Y032008 1
1571560 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512122056
MECHANICAL DEGRADATION OF GLASS FIBERS DURING COMPOUNDING WITH POLYPROPYLENE.
Fisa, B.
Natl Research Co. of Canada, Industrial Materials Research Inst, Boucherville, Que, Can
Polymer Composites v 6 n 4 Oct 1985, Compos '84, Boucherville, Que, Can, Nov 20 1984 p 232-241 CODEN: PCOMDI
ISSN: 0272-8397
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); T; - (Theoretical)
The objective was to study the fiber length degradation during compounding of glass fiber with polypropylene. The effect of parameters such as viscosity, total work, concentration on fiber length and dispersion was studied using an automatic particle size analyzer. (Edited author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *POLYPROPYLENE--*Fillers; GLASS FIBER--Applications; PLASTICS--Processing
Ident.: MECHANICAL DEGRADATION; COMPOUNDING PROCEDURE; FIBER LENGTH DISTRIBUTION
Class. Codes: 816 (Plastics, Plant Equipment & Processes); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 817 (Plastics, Products & Applications); 931 (Applied Physics); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 2
1571547 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512122817
COMPLEXES OF LANTHANOID SALTS WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. PART 21. SANDWICH COMPLEXES BETWEEN LANTHANOID (III) IONS AND UNSUBSTITUTED 15-CROWN-5 AND 18-CROWN-6 ETHERS.
Bunzli, Jean-Claude G.; Giorgetti, Aldo
Univ de Lausanne, Inst de Chimie Minerale et Analytique, Lausanne, Switz
Journal of the Less-Common Metals v 112 Oct 1985, Proc of the Int Rare Earth Conf, Pt 3, Zurich, Switz, Mar 4-8 1985 p 355-361 CODEN: JCOMAH
ISSN: 0022-5088
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Lanthanoid hexafluorophosphates react with 15-crown-5 and 18-crown-6 ethers to give sandwich complexes Ln (PF//6)//3 (C//1//0H//2//0O//5)//2 (Ln EQUIVALENT La-Sm, Gd) and Ln (PF//6)//3 (C//1//2H//2//4O//6)//2 (Ln EQUIVALENT Ce, Nd). These complexes have a limited thermal stability and their decomposition temperature ranges from 40 to 100 DEGREE C. The Ln (PF//6)//3 (C//1//0H//2//0O//5)//2 complexes present two isostructural series: Ln EQUIVALENT La-Nd, and Ln EQUIVALENT Sm, Gd. The two sandwich complexes with 18-crown-6 ether are also isostructural. Vibrational spectra confirm these findings and indicate the coordination of both polyethers while the anions remain uncoordinated. The magnetic moments of the Ln (III) ions in the complexes are slightly smaller than those of the free ions (1-7%). (Edited author abstract). 11 refs.
Desc.: *RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS; SALTS
Ident.: LANTHANOID SALTS; MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS; ETHERS; SANDWICH COMPLEXES
Class. Codes: 547 (Precious & Rare Earth Metals & Alloys); 804 (Chemical Products); 505 (Mines & Mining, Nonmetallic); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING)

Y032008 3
1571528 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512122881
SELECTION RULES FOR RARE EARTH MAGNETIC CIRCULAR DICHROISM SPECTRA.
Gorller-Walrand, C.; Fluyt-Adriaens, L.
Univ of Leuven, Lab of Inorganic Chemistry, Heverlee, Belg
Journal of the Less-Common Metals v 112 Oct 1985, Proc of the Int Rare Earth Conf, Pt 3, Zurich, Switz, Mar 4-8 1985 p 175-191 CODEN: JCOMAH
ISSN: 0022-5088
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: T; (Theoretical)
Selection rules have been derived to determine the sign of the A//1-term (i. e., the characteristic derivative-shaped magnetic circular dichroism) with respect to the magnetic dipole and the induced electric dipole mechanisms. (Edited author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *RARE EARTH ELEMENTS--*Magnetic Properties
Class. Codes: 547 (Precious & Rare Earth Metals & Alloys); 804 (Chemical Products); 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 931 (Applied Physics); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 4
1571526 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512116376
INFLUENCE OF 4f ELECTRONS ON CHEMISTRY AND VARIOUS SPECTROMETRIES.
Jorgensen, Christian K.
Univ de Geneve, Dep de Chimie Minerale, Geneva, Switz
Journal of the Less-Common Metals v 112 Oct 1985, Proc of the Int Rare Earth Conf, Pt 3, Zurich, Switz, Mar 4-8 1985 p 141-152 CODEN: JCOMAH
ISSN: 0022-5088
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The 4f group is the only one of the five transition groups in condensed matter to exhibit a large difference (8 ev) between ionization energy, I, and electron affinity; a spread of the numerous J-levels over 6-15 ev for q
= 2-12; the parameters of the refined spin-pairing treatment provide similar I for (7 PLUS q) and q electrons; and photo-electron and optical spectra have clarified the better and lesser known areas of quantum chemistry. (Author abstract) 75 refs.
Desc.: *ELECTRONS; QUANTUM THEORY
Ident.: QUANTUM MECHANICS; CHEMICAL BONDING; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA; ELECTRON AFFINITY
Class. Codes: 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 931 (Applied Physics); 932 (High Energy, Nuclear & Plasma Physics); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 5
1571486 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512117545
RIGIDITY PERCOLATION IN GLASSY STRUCTURES.
Thorpe, M. F.
Michigan State Univ, Dep of Physics & Astronomy, East Lansing, MI, USA
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids v 76 n 1 Nov II 1985, Proc of the Workshop on Res Oppor in Amorphous Solids with Pulsed Neutron Sources, Argonne, IL, Apr 17-19 1985 p 109-116 CODEN: JNCSBJ
ISSN: 0022-3093
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (- Experimental)
We review the new concept of rigidity percolation and show that if local flexible units are joined together to form a network, the composite consists of floppy and rigid regions. When the rigid regions percolate, the whole network becomes rigid and resists attempts at elastic deformation. These ideas are applied to network glasses. It is shown that in the floppy region there exist low-frequency modes that should show up in inelastic neutron scattering. (Author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *GLASS--*Microstructure; NEUTRONS--Scattering
Ident.: RIGIDITY PERCOLATION; INELASTIC NEUTRONS SCATTERING; POLYMERIC GLASS
Class. Codes: 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 932 (High Energy, Nuclear & Plasma Physics); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 6
1571472 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512121388
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, LT-17.
Eckern, Ulrich (Ed. ); Schmid, A. (Ed. ); Weber, W. (Ed. ); Wuehel, H. (Ed. )
Univ Karlsruhe, Fakultaet fuer Physik, Karlsruhe, West Ger
Proc of the 17th Int Conf on Low Temp Phys, LT-17, Karlsruhe, West Ger, Aug 15-22 1984 Publ by North-Holland, Amsterdam, Neth and New York, NY, USA, 1984 2 vol, 1404p
ISBN: 0-444-86910-7
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 06878; 05410 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings)
The proceedings contains 694 papers. Some of the topics covered are: superfluid helium 3; superconductivity and magnetism; nuclear magnetic ordering; microfabrication; sound in liquid helium 4 and mixtures; refractories and other transition metal compounds; Josephson junctions; heavy fermion superconductors; multilayers, superlattices; solid helium 3; excitations in glasses; small cryocoolers and high sensitivity measuring devices; ions and films; flow and turbulence; amorphous materials; standards and precision measurements; interfaces and surfaces; spin glasses; digital applications of tunnel junctions; spin-polarized hydrogen; pinning; monochromatic phonons, acoustic microscopy, and Kapitza resistance; A-15 compounds; localization; networks of weak links; unusual superconductors; quantum oscillations; critical phenomena; proximity effect/penetration depth; chaos and noise; charge density waves; transition metals and alloys; and low dimensional conductors. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 06878 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc. Additional papers published in a journal issue are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 05410.
Desc.: *PHYSICS--*Low Temperature Effects; HELIUM--Low Temperature Effects; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES--Josephson Junctions; METALS AND ALLOYS; PHONONS
Ident.: SPIN GLASSES; SUPERFLUIDS; LOCALIZATION EFFECTS; CRITICAL PHENOMENA; EIREV
Class. Codes: 644 (Refrigeration & Cryogenics); 804 (Chemical Products); 704 (Electric Components & Equipment); 531 (Metallurgy & Metallography); 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 931 (Applied Physics); 64 (HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 7
1571452 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512112600
LIPOSOMES FOR GENE TRANSFER AND EXPRESSION IN VIVO.
Nicolau, C.; Soriano, Ph.; Legrand, A.
Cent de Biophysique Moleculaire, Orleans, Fr
Colloids and Surfaces v 14 n 3-4 Jun 1985, Phys Chem of Colloids and Interfaces Biotechnol and Drug Res, Pap presented at the Int Conf, Pt B, Paris, Fr, Sep 27-30 1983 p 325-337 CODEN: COSUD3
ISSN: 0166-6622
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
A recombinant plasmid encoding for rate preproinsulin I was encapsulated in large lipsomes and injected intravenously into rats. Glycemia and blood, splenic and hepatic insulin were assayed from 6 h after inoculation. Control animals received (i) empty liposomes, (ii) liposomes carrying the E. coli pBR322 plasmid, (iii) the free rat insulin I gene or (iv) no injection. All controls showed unchanged glucose and insulin levels. Six hours after inoculation the treated rats had 72 PLUS OR MINUS 5 mg glucose per 100 ml of blood, compared with 107 PLUS OR MINUS 2 mg for controls. Radioimmunoassay of blood insulin gave 61 PLUS OR MINUS 8 MU U ml** MINUS **1 (43 PLUS OR MINUS 5 MU U ml** MINUS **1 for controls). (Edited author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
Ident.: PLASMID ENCODING; GENE TRANSFER; LIPOSOMES
Class. Codes: 461 (Biotechnology); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 46 (BIOENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 8
1571447 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512116213
INFLUENCE OF SODIUM DODECYLSULPHATE AND OF INORGANIC ELECTROLYTES ON THE MICELLAR SOLUBILIZATION OF BUTOBARBITONE IN AQUEOUS POLYOXYETHYLENE LAURYL ETHER SOLUTIONS AT 298. 15 K.
Treiner, Claude; Vaution, Catherine; Miralles, Edgar; Puisieux, Francis
Univ de Paris 6 (Pierre et Marie Curie), Lab d'Electrochimie, Paris, Fr
Colloids and Surfaces v 14 n 3-4 Jun 1985, Phys Chem of Colloids and Interfaces Biotechnol and Drug Res, Pap presented at the Int Conf, Pt B, Paris, Fr, Sep 27-30 1983 p 285-292 CODEN: COSUD3
ISSN: 0166-6622
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The partition coefficient between water and the micellar phase of a barbituric acid, butobarbitone, has been determined in mixed aqueous solutions of two surfactants: sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene (23) laury ether (PEO 23). The partition coefficient of barbitone decreases when mixed micelles are formed. The effective composition of the mixed micelles is calculated from critical micelle concentration data obtained from surface-tension measurements, using the model of regular solutions. It is shown that small quantities of SDS in the mixed micelles have a large effect on the solubilization of butobarbitone; a larger quantity of POE 23 is needed to obtain the same results. (Edited author abstract) 9 refs.
Desc.: *ELECTROLYTES; SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS; DRUG PRODUCTS
Ident.: SODIUM DODECYLSULFATE; MICELLAR SOLUBILIZATION; BUTOBARBITONE; SURFACTANTS
Class. Codes: 702 (Electric Batteries & Fuel Cells); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 803 (Chemical Agents & Basic Industrial Chemicals); 804 (Chemical Products); 462 (Medical Engineering & Equipment); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 46 (BIOENGINEERING)

Y032008 9
1571444 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512112595
ROLE OF MEMBRANE LIPIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE RHEOLOGY.
Hanss, Maxime; Koutsouris, Dimitri
UER, Lab de Biophysique Appliquee, Paris, Fr
Colloids and Surfaces v 14 n 3-4 Jun 1985, Phys Chem of Colloids and Interfaces Biotechnol and Drug Res, Pap presented at the Int Conf, Pt B, Paris, Fr, Sep 27-30 1983 p 261-268 CODEN: COSUD3
ISSN: 0166-6622
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Red blood cell (RBC) deformability has been studied by an initial filtration flow-rate method between 4 and 50 DEGREE C, for the intact cells and their membranes. For normal RBCs, the deformability is essentially the same for the intact cell and the membrane. In particular, a thermal transition is found in the 15-20 DEGREE C range (cells and membranes becoming more rigid over this range). Such a transition has also been described for artificial lipid bilayers. Moreover, when comparing the RBC rheology of patients with that of controls, or the RBC from different mammals, the membrane phospholipids/cholesterol ratio is the only factor which has been correlated so far with increased RBC rigidity (for normal haemoglobin). (Edited author abstract) 34 refs.
Desc.: *BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS--Blood; MEMBRANES; RHEOLOGY
Ident.: CELL DEFORMABILITY; ERYTHROCYTE RHEOLOGY; LIPIDS
Class. Codes: 461 (Biotechnology); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 631 (Fluid Flow & Hydrodynamics); 931 (Applied Physics); 46 (BIOENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 63 (FLUID DYNAMICS & VACUUM TECHNOLOGY); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 10
1571429 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512120309
DEVELOPMENT OF OCEAN MINING IN THE RED SEA.
Amann, Hans
Preussag Marine Technology Dep, Hanover, West Ger
Marine Mining v 5 n 2 1985, Polymet Sulfide Deposits, San Francisco, CA, USA, Sep 1 1983 p 103-116 CODEN: MARMDK
ISSN: 0149-0397
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
Base and precious metals (Zn, Cu, Ag, Au) in hydrothermal sediment of the Atlantis II Deep in the Central Red Sea at water depths of more than 2, 000 m have caused considerable scientific attention and technical development during the last 15 years. In 1976, the Saudi-Sudanese Red Sea Commission awarded a contract to Preussag AG, a mining and engineering company in Hannover, West Germany, to develop environmentally sound methods of ocean mining and beneficiation and to assess the economics of the project. Results of the research, development, and analysis that are directly or indirectly applicable to the polymetallic sulfide deposits of mid-ocean ridges are discussed. Refs.
Desc.: *MINERAL INDUSTRY AND RESOURCES--*Subaqueous; MINES AND MINING--Red Sea
Ident.: RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT; ATLANTIS II PROJECT; OCEAN MINING
Class. Codes: 501 (Exploration & Prospecting); 502 (Mine & Quarry Equipment & Operations); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING)

Y032008 11
1571422 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512123243
RECRYSTALLIZATION AND TEXTURE FORMATION DURING HOT ROLLING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL.
Saito, Hoshihiro; Sakai, Tetsuo; Takeda, Kenzo; Kato, Kenzo
Osaka Univ, Dep of Materials Science & Engineering, Suita, Jpn
Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan v 25 n 10 1985, Prepr for the 109th ISIJ Meet, Tokyo, Jpn, Apr 1-3 1985 p B. 275 CODEN: TISJBB
ISSN: 0021-1583
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
This work investigated further the nature of recrystallization by determining the change in preferred orientation and substructure. Cold rolled and annealed stainless steel sheet (2. 1mm thick, 0. 08%C-18. 4%Cr-9. 2%Ni) was used. The rolled strip was directly quenched at exit from the rolling mill. The holding time before quenching was varied by 3. 5, 15, 60 and 250ms. Some strip was air cooled after rolling. 2 refs.
Desc.: *ROLLING MILL PRACTICE--*Hot Rolling; IRON AND STEEL METALLOGRAPHY--Recrystallization; STAINLESS STEEL--Deformation; STEEL HEAT TREATMENT--Quenching
Ident.: TEXTURES; COLD ROLLING; DIRECT QUENCHING; ORIENTATION
Class. Codes: 535 (Rolling, Forging & Forming); 531 (Metallurgy & Metallography); 545 (Iron & Steel); 421 (Materials Properties); 537 (Heat Treatment); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 12
1571417 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512119613
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MARAGING STEEL FOR ALUMINUM DIE CASTING MOLD (DEVELOPMENT OF MOLD STEELS WITH EXCELLENT THERMAL FATIGUE PROPERTIES - IV).
Sagara, Noriyoshi; Nakao, Masakazu; Morimoto, Hiroyuki; Hosomi, Koji
Kobe Steel Ltd, Materials Research Lab, Kobe, Jpn
Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan v 25 n 10 1985, Prepr for the 109th ISIJ Meet, Tokyo, Jpn, Apr 1-3 1985 p B. 270 CODEN: TISJBB
ISSN: 0021-1583
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Specimens with nominal chemical composition of 7 to 15%Ni-3 to 11%Cr-5%Mo-0 to 20%Cr-1. 5 to 2. 0Ti-0. 1 to 1. 0% Al-0 to 1. 0Si were melted in a vacuum induction furnace. The ingots were homogenized at 1200 DEGREE C and hot forged. To evaluate these materials, the transformation temperature, hardening, high temperature strength, thermal fatigue and low cycle fatigue at high temperatures and corrosion resistance to molten aluminum alloys were tested in comparison with commercial maraging steel and SKD61 steel. 1 ref.
Desc.: *MARAGING STEEL--*Fatigue; ALUMINUM FOUNDRY PRACTICE-- Molding; THERMAL EFFECTS; STEEL CORROSION
Ident.: THERMAL FATIGUE; M19; M21; DIE CASTING MOLDS
Class. Codes: 545 (Iron & Steel); 534 (Foundry Practice); 421 (Materials Properties); 539 (Metals Corrosion & Protection); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 13
1571356 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512118802
GRAIN REFINING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS BY ALPHA TO GAMMA REVERSION.
Takaki, Setsuo; Tanimoto, Seiji; Tokunaga, Youichi
Kyusyu Univ, Dep of Iron & Steel Metallurgy, Higashi, Jpn
Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan v 25 n 9 1985, Prepr for the 109th ISIJ Meet, Tokyo, Jpn, Apr 1-3 1985 p B-223 CODEN: TISJBB
ISSN: 0021-1583
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The purpose of the investigation was to determine a suitable chemical composition in Fe-Cr-Ni for reversion treatment and to discuss the grain refining mechanism. Steels with 12-18%Cr and 9-13%Ni were cast. The steel used was 15. 66%Cr, 9. 9%Ni, 0. 003%C, and 0. 004%N. The 0. 2% proof stress of a specimen subjected to 90% pre-cold rolling is 70kg/mm**2, about three times as large as that of SUS 304 steel. 1 ref.
Desc.: *IRON AND STEEL METALLOGRAPHY--*Microstructures; STAINLESS STEEL--Mechanical Properties; ROLLING MILL PRACTICE--Cold Rolling
Ident.: GRAIN REFINING; REVERSION; TYPE 304
Class. Codes: 531 (Metallurgy & Metallography); 545 (Iron & Steel); 421 (Materials Properties); 535 (Rolling, Forging & Forming); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 14
1571331 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512124786
HYDROGEN ATTACK PRODUCED BY AN ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD USING MOLTEN SALTS.
Tsubakino, Harushige; Ando, Atsushi; Masuda, Takashi; Yamakawa, Koji
Univ of Osaka Prefecture, Coll of Engineering, Sakai, Jpn
Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan v 25 n 9 1985 p 999-1001 CODEN: TISJBB
ISSN: 0021-1583
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
A hydrogen attack test has been performed in a hydrogen gas atmosphere of high pressure and high temperature using a pressure vessel. Hydrogen attack in steel can be produced easily in a simple apparatus by an electrochemical method using molten salts. Then, this method is useful for a hydrogen attack test. The amount of charging current density is largest in sodium hydroxide followed by chloride salt and least in sulfate salt. 15 refs.
Desc.: *STEEL--*Hydrogen Embrittlement; STEEL TESTING; SALTS--Fused
Ident.: HYDROGEN ATTACK; HIGH PRESSURE; HIGH TEMPERATURE; HYDROGEN ATTACK TESTING
Class. Codes: 545 (Iron & Steel); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 505 (Mines & Mining, Nonmetallic); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING)

Y032008 15
1571323 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512112810
EVAPORATION- AND ABSORPTION-RATE OF POTASSIUM THROUGH BLAST-FURNACE SLAG.
Amatatsu, Masayoshi; Stuts, Volker; Gudenau, Heinrich Wilhelm
Univ of Tokyo, Dep of Metallurgy & Materials Science, Tokyo, Jpn
Transactions of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan v 25 n 9 1985 p 949-952 CODEN: TISJBB
ISSN: 0021-1583
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Evaporation of potassium from slag was investigated in order to estimate the effect of chemical composition and temperature. The evaporation rate increased with addition of FeO, CaO and MgO and decreased with addition of amphoteric oxides such as alumina and titanium dioxide. Addition of MgO substituted by CaO under constant basicity B = (CaO PLUS MgO)/SiO//2 affected positively the delayed evaporation of potassium oxide. (Edited author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *BLAST FURNACE PRACTICE--*Physical Chemistry; POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS--Absorption
Ident.: ABSORPTION RATE; EVAPORATION RATE; ALKALI CAPACITY; POTASSIUM OXIDE; BLAST-FURNACE SLAG
Class. Codes: 533 (Ore Treatment & Metal Refining); 804 (Chemical Products); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 16
1571271 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512126757
WELD METAL AND HEAT AFFECTED ZONE TOUGHNESS AS INFLUENCED BY COPPER.
Hannerz, N. E.
Technical Univ of Denmark, Lab of Thermal Processing of Materials, Den
ATB Metallurgie (Acta Technica Belgica) v 23 n 4 1983, Copper in Steel - Proc, Part II, Luxemburg, Luxemb, May 25-27 1983 p 5. 1-5. 22 CODEN: ATBMA6
ISSN: 0365-7302
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
The influence of copper on the weldability in terms of toughness has been studied systematically. Submerged arc bead on plate welding with one wire flux combination on 15 mm plates of different copper content gave different copper content weld metals. The same plates with systematically permutated copper content were used for HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) simulation. Welds as well as simulated HAZ were studied also in the stress relief heat treated condition. The study shows that up to 0. 5 pct. copper does not hamper weld metal toughness. 6 refs.
Desc.: *WELDED STEEL STRUCTURES--*Fatigue; WELDS--Testing; WELDED STEEL STRUCTURES--Defects
Ident.: SUBMERGED ARC; PLATE WELDING; HAZ; WELDMENT PROPERTIES
Class. Codes: 538 (Welding & Bonding); 545 (Iron & Steel); 421 (Materials Properties); 531 (Metallurgy & Metallography); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 54 (METAL GROUPS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 17
1571219 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512126144
NEUTRON SCATTERING STUDY OF THE HEAVY FERMION SYSTEM UBe//1//3.
Shapiro, S. M.; Goldman, A. I.; Shirane, G.; Cox, D. E.; Fisk, Z.; Smith, J. L.
Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY, USA
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials v 52 n 1-4 Oct 1985, Proc of the 5th Int Conf on Cryst Field and Anomalous Mixing Eff in f-Electron Syst, Sendai, Jpn, Apr 15-18 1985 p 418-420 CODEN: JMMMDC
ISSN: 0304-8853
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: N; (Numeric/Statistica- l); X; (Experimental)
Neutron scattering measurements were performed on polycrystalline samples of UBe//1//3 in order to establish more accurately the structure and probe the dynamics of the spin fluctuations. The structure was confirmed to be cubic with space group O//h**6 (Fm3c) with BeII positional parameters y = 0. 1763 (1) and z = 0. 1150 (1). The inelastic spectrum at T = 10 K exhibits a broad response with half width at half maximum of 15 mev. (Author abstract) 11 refs.
Desc.: *URANIUM COMPOUNDS--*Electronic Properties; NEUTRONS-- Scattering
Ident.: SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; HEAVY FERMION SYSTEMS
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 931 (Applied Physics); 932 (High Energy, Nuclear & Plasma Physics); 547 (Precious & Rare Earth Metals & Alloys); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS); 54 (METAL GROUPS)

Y032008 18
1571196 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512113367
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION IN THE HEAVY ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR

Y032008 CeCu//2Si//2.
Kitaoka, Yoshio; Ueda, Koh-ichi; Kohara, Takao; Asayama, Kunisuke; Onuki, Yoshichika; Komatsubara, Takemi
Kobe Univ, Dep of Physics, Kobe, Jpn
Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials v 52 n 1-4 Oct 1985, Proc of the 5th Int Conf on Cryst Field and Anomalous Mixing Eff in f-Electron Syst, Sendai, Jpn, Apr 15-18 1985 p 341-343 CODEN: JMMMDC
ISSN: 0304-8853
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Nuclear magnetic relaxation rate 1/T//1 of **6**3Cu in the superconducting state of CeCu//2Si//2 has been measured down to 50 mK by both PQR and NMR techniques. 1/T//1 does not show the enhancement just below T//c and varies approximately as T**3 in external field for 0. 1 K < T < 0. 6 K. The result shows that the superconductivity in CeCu//2Si//2 is consistent with in the anisotropic energy gap model. (Author abstract) 15 refs.
Desc.: *CERIUM COMPOUNDS--*Magnetic Properties; MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS--Relaxation; SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS
Ident.: NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RELAXATION; COPPER 63; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 942 (Electrical & Electronic Measuring Instruments); 708 (Electric & Magnetic Materials); 544 (Copper & Alloys); 547 (Precious & Rare Earth Metals & Alloys); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING); 94 (INSTRUMENTS & MEASUREMENT); 54 (METAL GROUPS)

Y032008 19
1570977 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114460
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON CONCRETE.
Naik, Tarun R. (Ed. )
Univ of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
ASTM Spec Tech Publ 858, Temp Eff on Concr, Kansas City, MO, USA, Jun 21 1983. Publ by ASTM, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 1985 184p CODEN: ASTTA8
ISSN: 0066-0558 ISBN: 0-8031-0435-9
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 06875 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: G; (General Review)
This conference proceedings contains 10 papers. Topics presented include concrete curing in the Arctic, static and cyclic behavior of concrete at cryogenic temperatures, dolostone and limestone concretes at high temperatures, temperature and delivery time effects on concrete proportions, hot weather effects on concrete strength, winter concrete curing, strength and permeability of fly ash concrete, mortars, pastes and slag cements, heats of hydration and elevated temperature exposure of cements, and the Willow Island cooling tower collapse. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 06875 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc. 127 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*High Temperature Effects; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION --Low Temperature Effects; CEMENT--Hydration; MORTAR--Slag; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: WEATHER CONDITIONS; ARCTIC ENVIRONMENT; CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES; ADMIXTURES; EIREV
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 20
1570472 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512117114
MINUTES OF FALL MEETING - PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION, ENGINEERING SECTION, STRUCTURES AND HYDRAULICS COMMITTEE, 1982.
Anon
Pennsylvania Electric Assoc, Structures & Hydraulics Committee, Harrisburg, PA, USA
Minutes Meet Pa Electr Assoc Eng Sect Struct and Hydraul Comm, 1982, Danville, PA, USA, Sep 29-Oct 1 1982. Publ by Pennsylvania Electric Assoc, Engineering Section, Harrisburg, PA, USA, 1982 var pagings CODEN: MMPSDA
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 05572 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: A; (Application- s); G; (General Review)
This conference proceedings contains 5 papers. Various papers discuss: fly ash removal; fly ash disposal; wet systems; dry systems; steam electric stations; fly ash conversion; ash disposal area siting; floriculture utilization; waste heat utilization; fly ash basin raising; and dam seepage. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 05572 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *FLY ASH; POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; GEOLOGY--Engineering ; GREENHOUSES--Space Heating; STRUCTURAL DESIGN--Quality Control
Ident.: LANDFILL DISPOSAL; COMPACTION REQUIREMENTS; COOLING TOWER DISCHARGE; DAM OVERALL PERFORMANCE; EIREV
Class. Codes: 451 (Air Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products); 441 (Dams & Reservoirs); 481 (Geology & Geophysics); 408 (Structural Design); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 44 (WATER & WATERWORKS ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 21
1567747 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512117115
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF UK PULVERIZED-FUEL ASHES FOR USE IN CONCRETE.
Dhir, Ravindra K.; Jones, M. Roderick; Munday, John G. L.; Hubbard, Frederick H.
Univ of Dundee, Dep of Civil Engineering, Dundee, Scotl
Magazine of Concrete Research v 37 n 131 Jun 1985 p 75-87 CODEN: MCORAV
ISSN: 0024-9831
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (- Experimental)
The characteristics of pulverized-fuel ash (pfa) to BS 3892: Part 1 and their possible effects upon concrete are examined by using supplies from 26 sources in the UK. Fineness is identified as giving an over-all measure of ash quality and is used to propose a four-part classification to provide a realistic basis for ash utilization in concrete. (Edited author abstract) 23 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Testing; CONCRETE--Admixtures
Ident.: POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 422 (Materials Testing) 423 (General Materials Properties & Testing); 412 (Concrete); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 22
1562599 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512117116
UTILISATION OF FLY ASH: A CHALLENGE TO CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY - 2.
Swamy, R. N.
Univ of Sheffield, Dep of Civil & Structural Engineering, Sheffield, Engl
Indian Concrete Journal v 59 n 6 Jun 1985 p 147-151, 167 CODEN: ICJOAL
ISSN: 0019-4565
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
The first part of the paper deals with the utilization of fly ash as partial cement replacement in concrete construction. Large scale utilization of fly ash as lightweight aggregate for concrete is advocated in the second part of the paper, presented here. Extensive data on concretes made with fly ash aggregate and sand together with partial cement replacement are presented. A third form of fly ash usage as filler for special concretes such as sulfur concrete is also discussed. The paper advocates the use of fly ash in all concrete constructions, as a rule and not as an exception, provided the fly ash meets the specifications requirements. (Edited author abstract) 4 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Waste Utilization; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; SAND AND GRAVEL
Ident.: HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE; HIGH EARLY STRENGTH CONCRETE; SULFUR CONCRETE
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 412 (Concrete); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 23
1558849 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512113218
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF POZZOLANAS IN HYDRATED SYSTEMS OF CEMENT OR Ca (OH)//2 WITH FLY ASH OR SILICA FUME.
Li, Shiqun; Roy, Della M; Kumar, Amitabha
Pennsylvania State Univ, Materials Research Lab, University Park, PA, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 6 Nov 1985 p 1079-1086 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
A selective dissolution method using a slightly modified picric acid-methanol-water solution procedure was found to be adequate for the quantitative determination of unhydrated fly ash and silica fume in hydrated systems of cement-fly ash and cement-silica fume, respectively. The extent of hydratio nof fly ash and silica fume in various paste mixtures has been calculated. The hydration products and the residue compositoin were examined by both X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and their morphologies were observed under an SEM. (Author abstract) 2 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Pozzolan; CONCRETE--Analysis; CONCRETE AGGREGATES --Hydration
Ident.: SILICA FUME; HYDRATION PRODUCTS; RESIDUE COMPOSITION
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 24
1558843 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114488
PORE STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS AFFECTING THE PERMEABILITY OF CEMENT PASTE CONTAINING FLY ASH.
Marsh, B. K.; Day, R. L.; Bonner, D. G.
Hatfield Polytechnic Div of Civil Engineering, Hatfield, Engl
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 6 Nov 1985 p 1027-1038 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Results are presented from measurements of the permeability of saturated, hardened cement pastes, with and without fly ash. The results show that a dramatic reduction in permeability occurs due to the pozzolanic reaction of the fly ash. Porosity estimats from mercury-intrusion porosimetry and helium-comparison pycnometry are used to develop an explanation for the permeability reduction. (Edited author abstract) 17 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE TESTING--Surface; CONCRETE--Density Measurement
Ident.: AGGRESSIVE AGENTS; RESISTANCE TO CHEMICALS; POZZOLANIC REACTION; PYCNOMETRY
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 25
1558841 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114487
SULPHATE RESISTANCE OF OPC, OPC/FLY ASH AND SRPC PASTES: PORE STRUCTURE AND PERMEABILITY.
Hughes, D. C.
Hatfield Polytechnic, Concrete Research Lab, Hatfield, Engl
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 6 Nov 1985 p 1003-1012 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Fly ash is a slow acting pozzolana and requires substantial curing to achieve its potential strength and durability properties. Results are presented of the sulfate resistance, permeability and pore size distribution of OPC, OPC/fly ash and SRPC pastes variously cured before immersion in 0. 7M Na//2SO//4. A range of pores is identified which are particularly susceptible to sulfate attack and a qualitative relationship established between the variation, with curing, of the entry size of these pores, the permeability of the paste and sulfate resistance. (Author abstract) 22 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Pozzolan; CONCRETE-- Durability
Ident.: PORE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL ATTACK; SULFATE RESISTANCE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 26
1558131 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114486
VERSATILITY OF PFA.
Anon
CEGB, Engl
Civ Eng (London) Aug 1985 p 37, 40 CODEN: CVEGA5
ISSN: 0305-6473
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: G; (General Review)
The advantages of PFA concrete conducive to its success include: high long-term strength, improved workability, reduced water content, greater cemetitious content, high sulfate resistance, high resistance to alkali aggregate reaction, reduced bleeding, low heat of hydration, reduced permeability, and superior quality surface finish. 6 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE-- Physical Properties; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS--Evaluation; SURFACES--Quality Control
Ident.: PFA CONCRETE; IMPROVED WORKABILITY; REDUCED WATER CONTENT; SULFATE RESISTANCE; REDUCED PERMEABILITY
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 931 (Applied Physics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 27
1557414 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512124083
PNEUMECH SILO.
Stange, K.
Claudius Peters AG, Hamburg, West Ger
Bulk Solids Handling v 5 n 2 Apr 1985 p 407-416 CODEN: BSHAD7
ISSN: 0173-9980
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.)
The changed requirements with regard to the storage of fly ash in silos for power stations and cement works are explained in this article. The resultant concept of a large-scale silo for long-term storage of fly ash is illustrated, and a new type of silo is introduced, including its design and function. (Author abstract)
Desc.: *SILOS--*Applications; FLY ASH--Storage
Ident.: SILO CHARGING; FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS; SILO DISCHARGING
Class. Codes: 402 (Buildings & Towers); 691 (Bulk Materials Handling); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 69 (MATERIALS HANDLING)

Y032008 28
1557141 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114509
USE OF BY-PRODUCTS FOR STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Kohno, Kiyoshi; Horii, Katsunori; Ohji, Tohru
Tokushima Univ, Dep of Civil Engineering, Jpn
Trans of the Jpn Concr Inst, Vol 6 1984 Publ by Japan Concrete Inst, Tokyo, Jpn, 1985 p 39-46
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); T; - (Theoretical)
This paper presents the results of an investigation of the use of industrial by-products such as fly ash, blast-furnace slag and ferro-silicon condensed silica fume for steel fiber reinforced concrete as admixtures substituting for cement. The influences of the mix proportions on the properties such as air content, slump and various strengths of steel fiber reinforced concrete were investigated. (Edited author abstract) 4 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--*Reinforced Concrete; CONCRETE AGGREGATES; CONCRETE REINFORCEMENTS; CONCRETE--Mechanical Properties
Ident.: STEEL FIBER REINFORCEMENTS; INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS; MIX PROPORTIONS
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 931 (Applied Physics); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 29
1557140 E.I. Monthly No: EI8512114485
EFFECTIVE USE OF FLY ASH IN ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE (RCC).
Aoyagi, Yukio; Kasahara, Kiyoshi; Kurita, Morio; Kanamori, Hiroshi
Central Research Inst of Electric Power Industry, Civil Engineering Lab, Jpn
Trans of the Jpn Concr Inst, Vol 6 1984 Publ by Japan Concrete Inst, Tokyo, Jpn, 1985 p 31-38
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); T; - (Theoretical)
In view of the successful application of Roller Compacted Dam (RCD) Concrete under the supervision of the Ministry of Construction of Japan, the construction method is being watched with keen interest as one of the prospective means to reduce the construction cost of electric energy related mass concrete structures. The purpose of the study is to investigate the possibility of increasing fly ash content more than usually used for RCD in Japan. (Edited author abstract) 2 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE-- Mechanical Properties; COAL ASH--Applications
Ident.: ROLLER COMPACTED CONCRETE; ASH CONTENT EFFECT; MINERAL FINES ADDITION
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 30
1554179 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511102429
FLY ASH AND COAL CONVERSION BY-PRODUCTS: CHARACTERIZATION, UTILIZATION, AND DISPOSAL I (PAPERS BASED ON SYMPOSIUM M OF THE 1984 FALL MEETING OF THE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY).
McCarthy, Gregory J. (Ed. ); Lauf, Robert J. (Ed. )
North Dakota State Univ, Dep of Chemistry, Fargo, ND, USA
Materials Research Society Symposia Proceedings v 43, Fly Ash and Coal Convers By-Prod Charact, Util, and Disposal I, Boston, MA, USA, Nov 29-30 1984. Publ by Materials Research Soc, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, 1985 272p CODEN: MRSPDH
ISSN: 0272-9172 ISBN: 0-931837-08-1
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 06931 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: A; (Application- s); X; (Experimental)
This conference contains 24 papers. They are divided into 4 categories: Fly ash characterization; fly ash utilization; coal gasification ash; and environmental considerations. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, etc., are the techniques highlighted in many papers dealing with fly ash characterization. Papers on fly ash utilization include replacement of some of the cement in concrete by fly ash as well as roadbed stabilization and oil well cementing applications. Environmental concerns in use of fly ash for roadbed stabilization and in burial of fly ash in reclaimed strip mines and municipal landfills are addressed in the final section. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 06931 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *FLY ASH; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; MINERALOGY; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Fly Ash; OIL WELL CEMENTING; WATER POLLUTION-- Underground
Ident.: FLY ASH CHARACTERIZATION; FLY ASH UTILIZATION; COAL GASIFICATION ASH; POZZOLANIC REACTIVITY; EIREV
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 406 (Highway Engineering); 482 (Mineralogy & Petrology); 513 (Petroleum Refining); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 51 (PETROLEUM ENGINEERING)

Y032008 31
1553231 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511100125
Strength and Durability of Concrete with Coal Fly-Ash as an Additive.
ZUR FESTIGKEIT UND DAUERHAFTIGKEIT VON BETON BEI ZUSATZ VON STEINKOHLENFLUGASCHE.
Wesche, K.; Schubert, P.; Weber, J. W.
RWTH, Inst fuer Bauforschung, Aachen, West Ger
Betonwerk und Fertigteil-Technik v 50 n 6 Jun 1984 p 367-374 CODEN: BWFTAB
ISSN: 0373-4331
Language: GERMAN; ENGLISH
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: G; (General Review)
Two methods of calculating the contribution of coal fly-ash (CFA) to the strength development of mortars and concretes are described, by means of which the proportion k of CFA which can be rated as equivalent to cement (in so far as compressive strength is concerned) is determined. This proportion depends upon, among other parameters, the type and strength class of the cement, the CFA emloyed, the proportion PHI = f/z thereof, and the age t, i. e., the hardening time that has elapsed. As evaluation of available research results shows, a value k = 0. 3 at t = 28 days can be adopted as the lower limit. 11 refs. In German and English.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Mechanical Properties; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS--Evaluation
Ident.: CONCRETE DURABILITY; STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT; MORTAR TESTS; COAL FLY-ASH EFFECTS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 32
1550417 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511100074
MINERAL BY-PRODUCTS AND FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE OF CONCRETE.
Virtanen, Jorma
Oy Partek AB, Pargas, Finl
Nordic Concrete Research n 3 Dec 1984 p 191-208 CODEN: NCORDB
ISSN: 0800-6377
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: MC; (Monograph Chapter) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Mineral by-products can influence the freeze-thaw resistance of hardened concrete mainly by altering the pore structure of cement paste, by affecting the functioning of air-entraining agents or by changing the rate of strength development. The effects of blast-furnace slag, fly ash and silica fume have been studied by two test series. 3 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Admixtures; CONCRETE TESTING--Low Temperature; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; SLAGS--Mixing
Ident.: MINERAL BY-PRODUCTS; FREEZE-THAW RESISTANCE; BLAST-FURNACE SLAG; PULVERIZED COAL FLY ASH; CONDENSED SILICA FUME
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 33
1547009 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511099039
HYDRATION OF BLENDED CEMENTS.
Meland, Inger
Norges Tekniske Hogskole, Cement & Concrete Research Inst, Trondheim, Norw
Nordic Concrete Research n 2 Dec 1983 p 183-196 CODEN: NCORDB
ISSN: 0800-6377
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
This paper presents results from investigations aiming at differences in degree of hydration, residual calcium-hydroxide, and water contents of pastes made from fly ash cement with - and without addition of condensed silica fume compared with ordinary Portland cement. Possible effects of a plasticizing agent in a cement-silica paste is discussed. (Edited author abstract) 8 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Hydration; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; PLASTICIZERS--Applications; MOISTURE DETERMINATION
Ident.: RESIDUAL CALCIUMHYDROXIDE; CEMENT PASTES; POZZOLANIC REACTION; AGGRESSIVE ENVIRONMENTS; REINFORCEMENT CORROSION
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 816 (Plastics, Plant Equipment & Processes); 944 (Moisture, Pressure & Temperature, & Radiation Measuring Instruments); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 94 (INSTRUMENTS & MEASUREMENT)

Y032008 34
1544026 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511102426
UTILITIES ENCOURAGING INCREASED USE OF POWERPLANT FLYASH.
Patelunas, Gerard M.
GAI Consultants Inc, Monroeville, PA, USA
Power v 129 n 9 Sep 1985 p 51-53 CODEN: POWEAD
ISSN: 0032-5929
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
In 1983, electric utilities in the USA produced 52. 4-million tons of flyash as a byproduct of coal combustion. All but 7. 5-million tons of this total were hauled to disposal sites, at a cost that reached $15/ton. Despite the high cost of disposal, only about 10-15% of utility-produced flyash has ever been recycled for another use. There are several institutional barriers preventing utilities from reusing more of their flyash. These include construction methods, performance, environmental issues, transportation, and potential markets. In an effort to eliminate some of these barriers and so increase the commercial value of flyash, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is coordinating a program designed to increase flyash use. The porgram concentrates on placing flyash in high-volume applications. Overcoming concerns of participant groups through education is a large part of effort. 5 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH; WASTE DISPOSAL; REFUSE DISPOSAL--Land Fill; COAL ASH--Applications; EMBANKMENTS; GROUTING
Ident.: POWERPLANT FLYASH; BACKFILL; PAVEMENT BASE COURSE; SOIL AMENDMENT; HYDRAULIC FILL
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 521 (Combustion & Fuels) ; 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 524 (Solid Fuels); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 35
1542843 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511100141
STUDY OF TWENTY-FIVE YEAR OLD PULVERIZED FUEL ASH CONCRETE USED IN FOUNDATION STRUCTURES.
Cabrera, J. G.; Woolley, G. R.
Univ of Leeds, Dep of Civil Engineering, Leeds, Engl
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London) v 79 pt 2 Mar 1985 p 149-165 CODEN: PCIEAT
ISSN: 0020-3262
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); H; - (Historical); X; (Experimental)
Modern examination techniques have been employed to investigate the concrete. The results have been compared with construction data recorded in a 1958 report. This is a rare, investigation into the performance of concrete placed with a 20% replacement of the cement with pulverized fuel ash (pfa). It is particularly relevant that the pfa used did not comply with the present British Standard specification. The compressive and tensile strengths continued to improve beyond that achieved by all-cement control samples. Consideration of durability shows that the pfa concrete had a marked advantage. Even at 25 years virtually no carbonation could be found. It is suggested that the lower porosity and much smaller pore size found in the pfa concrete contributed largely to this excellent durability performance. 19 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING--Tensile Tests; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Foundations
Ident.: CARBONATION; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; PORE CHARACTERISTICS; MICROMORPHOLOGY TESTS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 36
1542450 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511100103
EFFECTIVENESS OF FLY ASH FOR STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF CONCRETE.
Ho, D. W. S.; Lewis, R. K.
CSIRO, Div of Building Research, Melbourne, Aust
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 5 Sep 1985 p 793-800 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
The effectiveness, K, of a fly ash can be defined as the ratio of the amount of cement replaced to the amount of fly ash added, provided the specified requirements of the concrete are maintained. It is generally assumed that the effectiveness of a fly ash can be treated as a constant. This paper presents results on concrete made with various mix proportions using three different cements and fly ash from three different sources. It was found that the K factor of each fly ash in achieving common 28-day compressive strength varies over a wide range depending on the amount of fly ash used, the type of cement, the incorporation of chemical admixtures and the particular strength level chosen. (Edited author abstract) 14 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Durability; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: BINDER MATERIAL; CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY; WORKABILITY; CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 37
1542446 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511105456
PROPERTIES OF PORTLAND CEMENT-SILICATE FUME PASTES. I. POROSITY AND SURFACE PROPERTIES.
Feldman, R. F.; Cheng-yi, Huang
Natl Research Co. of Canada, Div of Building Research, Ottawa, Ont, Can
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 5 Sep 1985 p 765-774 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Studies of portland cement-silica fume mortars show that the sand-matrix interface has a definite effect on pore-size distribution, porosity, and mechanical properties. Further work has demonstrated that the hydration rate of these mortars, in relation to that of pastes, is affected and that freeze-thaw resistance is improved by the addition of silica fume. The objective is to gain a basic understanding of the structure of the pastes and clarify these observations. Several surface chemical properties of the system, a portland cement-silica fume blend, during the hydration reaction in paste form were measured. 11 refs.
Desc.: *MORTAR--*Research; CONCRETE--Porosity; MATERIALS SCIENCE; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: SAND-MATRIX INTERFACE; HYDRATION REACTION; PASTE BLENDS; PLASTICIZERS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 931 (Applied Physics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 38
1542225 E.I. Monthly No: EI8511108112
SOME RECENT EXPERIMENTS ON SOIL STABILIZATION IN AGRICULTURAL ROAD CONSTRUCTION.
Kezdi, A.; Biczok, E.
Acta Technica (Budapest) v 95 n 1-4 1982 p 83-97 CODEN: ATSHA8
ISSN: 0001-7035
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); E; - (Economic/Cost Data/Market Survey); X; (Experimental)
The aim of this experimental work was to decide which stabilization method could be applied most successfully and most economically in some areas that could be taken as typical in Hungary. Two regions were chosen: a loess area and a clay area in the mountains. In these areas cement, fly ash and chemical stabilizations were tried applying different technologies: local materials mixed in situ, transported materials mixed in situ and premixed materials. In the present study the experiences obtained in planning and in construction are presented. (Author abstract) 10 refs.
Desc.: *ROADS AND STREETS--*Construction; SOILS--Stabilization; AGRICULTURE
Ident.: ZOMBA; HUNGARIAN AGRICULTURE
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 821 (Agricultural Equipment & Methods); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 82 (AGRICULTURE & FOOD TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 39
1537502 E.I. Monthly No: EI8510094719
FIELD AGING OF FIXED SULFUR DIOXIDE SCRUBBER WASTE.
Aggour, M. Sherif; Stanbro, William D.; Lentz, John J.
Univ of Maryland at College Park, Civil Engineering Dep, College Park, MD, USA
Journal of Energy Engineering v 111 n 1 Sep 1985 p 62-73 CODEN: JLEED9
ISSN: 0733-9402
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
A fixed-material test pad was constructed to evaluate the long-term effects of the fixation with lime of blended fly ash and scrubber sludge. The 507. 9 X 10**3 kg test pad was envisioned as a scale model disposal site with average dimensions of 13. 72 X 22. 86 m by 0. 76 m thick. The fixed material was tested at the time of pad construction in 1979 and again in 1983 when the present investigation was conducted. The study included field and laboratory evaluation of the physical and chemical properties of the four-year-old fixed scrubber sludge. The effect of the exposure of the material to the elements for four years is described, and based on these effects, recommendations on the proper disposal of this type of material in landfilling are made. (Author abstract) 7 refs.
Desc.: *SCRUBBERS--*Wastes; SULFUR DIOXIDE; FLY ASH; LIME; MATERIALS TESTING
Ident.: FIELD AGING; FIXED SULFUR DIOXIDE; SCRUBBER WASTE
Class. Codes: 451 (Air Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 40
1532467 E.I. Monthly No: EI8510087796
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MADE WITH THREE TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL PFA COARSE AGGREGATES.
van der Wegen, G. J. L.; Bijen, J. M. J. M.
Intron BV, Maastricht, Neth
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 7 n 3 Aug 1985 p 159-167 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Data are presented on a comparative research on three artificial aggregates made from pulverised fuel ash by different processes. The properties of concrete produced from these artificial aggregates and river sand having an average 28 day compressive strength of about 30 MPa are also reported. The features of the artifical aggregates are compared with those of the common Dutch coarse aggregate river gravel. (Author abstract) 12 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Light Weight; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; COMPOSITE MATERIALS--Mechanical Properties; MATERIALS--Physical Properties CONCRETE TESTING
Ident.: LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES; PULVERIZED FLY ASH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 423 (General Materials Properties & Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 41
1527943 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509076027
RETARDING EFFECTS OF FLY ASH UPON THE HYDRATION OF CEMENT PASTES: THE FIRST 24 HOURS.
Fajun, Wei; Grutzeck, Michael W.; Roy, Della M.
Pennsylvania State Univ, Materials Research Lab, University Park, PA, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 1 Jan 1985 p 174-184 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Disagreement exists in the literature as to whether or not fly ash accelerates or retards the early hydration of fly-ash blended cements. As an outgrowth of this controversy, the effects of two fly ashes, a Class C and a Class F, their leachates, and leached fly ash residues upon the first 24 hours of cement hydration, were studied. It was found that both fly ashes ('as received' and, to some degree, leached) retarded a Type I cement hydration; however the fly-ash leachates did not. The retardation phenomenon is apparently related to the presence and condition of the fly ash surfaces. 13 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Hydration; SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
Ident.: LEACHED FLY ASH; RATE OF HEAT EVOLUTION; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE CONTENT; CLINKER PARTICLES; NON-EVAPORATIVE WATER CONTENT
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 941 (Acoustical & Optical Measuring Instruments); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 94 (INSTRUMENTS & MEASUREMENT)

Y032008 42
1527941 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509075008
INFLUENCE OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CLINKER ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF BLAST FURNACE SLAG CEMENTS.
Frigione, G.; Sersale, R.
Cementir-Cementerie del Tirreno SpA, Naples, Italy
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 1 Jan 1985 p 159-166 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The authors describe an attempt to correlate, using linear regression analysis, the chemical composition of the portland clinker to the compressive strength of blast furnace slag cements. The investigation shows that the main constituents of the clinker do not influence compressive strength of the slag fraction, which, in turn, is influenced by the alkali content of the clinker. Although it has not been possible to distinguish the role of soluble alkalis from the total content, nevertheless, compressive strength of blast furnace slag cements appears to depend upon two different and opposite contributions from the clinker fraction, negatively affected by its alkali content, and the other factor from the slag fraction, positively influenced by the same alkali content. 13 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Slag; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS--Testing; SLAGS-- Chemical Analysis; ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CHEMICAL REACTIONS--Hydration
Ident.: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH VALUE; TRICALCIUM SILICATE CONTENT; ALKALI CONTENT; BLEND RATIO; SLAG AND CLINKER FRACTIONS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 804 (Chemical Products); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 43
1527931 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509076024
PASTES OF TRICALCIUM SILICATE WITH RICE HUSK ASH.
Khan, M. H.; Mohan, K.; Taylor, H. F. W.
Univ of Aberdeen, Dep of Chemistry, Aberdeen, Scotl
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 1 Jan 1985 p 89-92 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Pastes of tricalcium silicate with rice husk ash (RHA) were cured at 25 DEGREE C for 1-245 days and examined by XRD, analytical electron microscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), acid extractions to determine unreacted rice husk ash, and trimethylsilylation. The rice husk ash was highly reactive, and contents of calcium hydroxide, referred to the ignited weight, never exceeded 3%. Initially, a product having a Ca/Si atom ratio of 0. 1-0. 2 was formed, but this was later replaced by one having a Ca/Si ratio of approximately 1. 3. The proportion of the Si in the hydration products that was present as polymeric ions was greater than that found in pure C//3S or C//3S-fly ash pastes of similar age, but the anion size distributions within the polymer were all broadly similar. 12 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Evaluation; CHEMICAL REACTIONS-- Hydration; CALCIUM COMPOUNDS; SILICON COMPOUNDS
Ident.: CALCIUM/SILICON ATOM RATIO; UNREACTED RICE HUSK ASH; TRIMETHYLSILYLATION; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; POLYMERIC IONS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants) ; 804 (Chemical Products); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 44
1527927 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509076026
INFLUENCE OF AIR CONTENT BY ASSESSING THE POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY OF FLY ASH BY STRENGTH TESTING.
Osbaeck, B.
F. L. Smidth & Co, Copenhagen, Den
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 1 Jan 1985 p 53-64 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The pozzolanic activity of fly ash and natural pozzolans are generally assessed by a compressive strength test with portland cement in a mortar. A test mix in which part of the portland cement is replaced by fly ash is compared with a control mix with pure portland cement. Fly ash seems to affect the air void content in mortar in two ways: by a direct contribution from hollow or porous particles in the fly ash and by reducing the amount of entrained air, an effect which is apparently caused by the residual carbon present in the fly ash. These aspects are elucidated by examples from laboratory experiments with fly ash. 8 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Air Entrainment; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS--Testing; CEMENT--Pozzolan; MORTAR--Carbonation
Ident.: AIR VOIDS IN CONCRETE; FLY ASH GRINDING EFFECTS; RESIDUAL CARBON IN FLY ASH; ALKALI CONTENT EFFECTS; STRENGTH-CONTRIBUTORY EFFECT OF FLY ASH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 45
1523813 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509082222
UTILIZATION OF ASH FROM THERMAL POWER STATIONS.
Bose, M. C.
West Bengal State Electricity Board, Bandel Thermal Power Station, Hooghly, India
J Inst Eng India Part I 3 v 64 Jun 1984 p 153-157 CODEN: JIEEDM
ISSN: 0251-1118
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
This paper suggests economic ways of disposal of ash from thermal power stations by filling up empty seams of coal mines, in roads, buildings and cement industries. The author proposes promulgation of legislation regarding stoppage of sale of ash to unauthorized parties to avoid adulteration in cement over the limits prescribed by the Indian Government and/or standards, and to make it obligatory to use ash from power stations - where available - in roads and buildings. The author has further suggested ways to effect a national saving of a few hundred million rupees per annum by coordination between private and public sectors for the utilization of ash, avoiding pollution problems during its clearance. 13 refs.
Desc.: *POWER PLANTS--*Waste Disposal; WASTE UTILIZATION; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; BRICKMAKING--Fly Ash; ASH HANDLING; COAL MINES AND MINING
Ident.: COAL ASH UTILIZATION; ASH IN CEMENT; ASH IN ROAD SURFACES; ASH AS FILLER MATERIAL; ASH IN POZZOLANA
Class. Codes: 614 (Steam Power Plants); 503 (Mines & Mining, Coal); 691 (Bulk Materials Handling); 412 (Concrete); 414 (Masonry Materials); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING); 69 (MATERIALS HANDLING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES)

Y032008 46
1522003 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509082771
ILLINOIS INVESTIGATES UNDERSEALING MATERIALS AND TECHNIQUES.
Slifer, James C.; Peter, Mary M.; Burns, William E.
Illinois DOT, Div of Highways, Springfield, IL, USA
Public Works v 116 n 7 Jul 1985 p 68-71 CODEN: PUWOAH
ISSN: 0033-3840
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: M; (Management Aspects); X; (Experimental)
Rehabilitation and restoration of portland cement concrete pavements in Illinois have traditionally included the patching of failed areas followed by the placement of a bituminous overlay. While overlaying the pavements will improve the ride quality, it does not correct the problems caused by the development of voids beneath the concrete slab. The purpose of undersealing or subsealing is to restore support to a pavement structure by filling these voids with grout under pressure without intentionally raising the pavement. The inclusion of pavement subsealing in conjunction with patching and resurfacing, therefore, appears to be a more effective rehabilitation technique. 2 refs.
Desc.: *ROADS AND STREETS--*Repair; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION-- Maintenance; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS-- Limestone; CONCRETE--Admixtures
Ident.: SEALING; UNDERSEALING; SLURRIES; GROUTING; DEFLECTION
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 47
1520332 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509082767
CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL BASE COURSE TEST SECTIONS BUILT WITH WASTE CALCIUM SULFATE, LIME, AND FLY ASH.
Usmen, Mumtaz A.; Moulton, Lyle K.
West Virginia Univ, Dep of Civil Engineering, Morgantown, WV, USA
Transp Res Rec 988 1984 p 52-62 CODEN: TRREDM
ISSN: 0361-1981
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
The paper reports on a study that involved the construction and performance evaluation of four experimental pavement base course sections 100 ft long and 10 ft wide incorporating predetermined formulations of waste calcium sulfate (HF residue), lime and fly ash. The results of a full range of laboratory studies and field evaluation of the performance of the experimental base course sections over an 18-month period indicated that all of the mixtures tested generally had adequate strength and durability and performed well in service. Such mixtures show good promise for use as pozzolanic base or sub-base courses, and relatively large percentages of waste calcium sulfate can be successfully used. 17 refs.
Desc.: *ROADS AND STREETS--*Foundations; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS-- Waste Utilization; LIME; FLY ASH; SULFUR COMPOUNDS
Ident.: EXPERIMENTAL BASE COURSE; WASTE CALCIUM SULFATE
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 804 (Chemical Products); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 48
1520330 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509082764
INCREASING CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS OF A CLASS C FLY ASH.
Bergeson, K. L.; Pitt, J. M.; Demirel, T.
Iowa State Univ, Dep of Civil Engineering, Ames, IA, USA
Transp Res Rec 988 1984 p 41-46 CODEN: TRREDM
ISSN: 0361-1981
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
The results of using minute quantities of secondary chemical additives with an Iowa Class C cementitious fly ash are presented in this paper. Potential additives were selected on the basis of econmical considerations and expected reactions, as agents that either initiate chemical attack and dissolution of the glassy phase and seed crystalline compounds. Ammonium phosphate appeared the most promising of the seven additives studied. At 3. 0 percent by weight of fly ash, the average 28-day strength for ammonium phosphate-treated samples was 2. 5 times that of untreated. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the glassy phase of treated fly ash was being attacked. X-ray diffraction showed formation of cementitious reaction products not present in untreated samples. 5 refs.
Desc.: *ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--*Fly Ash; SOILS--Stabilization; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CEMENT--Additives
Ident.: CEMENTITIOUS PRODUCTS; CLASS C FLY ASH
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 412 (Concrete); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 49
1520329 E.I. Monthly No: EI8509082763
PROPERTIES OF CEMENT AND LIME-FLY ASH STABILIZED AGGREGATE.
Natt, G. S.; Joshi, R. C.
Univ of Calgary, Dep of Civil Engineering, Calgary, Alberta, Can
Transp Res Rec 988 1984 p 32-40 CODEN: TRREDM
ISSN: 0361-1981
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Potential application of cement-fly ash-aggregate, lime-fly ash-aggregate and lime-cement-fly ash-aggregate mixtures in pavement construction is reviewed in this paper. Engineering properties such as moisture-density relationship, compressive stength, flexural strength, dry shrinkage, and freeze-thaw durability are summarized on the basis of past studies. Dry shrinkage and freeze-thaw characteristics of cement and lime-fly ash-aggregate mixtures containing sub-bituminous, self-cementitious Alberta fly ashes were evaluated in the laboratory. Lime-fly ash stabilized aggregates are observed to shrink more than cement-fly ash stabilized aggregate. Additional study conclusions are presented. 16 refs.
Desc.: *ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--*Aggregates; PAVEMENTS--Concrete; SOILS--Stabilization; CEMENT; LIME; FLY ASH
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 412 (Concrete); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 50
1517987 E.I. Monthly No: EI8508064243
PROCEEDINGS OF A SYMPOSIUM ON THE RECLAMATION, TREATMENT AND UTILIZATION OF COAL MINING WASTES.
Rainbow, A. K. M. (Ed. )
NCB, Minestone Executive, London, Engl
Proc of a Symp on the Reclam, Treat and Util of Coal Min Wastes, Durham, Engl, Sep 10-14 1984 Publ by NCB, London, Engl, 1984 var pagings
ISBN: 3-211-81759-X
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 06654 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: A; (Application- s); G; (General Review); X; (Experimental)
This conference proceedings contains 56 papers. The subjects include disposal, treatment, and utilization of coal mining wastes, standards, cast analysis, materials testing, and environmental impact evaluations of applications already in place. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 06654 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *COAL PREPARATION--*Waste Utilization; COAL MINES AND MINING --Land Reclamation; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; SOILS--Reinforcement; COMBUSTION--Fluidized Beds; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT--Evaluation
Ident.: UNBURNT COLLIERY SPOIL; MINESTONE APPLICATIONS; PHYSICAL TESTING PROCEDURES; GEOGRID CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS; EIREV
Class. Codes: 524 (Solid Fuels); 503 (Mines & Mining, Coal); 412 (Concrete); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 901 (Engineering Profession); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 51
1512979 E.I. Monthly No: EI8508071717
Structural Features of a Large-capacity Silo for Fly-ash.
BAUKONSTRUKTION EINES GROSSRAUMSILOS FUER FLUGASCHE.
Peter, J.; Lippold, D.
Zement-Kalk-Gips, v 38 n 1 Jan 1985 p 49-51 CODEN: ZKGBD9
ISSN: 0722-4400 ISBN: 0-89520-433-9
Language: GERMAN
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); G; - (General Review)
The structural features of a novel type of silo with central tower, for the storage of fly-ash, are described. Problems of design and constructural engineering relating to the silo are examined, and the advantages associated with building the structure in reinforced concrete are explained. Design loads for the silo wall and central tower are discussed. 2 refs. In German
Desc.: *SILOS--*Design; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CEMENT--Raw Materials
Ident.: INLET OPENINGS; LOADING/UNLOADING; CENTRAL COLUMN; CRANE BRIDGE
Class. Codes: 402 (Buildings & Towers); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 52
1510542 E.I. Monthly No: EI8508070006
ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHOGYPSUM AS A CONSTITUENT OF AGGREGATE MATERIAL.
May, A.; Cobble, J. R.; Sweeney, J. W.
US Bur of Mines, Tuscaloosa Research Cent, University, AL, USA
Rep Invest US Bur Mines 8939 1985 23p CODEN: XBMIA6
ISSN: 0096-1922 ISBN: 0-89116-297-6
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); M; - (Management Aspects); X; (Experimental)
Phosphate is converted into phosphoric acid which is used to make fertilizers. Phosphogypsum is the by-product of wet-process phosphoric acid production. Florida has accumulated about 400 million tons of phosphogypsum and is adding 30 million tons annually. To minimize storage and reduce potential environmental effects, the Bureau conducted research into developing high-volume uses. Admixtures of phosphogypsum, fly ash, and lime that could produce a coarse aggregate suitable for road construction were investigated. Using phosphogypsum with asphalt, cement, cement kiln dust, silica, clays, and oxychlorides to produce agrregate was also examined. 29 refs.
Desc.: *PHOSPHATE ORE TREATMENT--*Waste Utilization; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Aggregates; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION--Florida; PHOSPHORIC ACID-- Manufacture
Ident.: APPLICATIONS; PHOSPHOGYPSUM
Class. Codes: 533 (Ore Treatment & Metal Refining); 804 (Chemical Products); 901 (Engineering Profession); 406 (Highway Engineering); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 53
1503776 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053941
EFFECT OF PFA ADDITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF GRC.
Singh, B.; Majumdar, A. J.
Building Research Establishment, Dep of Environment, Watford, Engl
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 7 n 1 Feb 1985 p 3-10 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075 ISBN: 0-442-27211-1
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Bending, tensile and impact properties of grc containing nominally 5 wt% of alkali resistant fibers and up to 50 wt% replacement of cement by pfa have been determined. The composites were kept in three different environments for up to 11 years. The initial strengths of pfa containing grc's are lower than that of grc made from neat OPC due to the cement dilution effect, but the trends in the long-term properties are similar. The smallest changes over a period of 10 years are shown by composites kept in relatively dry air whereas wet environments and natural weathering have brought about significant decreases in the toughness of the material. For composites containing 40% pfa or more the relative changes in bending and tensile strengths after ten years over the initial values are small due to the low initial values of these composites. 8 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING--Tensile Tests; COMPOSITE MATERIALS--Fiber Reinforced
Ident.: GLASS REINFORCED CONCRETE; PULVERIZED FUEL ASH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 415 (Metals, Wood & Other Structural Materials); 408 (Structural Design); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 54
1503557 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507058620
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LFA BASE COURSES FOR FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS.
Sivaguru, N.; Chakrabarti, P. K.
Ministry of Shipping & Transport (Roads Wing), New Delhi, India
Journal of the Indian Roads Congress v 45 n 3 Nov 1984 p 567-634 CODEN: JIRCAA
ISSN: 0046-905X ISBN: 0-939950-17-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); G; - (General Review)
In a developing country like India, road network assumes importance especially in the context of existing low level of accessibility in the rural areas The use of lime as a stabilizing agent for soil and aggregate has been in existence in the country long since. The technology for stabilizing aggregates using lime and flyash (LFA) has developed significantly over the last two decades. It is recognized that the load distribution characteristics of pavements using LFA mixes are essentially those of slab. LFA layers can distribute load over a large area of the subgrade by slab action thereby reducing the vertical stress at the subgrade level. 14 refs.
Desc.: *PAVEMENTS--*Stability; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Aggregates; LIME--Mixing; FLY ASH--Applications
Ident.: SUB-BASE STABILIZATION; LIME FLYASH AGGREGATE; SUBSEQUENT LAYERS
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 55
1503320 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053940
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF FOLLOWING THE HYDRATION OF FLYASH MICROSILICA AND FINE AGGREGATES BY MEANS OF CHEMICAL SHRINKAGE.
Knudsen, T.
Technical Univ of Denmark, Inst of Mineral Industry, Lyngby, Den
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 4 Jul 1985 p 720-722 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846 ISBN: 0-939950-17-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
This study presents a brief report of recent experiments in laboratory with hydration of flyashes, microsilica and alkali-reactive fine aggregates. Hydration is here being used in a general sense, meaning a chemical reaction between the mentioned materials and an aqueous solution containing alkali hydroxides, calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate and possibly other compounds, known to be active in cement hydration. The experiments performed consisted of measuring the progression of hydration of these materials by means of chemical shrinkage measurements. 7 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Research; CEMENT-- Hydration
Ident.: HYDRATION PROCESS; REACTIVE MATERIALS; MICROSILICA; HYDRATION CURVES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 56
1503317 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053939
DESIGN OF FLYASH CONCRETE.
Gopalan, M. K.; Haque, M. N.
Royal Military Coll, Dep of Civil Engineering, Duntroon, Aust
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 4 Jul 1985 p 694-702 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846 ISBN: 0-939950-17-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
A method for the design of flyash concrete to achieve a specified compressive strength at 7 and 28 days is presented. The method is simple and easy to use. The validity of this method has been tested by comparing the actual and the predicted strength for a number of mixes. Abrams' law is used in this method to develop design charts; the law is found to hold good for flyash concrete when the water cement ratio is replaced by the water cementitious ratio. The constants of the equations are found to vary according to a cubic polynomial of the flyash cement ratio. 9 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Research; COMPOSITE MATERIALS--Mixing
Ident.: CONCRETE MIXTURES; MIX DESIGN; ABRAMS' LAW; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 415 (Metals, Wood & Other Structural Materials); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 57
1503313 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053938
INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE STRENGTH OF PORTLAND-FLY ASH MIXTURES.
Mehta, P. K.
Univ of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 4 Jul 1985 p 669-674 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846 ISBN: 0-939950-17-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Modern thermal power plants are producing large amounts of fly ash that is generally quite suitable for use as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Based on tests on 11 different fly ashes and direct determination of compressive strength of test mortars made with a fixed proportion of fly ash by weight of the cementitious material, and a fixed ratio between water and the cementitious material, it seems that the calcium content and particle size distribution of the fly ash are the most important parameters governing the strength development rate in normally cured portland cement-fly ash mixtures. 3 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Admixtures; CONCRETE TESTING--Compression Tests
Ident.: WASTE FROM POWER PLANTS; COAL ASH USE; CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS; PARTICLE SIZE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 58
1502274 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507062222
COAL COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCTS UTILIZATION MANUAL. VOLUME 2: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Anon
Michael Baker Jr. Inc, Beaver, PA, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 3122 Jul 1983 149p CODEN: EPRCD7 ISBN: 0-939950-17-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: RR; (Report Review) Treatment: A; (Applications); G; (G- eneral Review); X; (Experimental)
Volume 2 is an annotated bibliography of reference documents addressing various specific utilization topics that are treated in Volume 1. All literature obtained and used in the preparation of Volume 1 are described and categorized by keywords. Refs.
Desc.: *WASTE UTILIZATION--*Bibliographies; COAL--Combustion; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; FLY ASH--Applications; BRICKMAKING--Fly Ash; SCRUBBERS
Ident.: SLUDGE; MINERAL WOOL; METAL RECOVERY; BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Class. Codes: 913 (Production Planning & Control); 524 (Solid Fuels); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 414 (Masonry Materials); 412 (Concrete); 901 (Engineering Profession); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 59
1496970 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053937
EFFECTIVENESS OF RESEARCH ON FLY ASH IN CONCRETE.
Idorn, G. M.; Thaulow, N.
G. M. Idorn Consult ApS, Naerum, Den
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 3 May 1985 p 535-544 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Energy crisis and availability have for a decade funded extensive research and numerous conferences regarding uses of fly ash in concrete. The returns of these investments can be improved by more systematic characterization of fly ashes and of cements used with them, and by more conceptual approaches to further development of testing methods, incorporating exploration of the energetics of fly ash hydration with cement and of the ways in which fly ash may improve the microstructure of cement paste. 23 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Waste Utilization CEMENT--Raw Materials
Ident.: FLY ASH HYDRATION; CEMENT PASTE; SILICA CONTENT; GRANULOMETRY
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 60
1496954 E.I. Monthly No: EI8507053936
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF OIL SHALE ASH PASTES. - 2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE.
Baum, H.; Bentur, A.; Soroka, I.
Technion-Israel Inst of Technology, Building Research Station, Haifa, Isr
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 3 May 1985 p 391-400 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Compressive strength, drying-shrinkage and expansion in water of oil shale ash pastes were studied and compared to the corresponding properties of portland cement paste. X-ray diffraction and some scanning electron microscopy runs were also included in the study. It was concluded that the structure and properties of the ash pastes can be described and explained by the same models which have been suggested for portland cement paste. The only exception was the total porosity of the ash paste which remained unchanged with time. 16 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Admixtures
Ident.: ASH PASTE; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; SET ASH MODEL; CEMENTITIOUS PROPERTIES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 61
1489442 E.I. Monthly No: EI8506043315
LIME-FLY ASH LARGE WALL PANELS.
Tang Bhao
China Building Technology Development Cent, China
Batiment International/Building Research & Practice v 12 n 6 Nov-Dec 1984 p 378-379 CODEN: BINTDO
ISSN: 0182-3329 ISBN: 0-87762-327-9
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.)
To economize on expensive cement and to use available resources to the fullest, China increasingly makes use of methods of large-panel construction by which the panels are made from fly ash from power station waste, together with calcium from quicklime and a slight addition of gypsum. Fine and coarse aggregates are of various kinds. The methods of production, the properties and the satisfaction performance of these panels in use are described.
Desc.: *BUILDING MATERIALS--*Waste Utilization; FLY ASH; APARTMENT HOUSES--Peoples Republic of China; ECONOMICS; GYPSUM
Ident.: WALL PANELS; STEAM CURING
Class. Codes: 414 (Masonry Materials); 521 (Combustion & Fuels) ; 804 (Chemical Products); 911 (Industrial Economics); 415 (Metals, Wood & Other Structural Materials); 482 (Mineralogy & Petrology); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 62
1488423 E.I. Monthly No: EI8506044331
COMPARISON OF TUFF AND FLY ASH IN BLENDED CEMENT.
He, Jun-Yuan; Scheetz, Barry E.; Roy, Della M.
Pennsylvania State Univ, Materials Research Lab, University Park, PA, USA
American Ceramic Society Bulletin v 64 n 5 May 1985 p 707-711 CODEN: ACSBA7
ISSN: 0002-7812 ISBN: 3-211-81842-1
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
The effect of tuff and two types of fly ash on the hydration of cement was studied. Compressive strength of cement mortars, pozzolanic activity index of tuff and fly ashes, rate of heat evolution of cement, nonevaporable water and calcium hydroxide content in the hardened cement pastes were determined. It was found that the mechanical strength of mortars containing fly ash, especially high-lime fly ash, was higher than that of mortars containing tuff. The pozzolanic activity index of fly ash, especially high-lime fly ash, was greater than that of tuff. 6 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Hydration
Ident.: COMPRESSION STRENGTH; POZZOLANIC MATERIALS; HYDRAULIC CEMENT ; DIATOMITES; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 63
1478397 E.I. Monthly No: EI8505040300
Report of Road Trial Sections Built with Fly Ash Aggregates from a Plant in Forest, Brabant Province.
COMPTE RENDU DE L'EXECUTION DE SECTIONS EXPERIMENTALES DE FONDATIONS A BASE DE CENDRES VOLANTES DE FRAICHE PRODUCTION A FOREST (PROVINCE DE BRABANT).
Thijs, M.; Verhasselt, A.
Cent Rech Routieres Rep CR (Brussels) 25 1984 125p CODEN: CRRCDX ISBN: 0-85403-210-X
Language: FRENCH
Doc. Type: RR; (Report Review) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; (E- xperimental)
The use of fly ash as the primary component of pozzolanic binders in concrete for road bases has been studied in great detail by the preparation, execution and follow-up of an experimental site in which the base courses were constructed in pozzolanic concrete. The suitability of the available mixing plant for the production of pozzolanic concrete could be confirmed by preparing test mixtures. The ultimate strength of the pozzolanic concrete on the site was primarily influenced by the level of compaction achieved. The kinetic behavior of the pozzolanic reactions was largely a function of the ambient temperature and to a lesser extent of the pozzolanic binder content. 18 refs. In French.
Desc.: *ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: POZZOLANIC BINDERS; SLAKED LIME; ROAD BASE COURSE; COMPACTION EFFECTS
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 64
1478224 E.I. Monthly No: EI8505039589
IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY FOR SPUN-CAST CONCRETE POLES.
Dilger, W. H.; Ghali, A.
Dilger-Ghali Civil Engineering Consultants Ltd, Calgary, Alberta, Can
US Dep Energy Morgantown Energy Technol Cent Rep DOE/METC 136 D 254 Jul 1984 155p CODEN: MCDED8 ISBN: 0-85403-210-X
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); G; - (General Review); T; (Theoretical)
Different types of concrete are investigated with the goal of developing concrete which is suitable for the production of spun-cast concrete poles. High strength normal weight concretes and semi-lightweight concretes, both with and without fly ash and/or silica fume and with different types of admixtures were used to produce spun-cast concrete pole segments. The problems in achieving proper compaction and to avoid segregation of the different mix components during the spinning process are described. Shrinkage strains and deformations are monitored on selected specimens and the durability of some of the concretes has been established by freeze-thaw tests. A theoretical computer study is presented for stresses near the ends of pretensioned poles resulting from prestress transfer. 10 refs.
Desc.: *POLES--*Concrete; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Precast; STRESSES --Computer Aided Analysis
Ident.: AGGREGATE PROPORTIONS; SPINNING PROCESS CONTROL; SPUN-CAST SPECIMEN TESTING; SHRINKAGE AND DURABILITY
Class. Codes: 408 (Structural Design); 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 421 (Materials Properties); 723 (Computer Software); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 72 (COMPUTERS & DATA PROCESSING)

Y032008 65
1475871 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025909
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF FLY ASH IN THE HYDRATED FLY ASH - CaSO//4 X (TIMES) 2H//20 - Ca (OH)//2 SYSTEM.
Ohsawa, S.; Asaga, K.; Goto, S.; Daimon, M.
Tokyo Inst of Technology, Dep of Inorganic Materials, Tokyo, Jpn
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 2 Mar 1985 p 357-366 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846 ISBN: 0-8412-0890-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
For the quantitative determination of fly ash in hydrated fly ash -

Y032008 CaSO//4 X (TIMES) 2H//2O - Ca (OH)//2 system, various kinds of selective dissolution were evaluated using pastes made from a single representative fly ash. Selective dissolution using picric acid-methanol solution was found to be adequate. Selective dissolution using picric acid-methanol PLUS water can also be used, when it is necessary to save time, although rather bigger corrections are needed. 13 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CHEMICAL REACTIONS-- Hydration
Ident.: HYDRATED FLY ASH; SELECTIVE DISSOLUTION PROCEDURES; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROGRAPHS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 66
1475866 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504029950
PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF OIL SHALE ASH PASTES. I: COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL FEATURES.
Baum, H.; Soroka, I.; Bentur, A.
Technion-Israel Inst of Technology, Building Research Station, Haifa, Isr
Cement and Concrete Research v 15 n 2 Mar 1985 p 303-314 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846 ISBN: 0-8412-0890-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The composition and physical features of oil shale ash pastes were determined and compared with the corresponding properties of portland cement paste. In the first part presented here, the composition, chemically combined water, porosity (total, capillary and gel porosity), pore-size and pore-size distribution, and specific surface area were determined by water vapor adsorption, mercury penetration and X-ray diffraction. It was established that the structural features and the factors which control and determine these features, are essentially the same in both the ash and the portland cement pastes. 25 refs.
Desc.: *OIL SHALE--*Byproducts; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CEMENT--Hydration; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Ident.: OIL SHALE ASH PASTES; PORTLAND CEMENT PASTE; ASH ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS; ASH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Class. Codes: 505 (Mines & Mining, Nonmetallic); 512 (Petroleum & Related Deposits); 412 (Concrete); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING); 51 (PETROLEUM ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 67
1475712 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025912
LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE WITH AGLITE AGGREGATE: MIX DESIGN AND PROPERTIES.
Dhir, K.; Mays, R. G. C.; Chua, H. C.
Univ of Dundee, Dep of Civil Engineering, Dundee, Scotl
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 6 n 4 Nov 1984 p 249-261 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075 ISBN: 0-471-90122-9
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (- Experimental)
This study into the use of 'all-lightweight' aggregate (Aglite) for making structural concrete is in two parts. The first deals with mix design. The second part discusses the results obtained for various properties of Aglite concrete, made with cement contents from 250 to 600 kg/m**3, in the hardened state. Compressive strengths at the age of one year ranged from 43 to 60 N/mm**2 and 29 to 53 N/mm**2 for normal water and air-curing respectively. The tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity are shown to increase at a decreasing rate with compressive strength, but Aglite concrete shows a more brittle failure than normal concrete. The range of drying shrinkage values is comparable to that observed for concrete made with normal aggregate (crushed-rock or gravel) of a low shrinkage value. In short, 'all-Aglite' concrete may be used for all structural applications. 34 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Testing; CONCRETE--Light Weight; FLY ASH--Applications; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
Ident.: AGLITE; EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATES; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; DRYING SHRINKAGE; ELASTIC DEFORMATION
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 68
1475711 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025908
USE OF RICE HUSK ASH IN CONCRETE.
Al-Khalaf, Moayad N.; Yousif, Hana A.
Univ of Technology, Dep of Building & Construction, Baghdad, Iraq
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 6 n 4 Nov 1984 p 241-248 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075 ISBN: 0-471-90122-9
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Rice husk ash was prepared as a pozzolana by a special process such that the final product conformed to engineering requirements in terms of physical and chemical properties, and the silica remained in an amorphous form with a minor amount of unburnt carbon. Results indicated that such a pozzolana can be produced with varying pozzolanic activity index depending on the degree of grinding and the burning temperature. The effect of rice husk ash content as partial replacement of cement on compressive strength and volume changes of different mixes is investigated. Test results showed that up to 40% replacement can be made with no significant change in compressive strength compared with the control mix. However, the effect on volume changes is within the limit specified in the American Standard. 12 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; AGRICULTURAL WASTES-- Applications; FLY ASH--Applications; STRENGTH OF MATERIALS; CONCRETE-- Testing
Ident.: POZZOLANS; RICE HUSK ASH; CEMENT REPLACEMENT; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 821 (Agricultural Equipment & Methods); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 82 (AGRICULTURE & FOOD TECHNOLOGY); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 69
1475100 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504027676
APPLICATIONS OF PULVERIZED FUEL ASH IN BUILDING MATERIALS.
Bloem, P. J. C.; Sciarone, B. J. G.
NV Kema, Dep of Chemical Research, Arnhem, Neth
Kema Sci Tech Rep v 2 n 2 1984 p 113-124 CODEN: KESRED ISBN: 3-7985-0655-8
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Fly ash obtained from electrostatic precipitators in Dutch coal-fired power plants was applied in some building materials to determine the influence upon the most relevant properties of these materials. It was found that bricks containing fly ash could be manufactured with a quality comparable to that of 'conventional' bricks. Adjustment of the sintering procedure is most important. It also was found that the brick quality depended on the type of fly ash added. The main fly-ash parameters in this respect are the grain-size distribution and the carbon content. As was expected, the relative share of fly ash also influences the various properties of the bricks. The use of fly ash in cement-stone samples leads to an increase of the pore volume. Of all samples containing more than 20% by weight of fly ash, the compressive strength was reduced. Lowering of the ratio between water and the binding agent results in a higher compressive strength and a lower pore volume. It is shown that longer hardening times (56 days) improve the quality of the cement-stone. 5 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; BRICKMAKING--Fly Ash; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; COAL ASH--Applications; PULVERIZED FUEL-- Waste Utilization; BUILDING MATERIALS--Waste Utilization
Ident.: CEMENT-STONE QUALITY; BRICK QUALITY
Class. Codes: 451 (Air Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products); 524 (Solid Fuels); 412 (Concrete); 414 (Masonry Materials); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 70
1473858 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025257
LONG-TERM STUDY ON STABILITY OF HIGH-MAGNESIA CEMENT CONTAINING FLY ASH.
Rehsi, S. S.; Garg, S. K.
Central Building Research Inst, Roorkee, India
Durability of Building Materials v 2 n 3 Jan 1985 p 265-273 CODEN: DBMTDQ ISBN: 0-89520-421-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
This paper covers an investigation carried out to study the efficacy of fly ash to stabilize high-magnesia cement on hydration at normal temperature. The high-magnesia cement was obtained by grinding high-magnesia cement clinker (MgO content 10%) produced in a pilot plant rotary kiln using raw meal consisting of high-magnesian limestone and clay. Data are presented for development of compressive strength, wetting expansion and hydration products formed in high-magnesia cement with and without 30% fly ash, by weight, at different periods of storage in water. The use of powdered calcined clay, in place of fly ash, has also been suggested. 14 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Stability; FLY ASH--Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; BUILDING MATERIALS
Ident.: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; CEMENT HYDRATION; WETTING EXPANSION; THERMOGRAMS OF CEMENT
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 421 (Materials Properties); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 71
1470796 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504027677
FLY-ASH UTILIZATION IN CONSTRUCTION MATERERIALS PRODUCTION ON THE BASIS OF POLISH EXPERIENCES.
Jatymowicz, Hanna
Concrete Industry Research & Developing Cent, Pol
CEW Chem Eng World v 19 n 2 Feb 1984 p 54-58 CODEN: CEWOAY ISBN: 92-64-12423-3
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
The Polish power station system is based mainly on coal, and the production of fly-ash exceeds 15 million tons per year; hence problems relating to the management of such waste product are of the top priority in Polish economy. Experience has shown that the most efficient use of fly ash is in the production of autoclaved cellular concrete. The most typical Polish processing method is the technology 'UNIPOL' of the production of cellular concrete, used in a majority of domestic and exported plants.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Waste Utilization; COAL ASH; POWER PLANTS--Poland ; CONCRETE--Admixtures; CONCRETE PRODUCTS--Manufacture
Ident.: CELLULAR CONCRETE; UNIPOL
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 521 (Combustion & Fuels) ; 913 (Production Planning & Control); 524 (Solid Fuels); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 412 (Concrete); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 72
1470455 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025494
MANUFACTURING METHODS FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS BASED ON ASH AS BASIC RAW MATERIALS.
Jadczak, Jerzy
Building Ceramics Industry, Technology-Mechanical Dep, Warsaw, Pol
CEW Chem Eng World v 19 n 3 Mar 1984 p 33-44 CODEN: CEWOAY ISBN: 0-87262-378-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
Some topics discussed are the following: the growth of ceramic products in Poland; characteristics of new ceramic materials; the application of ceramic construction products in the building industry; manufacturing methods employed; a manufacturing method based on ash as the basic raw material; a manufacturing method with the addition of fly ash and slag as process additives; forms of cooperation; and technical characteristics of Polish construction ceramics works (works with a yearly output of 10-15, 20-30, and 40-50 million normal-size products; and work utilizing fly as as the basic raw material to make 20-25 million normal-size products per year).
Desc.: *COAL ASH--*Waste Utilization; CERAMIC PRODUCTS--Manufacture
Class. Codes: 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 524 (Solid Fuels); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES)

Y032008 73
1470449 E.I. Monthly No: EI8504025493
REUSE POTENTIAL OF COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES.
Gupta, S. N.
Natl Thermal Power Corp Ltd, New Delhi, India
CEW Chem Eng World v 19 n 1 Jan 1984 p 91-92 CODEN: CEWOAY ISBN: 0-87262-378-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
Some of the potential uses of ash, those which are well established, as well as those in the experimental stages, are discussed. These uses are the following: raw material in cement; cement replacement in concrete materials; highway construction materials; light-weight aggregate; structural fills and embankments; the recovery of metals; soil improvement and land reclamation; fly ash bricks and blocks; and other uses.
Desc.: *COAL ASH--*Waste Utilization; CEMENT--Raw Materials; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Fly Ash; METALS AND ALLOYS; SOILS--Conditioners; BRICK
Ident.: COAL COMBUSTION RESIDUES
Class. Codes: 524 (Solid Fuels); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 412 (Concrete); 406 (Highway Engineering); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 74
1468414 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503023989
PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION BY THE USE OF FLY-ASH AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR EXTRACTED RAW MATERIALS.
Lyngvig, Jytte
Ministry of the Environment, Natl Agency for the Protection of Nature Monuments & Sites, Copenhagen, Den
Water Science and Technology v 15 n 11 1983, Solid Wastes from Coal Fired Power Plants Water Pollut Probl, Copenhagen, Den, Aug 16-18 1982 p 213-222 CODEN: WSTED4
ISSN: 0273-1223 ISBN: 0-08-031026-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
The use of fly-ash as a substitution material for gravel and clay materials is regarded as a way of disposing of a waste product, as well as a way of saving limited resources of natural raw materials. This paper discusses the Danish Raw Materials Act, which encourages raw materials conservation and environmental protection, possible applications of waste byproducts, and documentation for fly ash use as a substitute material for construction.
Desc.: *WATER POLLUTION--*Control; FLY ASH--Applications; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; BUILDING MATERIALS
Ident.: GRAVEL SUBSTITUTE; CLAY SUBSTITUTE; COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS
Class. Codes: 453 (Water Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 524 (Solid Fuels); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 414 (Masonry Materials); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 75
1468413 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503023988
USE OF 'THE CAPILLARY BARRIER' AS A SHIELD AGAINST GROUNDWATER POLLUTION FROM FLY-ASH DEPOSITS.
Andersen, L. J.; Madsen, B.
Geological Survey of Denmark, Hydrogeological Div, Copenhagen, Den
Water Science and Technology v 15 n 11 1983, Solid Wastes from Coal Fired Power Plants Water Pollut Probl, Copenhagen, Den, Aug 16-18 1982 p 207-212 CODEN: WSTED4
ISSN: 0273-1223 ISBN: 0-08-031026-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
Fly-ash deposits have often been established with an underlying membrane to prevent groundwater pollution that may result from deposition of coal-fired power plant ash in gravel pits. Such membrane-systems are expensive to build and necessitate continuous pumping and removal of percolate. This paper discusses an alternative that involves covering the fly-ash with a low-permeable membrane, which removes the infiltrated water laterally, prevents groundwater pollution and also the formation of percolate. By using the principle of 'The Capillary Barrier', a low permeable membrane can be constructed of natural and resistant porous materials. 4 refs.
Desc.: *WATER POLLUTION--*Control; FLY ASH--Environmental Impact; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; COAL ASH; MEMBRANES--Applications
Ident.: CAPILLARY BARRIER; COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS; PERCOLATE FORMATION PREVENTION
Class. Codes: 453 (Water Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 524 (Solid Fuels); 631 (Fluid Flow & Hydrodynamics); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 63 (FLUID DYNAMICS & VACUUM TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 76
1468406 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503018266
OCEAN DISPOSAL OF CONSOLIDATED SPRAY DRYER FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION WASTES.
Donnelly, J. R.; Webster, W. C.; Duedall, I. W.; Hsu, K. J.; Parker, J. H.; Woodhead, P. M. J.
A/S Niro Atomizer, Copenhagen, Den
Water Science and Technology v 15 n 11 1983, Solid Wastes from Coal Fired Power Plants Water Pollut Probl, Copenhagen, Den, Aug 16-18 1982 p 97-107 CODEN: WSTED4
ISSN: 0273-1223 ISBN: 0-08-031026-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
A new flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technology, Spray Drying Absorption, was introduced about five years ago, This process produces a dry end product composed of fly ash, desulfurization reaction products and excess reagents. As assessment of the feasibility of using solid blocks formed from dry FGD end products for ocean reef construction is being performed by the Marine Sciences Research Center. Consolidated dry FGD end products from Nitro Atomizer's Riverside dry FGD demonstration facility and Copenhagen dry FGD pilot plants were tested. These wastes represent low sulfur western and European coal applications. The end products were dampended and consolidated into Proctor cylinders. After curing, the cylinders were exposed in sea water systems including the open seas for up to 6 months. Block structural integrity was maintained during this period and porosity remained essentually unchanged. 11 refs.
Desc.: *FLUE GASES--*Desulfurization; WATER POLLUTION--Analysis; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; COASTAL ENGINEERING--Materials; COAL ASH--Waste Utilization
Ident.: SELF-HARDENING BLOCKS; OCEAN REEFS; SPRAY DRYING ABSORPTION
Class. Codes: 451 (Air Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 453 (Water Pollution); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING)

Y032008 77
1468405 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503016365
OCEAN DISPOSAL AND CONSTRUCTION WITH STABILIZED COAL WASTE BLOCKS.
Parker, Jeffrey H.; Woodhead, Peter M. J.; Duedall, Iver W.; Carleton, Herbert R.
State Univ of New York at Stony Brook, Marine Sciences Research Cent, Stony Brook, NY, USA
Water Science and Technology v 15 n 11 1983, Solid Wastes from Coal Fired Power Plants Water Pollut Probl, Copenhagen, Den, Aug 16-18 1982 p 83-95 CODEN: WSTED4
ISSN: 0273-1223 ISBN: 0-08-031026-5
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications)
A 500-ton reef was constructed in the Atlantic, consisting of 15, 000 solid blocks of stabilized flue gas desulfurization sludge and fly ash from coal burning power plants. A combination of different coal waste mixes, stabilization additives, and curing procedures were screened to develop candidate mix designs. The demonstration disposal reef is being monitored to assess environmental impacts which may occur and their relation to structural integrity and chemical properties of the coal waste blocks. Blocks are tested ultrasonically in the sea and also returned to the laboratory for compressive strength measurements. After almost two years in the sea, gradual increases in strength have been documented. The progress of biological colonization is also monitored and compared with existing reefs in the area. 7 refs.
Desc.: *COAL ASH--*Waste Utilization; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; COASTAL ENGINEERING; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT--Analysis; MARINE BIOLOGY
Ident.: COAL WASTE MIXES; DISPOSAL REEF; STABILIZATION ADDITIVES; COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS; COAL WASTE BLOCKS
Class. Codes: 524 (Solid Fuels); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 472 (Ocean Engineering); 471 (Marine Science & Oceanography); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 47 (OCEAN TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 78
1468399 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503017610
SOLID WASTES FROM COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS: WATER POLLUTION PROBLEMS, PART OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COAL FIRED POWER PLANTS AND THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT.
Jenkins, Samuel Harry (Ed. ); Schjodtz Hansen, P. (Ed. )
Water Quality Inst, Horsholm, Den
Water Science and Technology v 15 n 11 1983, Solid Wastes from Coal Fired Power Plants Water Pollut Probl, Copenhagen, Den, Aug 16-18 1982 250p CODEN: WSTED4
ISSN: 0273-1223 ISBN: 0-08-031026-5
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 05648 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: G; (General Review); T; (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
This volume contains 17 papers presented at the meeting, all of which are abstracted separately. Some of the topics covered are: water pollution arising from solid waste (coal, fly ash, slag) disposal, and measures to prevent water polution, handling and disposal of coal ash in the CEGB in relation to the aqueous environment) radiochemical techniques applied to laboratory studies of water leaching of heavy metals from coal fly ash, ocean disposal and construction with stabilized coal waste blocks, treatment of alkaline wastewater from lignite-fired power plants, studies of the leaching and weathering processes of coal ashes, prevention of water pollution by the use of fly-ash as a substitute for extracted raw materials, model of ion equilibrium in aqueous solutions of fly ash in the context of prediction of ground and surface water contamination. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed with the conference code no. 05648 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--*Waste Disposal; FLY ASH; COAL ASH; FLUE GASES; WATER POLLUTION
Ident.: PHYTOTOXICITY; DISPOSAL SITE WASHOUT; POLLUTION PATHWAYS; MARINE DISPOSAL; EIREV
Class. Codes: 614 (Steam Power Plants); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 524 (Solid Fuels) ; 451 (Air Pollution); 453 (Water Pollution); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 79
1468347 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503023902
WASTE ARISINGS IN HONG KONG.
Boxall, J. E.; Yung, K. K.
Environmental Protection Agency, Hong Kong
Conservation and Recycling v 7 n 2-4 1984, Ecol Aspects of Solid Waste Dispos, Proc of Conf, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, Dec 19-22 1983 p 115-131 CODEN: CRECD2
ISSN: 0361-3658 ISBN: 0-08-0325971
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); G; - (General Review)
The quantity of waste arisings in Hong Kong has nearly doubled over the past decade and its quality has changed with changing consumerism. The relationship between quantities and qualities of waste per head of population and various socio-economic parameters is discussed and forecasting techniques for domestic, industrial/commercial and construction waste are identified. The importance of waste recovery is addressed. Arisings of sewage sludge, agricultural waste, THD (toxic, hazardous and difficult wastes) and PFA (pulverized fly ash) will add significantly to waste quantities in the future. These new wastes have differing compositions and will require special handling, transport and disposal facilities. Therefore a reasonable forecast is made of the quantities of their arisings as this is essential for long term planning purposes. 6 refs.
Desc.: *WASTE DISPOSAL--*Hong Kong; REFUSE DISPOSAL--Hong Kong; INDUSTRIAL WASTES--Waste Utilization; MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING--Hong Kong; URBAN PLANNING--Hong Kong; SEWAGE TREATMENT--Sludge Disposal
Ident.: WASTE ARISINGS; SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS; CONSUMERISM; FORECASTING TECHNIQUES; WASTE RECOVERY
Class. Codes: 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 403 (Urban & Regional Planning & Development); 901 (Engineering Profession); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 80
1461304 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503018304
FLY ASH STABILIZATION OF SELECTED FLORIDA SUBGRADE AND BASE MATERIALS.
Raba, Carl F. Jr.; Fetzer, Donald T.; Hilton, Robert G.; Dougherty, E. L.
Raba-Kistner Consultants Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA
Texas Civil Engineer v 55 n 1 Jan 1985 p 12-17 CODEN: TXCEAK ISBN: 0-306-41436-8
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
This is Progress Report No. 1 in Program A of a multiphased investigation to define the engineering properties of fly ash as a stabilizer with selected Florida subgrade and base materials. The initial test results on limerock and sand from Citrus County, Florida, are presented. These tests evaluated the effectiveness of (a) fly ash, (b) cement-fly and (c) lime-fly ash mixtures on engineering properties including compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, wet-dry durability, limerock bearing ratio and triaxial compressive strength. It is intended that this comprehensive study provide the engineering basis for the design parameters necessary for the successful use of fly ash as an economical cementitious stabilizer in the construction of unsurfaced and surfaced roadways, structural fills and embankments.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Mechanical Properties; SAND AND GRAVEL-- Compaction; ROADS AND STREETS--Stabilization
Ident.: FLY ASH-LIMEROCK MIXTURES; ENGINEERING PROPERTIES; FLY ASH-SAND MIXTURES
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 421 (Materials Properties); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 406 (Highway Engineering); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 81
1460744 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503016861
DEFLECTION AND CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF FERROCEMENT WITH GROUPED REINFORCEMENT AND FIBER REINFORCED MATRIX.
Swamy, R. N.; Spanos, A.
Univ of Sheffield, Dep of Civil & Structural Engineering, Sheffield, Engl
Journal of The American Concrete Institute v 82 n 1 Jan-Feb 1985 p 79-91 CODEN: JACIAX
ISSN: 0002-8061 ISBN: 0-306-41678-6
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); T; - (Theoretical); X; (Experimental)
This paper presents two aspects of ferrocement technology. First it is shown that grouping the reinforcement meshes at top and bottom and tying them to skeletal bars into a rigid cage simplifies fabrication compared to conventionally spaced meshes and insures the desired location of the meshes. Cement replacement by 50 percent fly ash and inclusion of a superplasticizer can produce mixes of excellent flow characteristics and adequate early strength that can further ease the construction process and enable incorporation of fibers without difficulties of fabrication. Second, it is shown that fiber reinforcement along with the new steel arrangement increases stiffness, decreases deflection, and shows large ductility at failure. The fiber reinforcement also results in substantial reductions in crack spacing and crack width compared to conventional ferrocement. Equations are presented to predict average crack spacing and crack width. 12 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE REINFORCEMENTS--*Manufacture; CONCRETE AGGREGATES --Fly Ash; COMPOSITE MATERIALS--Fiber Reinforced
Ident.: FERROCEMENT CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES; FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE; DEFORMATION CONTROL; FABRICATION PROCESS
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 545 (Iron & Steel); 817 (Plastics, Products & Applications); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 54 (METAL GROUPS) ; 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES)

Y032008 82
1460037 E.I. Monthly No: EI8503016827
EFFECT OF FLY ASHES ON THE RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF CEMENT PASTES.
Rudzinski, L.
Technical Univ of Kielce, Inst of Technology & Organization of Construction, Kielce, Pol
Materiaux et Constructions, Materials and Structures v 17 n 101 Sep-Oct 1984 p 369-373 CODEN: MCMSBP
ISSN: 0025-5432 ISBN: 0-306-41678-6
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
A study of the behavior of fresh cement pastes under shear in a rotational viscometer of the Rheotest-2 type, especially designed for this purpose, is described. It is shown that an addition of fly ash to Portland clinker influences the change of flow behavior of cement pastes from thixotropic flow to thixotropic-dilatant flow. Moreover, introduction of fly ashes without decreasing the amount of cement brings about an increase in the basic rheological characteristics of cement pastes, growth intensity being dependent on volume fraction of solid and percentage of addition. 13 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Viscosity; RHEOLOGY
Ident.: CEMENT PASTE FLOW; FLOW CHARACTERISTICS; THIXOTROPY; DILATANCY
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 631 (Fluid Flow & Hydrodynamics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 63 (FLUID DYNAMICS & VACUUM TECHNOLOGY)

Y032008 83
1456752 E.I. Monthly No: EI8502012372
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH-MATURITY RELATIONSHIPS OF MORTAR CONTAINING FLY ASH.
Ragan, Steven A.
US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Structures Lab, Vicksburg, MS, USA
Misc Pap US Army Eng Waterw Exp Stn SL-84-13 Oct 1984 40p CODEN: XWMPA4 ISBN: 0-916877-00-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: RR; (Report Review) Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (Ex- perimental)
The relationships between the compressive strength and maturity of four mortar mixtures containing fly ash were evaluated. The maturity of the mortar was determined using both the traditional maturity method proposed by Saul and the maturity-age procedure proposed by Freisleben-Hansen and Pedersen. Two mortar mixtures had 25 percent of the cement by absolute volume replaced with Class F fly ash, and two mixtures had 35 percent by the cement of absolute volume replaced with Class F fly ash. Twenty-four compressive strength specimens and three temperature monitoring specimens were fabricated from each batch and cured at the temperature of interest. The curing temperatures investigated included 40 DEGREE, 73 DEGREE, and 85 DEGREE F, and a daily fluctuating temperature ranging from 40 DEGREE to 80 DEGREE F. The temperature-age history of the specimens was monitored continuously and compressive strength tests were conducted at various ages up to 28 days. Both the classical maturity method proposed by Saul and the maturity-age procedure proposed by Freisleben-Hansen and Pedersen estimated the compressive strength of the test specimens with a degree of success. 15 refs.
Desc.: *MORTAR--*Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING--Compression Tests
Ident.: ACCELERATED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; CONCRETE STRENGTH DETERMINATION; CURED CONCRETE MIXTURE; MATURITY METHOD
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 84
1456574 E.I. Monthly No: EI8502009839
SOME PRELIMINARY TEST DATA ON CEMENT-pfa-ANHYDRITE MIXES.
Hyde, A. F. L.
Loughborough Univ of Technology, Dep of Civil Engineering, Loughborough, Engl
Magazine of Concrete Research v 36 n 128 Sep 1984 p 174-180 CODEN: MCORAV
ISSN: 0024-9831 ISBN: 0-916877-00-0
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Pulverized-fuel ash (pfa) is commonly used as a load-bearing fill for civil engineering purposes. Anhydrite is often used for similar purposes in the mining industry. A series of compressive strength tests were carried out on combinations of these three materials to determine their potential as moderate- to high-strength fills. Attempts to stabilize pfa using anhydrite showed little potential for increasing the load-bearing capacity of pfa. However, a study of the combination of cement and anhydrite in the stabilization of pfa showed these two materials to be complementary in increasing the compressive strength of compacted stabilized pfa. 11 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING-- Compression Tests
Ident.: COMPACTION METHODS; CALCIUM SULFATE; GYPSUM ADDITIVES; STABILIZING AGENTS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 85
1452696 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501001938
MINUTES OF SPRING MEETING - PENNSYLVANIA ELECTRIC ASSOCIATION, ENGINEERING SECTION, STRUCTURES AND HYDRAULICS COMMITTEE, 1984.
Anon
Pennsylvania Electric Assoc, Engineering Section, Structures & Hydraulics Committee, Harrisburg, PA, USA
Minutes Meet Pa Electr Assoc Eng Sect Struct and Hydraul Comm, Spring, Clarion, PA, USA, Apr 25-27 1984. Publ by Pennsylvania Electric Assoc, Engineering Section, Harrisburg, PA, USA, 1984 var pagings CODEN: MMPSDA ISBN: 2-85428-087-3
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 05687 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: CP; (Conference Proceedings) Treatment: A; (Application- s); M; (Management Aspects); X; (Experimental)
This conference proceedings contains 6 papers. Various papers discuss: dam rehabilitation; planning process; post tensioned anchor installation gravity dam stability analysis; hydroelectric power plants; fly ash base course; ash haul roads; utility waste disposal area; and stabilized fly ash access road design. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed and abstracted with the conference code no. 05687 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *DAMS--*Applications; FLY ASH; ROADS AND STREETS; WASTE DISPOSAL; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Anchorages
Ident.: DAM REHABILITATION; POST TENSIONED ANCHOR INSTALLATION; FLY ASH BASE COURSE; UTILITY WASTE DISPOSAL AREA; EIREV
Class. Codes: 441 (Dams & Reservoirs); 451 (Air Pollution); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products); 406 (Highway Engineering) ; 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 44 (WATER & WATERWORKS ENGINEERING); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 86
1452339 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501001658
FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS MADE WITH FLY ASH COARSE AGGREGATES.
Swamy, R. N.; Lambert, G. H.
Univ of Sheffield, Dep of Civil & Structural Engineering, Sheffield, Engl
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 6 n 3 Aug 1984 p 189-200 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Tests are reported and data on deflection, rotation, cracking, concrete and steel strains, design service and ultimate loads are presented. The results show that fly ash aggregate concrete beams can satisfy the service-ability requirements of deflection and cracking, and that they possess adequate ductility and load factor against flexural failure. It was found that a better estimation of short term deflection can be obtained if the contribution of the concrete in tension is neglected. Some of the beams may not fully satisfy long-term deflection requirements, and this aspect should be considered in design. It is shown that these beams can give satisfactory structural performance according to British and American Codes. 16 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; BEAMS AND GIRDERS--Bending; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Reinforced Concrete; CONCRETE--Cracking
Ident.: FAILURE MODES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 408 (Structural Design); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 921 (Applied Mathematics); 931 (Applied Physics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 92 (ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS); 93 (ENGINEERING PHYSICS)

Y032008 87
1451649 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501001657
GLASS IN LOW-CALCIUM FLY ASH.
Mather, Bryant
US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Structures Lab, Vicksburg, MS, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 6 Nov 1984 p 887-890 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Fly ashes, collected from power plants burning bituminous coal in the Eastern United States wre analyzed for their silica contents. Transparent isotropic particles were recorded as glass. Glass content was determined as weighted average by particle counts in sieve-size groups. 5 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash
Ident.: SILICA CONTENT; ISOTROPIC PARTICLES; GLASS SPHERES; POZZOLANS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 88
1451647 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501000939
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF GLASS IN SLAG BY INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY.
Eberendu, A. R. N.; Daugherty, K. E.
North Texas State Univ, Dep of Chemistry, Denton, TX, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 6 Nov 1984 p 873-883 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: T; (Theoretical); X; (- Experimental)
Determinations of the glass content of synthetic and blast furance slags by infrared absorption spectroscopy are described. A linear relationship exists between the calculated infrared absorption R-values and the percentage glass determined by optical microscopy count. The use of an internal standard and a constant grinding time for the slag sample are crucial to obtaining an accurate and reproducible result. 18 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Additives; CONCRETE--Admixtures; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; SLAGS--Applications
Ident.: BLAST FURNACE SLAG; GLASS CONTENT; HYDRAULIC ACIVITY; CEMENTATION PROPERTIES; OXIDES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 89
1451634 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501001656
INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH CENOSPHERES ON THE DETAILS OF CRACKING IN FLYASH-BEARING CEMENT PASTES.
Montgomery, Denis; Diamond, Sidney
Univ of Wollongong, Dep of Civil & Mining Engineering, Wollongong, Aust
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 6 Nov 1984 p 767-775 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
Compact tension specimens were prepared from a cement-flyash paste with an especially-high content of cenospheres, to permit examination of the details of the influence of cenospheres on the cracking pattern obtained on loading such specimens in the SEM. It was found that even after extensive aging, the advancing crack typically went around the cenosphere-paste interface rather than cleaving through the cenosphere itself. Cenospheres in flyash-cement systems appear to act as energy-dissipating inclusions in fracture and do not necessarily weaken the system. 4 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Crack Propagation
Ident.: CENOSPHERE EFFECTS; CRACKING PATTERN; AGING; CLEAVING
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 90
1445368 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501006556
Utilization of Fly Ash as Roadbuilding Materials for Embankment Supplied by Coal-fired Electric Power Plants.
ETAT DES CONNAISSANCES RELATIVES A L'UTILISATION EN REMBLAIS ROUTIERS DE CENDRES VOLANTES DE FRAICHE PRODUCTION PROVENANT D'UNE OU DE PLUSIEURS CENTRALES ELECTRIQUES.
Thijs, M
Cent Rech Routieres Rep CR (Brussels) n 21 1984 150p CODEN: CRRCDX
Language: FRENCH
Doc. Type: RR; (Report Review) Treatment: X; (Experimental)
The physical and geotechnical characteristics of freshly produced fly-ash collected using dry methods from the exhaust gases of, for the most part, coal-fired power stations, were studied in the laboratory and on a pre-experimental site with a view to their use as a road embankment material. When subjected to certain conditions governing state, saturation, and stress, fly-ash used in embankment can undergo liquefaction, if it is has been inadequately compacted (below a certain critical density). The critical density can be determined in the laboratory. The construction of trial sections and a pre-experimental embankment of 800 m**3 has made it possible to determine the main technical problems which must be solved when using fly-ash in road embankment. 20 refs. In French with English abstract.
Desc.: *ROADS AND STREETS--*Embankments; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Fly Ash; POWER PLANTS--Waste Utilization
Ident.: EMBANKMENT STABILITY; GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES; BEARING CAPACITY
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 412 (Concrete); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING)

Y032008 91
1444966 E.I. Monthly No: EI8501001659
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDENSED SILICA FUMES.
Aitcin, Pierre-Claude; Pinsonneault, Phillippe; Roy, Della M.
Univ of Sherbrooke, Civil Engineering Dep, Sherbrooke, Que, Can
American Ceramic Society Bulletin v 63 n 12 Dec 1984 p 1487-1491 CODEN: ACSBA7
ISSN: 0002-7812
Lang.: Eng.
Doc. Type: JA; (Jrnl Art.) Treatment: A; (Applications); X; - (Experimental)
Condensed silica fume is a by-product of the fabrication of silicon, or of different silicon alloys, that can be used as a very efficient pozzolanic material in concrete. However, different types of condensed silica fume are available, depending on the type of silicon alloy produced and the design of the furnace, so that condensed silica fume can react differently when introduced in concrete. The purpose of this paper is to underline the differences between the various condensed silica fumes presently available. 7 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Waste Utilization; CEMENT--Additives SILICA--Waste Utilization
Ident.: CONDENSED SILICA FUME; SILICA DUST; FLY ASH; SILICA OXIDE VAPOR
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 482 (Mineralogy & Petrology); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 92
1439158 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406052166 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025545
SYMPOSIUM ON CONCRETE 1983: THE MATERIAL FOR TOMORROW'S DEMANDS, PREPRINTS OF PAPERS, 1983.
Anon
Inst of Engineers, Australia, Natl Committe on Concrete Research & Engineering, Barton, ACT, Aust
National Conference Publication - Institution of Engineers, Australia n 83/12, Symp on Concr 1983 The Mater for Tomorrow's Demands, Prepr of Pap, Perth, Aust, Oct 20-21 1983. Publ by Inst of Engineers, Australia, Barton, ACT, Aust, 1983 140p CODEN: NPIEDX
ISSN: 0313-6922
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 04108 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
This symposium proceedings contains 29 papers. The topics covered include: concrete ductility; mix design methods; steam curing of high strength concrete; blended slag cement concrete; chloride diffusion into piles; concrete structure fire resistance; deformed bar bond strength; flat plate floor design; reinforced concrete slab banding; prestressed concrete beam strength; truss stress analysis; reinforced concrete reliability analysis; precast concrete panel failure; post-tensioned concrete economy. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed with the conference code no. 04108 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Research; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Prestressing; CEMENT--Slag; CONCRETE REINFORCEMENTS--Bond; CONCRETE PRODUCTS--Slabs
Ident.: CONCRETE MIX DESIGN; CONCRETE STRUCTURE FIRE RESISTANCE; CONCRETE STEAM CURING; PRESTRESSED CONCRETE STRENGTH; EIREV
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 545 (Iron & Steel); 421 (Materials Properties); 408 (Structural Design); 914 (Safety Engineering); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 54 (METAL GROUPS) ; 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 93
1435442 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003206 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050813
STATUS OF EPRI RP 1850-1 'COAL COMBUSTION BY-PRODUCT UTILIZATION MANUAL'.
Kurgan, G. John
Michael Baker, Jr., Inc, Beaver, Pa, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 5. 22-5. 28 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The study is focusing predominantly on the large volume coal combustion by-products; namely fly ash, bottom ash/boiler slag and FGD sludge. To a lesser extent the potential reuse of by-products created by new technologies, such as dry scrubbing and fluidized bed combustion, is investigated. Approximately 300 literature sources on coal combustion by-product utilization have been reviewed and developed into an annotated bibliography. Of these, approximately 75 sources are related to fly ash use in cement and concrete. Potential institutional barriers to fly ash use are identified.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; COAL--Combustion; CEMENT--Additives ; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; WASTE UTILIZATION
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 524 (Solid Fuels); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 94
1435441 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003210 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050831
REFERENCE SAMPLE PROGRAM FOR FLY ASHES AS A STIMULUS TO TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS.
Frohnsdorff, G.; Dise, J. R.; Clifton, J. R.
NBS, Cent for Building Technology, Washington, DC, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 5. 14-5. 21 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
It is argued that a practical way of simultaneously contributing to the data base for research and promoting assurance of fly ash quality would be establishment of a fly ash reference sample program. The potential benefits are; improved quality of standard testing, improved knowledge of differences between fly ashes, establishment of a large data base for use by researchers and others, and establishment of a source of well-characterized flyashes for further research. An ASTM-sponsored reference sample program for blended cements, specifically portland - fly ash cements, was established in 1979. The establishment of a similar reference sample program for fly ashes for use in concrete is recommended. 17 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Sampling; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES --Fly Ash; STANDARDS
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 902 (Engineering Graphics & Standards); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 95
1435440 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003205 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050812
RESEARCH NEEDS FOR FACILITATING THE USE OF FLY ASH IN THE CEMENT AND CONCRETE INDUSTRY.
Mehta, P. K.
Univ of California, Civil Engineering Dep, Berkeley, Calif, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 5. 9-5. 13 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Better quality control through complete characterization of physical-chemical properties of fly ash is urged, noting that the procedures for determining the glass content, nature of the glass, and particle size distribution are time-consuming and, usually, complex. Availability of performance tests which are directly able to ascertain the potential of a fly ash for improving durability, impermeability, and strength characteristics of concrete when fly ash is used as a partial replacement for portland cement should facilitate the use of fly ash in the cement and concrete industry. To this end, a review of two performance tests developed at the University of California at Berkeley is presented. One is a performance test for pozzolanic activity, strength, and impermeability, and the other a performance test for durability to sulfate attack.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Research
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 901 (Engineering Profession); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 96
1435439 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003204 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050811
FLY ASHES IN CONCRETE: COMMENTS ON NEED FOR R&D.
Skalny, J.
Martin Marietta Lab, Baltimore, Md, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 5. 6-5. 8 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The question of fly ash characterization and the need for a revision of ASTM standards is brought up. Development of analytical and physical methods for better characterizing fly ash properties, especially those that are difficult to define - such as glassiness and reactivity - and improved performance specifications is urged.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Research
Class. Codes: 511 (Oil Field Equipment & Production Operations) 804 (Chemical Products); 412 (Concrete); 901 (Engineering Profession); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 51 (PETROLEUM ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 97
1435438 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003203 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050810
LONG-RANGE R&D FOR FLY ASH CEMENTS, A DISCUSSION.
Roy, D. M.
Pennsylvania State Univ, Materials Reseach Lab, University Park, Pa, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 5. 1-5. 5 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Recent research on fly ash characterization and hydration behavior in cementitious structures is briefly discussed. It has given evidence of the complexities of these materials. The energy relations involved in cement-fly ash hydration are examined using the parallel example of slag cements. The importance of the behavior of the glassy components of fly ashes is stressed. 10 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE; GLASS SLAGS; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Research
Ident.: FLY ASH CEMENTS
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 641 (Heat & Thermodynamics); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 64 (HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS) 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 98
1435437 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003202 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050809
LONG-TERM R&D REQUIREMENTS.
Diamond, S.
Purdue Univ, Sch of Civil Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 4. 34-4. 44 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The current state of knowledge about fly ashes and their effects in concrete is briefly reviewed and long-range opportunities for research and development to stimulate successful large-scale use of fly ash in cement and concrete are examined. This includes: more complete characterization of the various kinds of particles found in fly ashes and of variation in composition and potential reactivity of the particle with size; classification of fly ashes; study of the mineralogy and chemical composition of fly ashes; research into coal combustion and collection of fly ash to optimize both its properties and maintain the efficiency of power generation. 11 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Research; CEMENT --Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Waste Utilization
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 524 (Solid Fuels); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING)

Y032008 99
1435436 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003201 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050808
SHORT-TERM R&D OPPORTUNITIES.
Helmuth, R. A.
PCA, Construction Technology Lab, Skokie, Ill, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 4. 26-4. 33 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Attention is focused on three major areas of Short-Term R&D Opportunities for the use of fly ash in cement and concrete: water requirements, reaction chemistry and tests for pozzolanic activity, and rapid tests for pozzolantic reactivity. The ASTM C311 mortar flow test for water requirement depends strongly on the amount of No. 325 sieve residue, but this needs to be further investigated with respect to water reduction potential of fly ashes in concrete. Results of tests for pozzolanic activity index with portland cement also depend upon results of the water requirement test, and this matter should be examined, as should the reaction chemistry and the effects on strength. Rapid tests for pozzolanic reactivity of fly ashes, if reliable, would be useful and should be developed further. 16 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Research
Ident.: BLENDED CEMENT; MORTAR
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 901 (Engineering Profession); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 100
1435435 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003200 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050807
UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH IN CEMENT AND CONCRETE.
Cain, Craig J.
American Fly Ash Co, Des Plains, Ill, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 4. 14-4. 25 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Some aspects of the utilization of fly ash in the manufacture of cement and concrete are discussed. Some problems unique to the selling part of the marketing of fly ash are identified. Lack of knowledge in the portland cement industry about fly ash production and vice versa is one of the main problems. The present consumption of 2 Mt of fly ash could grow to as much as 16 Mt with better understanding of the material and its properties. In particular, the role played by carbon, alkalis, esp. calcium in cement and concrete, as well as by combustion conditions and fireside additives, is pointed out.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--United Sates; COAL ASH; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Waste Utilization
Ident.: BOTTOM ASH; PORTLAND CEMENT
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 101
1435433 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003199 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050806
USE OF FLY ASH IN CEMENT AND CONCRETE IN THE USA.
Bakker, W. T.
EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 79-3. 89 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
By the late 1980's, roughly 281 new coal-fired plants in addition to the 549 existing ones will be in service in the USA. Total installed capacity will then be approximately 351, 698 MW. It is estimated that coal consumption at that time will be roughly 900 million tons, resulting in a total ash generation level of about 120 million tons per year. At present, 25 percent of the ash generated by the electric utility industry is recovered or utilized. If this level is maintained, the nonrecovered ash in the early 1990's will be 90 million tons per year or 22 million tons more than the current level. Traditionally, the cement and concrete industries have been significant markets for fly ash. Basically fly ash, and to a lesser extent bottom ash, are being used as a raw material for cement production, as an ingredient in blended cement (I P cement) and as a partial replacement of Portland cement in concrete and concrete products. Details on percent usage and future trends are given.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Waste Disposal; COAL ASH; CONCRETE PRODUCTS--Materials
Ident.: BOTTOM ASH; BLENDED CEMENT
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 524 (Solid Fuels); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING)

Y032008 102
1435432 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003198 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050805
FLY ASH PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION IN THE NETHERLANDS.
Snel, A.
NV KEMA, Chemical Dep, Arnhem, Neth
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 67-3. 79 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The consumption of coal for electricity generation in the Netherlands is about 4 Mt/yr and the output of fly ash is about 0. 6 Mt/yr, and an increase is envisaged. Various options to use fly ash are being considered, the most promising being: in cement: as a substitute for shale, and as a substitute for clinker; in concrete: as a substitute for cement and sand, and as an aggregate; in road construction: as a filler to bitumen, and as a substitute for sand in the foundation layer. in brick: as a substitute for clay; in sandlime brick: as a substitute for sand; in thermal insulation: as an equivalent of rockwool, as a raw material for production of aluminum and other recoverable metals. Whether these applications can be realized depends on: the cost of fly ash; ecological acceptability of the application; ability to meet relevant specifications; cost of transport; availability of raw materials to be substituted. For at least 10% of fly ash produced the best solution seems to be a land fill scheme in a salt water basin with no direct access to the sea.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Netherlands CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CEMENT--Additives; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS-- Fly Ash; BRICKMAKING--Fly Ash
Ident.: THERMAL INSULATION; ALUMINUM RAW MATERIALS; RECOVERABLE METALS
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 406 (Highway Engineering); 414 (Masonry Materials); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 103
1435431 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401001094 E.I. Yearly No: EI84018678
UTILIZATION OF POWER STATION COMBUSTION RESIDUES IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY, A REVIEW.
Jacobs, J.
VGB-Technical Assoc of Power Plant Operators, West Ger
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 59-3. 66 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
In the year 1980 industrial and utility power stations in the Federal Republic of Germany have consumed some 125. 10**6 tons of lignite and more than 35. 10**6 tons of bituminous coal for steam generation. Ashes from lignite, which is produced in open pits, can be easily returned to the pit for dumping. The 6. 10**6 tons of hard coal ash have to be utilized to a maximum degree due to the fact that dumping sites are ever harder to obtain. The fraction of residues which had to be dealt with in the form of fly ash was a relatively unimportant 15% until some years ago. Since then this fraction is increasing rapidly and has now doubled. Considerable succes was achieved in utilizing 65% of both wet bottom furnace granulate and fly ash. While fly ash of good quality is used mainly in concrete production, granulate serves as a drainage filler in road construction, as sandblasting material, and for brickmaking. Future problems can be expected due to the limited capacity of civil engineering enterprises.
Desc.: *COAL ASH--*Applications; FLY ASH--Applications; CEMENT-- Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 104
1435430 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003197 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050804
USE OF PFA IN CEMENT AND CONCRETE: RESEARCH AND UTILISATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Krueger, J. E.; Rossouw, A. F. G.; van Dijk, J.
CSIR, Natl Building Research Inst, Pretoria, S Afr
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 48-3. 58 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The production of pulverized-fuel ash (PFA) in South Africa is approaching 10 million tons per annum and is expected to double by the end of the century. South African PFA has similar properties to those reported for overseas PFA of similar composition. Its pozzolanic activity index correlates better with the percentage residue on a 45- MU m sieve than with the specific surface. In the presence of lime under moist conditions and at ambient temperatures, it develops strength only very slowly. Cement-PFA blends produced by intergrinding develop better strength than blends produced by mixing. Replacement of a part of the portland cement with fine PFA gives mortars increased resistance to attack by sulfates and by soft water and it affords a significant reduction in the expansion caused by the alkali-aggregate reaction. The use of PFA, especially in lean concrete, can lead to more economical mixes.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--South Africa ; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: MORTARS
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 105
1435429 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003196 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050803
STATUS OF FLY ASH IN UK CEMENT AND CONCRETE.
Owens, Philip L.
Pozzolanic Ltd, Chester, Cheshire, Engl
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 37-3. 47 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
The accumulation of research and experience and the progress of British Standards and Codes of Practice has led to a wider engineering appreciation of the benefits that fly ash of controlled quality can give to structural concrete. British standards on portland pulverized-fuel ash cement and on the use of fly ash in concrete are briefly recalled. Codes of practice are mentioned. Currently all the major civil engineering works involving large quantities of concrete use fly ash. Progress is being made on its use in water retaining structures and in pavement and structural concrete for roads. In equivalent terms, about 7% of all cement used in the UK contains fly ash. The UK research and development effort in this field has concentrated on two areas; how to obtain, manufacture and control the quality of fly ash, and the improvements that fly ash of a regulated quality can give to concrete. The most significant progress has been in the breakthrough of the increased sulfate resistance and reduction of alkali aggregate reactions that fly ash gives concrete.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION-- United Kingdom; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING
Ident.: PULVERIZED-FUEL ASH CEMENT
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 106
1435428 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003195 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050802
FLY ASH USAGE AND RELATED R&D ACTIVITIES IN DENMARK.
Norholm, Axel; Osbaeck, Bjarne
F. L. Schmidt & Co. A/S, Copenhagen, Den
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Div Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 25-3. 36 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
In Denmark fly ash has only been utilized in concrete since 1978. However, its utilization in cement and concrete is increasing rapidly due to some special Danish conditions. A company named 'Danaske' was established in 1978 to market and sell fly ash not only on the Danish market but for export as well. Danish standards for Portland cement have been amended to allow the addition of up to 5% fly ash in all Portland cements. A short survey on the current R&D activities in Denmark is given. This includes: fly ash characterization, health aspects, effects of power-plant related factors, refining of fly ash, proportioning of fly ash-containing concrete, concrete hardening, durability of concrete, fly ash in blended cements, grinding methods, fly ash for synthetic aggregates, machinery.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Denmark; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Denmark; ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING--Denmark; CEMENT--Additives; CIVIL ENGINEERING--Denmark
Ident.: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN DENMARK
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 901 (Engineering Profession); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 107
1435427 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003194 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050801
REVIEW OF THE USE OF ONTARIO HYDRO FLY ASH IN CONCRETE.
Sturrup, V. R.
Ontario Hydro, Civil Research Dep, Toronto, Ont, Can
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 12-3. 24 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Ontario Hydro's experience with fly ash concrete over the past 30 years is summarized. The variable loading of the Lakeview Generating Station, where fly ash is most readily available, has resulted in a product of variable quality which is not recommended for use in air-entrained concrete. However, by selective collection and control testing, a fly ash suitable for use in non-air-entrained concrete can be obtained. With revised procedures for proportioning fly ash concrete and test data on its improved creep properties, greater acceptance of fly ash for use in structural concrete has been achieved. 9 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; DAMS, CONCRETE--Canada; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Canada; CEMENT--Additives; HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Canada
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 441 (Dams & Reservoirs); 611 (Hydro & Tidal Power Plants); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 44 (WATER & WATERWORKS ENGINEERING); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 108
1435426 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003193 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050800
FLY ASH IN CANADA - 1981.
Berry, Edwin E.
E. E. Berry and Associates, Ottawa, Ont, Can
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 3. 1-3. 11 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
In 1981, Canadian utilities operated 21 coal fired thermal generating stations with a total capacity of 16, 610 MW. Thermal power generation in Canada in 1981 consumed about 29. 5 million tons of coal and produced about 3. 5 million tons of ash (1. 2 X 10**6 tons of Fly Ash). Ash use in Canada amounts to a total of 15 percent of production from four of the six provinces where ash is produced. A Canadian standard for the use of supplementary cementing materials added at the concrete mix plant has been developed. Much of the active research on coal ash in Canada is directed to supporting the marketing of ash for purposes other than cement replacement. The principal organizations carrying out research on coal ash in Canada are listed. Some lines of research are briefly described. 17 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--Research; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Canada; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 109
1435425 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003192 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050799
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR THE USE OF FLY ASH IN CEMENT AND CONCRETE.
Idorn, G. M.
G. M. Idorn Consult ApS, Naerum, Den
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 p 2. 1-2. 33 CODEN: EPRCD7
Lang.: Eng.
Research into the uses of fly ash in cement and concrete is discussed. Determining the dependence of fly ash properties on the fly ash origin as mineral phases in coal and on the combustion and collection processes in the power plants requires more information on process characteristics and the feasibility of process modifications. The distinction between high and low calcium fly ash is increasingly being recognized, and recent research suggests that, in addition to lime, alkalis, sulfates, and heat are activators and accelerators of the fly ash reactions in contemporary concrete. The importance of the market oriented research in the US and abroad is stressed, as is support to it from research into the chemistry of fly ash reactivity. To improve the effectiveness of research support to the development of technologies for the use of fly ash in cement and concrete, more communication is recommended between the producers and users of fly ash. 40 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CEMENT--Additives; ENGINEERING RESEARCH; ENERGY CONSERVATION; COAL-- Combustion
Ident.: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 901 (Engineering Profession); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 110
1435424 E.I. Monthly No: EI8401003191 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050798
WORKSHOP PROCEEDINGS: RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS FOR USE OF FLY ASH IN CEMENT AND CONCRETE, 1981.
Bakker, W. T. (Ed. )
EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA
Electr Power Res Inst Coal Combust Syst Div Rep EPRI CS 2616-SR, Workshop Proc Res and Dev Needs for Use of Fly Ash in Cem and Concr, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, Mar 3-5 1981. Publ by EPRI, Palo Alto, Calif, USA, 1982 var pagings CODEN: EPRCD7
For individual papers see E.I. Conference No.: 01983 in file 165
Lang.: Eng.
The Proceedings comprise 25 papers given by representatives of 6 foreign nations and the USA reviewing the status of fly ash utilization in their respective countries. Four panels discussed: the production of fly ash, its utilization, short and long-term R&D needs. Production of fly ash by the electric utilities in the USA now exceeds 50 Mt/yr and may exceed 100 Mt/yr in the 1990s. The panels stressed the need for additional research, both to better characterize and classify fly ashes and to predict their effect on cement and concrete properties. Uncertainty about possible undesirable side effects may be the main technical barrier to increased usage of fly ash in concrete. One paper dealt with the use of fly ash in agriculture. Abstructs of 19 papers are given separately. Technical and professional papers from this conference are indexed with the conference code no. 01983 in the Ei Engineering Meetings (TM) database produced by Engineering Information, Inc. Refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CEMENT--Additives; FOSSIL FUEL POWER PLANTS--Waste Utilization; ENGINEERING RESEARCH; ENERGY CONSERVATION
Ident.: EIREV; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; CLASSIFICATION
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 614 (Steam Power Plants); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 912 (Industrial Engineering & Management); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 61 (PLANT & POWER ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 111
1432712 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129173 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025951
IMPROVEMENT OF THE DURABILITY OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED CEMENT USING BLENDED CEMENT MATRIX.
Leonard, S.; Bentur, A.
Technion-Israel Inst of Technology, Building Research Station, Haifa, Isr
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 5 Sep 1984 p 717-728 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Blended cements prepared with two fly ashes were used as matrices in glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) composites in an attempt to improve their durability. The hydrated matrices from the two blended cements investigated here had similar strength and composition. Both fly ashes reduced the Ca (OH)//2 content to the same extent but in both cases the pH level was only slightly reduced compared to the portland cement matrix. In spite of these similarities, the GRC prepared with one fly ash showed considerable improvement in durability while the other one had only a small positive effect. 17 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE REINFORCEMENTS--*Research; CONCRETE AGGREGATES-- Fly Ash; COMPOSITE MATERIALS--Nonmetallic Matrix Composites
Ident.: FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE; CEMENT-MATRIX; HYDRATION PRODUCTS ; GLASS-FIBER
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 415 (Metals, Wood & Other Structural Materials); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 112
1432710 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412134634 E.I. Yearly No: EI84082056
HIGH STRENGTH MORTARS CONTAINING CONDENSED SILICA FUME.
Buil, M.; Paillere, A. M.; Roussel, B.
Lab Central des Ponts et Chaussees, Paris, Fr
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 5 Sep 1984 p 693-704 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
A silica fume and a superplasticizer have been added to an ordinary easily flowing mortar composition. The optimal amounts of those constituents have been determined in order to obtain the maximum compressive strength for a constant workability. The compressive strengths are approximately twice higher at 2, 7 and 28 days as compared to the reference mortar. The drying shrinkage is slightly increased and the hydration kinetics are highly modified. 14 refs.
Desc.: *MORTAR--*Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: SUPERPLASTICIZERS; WORKABILITY; MORTAR COMPOSITION; SILICA FUME
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 113
1432702 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129103 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025593
FLUIDITY OF FLY ASH-CEMENT PASTE WITH SUPERPLASTICIZER.
Nagataki, S.; Sakai, E.; Takeuchi, T.
Tokyo Inst of Technology, Dep of Civil Engineering, Tokyo, Jpn
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 5 Sep 1984 p 631-638 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
The feasibility of using by-product coal ash from coal-fired power plants is considered. The influence of various fly ashes on the fluidity of fly ash-cement paste with superplasticizer was investigated in connection with the amounts of superplasticizer adsorbed on fly ashes. The fluidity of fly ash-cement paste mixed with superplasticizer is influenced by the kinds of fly ashes. The bulk specific gravity of fly ash may be an index for judging the influence of fly ash on the fluidity of fly ash-cement paste. 2 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash
Ident.: CEMENT PASTE; PLASTICIZER; COAL ASH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 114
1430411 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412127780 E.I. Yearly No: EI84011740
RICE HUSK ASH AS FILLER IN BITUMINOUS MIXES.
Saxena, S. C.; Azmi, M.; Thiam, T. K.
Univ of Malaya, Kuala Lampur, Malays
Highways and Transportation v 31 n 6 Jun 1984 p 16-21 CODEN: HITRED
ISSN: 0265-6868
Lang.: Eng.
This paper is based on research work carried out in the laboratories of the Civil Engineering Department, University of Malaya, to explore the possibility of using rice husk ash - a waste product from rice - as a filler material in bituminous mixes. The Marshall design criteria was used to establish its suitability. In the actual experiments various percentages of rich husk ash as a filler were used with different bitumen contents. The other standard fillers - cement and rock dust - were also used as comparisons in preparing the samples. The optimum filler and bitumen contents satisfying the Marshall design criteria were obtained for all three types of fillers used. 8 refs.
Desc.: *BITUMINOUS MATERIALS--*Mechanical Properties; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Fly Ash; MATERIALS--Mixing
Ident.: BITUMEN-AGGREGATE MIXTURES; FILLER MATERIAL; RICE HUSK ASH
Class. Codes: 411 (Bituminous Materials); 421 (Materials Properties); 406 (Highway Engineering); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 115
1427089 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412137043 E.I. Yearly No: EI84107404
QUICK LIME-GYPSUM INTERACTIONS IN STABILIZED SOIL BASES FOR CONCRETE HIGHWAYS.
Schlorholtz, S.; Demirel, T.
Iowa State Univ, Dep of Civil Engineering, Ames, Iowa, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 529-532 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Lime stabilization of clayey soils is very common throughout many parts of the world. Typically if heaving is observed after quick lime (CaO) stabilization, them one may think that insufficient lime and/or poor slaking and mixing techniques may be the root of the problem. Actually, there are several other reasons for the observed heaving. One explanation is that the lime may have been hard burnt, thus rendering the lime inactive until months later. Another explanation is due to the interaction of the quick lime with gypsum (CaSO//4 X (TIMES) 2 H//2O) in the soil to be stabilized. Lime, Type I portland cement, or Class C fly ash stabilization of high gypsum bearing soils would at best produce poor results because of the possibility of expansion due to the formation of ettringite. 6 refs.
Desc.: *ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--*Lime
Ident.: CONCRETE HIGHWAYS
Class. Codes: 406 (Highway Engineering); 804 (Chemical Products); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 116
1427086 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129102 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025592
HYDRATION OF FLY ASH-PORTLAND CEMENTS.
He, Jun-yuan; Scheetz, Barry E.; Roy, Della M.
Pennsylvania State Univ, Materials Research Lab, University Park, Pa, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 505-512 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
The amount of calcium hydroxide crystals in the cement pastes is diminished due to the addition of fly ash to the cement. Ettringite is produced in the early age, and the consumption of sulfate by the formation of ettringite is accelerated by the addition of fly ash. A partial conversion of ettringite to monosulfate within the first 7 days of hydration is observed in the fly ash-portland cement pastes, but the formation of ettringite continuues to form up to at least 28 days of hydration in the pastes without fly ash. Examination of the fly ash bearing pastes shows varying amounts of calcium hydroxide and unreacted portland cement, with minor quartz and gehlenite hydrate. It appears that hydration reactions actually occur in the fly ash cement pastes more or less on a particle-by-particle basis. 10 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Hydration
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants) ; 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 804 (Chemical Products); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 117
1427085 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129101 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025591
EXAMINATION OF THE ASTM LIME POZZOLANIC ACTIVITY TEST FOR CLASS C FLY ASHES.
Schlorholtz, S.; Demirel, T.; Pitt, J. M.
Iowa State Univ, Dep of Civil Engineering, Ames, Iowa, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 499-504 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Three types of lime (reagent grade Ca (OH)//2, a commerical lime and a mixture of the reagent grade lime and MgO were used with four fly ashes (three Class C and one Class F) in the LPAT. The same four fly ashes were used in the ASTM Cement Pozzolanic Activity Test. The formation of crystalline reaction products in the lime test was monitored by x-ray powder diffraction. All three Class C fly ashes failed to meet the LPAT seven-day 800 psi compressive strength criterion when the reagent grade lime was used but all three passed the test when the other two types of lime were used. X-ray diffractograms of pastes cured for three days at 55 DEGREE C showed different reaction products formed from the pastes containing reagent grade lime compared to the other two lime sources. 4 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Pozzolan
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 118
1427084 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129100 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025590
DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND OTHER PROPERTIES IN FLYASH OPC SYSTEMS.
Halse, Y.; Pratt, P. L.; Dalziel, J. A.; Gutteridge, W. A.
Imperial Coll of Science & Technology, Dep of Metallurgy & Materials Science, London, Engl
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 491-498 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Ordinary Portland cements and fly ash blend cements containing 30% of fly ash were cast at room temperature with a w/s ratio of 0. 45-0. 47. The Ca (OH)//2 content and compressive strength were measured at several ages. In the fly ash-cement systems the Ca (OH)//2 content reached a maximum value after 7-14 days, thereafter decreasing as a result of pozzolanic reaction. This decrease in Ca (OH)//2 content followed dissolution of the fly ash surfaces and the augmentation of strength by the fly ash. 6 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Microstructure
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 119
1427080 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129099 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025589
STATE OF THE ART FOR FLY ASH USES IN CONCRETE.
Idorn, G. M.; Henriksen, K. R.
G. M. Idorn Consult ApS, Naerum, Den
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 463-470 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
Improved workability of fresh concrete, reduction of peak curing temperatures and increase of the denseness of hardened concrete are being recognized as attainable advantages in practice. Also pozzolanic reactivity as protection against reactions with alkali-susceptible aggregates is of increasing interest. There is in research a trend towards more work about the characterisation of fly ashes in relation to chemical composition and minerlogy structure. Also their impact on the rheology of fresh cement paste, on the energetics of the hydrating system and on the microstructure of hardened cement paste is increasingly being studied. The practice-research relations are demonstrated by experience with use of fly ash in the concrete of a major bridge construction in Denmark. 27 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 120
1427079 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412131516 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050797
UTILIZATION OF FLYASH.
Diamond, Sidney
Purdue Univ, Sch of Civil Engineering, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 4 Jul 1984 p 455-462 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
An informal overview is provided of the present status of the utilization of fly ash, with special reference to the situation in the U. S. Approximately 48 million tons per year are produced, of which approximately 8 million tons are utilized, almost half by utilities themselves. Of the 4. 5 million tons sold for external utilization, approximately 60% is used in concrete-related uses, mostly as a mineral admixture. A brief summary of typical properties of low-calcium and high-calcium fly ashes is provided, with special reference to differences in potential utilization. 2 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 521 (Combustion & Fuels) ; 412 (Concrete); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 121
1425093 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129098 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025588
Use of Fly-ash in Making Concrete.
VERWENDUNG VON FLUGASCHE ZUR BETONHERSTELLUNG.
Zimbelmann, R.
Otto-Graf-Inst, Stuttgart, West Ger
Betonwerk und Fertigteil-Technik v 49 n 11 Nov 1983 p 705-709 CODEN: BWFTAB
ISSN: 0373-4331
Language: GERMAN; ENGLISH
There has been considerable revival of interest in the use of fly-ash (pulverized fuel ash) in concrete in recent years. This is due probably to economic as well as to technological factors. The favorable effect that fly-ash, when used as an additive in conformity with DIN 1045, has upon the properties of fresh concrete is well known and is increasingly being utilized in practice. 15 refs. In German and English.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CEMENT--Additives
Ident.: SLAG CEMENT; HYDRATION; POZZOLAN
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 122
1425089 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129147 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025809
Concrete Aggregate Examined in the Light of the Revised DIN 4226.
ZUSCHLAG FUER BETON UNTER BESONDERER BERUECKSICHTIGUNG DER UEBERARBEITETEN DIN 4226.
Dahms, Juergen
Betonwerk und Fertigteil-Technik v 49 n 11 Nov 1983 p 685-690 CODEN: BWFTAB
ISSN: 0373-4331
Language: GERMAN; ENGLISH
Concrete technology nowadays regards concrete as a binary system comprised of the two components aggregate (about 75%) and cement stone (about 25%), whereby the aggregate mixture serves as supporting structure which is bonded togeter by cement paste. The aggregate itself possesses a degree of firmness which by far exceeds the concrete strength. A discussion is made in connection with the revised German code. In German and English.
Desc.: *CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--*Standards; CONCRETE AGGREGATES-- Evaluation
Ident.: LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATES; FLY ASH; SLAG CEMENT
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 902 (Engineering Graphics & Standards); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 123
1422081 E.I. Monthly No: EI8412129089 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025476
ALKALI-AGGREGATE REACTION AND TEXAS FLY ASHES.
Smith, Robert L.
Raba-Kistner Consultants Inc, San Antonio, Tex, USA
Texas Civil Engineer v 54 n 5 May 1984 p 18-21 CODEN: TXCEAK
Lang.: Eng.
The prediction by Mather in 1975 that the alkali content of cements will increase and that low alkali cements will no longer be readily available has come to pass. The traditional use of pozzolans, such as fly ash, to reduce the expansion from the alkali-aggregate reaction may not be effective in all cases because certain fly ashes contain a high level of alkali. Aggregates in concrete are chosen for their physical properties and are assumed to be chemically inert. However, the results of a growing body of evidence indicates that a certain amount of chemical reaction occurs between the aggregate and cement paste. 21 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Expansion; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; ALKALINE EARTH COMPOUNDS--Chemical Reactions
Ident.: ALKALI-SILICA REACTION; ALKALINE PORE SOLUTION; SWELLING PRESSURE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 124
1420892 E.I. Monthly No: EI8411116936 E.I. Yearly No: EI84046981
USES SOUGHT FOR FERTILIZER MANUFACTURING WASTE.
Anon
Chemical & Engineering News v 62 n 38 Sep 17 1984 p 37-38 CODEN: CENEAR
ISSN: 0009-2347
Lang.: Eng.
Disposal of manufacturing wastes is always a matter of concern to the fertilizer industry. Even when these wastes are not hazardous, they can be expensive nuisances - like the slime ponds that inevitably accompany phosphate processing operations. For that reason, the industry continues to look for ways to turn these wastes into useful byproducts. Potential uses include liquid phosphorus wastes in fluid fertilizers, phosphogypsum in highay pavement bases, slime and fly ash in ceramics.
Desc.: *FERTILIZERS--*Waste Utilization; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS-- Aggregates; CERAMIC MATERIALS
Ident.: FLUID FERTILIZERS; PHOSPHOGYPSUM
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 821 (Agricultural Equipment & Methods); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 406 (Highway Engineering); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 82 (AGRICULTURE & FOOD TECHNOLOGY); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES)

Y032008 125
1417076 E.I. Monthly No: EI8411114097 E.I. Yearly No: EI84015454
CHINA CEMENT MOVES HONG KONG MOUNTAIN TO BUILD PLANT.
Anon
Pit & Quarry v 77 n 1 Jul 1984 p 66-70 CODEN: PIQUAN
ISSN: 0032-0293
Lang.: Eng.
Plant construction for China Cement Co. , (Hong Kong) Ltd. involved moving part of a mountain into the sea to create enough land on which to construct it. The article describes plant operations, use of fly ash from a nearby power plant and gives a flowsheet.
Desc.: *CEMENT PLANTS--*Hong Kong; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 402 (Buildings & Towers); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 126
1413152 E.I. Monthly No: EI8411115039 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025648
FORMWORK PRESSURES AND CEMENT REPLACEMENT BY FLY ASH.
Gardner, N. J.
Univ of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont, Can
Concrete International: Design and Construction v 6 n 10 Oct 1984 p 50-55 CODEN: CIDCD2
ISSN: 0162-4075
Lang.: Eng.
A continuing experimental investigation into factors influencing the pressure exerted by fresh concrete on vertical form faces is described. the conclusion is that formwork pressures increase with the rate of placement, vibrator immersion, slump, decrease in temperature, and increasing percentage cement replacement by fly ash. An equation is developed to conservatively calculate lateral pressures for formwork design purposes. 10 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--*Forms; CONCRETE--Pressure Effects; FLY ASH--Applications
Ident.: FORM SURFACES; LATERAL PRESSURE; MIX PROPERTIES
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 127
1410403 E.I. Monthly No: EI8411117272 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050796
Fly Ash Utilization in the Netherlands.
VLIEGASTOEPASSING IN NEDERLAND.
Bolt, N.
N. V. KEMA, Arnhem, Neth
Elektrotechniek v 62 n 5 May 1984 p 453-459 CODEN: LKTRD2
ISSN: 0013-5801
Language: DUTCH
Coal-fired power stations in the Netherlands produced in 1983 450, 000 tons of fly ash and will produce by the year 2000 between 1 and 2 m tons of fly ash annually. Fly ash consists of spherical glassy particles, is largely composed of compounds of silica, alumina, iron and alkaline earth metals and possesses so-called pozzolanic characteristics. Because of all these properties, fly ash is very suitable for application in the building industry: in portland cement and portland fly ash cement production, in the concrete industry as filler material and as light-weight aggregate, in road construction as asphalt filler and as a substitute for sand and cement, and in the building used brick-industry. It is expected that the major part of the fly ash produced will be used in the building industry. Problems, research aspects, quality demands and quality control measurements are discussed. 6 refs. In Dutch.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; ROADBUILDING MATERIALS--Fly Ash; BRICKMAKING--Fly Ash; ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS--Waste Utilization
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products) ; 412 (Concrete); 406 (Highway Engineering); 414 (Masonry Materials); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES)

Y032008 128
1408429 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410110286 E.I. Yearly No: EI84115265
PERFORMANCE OF TWO-STAGE TYPE ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS.
Masuda, Senichi; Hosokawa, Shunsuke
Univ of Tokyo, Dep of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo, Jpn
IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications v IA-20 n 3 May-Jun 1984 p 709-717 CODEN: ITIACR
ISSN: 0093-9994
Lang.: Eng.
A two-stage type electrostatic precipitator composed of prechargers and collection fields has been considered to provide an effective alternative for controlling difficult high-resistivity fly ash. However, there are many varieties in the construction of both prechargers and collection fields, as well as their combination modes. In order to clarify the features specific to this precipitator, tests were made in the laboratory. Boxer chargers, free of discharge, were used as the prechargers, and three different types of collection fields were tested: conventional dc-energized twin-electrode fields, pulsed twin-electrode fields, and dc-energized parallel-plane fields. 20 refs.
Desc.: *SEPARATORS--*Electrostatic; ELECTROSTATIC DEVICES
Ident.: ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS; FLY ASH CONTROL
Class. Codes: 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 701 (Electricity & Magnetism); 704 (Electric Components & Equipment); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 70 (ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 129
1403947 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410100984 E.I. Yearly No: EI84021217
PROPERTIES OF GRC CONTAINING PFA.
Singh, B.; Majumdar, A. J.; Ali, M. A.
Dep of the Environment, Building Research Establishment, Watford, Engl
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 6 n 2 May 1984 p 65-74 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075
Lang.: Eng.
The properties of glass reinforced cement (grc) sheets made by using Cem-FlL alkali-resistant glass fibers and containing large amounts of pulverized fuel ash (pfa) kept in different environments up to 11 years are described. The trends in the changes of the properties of pfa containing grc's with time are similar to those of composites made from neat OPC. In a relatively dry condition, there is very little change with time but in wet conditions and natural weathering various strength properties show reductions from their peak values. Large (1 m X 1 m) vertically held samples have retained higher proportions of their peak strengths than horizontally placed coupons. The proportion of initial strength retained by grc on weathering is increased if styrene butadiene rubber latex is included in the mix formulation. Encouraging results have also been obtained using a commercially blended cement/pfa mixture. 5 refs.
Desc.: *COMPOSITE MATERIALS--*Fiber Reinforced; CONCRETE AGGREGATES --Fly Ash; GLASS FIBER--Mechanical Properties; CONCRETE TESTING--Weathering
Ident.: TENSILE STRENGTH; IMPACT STRENGTH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 812 (Ceramics & Refractories); 421 (Materials Properties); 422 (Materials Testing); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 81 (CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRIES); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 130
1400598 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410103869 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050841
CHARACTERIZATION AND TECHNIQUES FOR RAPID EVALUATION OF IOWA FLY ASHES.
Pitt, J. M.; Mings, M. L.; Schlorholtz, S. M.
Iowa State Univ of Science & Technology, Dep of Civil Engineering, Ames, Iowa, USA
Transp Res Rec 941 1983 p 12-17 CODEN: TRREDM
ISSN: 0361-1981
Lang.: Eng.
An evaluation of seven fly ashes produced from Wyoming coal and available to the construction industry in Iowa is presented. X-ray spectrometry and diffraction were used to determine quantitative elemental and crystalline composition of the seven fly ashes, and long-term, multiple samples were taken at three sources to define variability in elemental composition. It was found that existing ASTM fly ash classification is not necessarily consistent with the coal type, that elemental variability within a single source can be equivalent to that of Type I portland cement, and that quantitative crystalline composition provides information useful for rational categorization. Knowledge of cement led to development of a heat evolution test which may be useful in predicting cement content, and an evaluation of crystalline calcium and magnesium oxides suggests that soundness of fly ash-portland cement mortar is not influenced by magnesium oxide but is influenced by the crystalline calcium oxide present in the fly ashes evaluated. 8 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*X-Ray Analysis; BUILDING MATERIALS--Evaluation; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS--Sampling
Ident.: WESTERN SUBBITUMINOUS COALS; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CRYSTALLINE COMPOSITION
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 412 (Concrete); 801 (Chemical Analysis & Physical Chemistry); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 131
1400597 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410103868 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050840
CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH BY X-RAY ANALYSIS METHODS.
Mings, M. L.; Schlorholtz, S. M.; Pitt, J. M.; Demirel, T.
Walter N. Handy Co, Springfield, Mo, USA
Transp Res Rec 941 1983 p 5-11 CODEN: TRREDM
ISSN: 0361-1981
Lang.: Eng.
Techniques have been developed for quantitative determination of elemental and crystalline composition of fly ash by X-ray fluorescence and diffraction. In addition to being fast, the methods are accurate and the knowledge provided from quantitative crystalline composition explains many of the behavioral characteristics of fly ash. From the study on one Class C, cementitious fly ash it was found that 23 percent of its composition is crystalline and that significant amounts of aluminous cements (tricalcium aluminate and calcium aluminum sulfate) are present. The cements explain this fly ash's capability for high strengths after hydration. A study involving continuous X-ray diffraction monitoring of hydration products showed that both Ettringite and monosulfoaluminate were formed; but when sufficient quantities of gypsum were introduced, Ettringite formation became dominant. Free calcium oxide was also found in this fly ash, and its behavior with water suggests a hard burned form, which is a feature of particular importance to use of fly ash in Portland cement concrete. 17 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*X-Ray Analysis; CHEMICAL REACTIONS--Hydration; CEMENT--Applications
Ident.: CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL; REACTION MECHANISMS
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 412 (Concrete); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 132
1397651 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410107659 E.I. Yearly No: EI84089546
STABILIZATION OF MILL TAILINGS FOR MINING BACKFILL WITH PORTLAND CEMENT AND FLY ASH.
Manca, P. P.; Massacci, G.; Massidda, L.; Rossi, G.
Univ di Cagliari, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Mineraria e Mineralurgica, Cagliari, Italy
Transactions of the Institution of Mining & Metallurgy, Section A v 93 Apr 1984 p 48-54 CODEN: TIMNAQ
ISSN: 0371-7844
Lang.: Eng.
An investigation has been carried out into the possibilities of the partial replacement of Portland cement with less expensive fly ash in cemented backfill that is prepared from mill tailings sands. The variables explored were the type of sand used as aggregate, curing times and the ratios of Portland cement to fly ash and water to binder. A correlation equation for the values of the moduli of elasticity and the corresponding uniaxial compressive strengths, which lends itself to useful predictions on the deformability of the backfill, was also proposed. The conclusions were drawn from the experimental evidence that fly ash appears to be a technically attractive partial substitute for Portland cement and that mill tailings sands are suitable for the production of cemented backfill. 10 refs.
Desc.: *ORE TREATMENT--*Tailings Disposal; MINES AND MINING-- Grouting; CEMENT--Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: CEMENTED BACKFILL; MILL TAILINGS SANDS; PORTLAND CEMENT
Class. Codes: 533 (Ore Treatment & Metal Refining); 452 (Sewage & Industrial Wastes Treatment); 502 (Mine & Quarry Equipment & Operations) ; 412 (Concrete); 53 (METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 50 (MINING ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 133
1397482 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410106339 E.I. Yearly No: EI84074615
LIGHTWEIGHT MASONRY BLOCKS FROM FLY ASH PELLETS.
Roy, D. G.; Mehrotra, S. P.; Kapur, P. C.
Indian Inst of Technology, Dep of Metallurgical Engineering, Kanpur, India
Resources and Conservation v 11 n 1 Jun 1984 p 63-74 CODEN: RCOND9
Lang.: Eng.
A process for making lightweight building/masonry blocks from fly ash is described, essentially consisting of pelletizing a mixture of fly ash with smaller quantities of lime and sand, pouring the clusters of wet pellets into a suitable mold, and steam curing the resultant blocks. Pre-grinding of the fly ash and lime mixture and addition of an accelerator/activator (calcium chloride) lead to significant improvement in the strength. The novel features of the process are: the intrinsic pozzolanic activity of fly ash is exploited to generate strength both within the pellets and in the interpellet neck bonds; no additional binder or cement is required, and the low bulk density of the blocks is derived from large interpellet void volume in the randomly packed bed of porous pellets having relatively narrow size distribution. 34 refs.
Desc.: *MASONRY MATERIALS--*Waste Utilization; FLY ASH
Class. Codes: 414 (Masonry Materials); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 804 (Chemical Products); 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 134
1397374 E.I. Monthly No: EI8410103864 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050790
UTILIZATION OF STEEL PLANT SOLID WASTE - FLYASH.
Sinhamahapatra, P. K.; Ray, P. K.
Steel Authority of India Ltd, Research & Control Lab, Rourkela, India
Chemical Age of India v 34 n 12 Dec 1983 p 741-749 CODEN: CHAIAT
ISSN: 0009-2320
Lang.: Eng.
The flyash can be advantageously utilized as a pozzolana in mortar and concrete as partial replacement for portland cement. Addition of flyash in cement mortar and concrete as a partial replacement of cement helps bring down construction cost, imparts a number of positive features to the mortar and concrete, and provides a profitable means for utilization of this byproduct. However, addition of flyash beyond the stipulated proportion impairs the quality of mortar. Flyash can be successfully utilized for the removal of turbidity, phenolic and ammoniacal load from the coke-oven byproducts effluents. Thus, a significent water pollution load arising out of the integrated steel plant can be reduced by the plant waste, i. e. flyash itself. 27 refs.
Desc.: *FLY ASH; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; WASTE UTILIZATION; IRON AND STEEL PLANTS--Waste Utilization
Class. Codes: 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 412 (Concrete); 913 (Production Planning & Control); 545 (Iron & Steel); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT); 54 (METAL GROUPS)

Y032008 135
1385555 E.I. Monthly No: EI8409088208 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025587
PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF ACTIVE RICE HUSK ASH AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CEMENT.
Yamamoto, Yasuhiko; Lakho, Shafi M.
Univ of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Jpn
Transactions of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers v 14 Mar 1984 p 386-389 CODEN: DGROAY
ISSN: 0385-5406
Lang.: Eng.
Rice husk ash (hereafter referred to as RHA) is known to possess high potential of being utilized as a cementitious material for concrete because as high as 85 to 97% of the ash by weight consist of amorphous silica. The present study aims to seek clear understanding of the factors essential for the production of active RHA. Various ashes were prepared by changing the burning temperature of rice husks, time duration of burning, condition of air supply during burning, cooling rate of resulting hot ash and grinding time. The activity of RHA was evaluated by the degree of contribution of each factor in raising the strength of mortars. 2 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; MORTAR-- Mechanical Properties; ASH HANDLING--Temperature Control
Ident.: DIGEST OF PAPER; RICE HUSK ASH PRODUCTION
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 691 (Bulk Materials Handling); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 69 (MATERIALS HANDLING)

Y032008 136
1385409 E.I. Monthly No: EI8409087315 E.I. Yearly No: EI84015360
FLY-ASH CEMENT - MANUFACTURE, QUALITY AND ECONOMY.
Heufers, H.; Magel, Ph.
Zement-Kalk-Gips, v 37 n 4 Apr 1984 p 62-65 CODEN: ZKGBD9
ISSN: 0722-4400
Lang.: Eng.
Fly-ash cement has been produced in the Federal Republic of Germany for a year now. The methods of manufacture, the quality characteristics and the economic advantages of this cement are described, and comparisons are made with other cements produced at the Neubeckum works of Dyckerhoff Zementwerke AG. A closed-circuit grinding system is preferred at Neubeckum. In this 'gentle' grinding process the fine glass spheres of the fly-ash are preserved substantially intact. Thanks to the greater fineness of the clinker component and the considerable further increase in the fineness of the interground ash in conjunction with optimum adjustment of the amount of gypsum, the properties of the concrete are more favorable than those obtained with a mix containing the same proportions of portland cement and fly-ash added in the mixer. On the basis of a model cost analysis it is shown that, in connection with the construction of a new cement works, fly-ash cement gets a favorable rating but that it is not so favorable in a case where additional facilities for making fly-ash cement have to be provided in an existing cement works. For figures and references see German text.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Raw Materials; FLY ASH--Applications; ENERGY CONSERVATION; INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 521 (Combustion & Fuels); 804 (Chemical Products); 901 (Engineering Profession); 911 (Industrial Economics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 52 (FUEL TECHNOLOGY); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 137
1385167 E.I. Monthly No: EI8409088197 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025514
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF OPC/PULVERIZED FUEL ASH CONCRETE: STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT AND MATURITY.
Dhir, R. K.; Munday, J. G. L.; Ong, L. T.
Univ of Dundee, Dep of Civil Engineering, Dundee, Scotl
Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers (London) v 77 pt 2 Jun 1984 p 239-254 CODEN: PCIEAT
ISSN: 0020-3262
Lang.: Eng.
This paper describes an investigation of the strength development of ordinary Portland cement (OPC)/pulverized fuel ash (pfa) concrete designed for a specified workability and 28-day strength (with standard curing) equivalent to that of the corresponding OPC concrete, covering a very wide range of strength grades, pfa quality, curing temperatures and age at test. It is shown that such a concrete also achieves comparable strength to OPC concrete at earlier ages, with much higher strengths at later ages. Since the mix design method used takes account of ash quality, the strengths of concrete with individual ashes are closely grouped around their mean and the differences in ash quality are reflected in the economics of achieving a given strength in terms of the cement saved and ash used. 18 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Mechanical Properties; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE MIXERS AND MIXING--Design
Ident.: CURING TEMPERATURE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 138
1369375 E.I. Monthly No: EI8407063681 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025586
HIGH FLY ASH CONCRETES.
Haque, M. N.; Langan, B. W.; Ward, M. A.
Univ of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Aust
Journal of The American Concrete Institute v 81 n 1 Jan-Feb 1984 p 54-60 CODEN: JACIAX
ISSN: 0002-8061
Lang.: Eng.
Concretes containing fly ash up to 75 percent by weight of the cementitious material have properties that make them attractive as a subbase or base course component in pavement construction. This paper describes an extensive laboratory study of air-entrained high fly ash concrete mixes (air entrained and non-air entrained) of medium to low workability suitable for placement by slipforming and roller compaction, respectively. The concretes were characterized as to their compressive, indirect tension, and flexural strengths; drying shrinkage; and freeze-thaw durability. It is confirmed that cohesive nonsegregating concretes can be manufactured containing 40 to 75 percent fly ash in the cementitious fraction. 12 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; PAVEMENTS--Concrete
Ident.: SUBBASES
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 406 (Highway Engineering); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 139
1362005 E.I. Monthly No: EI8407066021 E.I. Yearly No: EI84051312
MASS CONCRETE FOUNDATIONS - BENEFITS FROM OPC REPLACEMENT.
Bamforth, P. B.
Taylor Woodrow Construction Ltd, Engl
Concrete (London) v 17 n 10 Oct 1983 p 15-16 CODEN: CCRTAA
ISSN: 0010-5317
Lang.: Eng.
Mass pours are becoming increasingly commonplace in civil engineering construction, particularly for raft foundations. Taylor Woodrow Construction Ltd. had been involved in mass concrete construction, having already carried out extensive instrumentation of large pours primarily for nuclear construction work. This was therefore extended to evaluate concrete containing fly ash and slag. Laboratory testing involved the measurement of a range of properties such as: adiabatic temperature rise due to cement hydration; compressive strength under both standard BS 1881 and temperature-matched curing conditions; drying shrinkage; elastic modulus and creep; thermal expansion coefficient. 3 refs.
Desc.: *FOUNDATIONS--*Concrete Construction; CONCRETE AGGREGATES-- Fly Ash; SLAGS--Applications
Ident.: COST SAVINGS
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 804 (Chemical Products); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 140
1359834 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406051263 E.I. Yearly No: EI84015246
PORE STRUCTURE DAMAGE IN BLENDED CEMENTS CAUSED BY MERCURY INTRUSION.
Feldman, R. F.
Natl Research Co. of Canada, Div of Building Research, Ottawa, Ont, Can
Journal of the American Ceramic Society v 67 n 1 Jan 1984 p 30-33 CODEN: JACTAW
ISSN: 0002-7820
Lang.: Eng.
Blast furnace slag and pozzolan additives improve the performance of concrete exposed to aggressive solutions. Hydrated blast furnace slag and fly-ash cement blends have been shown to be very impermeable. A technique was used in which mercury could be removed by distillation after Hg intrusion, and intrusion was then repeated. This was performed on several cements and cement blends. Pore-size distribution for the hydrated cement changed marginally but both blended materials changed markedly, displaying a coarser pore distribution. 14 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Additives; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING--Porosity
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 141
1359706 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406052172 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025585
MODIFICATION OF THE CEMENTING PROPERTIES OF OIL SHALE ASH.
Bentur, Arnon; Grinberg, Tamara
Israel Ceramic & Silicate Inst, Haifa, Isr
American Ceramic Society Bulletin v 63 n 2 Feb 1984 p 290-294, 300 CODEN: ACSBA7
ISSN: 0002-7812
Lang.: Eng.
The cementing properties of oil shale ash obtained by burning oil shales from Tzefa Efe, Israel in a fluidized bed, were modified by three means: Variation of the burning temperature in the range of 650 DEGREE to 1015 DEGREE C; addition of gypsum and blending with portland cement. Pastes and mortars prepared from these modified systems were studied to characterize rates of hydration, nature of hydration products, and some mechanical properties. Blending with portland cement resulted in pastes of water to cementing material ratios and strength values intermediate to those of pastes of portland cement and ash only. Highest shrinkage was obtained in the blended pastes, reflecting probably the more colloidal nature of their hydration products. 7 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 142
1357534 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406051270 E.I. Yearly No: EI84015300
MECHANISM AND KINETICS OF HYDRATION OF C//3A AND C//4AF, EXTRACTED FROM CEMENT.
Plowman, C.; Cabrera, J. G.
Univ of Leeds, Dep of Civil Engineering, Leeds, Yorks, Engl
Cement and Concrete Research v 14 n 2 Mar 1984 p 238-248 CODEN: CCNRAI
ISSN: 0008-8846
Lang.: Eng.
The object of the present paper is to present information obtained from an experimental study of hydration of C//3A and C//4AF using as retarders gypsum, quartz and PFA. The laboratory data is also used to study the mechanism of hydration and thus to determine quantitatively the rates of hydration. 27 refs.
Desc.: *CEMENT--*Hydration; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)

Y032008 143
1357340 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406052171 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025584
SLUMP LOSS OF FLY ASH CONCRETE.
Ravina, Dan
Technion-Israel Inst of Technology, Civil Engineering Dep, Haifa, Isr
Concrete International: Design and Construction v 6 n 4 Apr 1984 p 35-39 CODEN: CIDCD2
ISSN: 0162-4075
Lang.: Eng.
The time rate of slump loss in ready-mixed concrete may be steep, particularly in hot weather, and result in problems during casting operations. The study reported here is concerned with fly ash from bituminous coal (ASTM Class F) as partial replacement for cement made at 86 F (30 C) and continuously mixed for 60 or 90 minutes. Results show that fly ash reduces slump loss but this is dependent upon loss of ignition of the fly ash used and the replacement percentage. 6 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE MIXERS AND MIXING-- Materials; CONCRETE TESTING--Mechanical Properties
Ident.: BITUMINOUS COAL ASH
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 421 (Materials Properties); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING)

Y032008 144
1357339 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406052170 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025583
FLY ASH FOR STRENGTH AND ECONOMY.
Albinger, John M.
Material Service Corp, Chicago, Ill, USA
Concrete International: Design and Construction v 6 n 4 Apr 1984 p 32-34 CODEN: CIDCD2
ISSN: 0162-4075
Lang.: Eng.
Pozzolans, fly ash in particular, have been around for a long time. But not until the late 1930s was fly ash technically discussed as a viable ingredient in concrete. Since then its use has been sporadic and selective. Dams have been built with concrete containing fly ash and test strips of pavement have been placed, but the concrete industry at large has been slow in accepting it. In the authors' opinion, the reasons for this were the lack of availability of a high-quality, consistent material, lack of adequate technology, and sales programs based on 'cutting' cement.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE TESTING-- Compression Tests; COST ACCOUNTING--Analysis
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 421 (Materials Properties); 911 (Industrial Economics); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 42 (MATERIALS PROPERTIES & TESTING); 91 (ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT)

Y032008 145
1357337 E.I. Monthly No: EI8406052139 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025374
USE OF MINERAL ADMIXTURES FOR SPECIALIZED CONCRETES.
Malhotra, V. Mohan
CANMET, Construction Materials Section, Ottawa, Ont, Can
Concrete International: Design and Construction v 6 n 4 Apr 1984 p 19-24 CODEN: CIDCD2
ISSN: 0162-4075
Lang.: Eng.
The use of mineral admixtures in the manufacture of specialized concretes is discussed in this article. These mineral admixtures or supplementary cementing materials include condensed silica fume, granulated or pelletized blast furnace slags, and low and high calcium fly ashes. While these materials have an important role in the manufacture of concrete for specialized applications, there are some problems and due allowance should be made for these during manufacture and quality control procedures. 32 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Admixtures; SLAGS--Applications; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash
Ident.: MINERAL ADMIXTURES; CONCRETE QUALITY
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 482 (Mineralogy & Petrology); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 146
1348451 E.I. Monthly No: EI8405042834 E.I. Yearly No: EI84050794
FLOWABLE FLY ASH: A NEW CEMENT STABILIZED BACKFILL.
Funston, Joseph J.; Krell, William C.; Zimmer, Franklin V.
Detroit Edison, Detroit, Mich, USA
Civil Engineering (New York) v 54 n 3 Mar 1984 p 48-51 CODEN: CIEGAG
ISSN: 0009-7853
Lang.: Eng.
Cement stabilized fly ash placed at a plastic to fluid consistency is a new structural backfill material. It flows into place, either above or below water, without the use of sophisticated construction methods and procedures. This cuts cost and time. It is composed principally of fly ash, a byproduct readily available in quantity from coal burning power plants. Typically, 4 to 5% of cement is added along with the appropriate amount of water for the particular application.
Desc.: *FLY ASH--*Applications; CEMENT--Mixing; SOILS-- Stabilization
Ident.: IN-PLACE COSTS
Class. Codes: 804 (Chemical Products); 412 (Concrete); 483 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Y032008 147
1345985 E.I. Monthly No: EI8405040931 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025582
MIX DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE MADE FROM PFA COARSE AGGREGATES AND SAND.
Swamy, R. N.; Lambert, G. H.
Univ of Sheffield, Dep of Civil & Structural Engineering, Sheffield, South Yorks, Engl
International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete v 5 n 4 Nov 1983 p 263-275 CODEN: ICCCDL
ISSN: 0262-5075
Lang.: Eng.
The paper shows that one effective method of utilizing the large volumes of waste PFA currently in stockpile and likely to occur in the future is to manufacture aggregates from them. In the tests reported here, coarse aggregates manufactured by sintering pulverized fuel ash (trade name Lytag) are used with natural fines. The mix design of such concrete is discussed and a mix design chart is presented for strengths of 20 to 60 N/mm**2 at 28 days. The paper reports extensive test data on compressive strength, tensile strength, elasticity and stress strain behavior. Equations are presented where appropriate relating strength and elasticity. 29 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE AGGREGATES--*Fly Ash; CONCRETE--Mixing; STRUCTURAL DESIGN--Light Weight
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 408 (Structural Design); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 148
1343047 E.I. Monthly No: EI8405040924 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025472
VERSATILITY AND HIGH STRENGTH IN CONCRETE MATERIALS.
Philleo, Robert E.
Concrete International: Design and Construction v 6 n 2 Feb 1984 p 41-47 CODEN: CIDCD2
ISSN: 0162-4075
Lang.: Eng.
Future developments in concrete and concrete materials will be determined by energy considerations and new requirements such as those surfacing in Arctic offshore construction. In the concrete industry, the waste materials - fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume, and organic binders - will play a significant role in future development as will such factors as recycled concrete, synthetic aggregates, lightweight concrete, high-range water reducers, fiber reinforcement, tunnel shotcreting robots, and roller compaction.
Desc.: *CONCRETE--*Energy Conservation; CEMENT--Manufacture; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Efficiency
Ident.: LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE
Class. Codes: 412 (Concrete); 901 (Engineering Profession); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 90 (GENERAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 149
1339237 E.I. Monthly No: EI8404033919 E.I. Yearly No: EI84074369
STUDY OF MARBLE DETERIORATION AT CITY HALL, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK.
Cheng, Roger J.; Castillo, Raymond
State Univ of New York at Albany, Atmospheric Sciences Research Cent, Albany, NY, USA
Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association v 34 n 1 Jan 1984 p 15-19 CODEN: JPCAAC
ISSN: 0002-2470
Lang.: Eng.
Constructed in 1930 at a cost of one million dollars, the City Hall in Schenectady, New York, is listed in the U. S. Register of Historical Buildings. The masonry materials were the finest available at the time of construction: granite base, fire hardened exterior brick and Vermont marble - Imperial Danby, an equivalent to Carrara marble from Italy. The research indicated that the marble grains are being structurally weakened by a chemical conversion process of marble to gypsum crystals. The surface zone of chemical activity (2-5 mm) shows the presence of fly ash and iron particles, and points to the possibility of a catalytic mechanism for the conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate. This research has established symptoms which are consistent with prior reported research into building material deterioration. 5 refs.
Desc.: *MARBLE--*Degradation; AIR POLLUTION--Chemical Reactions; AEROSOLS--Research
Ident.: MARBLE DETERIORATION ANALYSIS
Class. Codes: 414 (Masonry Materials); 482 (Mineralogy & Petrology); 451 (Air Pollution); 802 (Chemical Apparatus & Plants); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS); 48 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY); 45 (POLLUTION & SANITARY ENGINEERING); 80 (CHEMICAL ENGINEERING)

Y032008 150
1337999 E.I. Monthly No: EI8404030362 E.I. Yearly No: EI84025821
IN-SERVICE PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES CONTAINING PULVERISED FUEL ASH.
Newman, J. B.; Sullivan, P. J. E.; Bell, A. M.
Probe Technical Services, Engl
Concrete (London) v 17 n 12 Dec 1983 p 9, 11-12 CODEN: CCRTAA
ISSN: 0010-5317
Lang.: Eng.
Surveys have been undertaken of parts of four power stations known to have been constructed using both ordinary portland cement (OPC) concrete and concrete containing pulverized fuel ash (PFA) as a partial cement replacement. The principal objective of the surveys was to compare the condition of reinforcing steel in the two types of concrete. There was no corrosion of reinforcement in concrete containing PFA. The only corrosion observed was in OPC concrete which had shallow depth of cover and may have been inadequately compacted when placed. 3 refs.
Desc.: *CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION--*Testing; CONCRETE AGGREGATES--Fly Ash; CONCRETE REINFORCEMENTS--Corrosion
Ident.: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TESTS
Class. Codes: 405 (Construction Equipment & Methods); 412 (Concrete); 40 (CIVIL ENGINEERING); 41 (CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS)