment and incentives. The highest priority is being given to safety in confined spaces, protection of sight and hearing and prevention of falls. Article surveys various companies' ways for improving their safety records. Of high importance is a smooth transition in safety operations from the construction to the plant operating phase. Voluntary and/or cooperative safety programs have been encouraged by OSHA, which offers these programs to firms having above-average safety records. TVA is emphasizing safety management and greater personal involvement. Other firms are preplanning rescue operation. Electronic monitoring devices for confined spaces is one solution to the small space accident problem. Fall protection is increased when safety instructions are included with every piec of equipment. Protective suits that are more comfortable for the user have been developed, while mandatory safety glasses have improved the safety record or welders. Rewards such as plaques, cash and prizes have encouraged workers in several plants to improve their safety records.
*1USA *United States *4910000 *Electric Utilities *23 *safety mgmt

Y037016 74 
994940
The right-to-know: is there middle ground. Adhesives Age January 1984 p. 28, 29
The chemical industry has an obligation to work with unions and other parties to find reasonable ways to safeguard personal safety while not endangering industry's ability to do business, or its investments in proprietary formulations and technology, according to D Theissen of 3M. The proliferation of right-to-know (RTK) legislation on the state and local level is one of the most crucial issues facing the adhesive and sealants industry. Many lawmakers and regulatory agencies believe the workforce and the public have the right to know exactly what each product that they are exposed to contains. This mentality conflicts with the justifiable protection of proprietary product information that is essential in maintaining a company's competitive edge. Manufacturers will not invest in advancing the performance and cost/benefit aspects of their products without reasonable protection of proprietary know-how. The result will be a stagnation of technological processes, with the customer as the ultimate loser. Some 14 states had adopted RTK legislation as of 10/83, with a major impact on manufacturers and employers. The nature and number of substances classified as hazardous or toxic typifies the disparity and confusion of these legislative efforts. New York uses the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, which lists 45, 000 substances, including salt, sodium bicarbonate and sand. W Virginia, on the other hand, limits its list to 600 substances. Current legislation presumes that an employee can judge the degree of hazard by using only a listing of chemical entities. But the level of concentration and the method of use usually have a larger impact on the degree of hazard than the specific composition does. Proposed OSHA standards on hazards communication in the workplace would preempt state occupational safety and health standards in areas encompassed by Section 6 of the Occupational Safety & Health Act. RTK laws on the state and local levels that deal with public health and safety vs occupational health and safety will probably not be preempted by the OSHA standard, however. Legislative and regulatoryactivity will continue at the local level, and the chemical industry must avoid assuming an adversary role in the RTK area.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *35 *product standards

Y037016 75 
983684
A safety dispute settlement between a company and OSHA cannot be disputed by a union, according to a New Orleans appeals court decision in Donovan vs OCAW. Business Week Industrial Edition January 16, 1984 p. 72
The situation arises when a company protests an OSHA citation and takes its case to the Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission. Unions are permitted by law to take part in the proceedings. If OSHA and the company compromise, and the company withdraws its protest, the case is considered to be closed. Without a case, the union has no forum for disputing the settlement terms.
*1USA *United States *9125300 *Occupational Safety & Health Adm *98 *justice & safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 98 justice & safety

Y037016 76
981903
OSHA's new rule requiring firms to inform workers of chemical occupational hazards will affect over 14mil workers at over 300, 000 US plants. Oil & Gas Journal December 12, 1983 p. 47
The regulation will cost industry $603 mil or $43/employee in initial expenses and $159 mil/yr or $11 employee/yr thereafter. Within the refining industry, the most common chemicals affected by the new regulation are benzene, petroleum distillates and ethylene dibromide. The new regulation will require labels on containers of hazardous chemicals to provide warnings for workers. Employers must make more detailed information on the chemical and its hazards readily available to workers. Employees must be trained to interpret and understand labels and safety sheets and safely handle hazardous substances.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 77 
979576
OSHA will back chemical companies seeking to overturn local right-to-know laws on the grounds that they are preempted by a new federal standard. Chemical Marketing Reporter December 19, 1983 p. 7, 43
The new rule will protect workers by providing training and education rather than just labeling chemical containers.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 78 
978937
OSHA issued a final standard on labeling hazardous substances. Plant Engineering December 22, 1983 p. 12
Chemical makers, importers, and distributors must provide hazard information by warning labels on all containers of their products as well as material safety data sheets provided to employers in manufacturing establishments. Manufacturing employers are required to label inplant containers, inform workers of hazardous materials, make material safety data sheets available, and train workers to protect themselves when dealing with specific chemical hazards. Benefits of the standards are expected to include increased employee awareness of hazards and increased compliance with protective measures. As a result, lower numbers of chemically related injuries and illnesses should prevail.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *93 *regulation

Y037016 79 
973784
The Labor Dept will issue a new ruling on toxic substances in the workplace, requiring US manufacturers to alert workers to the harmful effects of toxic substances through training and labeling. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern (Princeton, NJ) Edition November 10, 1983 p. 12
The Reagan Admin's rule is less stringent than labeling requirements already adopted by 16 states and 3 cities. This may lead to litigation whether employers in those areas must comply with stricter local rules. To protect trade secrets, the Reagan Admin's standard will let companies use symbols indicating a substance's hazards rather than identifying the specific chemicals. By contrast, a New Jersey law requires industries to label all containers regardless of whether they contain hazardous chemicals, and indicate the 5 parts of a given substance that weigh the most.
*1USA *United States *9106470 *Toxic Substances Regulation *93 *occupatnl safety

Y037016 80 
973722
Ohio Hazardous Materials Bureau trains firefighters and backs them up with hazardous materials mobile units. Waste Age October 1983 p. 28-30
As soon as a call for help comes in the office begins preparing by studying the materials involved, preplanning the treatment strategy, and providing the proper tools and equipment. The bureau takes steps to contain the spill but the ultimate responsibility is with the spiller. Mobile units are equipped with safety suits, detection equipment and computerized weather system data. The vehicles can be anywhere in Ohio in an hour.
*1639 *Ohio *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *42 *pollutant disposal

Y037016 81 
966393
OSHA has lowered its lost-workday cutoff point for firms to be exempt from programmed safety inspections from 4.9/100 workers in 1981 to 4.3/100 workers as of 11/4/83. Chemical Marketing Reporter November 14, 1983 p. 12
This means that workplaces must continue to improve their safety records to qualify for an inspection that ends with a records check.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety

Y037016 82 
965204
Quality meat assurance is concerned with actions taken to prevent and monitor product contamination, according B Prokop of the Natl Renderers Assn. National Provisioner October 29, 1983 p. 18-21
Plant quality assurance programs should be concerned with all potential forms of contamination which can affect the acceptability and use of product by the customer. Product contamination can take place in varous sources, including airborne dusts or vapors, contaminated water, equipment leaks, accidental spills, improper use of chemicals in or around the plant, and people. The employee is the most important factor in any program initiated to prevent product contamination. It is essential that the employee be trained properly to recognize potential contamination problems and be able to take appropriate action. Housekeeping is also important. Finished product handling and storage areas should be maintained clean in order to prevent any accumulation of dust or solids on the floor, equipment, window sills, etc. A distinction should be made between toxic and hazardous chemicals. Toxic chemicals are harmful to humans and animals because their chemical properties are injurious or lethal upon contact with body cells. These effects can occur by oral ingestion, inhalation or absorption through the skin. There is a definite parallel between a quality assurance program to prevent product contamination and a safety program to prevent employee accidents. The objectives, the program elements and the employee training concepts are very similar. Article outlines an in-plant program to prevent product contamination and focuses on specific measures to prevent PCB contamination.
*1USA *United States *2010000 *Meat Products *35 *product standards

Y037016 83 
939869
More states are forcing employers to take more steps to let employees know if they are working with hazardous substances. Business Insurance August 29, 1983 p. 3, 4+
Although an increasing number of states are adopting 'right-to-know' laws, employer groups hope that OSHA will approve a proposed federal standard regulation. Large corporations are finding it difficult to keep up with state-by-state standards, and would find it infinitely easier to work with a federal law, unless the state's own law was more restrictive. The proposed federal rules include: chemical manufacturers would be required to access the hazards of the chemicals produced and employees would have to be informed of these hazards; a 'hazardous chemical' would be defined as any chemical that is combustible, a compressed gas, explosive, flammable, a health hazard, an organic peroxide, an oxidizer, pyrophoric, unstable or water-reactive; container labels would have to have a hazard warning; employers would have to offer training sessions to inform employees about the hazardous substances and how to properly work with them; trade secrets would be protected either through use of generic names or through confidentiality agreements between manufacturers and industrial customers; documentation of hazard evaluation procedures and recordkeeping would be required; and compliance deadline would be 18-30 mos after the regulations are published in the Federal Registrar. Further proposed legislation is described. 
*1USA *United States *9913550 *Workplace Carcinogens *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 4958000 Toxic Substances Control 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 84 
913851
The complexity of regulations governing transport of hazardous materials may discourage safe transport, according to the Natl Academy of Sciences. Chemical Week June 15, 1983 p. 13
Many regulations are not based on rational risk-management needs. Regulations must be simplified and made uniform, according to sources in the chemical and transportation industries. NAS urges immediate action to improve training of local officials, inspectors, shippers and carriers to improve handling of emergencies. Enforcement of regulations is haphazard, partly because it is split between several agencies. There is also no consistent relation between the severity of an offense and the penalty imposed.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *93 *transport regulatn

Y037016 85 
911164
Current regulations regarding land transportation of 4bil tpy of hazardous materials are characterized by unnecessary complexity, possibly discouraging the safety they are designed to ensure, according to a Natl Research Council committee, which called for a more active role for DOT. Chemical Marketing Reporter June 6, 1983 p. 4, 29
A more rational risk assessment approach should be included in the federal govt's safety goals and overall regulatory role. The safety record regarding transport of 2, 400 hazardous materials ranging from gasoline to explosives is good vs that of general transportation. In 1980, there were 16, 115 incidents involving hazardous materials shipped by rail or truck, resulting in 19 deaths and over $10 mil in property damage. To insure safe handling and transporation of the growing volume of hazarous materials, better coordination and definition of duties among the various agencies, simplification of regulations and more uniform training and enforcement are required.
*1USA *United States *9108203 *Hazardous Material Regulation *93 *transport regulatn

Y037016 86 
903041
OSHA increased workplace inspections 15% to 63, 914 sites in 1982, vs 55, 593 sites in 1981, with over 45, 000 inspections for the most hazardous worksites, mostly construction sites, according to Labor Dept. Chemical & Engineering News May 9, 1983 p. 39
Increased cooperation with labor and management has resulted in only 4% of citations being contested in 1982, vs 20% in 1980.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety

Y037016 87 
901208
US chemical firms reduce dangers from chemical hazards by comprehensive company policies, training programs and emergency procedures, according to a CMA survey of 112 firms with chemical sales of $2 mil-7.9 bil/yr. Chemical Purchasing April 1983 p. 65, 66
Some 90% of firms routinely involve senior execs in developing and managing health and environmental programs, and 1 person/55 employees is employed as a health or environmental specialist, including doctors, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, epidemiologists and pathologists. Each firm spent nearly $2 mil in 1981 to conduct toxicity testing for a total $255 mil. Incineration and recycling are preferred to waste disposal. Most of the companies registered products and emergency procedures with the Chemical Transportation Emergency Center, and 50% of firms maintain their own 'hot lines' for transportation emergencies. Occupational illness and injury in the chemical industry was 0.74 cases/100 full-time employees, vs 2.21 cases for total industry, making chemical workers 3X safer than the average US industrial employee.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals & Allied Products *23 *safety mgmt

Y037016 88 
897864
Nearly all chemical companies have comprehensive chemical-hazard policies, according to Peat Marwick, Mitchell & Co in a study for the Chemical Mfrs Assn. Water Engineering & Management (combin- ing Water- & Sewage Works & Water & Was April 1983 p. 22
The facts and figures of the report document organizational structures, training programs and emergency procedures that guide the day-to-day health and safety operation practices of nearly all chemical firms.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *23 *safety mgmt

Y037016 89 
885785
OSHA made 61, 225 workplace inspections in FY82, the 2nd highest total in 6 yrs, according to the Labor Dept. American Paint & Coatings Journal March 14, 1983 p. 18
Over 80% of the inspections were carried out at the potentially most dangerous worksites.
*1USA *United States *9125300 *Occupational Safety & Health Adm *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 90 
874033
OSHA is extending for 6 more months its test program in the southern US that exempts companies from its 'general schedule' inspections. Daily News Record January 20, 1983 p. 21
OSHA is extending the program, due to expire early Jan 1983, so that it can decide whether to apply the program nationwide. The experiment covers about 835, 000 workplaces employing about 12.7 mil in Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Under the test, firms which voluntarily submit to free, OSHA-funded, on-site consultations will be exempt for 1 yr from general schedule inspections. The consultations cover both safety and health, correct all serious identified hazards and establish and/or maintain an effective safety and health program. Companies that are not exempt and fail OSHA's general inspections can be penalized for any safety or health violations. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 91 
873890
N America: Nearly 44% of US and Canadian rubber molded goods manufacturers reported that sales fell in 1982, vs 16.7% in 1981, according to a survey of 486 firms. Rubber & Plastics News February 14, 1983 p. 14
Molded rubber firms reported fewer inspections by OSHA and EPA and claimed that govt inspectors are ordering fewer capital improvements to meet regulations. Some 46.6% of respondents were forced to make capital improvements in 1981, vs 40.6% in 1982 and 30.9% in 1983. The percentage of total sales that go to employee compensation has remained at about 30%. Some 58.5% of US and Canadian molded rubber firms export products, with an average 7.4% of sales in foreign markets. Molders spend more time on quality control and R&D functions vs safety and health programs and training. Companies alloted an average 11.2% of their schedules for quality control, 7.9% for R&D, 6.8% on training and 4.8% for safety and health.
*1USA *United States *3069510 *Molded Mechanical Rubber Goods *65 *sales 1USA United States 3069510 Molded Mechanical Rubber Goods 65 sales 2CAN Canada 3069510 Molded Mechanical Rubber Goods 65 sales 2CAN Canada 3069510 Molded Mechanical Rubber Goods 65 sales

Y037016 92 
863233
OSHA has issued a final rule to clarify its authority to attach personal sampling devices to employees during worksite inspections. American Paint & Coatings Journal January 17, 1983 p. 8
A new amendment to OSHA regulations specifically allows the agency to use such devices to measure the exposure of employees to toxic substances. OSHA clarified its position following several court cases, including a court of appeals ruling, that did not support agency use of the devices on the grounds that employers were not properly warned that the equipment could be used in the inspections. The noise dosimeter and the air sampling pump are the most common personal sampling devices.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 3842300 Personal, Industrl Safety Eqp 33 applications 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 93 
856550
Occupational Safety & Health Admin (OSHA) has no right in N Dakota to conduct job safety inspections without either the employer's consent or a valid search warrant, according to a federal district court ruling in that state. Home & Auto January 1, 1983 p. 3
Thus far, the court ruling applies only in N Dakota. However, the decision could set a precedent that affects the power of OSHA inspectors across the US.
*1738 *North Dakota *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *98 *law enforcement

Y037016 94 
853742
OSHA inspectors must have a subpoena to examine records a company will not show voluntarily, ruled the US Circuit Court of Appeals in Philadelphia, rejecting OSHA's claim that once its officials have a search warrant, they are authorized to go through a company's files. Business Week Industrial Edition December 13, 1982 p. 84H
For business, the ruling means that there will be more opportunity to object to a subpoena or to persuade a judge to narrow its scope. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *98 *civil rights

Y037016 95 
852108
The Occupational Safety & Health Admin has authorized attaching personal sampling devices to employees during workplace inspections, to become effective Jan 10, 1983. Daily News Record December 10, 1982 p. 10
OSHA has always interpreted the Occupational Safety & Health Act as providing authority to use such devices, but decided to issue a rule after a federal court questioned whether the agency had given employers 'fair warning' of their intended use. The announcement states that 'reasonable investigative techniques' during workplace inspections include 'the use of devices to measure employee exposures and the attachment of personal sampling equipment such as dosimeters, pumps, badges and other similar devices to employees in order to monitor their exposures.' OSHA said personal sampling devices are generally the most efficient, accurate and safest way to determine an employee's exposure to toxic substances and harmful physical agents.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 96 
852048
The US chemical industry is divided on endorsement of the DOT's chemical shipping regulations, due to increasing state and local chemical transportation restrictions and increasing chemical transport accidents, such as the 42-car train derailment in Livingston, La, which resulted in a persistent vinyl chloride fire. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) December 13, 1982 p. 31-35
However, chemical firms are generally happy with DOT's Materials Transportation Bureau for simplifying federal regulations. According to CMA, chemical firms ship over 250 mil tpy of mostly hazardous products via trains, trucks and barges, regulated by DOT, state and local govts. DOT is asking states to assume the formerly federal role of enforcing hazardous materials laws but is not supplying the money to train state officials for their new duties. The Hazardous Materials Transportation Act of 1974 allows DOT to negate local and state laws that are inconsistent with federal law. Boston, Mass, bans all through traffic of trucks carrying 6 classes of hazardous materials from 6: 00 AM to 8: 00 PM and violators are subject to civil and criminal penalties. The ban can be legally ignored if shippers purchase $600 worth of permits. DOT defines flammable liquids as anything with a flash point of under 100~F and combustible as anything with a flash point of 100-200~F, but New York City, NY, extended the definition of a combustible to a flash point of 300~F, which makes more goods subject to special restrictions. Article examines other DOT regulations.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *93 *transport regulatn

Y037016 97 
851180
OSHA has lowered the injury rate cutoff figure by which it decides whether to conduct a safety inspection of a company. American Paint & Coatings Journal December 13, 1982 p. 18
OSHA visits firms in hazardous industries and inspects those with an individual injury rate higher than the total US lost workday rate for manufacturing. The lost workday rate for manufacturing was 5.2/100 workers in 1980 and 4.9/100 workers in 1981. OSHA began inspecting companies with lost workday rates at or above the US rate in 10/81. Limited inspections may be conducted at other plants if the injury rate data indicate possible problems with particular areas or processes, or if serious hazards are observed.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 98 
851041
Groundwork is being laid for eventual overhaul or dismantlement of the Occupational Safety & Health Act, even though traditional business hostility toward OSHA has somewhat dissipated because of changes put in place by the anti-regulatory Reagan Admin.
#Electronic News November 22, 1982 p. F
Arguments for reform fall into 2 related subparts: the exorbitant cost of work accidents, and OSHA's alleged failure to substantially reduce accident rates in its 10 yrs of existence. Legislative reform proposals are taking 2 basic shapes. One exempts all businesses in a given group in non-hazardous industries, while the other would exempt non-hazardous businesses regardless of the hazardousness of the industry to which they belong.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *96 *defense 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 99 
843425
OSHA concentrates its inspections in the potentially most hazardous workplaces, according to T Auchter, OSHA chief. Business Insurance November 8, 1982 p. 25
During the first 9 mos of FY82, some 82% of the 44, 486 inspections OSHA performed were in workplaces in industries that are considered the most dangerous. In the same period in 1980, only about 50% of OSHA inspections were in these workplaces. Auchter noted that the figures bear out the agency's desire to make the most efficient use of its limited resources. In FY82, OSHA has also reduced follow-up inspections to only 2.6% of total inspections, vs 10.6% of total in FY80. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 100 
839406
OSHA inspections fell 17%, follow-up inspections fell 86%, serious violations citations fell 50%, willful violations cited fell 86% and contested inspections fell 77% in 1-8/82, vs 1-8/80, according to the Public Citizen Health Research Group. Chemical Week November 17, 1982 p. 74
OSHA administrator TG Auchter says that his agency has increased inspections of high-hazard work places from an average of 25, 000 in FY77-80 to over 50, 000 in FY82. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9125300 Occupational Safety & Health Adm 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 101 
833458
Industrial Risk Insurers designed a 14-part plan to help clients control property losses.
#Business Insurance November 1, 1982 p. 23, 24
The system, called Overview, was introduced in 4/82 to help management of any facility to meet property loss-control responsiblilities. The 14 sections are: impairments to protective systems; smoking regulations; maintenance; employee training; new construction; insurance company recommendations; pre-emergency planning; hazardous materials evaluation; cutting, welding and other hot work; loss-prevention inspections; fire protection and security surveillance; fire protection equipment inspection; process hazard evaluation; and proper housekeeping. Overview's new approach to the control programs is to gather all programs together in one document to be used as a reference guide. Each section is discussed.
*1USA *United States *6330000 *Property & Liability Insurance *33 *product developmnt; *Industrial Risk Insurers

Y037016 102 
833384
Gillette's safety program is similar to the proposed OSHA program in preparation and distribution of material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and dissemination of information to employees through training sessions.
#Chemical Times & Trends October 1982 p. 30-33
Gillette's Medical Evaluation Labs prepare MSDSs for each chemical material and forward copies to the safety officers of the company units. Input for MSDSs is obtained from chemical suppliers; MEDLINE, TOXLINE, CHEMLINE, RTECS and NTIS computer retrieval systems; General Electric's and Oak Ridge Lab's MSDSs; and various reference books and materials. Information includes identification, physical data, reactivity, health hazard data, environmental impact, exposure control methods, work practices, emergency procedure and first aid procedures. Classifications are new product chemicals, increased risk chemicals and all other chemicals. The Gillette Occupational Medical Safety Committee, with diversified corporate-level management reps, approved the Chemical Safety Communications Program to provide data needed to protect employees from potential hazards from exposure to chemical materials, provide a consistent system of communicating data about chemicals that may be used by operating units, provide assurance to all employees that their safety is of prime concern to management and the most current technical data are being used for their protection. Article examines roles of the unit safety officer, employee's dept manager, plant manager, Medical Evaluations Dept and corporate Occupational Medical Safety Committee.
*1USA *United States *3421200 *Razor Blades & Razors ex Electric *23 *safety mgmt; *Gillette; Duns No: *00-102-5931; Ticker: *GS; CUSIP: *375766

Y037016 103
832534
The number of hazardous materials releases from rail cars has fallen 40% since 1978 to just over 200 in 1981, while injuries from such incidents dropped over 50%. Chemical & Engineering News November 1, 1982 p. 28-30
The data were released by the Chemical Mfrs Assn in the wake of the 101-car Illinois Central Gulf freight train accident in Baton Rouge, La. Train derailments involving hazardous materials are very rare; 99.99% of rail shipments of hazardous materials are delivered without incident. Fortunately, safety devices retrofitted onto the cars worked effectively; thermal insulation, designed to keep the tank cars from exploding for several hours, lasted for days. Two cars did eventually explode, but after the area had been evacuated and police and firefighters were prepared for the thermal eruption. Investigation of the incident is discussed.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *26 *traffic mgmt

Y037016 104 
828805
Office injuries are as painful and expensive as production line accidents.
#Business Insurance September 13, 1982 p. 2, 54+
Many companies are seeking to reduce office injuries and cut their worker compensation costs. According to OSHA, some 40, 000 office workers/yr are disabled by injuries, and some 200 of the 13, 000 accidental workplace deaths/yr result from office accidents. Other estimates show that 1 of every 27 office workers is injured at work, and of every 22 injured workers making claims, 1 is for an office injury. The New York Workmen's Compensation Board reported that of the 4, 856 compensation cases in 1976 involving clerical office workers, 8 were deaths, 6 were permanent disabilities, 2, 107 were for partial permanent disabilities and 2, 735 were temporary total disabilities. Of 7, 492 claims made by professional personnel in 1976, 85 involved deaths and 3, 036 permanent partial disabilities. The average compensation for clerical workers was $2, 895 and $2, 920 for professional workers. In addition, loss of a key person from the workplace can come to $10, 000-14, 000/d. Falls account for 55% of all days lost to office injuries; other causes are top-heavy filing cabinets; broken glass in wastebaskets; sharp objects; overwaxed floors; suddenly opened doors; hair, clothing or jewelry getting tangled in machinery; and overexertion. It is possible to design much potential danger out of new offices and equipment, but the biggest problem is human stress. Polaroid is among the firms using a safety program; audiovisual materials teach workers the 'why' as well as thq 'what, ' since this has made them better at identifying hazards, unsafe actions and safety responsibilities. OSHA, the National Safety Council and other organizations offer assistance in identifying unsafe workplace conditions.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *25 *risk mgmt 1USA United States E19911 Occupational Accident Victims

Y037016 105 
824176
The Natl Paint & Coatings Assn has developed a program to help employers meet OSHA requirements for respiratory protection standards.
#Modern Paint & Coatings September 1982 p. 49, 50
For a successful respiratory-protection program, employers should train workers in the proper selection, use and maintenance of respirators. Assessment of hazards is the most important aspect of the program. Medical surveillance entails conducting physical exams of all employees before they begin working in environments needing respirators. The medical surveillance screening process should be physical and psychological and should include routine, periodic exams such as urinalysis or bioassays. Respirators must be matched to the work environment. Air-purifying respirators remove contaminants from the atmosphere and can be used when sufficient oxygen is present. Supplied-air respirators deliver air via a supply hose connected to a facepiece. Self contained respirators have their own attached air supply in the form of an oxygen tank or a rebreathing unit and can be used for 1 hr or less to provide complete respiratory protection in toxic gas or oxygen-deficient atmospheres. The NPCA program consists of a manual and an audio-visual presentation and is aimed at all industrial users of respirators. It gives detailed instruction in conducting employee training programs and respirator fit tests. The manual describes test procedures, equipment needs, the audio visual presentation and how to choose a proper respirator. 
*1USA *United States *2850000 *Paints & Allied Products *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2850000 Paints & Allied Products 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 106 
818445
Procedures to improve the safety of hazardous waste disposal operations are presented by WR Bunner, Safety & Training Dir, Associated Chemical & Environmental Services (Oregon, Ohio), a Fondessy Enterprises subsid. Waste Age September 1982 p. 55-58
The development of workplace safety practices has the additional benefits of loss prevention and improved employee morale and productivity. Landfill operations can implement a safety program by first establishing a safety committee, which opens up an avenue of communication on safety matters in regularly scheduled meetings. Facility inspections, required by both OSHA and RCRA, can identify dangers to the operation and keep safety awareness sharp. In addition, RCRA has established strict guidelines for facilities either generating or disposing of hazardous wastes that mandate the presence of specific safety equipment on-site. Other features of an effective safety program may include employee training, medical surveillance of employees, contingency plans and response agreements with local emergency personnel, and regulatory agency review.
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *23 *safety mgmt

Y037016 107 
818295
The number of accidents involving release of hazardous materials from railway cars has fallen from a high of 200 to under 100 in 1982 (estimate) due to increased investment in right of way, thermal insulation, shelf couplers, and head shield on tank cars that require such protection, and better instruction for train crews and emergency officials. Railway Age September 30, 1982 p. 10
*1USA *United States *3743200 *New Railroad Cars *35 *product safety

Y037016 108 
817902
US chemical firms' innovative safety programs allow safer hazardous chemical transportation and handling. Chemical Marketing Reporter September 27, 1982 p. 40
Dow Chemical USA's Dowell Div offers hands-on training, running several training schools for employees. The school is 30% related to oilfield location safety and 70% with basic driver training. The school, which handled 2, 300 new employees in 1981, is equipped with the latest TV and movie projection equipment and complete computerization of test rating and scoring procedures. The school teaches the Natl Safety Council's defensive driving course and the American Red Cross multimedia first aid course and basics are covered on truck electrical systems, engines, transmissions and braking systems. Students cope with errors that often result in real-life accidents, including a 'spin' on a football field-sized 'skid pad.' Other lessons include how to avoid becoming a 'runaway' while descending steep downgrades and how to safely get back on the road when a wheel drops off the curb. Dowell's serious injury frequency rate was 1.19 in 1978, meaning 1.19 serious injuries/1 mil work hrs were suffered, vs 0.07 as of 7/82. Dowell's OSHA injury rate fell from 2.98/200, 000 work hrs in 1978 to 1.81 in 1982. Rollovers, an extremely dangerous and frequent chemical trucking accident, have fallen from 24 in 1978 to 10 thus far in 1982. Dowell's total training time rose 10X in the past 6 yrs and the firm now dedicates over 35, 000 man-days/yr to training employees. Hercules' Her-DOT in-house training program covers Federal Title No 49, governing handling of hazardous materials. DuPont's Rhythym program, originally designed as an internal training program, has since been developed into an 'extremely comprehensive and in-depth audio-visual teaching tool.'
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *26 *traffic mgmt 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 28 employee training; Dow Chemical; Duns No: 00-138-1581; Ticker: DOW; CUSIP: 260543

Y037016 109 
811320
OSHA will start three voluntary safety inspection programs along with its plan to rescind 194 standards. Business Insurance August 2, 1982 p. 26
Companies approved for any of the three programs will be exempt from scheduled inspections, but will be subject to all laws and OSHA can still respond to any complaints against the participants. Officially to begin July 6 are: STAR--for safety-conscious companies already having good safety records, established safety and health programs, joint labor/management safety committees and joint inspections; PRAISE--designed for companies with praiseworthy safety records but lacking joint labor/management committee structures; and TRY--designed for companies trying to build better safety and health records through joint labor/management committees, joint inspections and internal reviews. STAR participants must have both injury and lost workday rates equal to or less than the 3-yr national average for their industries and will be evaluated by OSHA every 3 yrs. PRAISE firms will not be evaluated on a regular basis, but injury incidents and lost workday rates will be examined annually. TRY will study the effectiveness of 'alternative internal safety and health systems' and OSHA will waive participants' past records in view of the new commitment while monitoring the companies' progress.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 110 
811305
Most employers support the OSHA's proposal to rescind 194 unenforceable safety and health standards, although at least one employer in the labor union publicly opposed the elimination of these rules.
#Business Insurance August 2, 1982 p. 2, 26
The provisions will be eliminated because they contain the word 'shall' instead of 'should, ' thus making them unenforceable. The regulations cover general safety areas. 
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 111 
809811
Industrial Risk Insurers offers a new management system to control human errors and prevent expensive property losses. Business Insurance June 14, 1982 p. 27
The system of 14 interlocking programs, named OVERVIEW, offers suggestions on controlling losses and employee training to prevent property damage, based on devices to be found or implemented in-house, such as seminars on smoking regulations or how to handle hazardous materials. A brochure describing how the programs an work for a firm is available for $5 from Communications Dept, Industrial Risk Insurers, 85 Woodland St, Hartford, Conn 06102; 203-525-2601.
*1USA *United States *9915300 *Asset & Risk Management *25 *financl controls

Y037016 112 
809426
OSHA will offer employers in 7 Southern states exemption from surprise inspections if they participate in on-site-consultation programs and it is verified that all health and safety problems have been fixed. American Machinist September 1982 p. 63
Employers have up to 6 mos to sign up for the 1 yr program that could cover 12.7 mil workers in 835, 000 workplaces. OSHA inspectors, separate from the consultants, could concentrate on workplaces that have chosen not to participate in the comprehensive consultation program.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 113 
807767
Firms with safety and health programs that go beyond OSHA standards may be excused from general scheduled inspections. Plant Engineering August 5, 1982 p. 12
The 3 OSHA programs are STAR, a program for any industry, PRAISE, a program for low hazard industries, and TRY, a program for firms with active employee participation. Applicants can be one employer at one site, one employer with several sites, or a group of employers banning together to provide a safety and health program.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 114 
805175
California can legally set worker exposure standards tougher than federal standards, according to a federal judge. Chemical Week August 18, 1982 p. 88
At issue was California's standard for worker exposure to fruit fumigant ethylene dibromide (EDB), which reduces acceptable levels to 1% of that allowed by OSHA. The chemical industry would prefer not to have to deal with 50 separate sets of occupational safety regulations. Reagan supports the restoration of states rights, but in doing so he may increase the regulatory burden on industry. OSHA chief TG Auchter has hinted that his agency may tie up funding to states that issue their own health regulations. California has a long record of occupational safety regulation, and when OSHA was established in 1970, it adopted most of the state's safety standards and some of its health rules. California's occupational health administrator D Vial says that his agency works closely with industry and labor to establish standards that usually are not challenged in court.
*1906 *California *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1906 California 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 115 
805169
The Occupational Safety & Health Admin will emphasize voluntary compliance for companies with good records and will make health standards more flexible under Reagan appointee TG Auchter. Chemical Week August 11, 1982 p. 28-31
OSHA has not been effective in reducing industrial injuries, since the rate rose from 40.4 lost workdays/100 workers in 1972 to 48.7 in 1980. Company officials in general applaud Auchter's work, but union leaders condemn his reconsideration of standards set on lead, cotton dust, hearing conservation and freedom of information during the Carter Admin. In Auchter's 1st 9 mos in office, OSHA monthly inspections were down 18%, vs the 1st 9 mos of the Carter Admin; inspections in response to worker complaints were down 33.5%; complaints filed by workers were down 30%; follow-up inspections were down 70%; willful citations were down 80% and penalties levied were down 65%. Employers are challenging about 6% of OSHA citations, vs 22% under the Carter Admin. Inspector activity is closely monitored to curtail complaints of inconsistent treatment between OSHA's 80 field offices. Plants with less than the average lost workday rates have been exempted from surprise inspections. Auchter's goal is to concentrate on the most hazardous plants, since OSHA's 1, 100 inspectors have time to visit only 2% of the workplaces they are authorized to inspect. While OSHA's relations with business have improved, those with labor have deteriorated. Union leaders feel that great advances made during the Carter Admin are being swept away by the antiregulatory atmosphere at OSHA. Auchter replies that he is merely streamlining ill-conceived and confusing rules.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 116 
800817
Eleven workers from steelmaking and drill bit producing firms in the Houston, Tex, area urged the US govt to encourage firms to label hazardous substances in the workplace and train their employees in safety practices. American Metal Market July 20, 1982 p. 3
Testifying at a Houston hearing of the OSHA, the employees, members of various United Steelworkers of America locals, illustrated their requests with personal experiences of exposure to toxic chemicals such as PCBs due to allegedly inadequate labeling of barrels or inadequate training. The employees represented US Steel Corp's Baytown plant, Armco Inc's Houston Works, National Pipe & Tube Co (Liberty) and Hughes Tool Co and Reed Rock Bit Co (both Houston).
*1USA *United States *3310000 *Primary Iron & Steel *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913500 Safety Management 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 117 
800781
The Natl Hazards Control Inst has been acquired by COEVAL. News Release for further information apply to company indexed August 2, 1982 p. 1
The firm plans to continue the safety and hazardous materials training programs of the Institute, and expand the programs it offers to other areas of management activities. (Natl Hazards Control Inst news release)
*1USA *United States *4953700 *Hazardous Waste Treatmnt, Storge, Disposl *44 *new capacity; *COEVAL

Y037016 118 
798791
OSHA has established a uniform policy for inspectors to use in citing repeated violations of OSHA standards. Plant Engineering July 22, 1982 p. 12
Under the new policy, a repeated violation citation can be issued at a 'fixed' site--eg, a factory--when the transgression occurs at the same plant and not another plant operated by the same firm. For 'nonfixed' sites--eg, construction or drilling projects--repeated violation citations may be issued at any location within the local OSHA area office jurisdiction. Previously, nonfixed employers were liable for repeated violations anywhere within a state. A repeated violation is one that occurs within 3 yrs of a previous violation. In addition, inspectors have been directed to offer technical advice and information on the correction of any hazards found during safety and health inspections as well as issue citations.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 119
791058
Many companies and industrial unions are skeptical over OSHA's new plan to allow businesses to monitor their own safety and health inspections. Business Week Industrial Edition July 19, 1982 p. 62
While the concept was endorsed early on by industry, unions felt that there would be too much opposition from firms if a complaint was made. OSHA will make no surprise inspections if a firm shows they are following safety regulations. OSHA Administrator TG Auchter claims industry and labor should both be happy with the new rules, as labor would be guaranteed continuous monitoring of safe conditions and business could be conducted without govt interference. This system would leave OSHA with 1, 100 inspectors that could concentrate on workplaces with poor records. Three programs--Star, Try and Praise--is hoped to tempt industry into improving safety records. A firm can qualify for Star if it bettered the national injury record for its industry over a 3-yr period and demonstated the effectiveness of its safety programs. To qualify for Try, a business would specify safety and health goals in writing and assure the federal agency that these could be met. Safety programs in low-hazard workplaces, such as an office, would gain the Praise rating. Labor believe surprise inspections keep employers on their toes, and fear that without them, safety conditions may worsen. Some unions fear other problems caused by labor-management committees. Auchter claims that OSHA will continue to have tight control over the program. The program may work if firms not following safety regulations understand that OSHA will be concentrating on them.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 120 
788585
OSHA has proposed allowing companies with fair to good safety records to be exempt from certain safety inspections under a special program. Chemical Week July 7, 1982 p. 14
Large chemical firms might view the paperwork and potential labor problems as deterrents to the program. Industrial unions, including Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers, are opposed to any plan explicitly exempting employers from surprise safety checks. Companies could get exemptions from health & safety inspections by naming an OSHA-approved employee or committee to oversee on-site safety. In a union shop, the union's approval would be required for participation.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 121 
788559
OSHA is setting up a uniform policy to standardize when an employer can be cited for repeated health and safety violations to replace diverse guidelines developed at individual local and regional OSHA offices. Chemical & Engineering News July 5, 1982 p. 13
Companies with 'effective voluntary established safety and health programs that go beyond OSHA requirements' will be exempt from scheduled OSHA inspections 'to encourage more companies to start voluntary safety programs.' OSHA inspectors will offer employers assistance in correcting hazards found in work places.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 122 
782476
OSHA and industry are debating the controversial right-to-know issue to determine how much information firms must give employees about workplace substances.
#Chemical Week June 30, 1982 p. 36-41
Chemical industry groups, which usually oppose across-the-board regulations, are backing the federal preemption of state and local right-to-know statutes, while S Krekel of Oil Chemical & Atomic Workers believes 'It's a right-to-conceal standard.' The proposed rule would require chemical manufacturers to inform workers and industrial customers about hazardous substances, providing an up-to-date list of hazardous substances, labeling all containers and training employees to handle them. According to unions and their allies, 25 mil workers are exposed to circumstances termed hazardous by NIOSH. State bills help to explain industry's adamant support of preemption; New York requires producers to identify the entire NIOSH list of 40, 000 substances commmonly used in industry to employees, and other states have very different requirements. Some manufacturers are concerned that lists of chemical components might inadvertently reveal the process used to make them. Some right-to-know advocates think that producers fear better-documented linkage between disease and occupational exposure, but industry counters that it does not want the expense or nuisance of keeping records. Local communities are beginning to push for strong right-to-know laws, with some requiring firms to provide the chemical substances used, how much is present and what the firm does with it.
*1USA *United States *9913550 *Workplace Carcinogens *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913550 Workplace Carcinogens 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 123 
777321
OSHA wants to exempt 474, 000 employers from keeping illness and injury logs under a new proposal which will take effect 1/1/83 if there is no substantial objection. Automotive News June 7, 1982 p. 59
Since most businesses and service industries experience less than 2 injuries/establishment/yr, most employers and employees would be able to recall any injury-producing accident without referring to OHSA injury/illness logs. OSHA will continue to inspect establishments in response to employee complaints and as part of its investigation of fatalities, multiple hospitalization incidents and imminent danger situations.
*1USA *United States *5500000 *Automotive Sales & Service *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 5500000 Automotive Sales & Service 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 124 
773213
Organized labor and state officials are concerned about a federal govt move to restrict a state's power to set safety standards. Chemical Week June 2, 1982 p. 62
OSHA administrator TG Auchter sent a memo to state OSHA directors suggesting that states be severely restrained from issuing health and safety standards that differ from those of the federal govt because multistate employers may suffer 'unnecessary burdens' from differing state rules and states should not waste time and effort covering the same ground as the federal law. OSHA may respond to the problem by reviewing state standards more closely to determine if they 'unduly burden interstate commerce; ' requiring states to adopt OSHA rules before they adopt their own on a given hazard; and withholding OSHA funding for separate standards-setting activities.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 125 
773212
OSHA may revoke over 200 'unenforceable' regulations. Chemical Week June 2, 1982 p. 62
The difficulty arises from OSHA's verbatim adoption of standards used by American Natl Standards Inst. These standards use the advisory word 'should, ' rather than the mandatory word 'shall.' Employers have continually challenged the agency's attempts to enforce rules included in OSHA's general industry standards that are based on 'should.' The advisory rules in question include working surfaces, spray finishing, ventilation and materials handling.
*1USA *United States *9108651 *Occupational Safety Regulation *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 126 
772281
OSHA has revised policy to place more emphasis on preinspection consultation, which could foster a more cooperative, less adversarial relationship with industry, according to J Foster, OSHA director of information and consumer affairs. Package Engineering April 1982 p. 17
Plant inspections will be targeted for plants classified as high hazard manufacturers and those in which the lost workday rate due to accidents is above the national 5.2/employee/yr average. OSHA will not initiate plant inspections based on informal complaints by employees; the area director will notify the employer by letter that a complaint was made regarding a particular health or safety hazard at the plant. If the employer responds satisfactorily, showing the director that the hazard has been abated or that the complaint was ungrounded, there will be no inspection in 90% of those cases. Formal complaints, submitted in writing and signed by employees, will not result in an inspection if the complaint 'does not establish reasonable grounds to believe that a violation threatening physical harm or an imminent danger exist. Finally, instead of contesting a citation, which could result in expensive and time-consuming legal action, a manufacturer may meet with the area director to discuss the citation and attempt to reach an information settlement agreement out of court. This procedure has already reduced the contest rate for citations from 22% to 8% nationally, freed compliance officers to concentrate on inspection duties, vs conferring with attorneys or appearing in court, and resulted in faster abatement of hazards. Article lists regional OSHA offices and examines criticisms of OSHA.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 127 
763554
OSHA's amended standard on occupational exposure to lead allows for the use of respirators where engineering and work practice controls are infeasible for meeting the permissible exposure limit. Modern Paint & Coatings April 1982 p. 69, 70
The amendments set the PEL at 50 micro-g of lead/m3 of air averaged over 8 hrs.
*1USA *United States *3332000 *Lead *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 3332000 Lead 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 128 
763448
OSHA's new 4-step program for setting and reviewing standards is described by OSHA Administrator T Auchter. Cosmetics & Toiletries March 1982 p. 17
Since OSHA's regional directors were given the power to settle company violation citations, contested citations have dropped from 23% to 9%. The 4 steps for setting health standards include showing that a significant risk exists, demonstrating that a standard will reduce that risk, setting an employee exposure level based on scientific and economic data and ensuring that the means of control are cost-effective.
*1USA *United States *9215300 *Income Security-State *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 129 
755047
The Synthetic Organic Chemical Mfrs Assn (SOCMA) is supporting voluntary workplace standards that would require only one-time approval by OSHA for firms with good health and safety records. Chemical Marketing Reporter April 12, 1982 p. 5, 16
R Lang, SOCMA exec dir, believes that firms with sophisticated safety and health programs can and should be allowed to regulate themselves. Firms eligible for self-regulation should meet the following criteria: management and employee programs that provide training in health and safety protection and hazard recognition; planned self-audits; prescribed practices, procedures and rules aimed at protecting employees' safety and health; prompt and thorough investigation of accidents; use of protective equipment; and monitoring and complaint procedures.
*1USA *United States *2860000 *Organic Chemicals *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2860000 Organic Chemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 130 
752208
OSHA critics have Congress' ear in hearings held on recent fatal mine accidents, the lack of OSHA regulation enforcement, and EPA enforcement activities.
#Business Week Industrial Edition April 12, 1982 p. 44B-H
OSHA penalties are down 65%, FDA enforcement actions have dropped 45% and case referrals from EPA to the Justice Dept have fallen 69%. The Reagan Admin's assumption that voluntarism will generate more compliance than compulsion and the agencies' regulatory review and relaxed standards have pushed more of the compliance enforcement role onto states. The debate between industry and critics is reviewed.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 131 
749487
OSHA has issued a proposal calling for the labeling of hazardous substances present in the workplace. Chemical & Engineering News March 29, 1982 p. 6, 7
It requires chemical producers to assess the hazards of chemicals that they produce, and all employers having plants in the manufacturing sector, SIC Codes 20-39, to provide information to their employees about the hazards by means of hazard communication programs, including labels, placards, material safety data sheets, information and training and access to written records. Once employers determine which chemicals are hazardous, they are required to label every container in the workplace with the identity of the hazardous chemical contaied therein and with hazard warnings. Containers are defined as any bag, box, cylinder, drum, storage tank, reaction vessel or the like that contains a hazardous chemical. Generic names can be used to mask ingredients that are trade secrets unless the chemical is a carcinogen, mutagen or teratogen, or is a cause of significant damage to human organisms or body systems. P Joyce of the Chemical Mfrs Assn contends the proposal is a vast improvement over the one offered by the Carter Admin despite its high cost. S Samuels of the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Dept contends that the proposal doesn't meet the objectives spelled out in the OSHA Act that workers know the names of the chemicals to which they are exposed.
*1USA *United States *4958000 *Toxic Substances Control *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 4958000 Toxic Substances Control 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 132 
744244
OSHA has issued a new proposal for a hazardous communications standard for chemical and other employers, which envisions a system of materials-safety data sheets, labeling and worker training that would be provided by all employers in manufacturing industries. Chemical Week March 24, 1982 p. 17, 18
Chemical process industries, which would be responsible for assessing potential safety and health hazards, and communicating the information to its workers and customers.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 133 
743532
OSHA has issued a directive detailing when agency compliance officers can cite employers for violating the 'general duty clause, ' which requires a safe and healthful workplace. Chemical & Engineering News March 22, 1982 p. 33
First the hazard must be recognized--known to the employer's industry or the employers or be apparent on the basis of common sense. It must be a serious threat to worker health or safety, and there must be a feasible means to correct the problem. The directive warns against using the general duty clause to impose a stricter requirement than that set by a specific OSHA standard, to require a particular abatement method not set forth in a specific OSHA standard, or enforce standards adopted initially by OSHA as consensus standards that contained the word 'should' rather than 'shall.'
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 134 
741732
The US Labor Dept has rewritten rules for enforcing the Occupational Safety & Health Act. American Metal Market March 22, 1982 p. 1, 21
Federal safety and health inspectors received orders to limit their power to enforce the law requiring an employer to provide a generally safe workplace. The general duty clause had said an employer shall furnish employees a place of employment free from recognized hazards causing or likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Instructions now say that recognizing a hazard is not all that it takes to prompt a citation or orders to correct or remove the hazard; the hazard also must be 'serious and capable of being corrected by feasible means.' The new enforcement rules prohibit orders for engineering controls when equipment like gas masks, carplugs or gloves might be used; enforcement of standards that use the word 'should; ' and citations that rely on standards adopted by agencies or set by any group besides OSHA itself, such as standards commonly used by OSHA but established by the American National Standards Inst.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 135 
740813
The US Office of Management & Budget is still branding a $500mil labeling program, proposed by OSHA, as too expensive. Chemical Engineering February 22, 1982 p. 23
The agencies are continuing to disagree over the plan's price after the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief was called upon to referee the dispute. The AFL-CIO, some chemical firms and trade associations are calling for the release of the OSHA proposal for public comment. The present OSHA labeling plan is a scaled down version of a $2.5 bil plan offered by the Carter Admin. The current program would establish a system of placards, material-safety data sheets, training and educational programs to inform workers and employees of potential dangers from toxic or combustible agents.
*1USA *United States *2800000 *Chemicals *94 *prod safety rules 1USA United States 2800000 Chemicals 94 prod safety rules 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 94 prod safety rules 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 94 prod safety rules

Y037016 136 
740351
The Occupational Safety & Health Admin said it will lessen the amount of inspections initiated by employee complaints. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern SP edition February 2, 1982 p. 37
T Auchter, manager of the Labor Dept Div, said that OSHA would center its activities on investigating those complaints of workers who encounter the largest and most immediate chance of illness or injury. The agency is restricting standards it uses for instigating inspections. Now, the agency will just examine complaints which give evidence indicating a violation which endangers the worker. In addition, if a firm's safety history is acceptable, an inspection will be confined to the complaint zone. The OSHA is narrowing its inspections to companies with poor records. Auchter stressed that the organization do something about the majority of complaints it gets.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 137 
731108
OSHA's new guidelines tighten its criteria for conducting inspections in response to worker complaints. Chemical & Engineering News February 8, 1982 p. 25
It will continue to respond to all complaints, but inspections will be targeted on workplaces with serious hazards. OSHA will continue to respond to written formal complaints made by current employees and their designated representatives (not former employees), who establish establish reasonable grounds to conclude that alleged violations threatening physical harm or imminent danger exist. Inspections will focus on the complaint area and inspections of whole plants will not be conducted unless an inspection of the records is warranted. OSHA conducted 57, 241 inspections in FY81, 23% of which were made in response to complaints. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *94 *labor regulatn 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 94 labor regulatn

Y037016 138 
730639
OSHA has issued new reguations to clarify when it may ask workers to wear sampling devices as a reasonable investigative technique. Chemical Week February 24, 1982 p. 62
Former regulations were criticized as not making it clear that the devices such as noise dosimeters and air sampling pumps were reasonable investigative techniques. Some courts had maintained that OSHA had no power to force employees to wear the devices if a company had a policy against use of such devices.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 139 
730175
OSHA wants employers and workers to set up their own routine safety programs, while OSHA would oversee them, halt routine inspections to allow itself to concentrate on more serious matters.
#Business Insurance January 25, 1982 p. 6
Voluntary inspection projects must contain one of 3 safety programs: employee participation programs, management initiative programs or private sector support for small business.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 140 
728459
OSHA will reduce the number of workplace inspections resulting from employee complaints to deal with a large backlog of such inspections which built up during the previous Admin. Chemical Marketing Reporter February 8, 1982 p. 7, 27
OSHA has 1, 200 inspectors to monitor 3 mil workplaces, and will target its complaint inspections toward those facilities where the threat of physical harm or imminent danger exists. The agency will deal with complaints it deems serious by sending a letter to the firm involved directing that the hazard be eliminated. OSHA plans to spot-check some 10% of these firms to make sure that they have complied with its directives. Complaint inspections of companies with good records and hazardous industries will be limited to the specific area of the complaint.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 141 
725787
National Hazards Control Inst (Alpha, NJ) has a new 30-min video tape, 'Corrosive Chemical Safety, ' to improve employee awareness of proper handling techniques for various hazardous materials. News Release for further information apply to company indexed February 1982 p. 1
(Natl Hazards new release)
*1USA *United States *2800400 *Industrial Chemicals *23 *safety mgmt 1USA United States 9913520 Safety Training 28 employee training

Y037016 142 
723557
OSHA is trying to eliminate adversarial relationships by listening to all sides, not just organized labor. Chemical Business (Supplement to Chemical Marketing Reporter) February 8, 1982 p. 39-43
Although worker safety and health continue to be the foremost goal of OSHA, Director TG Auchter has sought to streamline the agency and put it on a more businesslike and cost-accountable basis. 'The most dramatic and productive changes will occur in the areas of attitude, program mix and management, ' according to Auchter. Organized labor argues that OSHA has retreated from its tough standards of enforcement involving carcinogens, cotton dust, benzene, lead, ethylene oxide, noise pollution and hazardous materials labeling. OSHA wants to eliminate the publication of lists of suspected carcinogens, on the premise that the lists are perceived by the public as official conclusions. Also, OSHA wants to use data that tend to prove a substance is noncarcinogenic and it plans to reconsider the cost-effectiveness of its standards. AFL-CIO claims that OSHA, through such programs as joint employer-employee committees, is trying to separate employee rights from union rights and, is seeking to reduce unions' role in workplace safety and health. AFL-CIO has had to rely on the Federal Register and newspapers to learn about OSHA's activities. Auchter is reconsidering regulations that may be overcomplicated, unworkable, unenforceable or don't provide sufficient benefits to justify the cost of implementing them, and is weighing requests to issue emergency temporary standards to reduce the allowable workplace levels of formaldehyde and ethylene oxide, suspected carcinogens. AFL-CIO's statics show the total number of occupational health and safety inspections fell 29%, 'serious' citations fell 30%, penalties 44% and the average number of employees covered by inspections fell 14% in 1981 vs 1980. OSHA calls the figures misleading since the agency is eliminating unnecessary inspections and minor citations.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 143 
723302
The new thrust of OSHA noise control in the Reagan era is toward performance standards, rather than specifying the steps the employer must take to protect workers from noise.
#Compressed Air January 1982 p. 8-13
The new rules, most of them written during the Carter Admin, will cut the costs of compliance to $181 mil, a substantial saving on the $234-269 mil cost estimates for the 1/81 hearing conservation amendments. The OSHA performance standard alternative to the current hearing conservation standard requires employer sponsored annual audiograms of employees exposed to noise in excess of an 8 hr time-weighted average sound level of 85 dBA which will be reviewed by qualified audiologists, otolaryngologists or physicians to identify employees whose hearing acuity has diminished more than normal. These employees are then instructed in the proper use of hearing protection when working in noisy areas.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 4955000 Noise Abatement 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 4955000 Noise Abatement 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 144 
721012
OSHA will focus enforcement at multiemployer worksites on the employer responsible for a hazard, rather than the employer in overall charge of the project. Chemical Engineering January 11, 1982 p. 20
Multiemployer worksites include construction projects managed by one firm but carried out by another. Previously, OSHA inspectors had cited the employer of a worker exposed to a hazard instead of the employer that controlled the harmful condition. Chemical plants that have maintenance or other types of contracts with outside firms could be affected by the ruling. (article contains little further information)
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 145 
718140
OSHA will eliminate 75% of its present routine safety inspection visits, concentrating instead on some 27% of companies whose workday injury rate exceeds the national average of 5.7%. Cosmetics & Toiletries December 1981 p. 22
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety

Y037016 146 
706386
Benefit-cost analysis of environmental health and safety regulation is needed to avoid both over- and underregulation, says J Mendeloff of U of Calif (San Diego).
#Regulation (AEI Journal on Government & Society) October 1981 p. 47-52
The intensiveness of some regulation has led to cost-inefficiency; OSHA standards for carcinogens have resulted in average costs/cancer death averted of $20.2 mil for arsenic, $18.9 mil for benzene, $4.5 mil coke-oven emissions, and $3.5 mil for acrylonitrile. For the asbestos standard, however, which accounts for almost 90% of all the estimated fatal cancers averted by all 5 standards, the average costs are below $200, 000 and perhaps below $100, 000, as determined by J Morrall and I Broder. While the overregulation argument has some credibility, the argument that regulation has not been extensive enough can also be made on a cost-benefit basis. Standards that cover 5 areas with a reduction of 50% are more likely to be cost-effective than a single standard calling for a reduction of 95%. The Toxic Substances Control Act (1976) authorizes EPA to regulate the use of 55, 000 potentially hazardous chemicals. EPA has addressed only 3 of the 42 items on the Interagency Testing Committee's list. The delay may be necessary to obtain information and achieve the desired inverse relationship between scope and intensity.
*1USA *United States *9913510 *Safety Standards & Inspection *93 *occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9106400 Pollution Control & Abatement 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9106400 Pollution Control & Abatement 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9108651 Occupational Safety Regulation 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913510 Safety Standards & Inspection 93 occupatnl safety 1USA United States 9913700 Environmental Management 93 pollution regulatn 1USA United States 9913700 Environmental Management 93 pollution regulatn

Y037016 147 
696512
Self-inspection by labor-management panels and good safety records will keep OSHA out of the workplace. Wall Street Journal 3 Star, Eastern SP edition September 22, 1981 p. 1