Y026038 1 
751004 22C-06613
"Erosion of the Workers' Compensation Exclusivity Rule: A Consideration of Employers' Dual Capacity as Product Manufacturers."
Schmit, Joan Therese
DAI 1985 45 (9): 2940-A. DA8426679
Source: Indiana U. 1984. 228 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: 1963-1983; Workers' Compensation
Historical Period: 1960D 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 2 
750337 22C-02424
"Docked for the Time You Was Up in the Sky': Some American Legal and Social Responses to Workplace Injury and Death."
Tulin, Roger
DAI 1984 45 (6): 1877-A. DA8420796
Source: Brandeis U. 1984. 392 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Accidents; Workers' compensation; Occupational Safety and Health Act - (US, 1970); Lawsuits; Social control; 19c-20c
Historical Period: 1800H 1900H

Y026038 3 
697892 22A-06744
TARGETING THE POLITICAL IMAGE: THE CASE OF AMENDMENT 4.
Brown, Edwin L; Catlett, Judi L
Labor Studies J. 1983 8 (1): 34-47.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Local labor interests successfully challenged the political advertising of major business and industrial interests in Alabama to defeat a state ballot proposition that would have severely curtailed a worker's right to sue for compensation for work-related injuries.
Desc.: Elections; Workers' compensation; 1982; Amendment 4; Constitutions, state; Alabama
Historical Period: 1980D 1900H

Y026038 4 
697401 22A-06268
WORKERS' COMPENSATION: 1984 STATE ENACTMENTS.
Tinsley, LaVerne C
Monthly Labor Rev. 1985 108 (1): 49-53.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
A summary of workers' compensation legislation for 34 states shows that although few increased benefits or coverage, many raised the percentage of the average weekly wage used to compute compensation for disability or death.
Desc.: Law; 1984; Workers' compensation; States
Historical Period: 1980D 1900H

Y026038 5 
697399 22A-06266
TOO SICK TO WORK, TOO YOUNG TO DIE.
Smith, Barbara Ellen
Southern Exposure 1984 12 (3): 19-29.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Presents portions of personal narratives by coal miners and their supporters to trace the progress of the movement to win compensation for sufferers of black lung disease.
Desc.: Coal Mines and Mining; Pressure Groups; Workers' Compensation; 1968-1984; Personal narratives; Miners; Black lung disease
Historical Period: 1960D 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 6 
696815 22A-05698
THE SURVIVAL OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION.
Berkowitz, Edward; Berkowitz, Monroe
Social Service Rev. 1984 58 (2): 259-280.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
After workers' compensation began in the Progressive era as a compromise between management and labor, during the New Deal and World War II the program met with challenges severe enough to bring its very existence into question, but despite these difficulties, workers' compensation has survived to the point where it now flourishes.
Desc.: 1911-1980; Workers' compensation
Historical Period: 1900H

Y026038 7
695720 22A-04622
REFORM AND REPRESSION IN THE FAR WEST: THE WASHINGTON LEGISLATIVE RESPONSE TO LABOR RADICALISM IN 1919.
Tripp, Joseph F
Rendezvous 1983 19 (1): 43-54.
Note: Based on the Washington State Federation of Labor Manuscripts, University of Washington Library, Seattle, Washington, and other primary sources; table, 31 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
In 1919, following a general strike in Seattle, the Washington state legislature reacted with a double-edged strategy of repression and reform. In an attempt to rid the state of the Wobblies, the legislators enacted antisabotage and criminal syndicalism laws aimed at the radical Industrial Workers of the World. Hoping to diminish labor grievances and social turmoil, the legislators also passed workers' compensation, anti-injunction, industrial code commission, and accident prevention bills to enact a strong package of progressive labor laws. (P. L. McLaughlin )
Desc.: State Government; Labor Reform; Political repression; 1919; Washington; Industrial Workers of the World
Historical Period: 1910D 1900H

Y026038 8
694653 22A-03600
COMPENSATION FOR DEATH FROM ASBESTOS.
Johnson, William G; Heler, Edward
Industrial and Labor Relations Rev. 1984 37 (4): 529-540.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Analyzes the adequacy and equity of compensation to the survivors of 560 men who died from workplace exposure to asbestos; compensation was neither adequate in amount, when compared to income losses, nor equitably distributed among survivors. (J )
Desc.: Death and Dying; Insurance; Workers' compensation; 1967-1979; Asbestos
Historical Period: 1960D 1970D 1900H

Y026038 9
694468 22A-03430
ADDING INSULT TO INJURY.
Riordan, Teresa
Washington Monthly 1984 16 (2): 12-22.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The workers' compensation insurance system does not work as intended and unfairly rewards lawyers and insurance companies over injured workers.
Desc.: 1978-1983; Workers' compensation
Historical Period: 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 10
693898 22A-02872
MYTH AND REALITY: THE SUPREME COURT AND PROTECTIVE LEGISLATION IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA.
Urofsky, Melvin I
Supreme Court Hist. Soc. Y. 1983: 53-72.
Note: 98 notes, 11 illus.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The Supreme Court has been regarded as providing opposition to social reform during the Progressive Era. In decisions on issues of protective legislation, however, the court was as progressive as reformers could want.
In the cases of Holder v. Hardy (1898), Atkin v. Kansas (1903), Lochner v. <2New York (1905), and Muller v. Oregon (1908), the Supreme Court sided with reformers. In the areas of maximum hours and minimum wages, employer liability and workmen's compensation, and child labor regulation, the court always supported reform. (G. B. Childress )
Desc.: 1898-1916; Supreme Court; Social reform; Progressive Era
Historical Period: 1890D 1900D 1910D 1800H 1900H

Y026038 11
690359 22A-01278
THE ROLE OF UNIONS IN HOSPITAL COST INFLATION.
Sloan, Frank A; Adamache, Killard W
Industrial and Labor Relations Rev. 1984 37 (2): 252-262.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Examines the impact of unions on workers' compensation and total costs in hospitals, both in specific departments and in the hospital as a whole. An analysis of data for 367 hospitals shows that unions raised the mean compensation of hospital workers by 8.8% without producing offsetting increases in worker productivity. Thus, unions do increase hospital costs, although far less than health insurance and other factors do. (J )
Desc.: Labor Unions and Organizations; Medical Care - (costs); 1974-1977; Hospitals
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 12
690324 22A-01246
WORKERS' COMPENSATION: SIGNIFICANT ENACTMENTS IN 1983.
Tinsley, LaVerne C
Monthly Labor Rev. 1984 107 (2): 55-61.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Summarizes major changes in state laws pertaining to workers' compensation.
Desc.: Legislation; States; 1983; Workers' compensation
Historical Period: 1980D 1900H

Y026038 13
689851 22A-00785
FIT FOR WORK: THE INTRODUCTION OF PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS IN INDUSTRY.
Nugent, Angela
Bull. of the Hist. of Medicine 1983 57 (4): 578-595.
Note: Primary sources; 90 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
After 1910, industrial medicine became a major medical specialty. Originally, physicians were contracted by companies, but gradually full-time physicians were hired to provide medical care. With the advent of workers' compensation laws, businessmen recognized the importance of screening potential employees for health problems, and of providing preventive medical care. Some objections to company physicians were raised by private physicians, and labor considered industrial medicine a potential threat. Industrial physicians had to compromise between ideals of medicine and business necessity. (M. Kaufman )
Desc.: 1910-1930; Physical examinations; Industry; Physicians; Medical care; Business; Labor
Historical Period: 1910D 1920D 1930D 1900H

Y026038 14
688030 21C-06685
"Regulation versus Mandatory Insurance: The Interface between Workers' Compensation and OSHA."
Leeth, John Daryl
DAI 1984 44 (7): 2211-A. DA8322631
Source: U. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1983. 211 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Occupational Safety and Health Administration; Health insurance; 1970-1983; Workers' Compensation
Historical Period: 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 15
683145 21A-05962
The shipyard workers' strike in Quebec, 1840
LA GREVE DES OUVRIERS DE LA CONSTRUCTION NAVALE A QUEBEC (1840)
Tremblay, Robert
Rev. d'Hist. de l'Amerique Francaise (Canada) 1983 37 (2): 227-239.
Note: 55 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Lang.: French.
Workers in Montreal shipyards were paid low salaries, lived in insalubrious conditions, and were often victims of work-related accidents. An 18-day strike of 1, 200 workers in 1840 led to the raising of their salaries and the establishment of a shipworkers' union. (R. Aldrich )
Desc.: Strikes; Labor; Quebec - (Montreal); Shipbuilding; 1840
Historical Period: 1840D 1800H

Y026038 16
682037 21A-04890
FAILURE AND FULFILLMENT: AGITATION FOR EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY LEGISLATION AND THE ORIGINS OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN NEW YORK STATE, 1876-1910.
Asher, Robert
Labor Hist. 1983 24 (2): 198-222.
Note: Based on Workingmen's Federation of the State of New York Proceedings, New York State Assembly and Senate Journals, and other primary sources; 73 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Traces the long struggle of organized labor in New York State to obtain state laws making employers liable for accidents in the work place. Only when organized labor gained enough political power to influence state legislators was any meaningful employers' liability legislation enacted. The increased amounts of money won by injured workers and the threat of even tougher employers' liability legislation then made employers receptive to workmen's compensation legislation, under which injured workers were automatically compensated without resorting to the courts. (L. F. Velicer )
Desc.: Labor Unions and Organizations; Lobbying; 1876-1910; Workers' compensation; New York
Historical Period: 1870D 1880D 1890D 1900D 1910D 1800H 1900H

Y026038 17 
678293 21B-00084
Workers' Compensation and Work-Related Illnesses and Diseases.
Barth, Peter S; Hunt, H Allen; Sharwell, George R
Source: Cambridge: M.I.T. Pr., 1980. 391 pp.
Doc. Type: BOOK
Citation: Ann. of the Am. Acad. of Pol. and Social Sci. 460 (Mar 82) 186-187.
Sharwell, George R
Desc.: Workers' Compensation; Diseases; 1974
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 18 
677163 21A-02040
WORKERS' COMPENSATION IN 1982: SIGNIFICANT LEGISLATION ENACTED.
Tinsley, LaVerne C
Monthly Labor Rev. 1983 106 (1): 57-63.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Benefits and services for work-related injuries were improved, and 18 states modified their coverage to extend to previously uncovered occupations or to volunteer workers; rehabilitation services also were expanded.
Desc.: 1982; Workers' compensation; Legislation
Historical Period: 1980D 1900H

Y026038 19 
673392 20C-01832
"Shapes of Power: The Ontario Labour Relations Board, 1944 to 1950."
Millar, Frederick David
DAI 1982 42 (10): 4545-A.
Source: York U. (Canada) 1981.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Labor Law; 1944-1950; Ontario Labour Relations Board
Historical Period: 1940D 1950D 1900H

Y026038 20 
579915 20A-05738
THE IDEOLOGY OF SOCIAL HARMONY AND EFFICIENCY: WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN OHIO, 1904-1919.
Reagan, Patrick D
Ohio Hist. 1981 90 (4): 317-331.
Note: Based on the records of the Ohio Employers' Liability Commission, the Ohio State Federation of Labor, the Ohio General Assembly, the Ohio State Liability Board of Awards, the Ohio Industrial Commission, and other primary sources; 2 photos, 27 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
From 1912 through the early 1920's, Progressive reformers tried to enact social insurance legislation through a state-by-state and step-by-step strategy to ameliorate the industrial conditions of work accidents, sickness, unemployment, and premature old age. Discusses the six general stages of this process of reform as manifested in the 1910 Metzger Act, the creation of the Employers' Liability Commission in 1910, the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1911, the creation of the State Liability Board of Awards in 1911, the Green Compulsory Workmen's Compensation Act of 1913, and the 1913 creation of the Industrial Commission. The success of reform efforts in Ohio stemmed from the growth and implementation of a conservation ideology of mutual accommodation between the Ohio State Federation of Labor (OSFL) and the Ohio Manufacturer's Association (OMA), which encompassed an interlocking set of concepts to create a new "organizational society." In the main, the Ohio developments followed the pattern set by earlier compensation laws and set the precedent for later systems. (L. A. Russell )
Desc.: 1904-1919; Workmen's compensation; Ohio
Historical Period: 1900D 1910D 1900H

Y026038 21 
579903 20A-05726
MARKET INTEGRATION, URBAN GROWTH AND ECONOMIC CHANGE IN AN OHIO COUNTY, 1850-1880.
Blocker, Jack S, Jr
Ohio Hist. 1981 90 (4): 298-316.
Note: Based on US census records, Ohio newspapers, and other primary sources; illus., 5 tables, fig., 40 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Seeks to employ both external and internal perspectives to understand economic change within a small urban community during the process of integration, using Washington Court House (Ohio) and its hinterland (Fayette County) as a laboratory. The railroad linking of Washington Court House with Cincinnati in the early 1850's set the stage for the town's integration into regional and national markets. Although the railroad connection brought 20 years of prosperity to Fayette County farmers, and stimulated rural population growth during the first decade, Washington Court House absorbed most of the population increase taking place in the county. For Fayette County, then, urbanization and industrialization did not proceed together. Urban growth in Washington Court House was accompanied by deindustrialization, marking a relative decline in the manufacturing sector of its local economy. (L. A. Russell )
Desc.: Railroads; Ohio - (Fayette County; Washington Court House) 1850-1880; Economic Conditions; Urbanization
Historical Period: 1850D 1860D 1870D 1880D 1800H

Y026038 22 
579160 20A-05011
WORKERS' COMPENSATION AND THE SCHOLARSHIP ATHLETE.
Carpenter, Linda J
J. of Higher Educ. 1982 53 (4): 448-459.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
According to Supreme Court decisions, scholarship athletes may be eligible for workmen's compensation benefits for injuries and disabilities incurred as a result of sports participation. The potential for workers' compensation eligibility exists regardless of the athletes' purportedly amateur, nonemployee status. This could have massive financial impact on both intercollegiate athletic programs and their sponsoring universities. (J/S )
Desc.: Scholarships, Fellowships, etc; Colleges and Universities 1953-1977; Workmen's compensation; Sports
Historical Period: 1950D 1960D 1970D 1900H

Y026038 23 
578875 20A-04749
IMPLEMENTING WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION PROGRAMS IN THE STATES.
Thompson, Joel A
Administration & Soc. 1982 14 (2): 237-260.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Organizational characteristics are important in determining performance, but performance is not significant "in explaining policy impact."
Desc.: State Government; 1970's; Workmen's compensation
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 24 
574929 20A-02907
WHAT HAPPENED IN YOUNGSTOWN: AN OUTLINE.
Lynd, Staughton
Radical Am. 1981 15 (4): 37-48.
Note: Based on interviews; 13 notes, 5 illus.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Examines the experience of steelworkers at US Steel's Youngstown Works when the plant closed. Sit-ins and court cases proved insufficient means of getting the company to negotiate helpfully on selling to the workers. The ultimate reopening of part of the plant after purchase by local businessmen was not nearly what workers sought. Worker involvement in investment decisions prior to potential closings is vital to prevent closures. (C. M. Hough )
Desc.: Labor; Steel Industry - (closures); Ohio - (Youngstown); US Steel Corporation; Ownership; 1977-1980
Historical Period: 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 25 
574067 20A-02070
OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES OF STATE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS.
Thompson, Joel A
J. of Pol. 1981 43 (4): 1129-1132.
Note: 3 illus., table, 56 notes.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Between 1910 and 1921, 42 states adopted various workmen's compensation laws. In the 1970's, increased interest paralleled the increased production and utilization of hazardous chemicals, toxins, and nuclear materials as well as the increased awareness of their long-term effects. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 established a National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws, which made 84 specific recommendations. Compliance with these recommendations in 1976 was primarily determined by the wealth of the individual states and the involvement of concerned interest groups. Labor organizations were positively and business and insurance groups were negatively related to comprehensive legislation. Partisanship was not significantly related. (A. W. Novitsky )
Desc.: 1970's; Workmen's compensation; Law; State Government
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 26 
572428 20A-00487
A TALE OF TWO STRIKES: ONLY IN POLAND YOU SAY.
Can. Dimension (Canada) 1981 15 (6): 21, 24-25.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The strike by hospital workers, members of the Canadian Union of Public Employees, in Ontario during 1981, was quashed; it was illegal, support from the leadership of the Canadian Labor Congress was absent, and its failure resulted in firings, contempt of court charges, and a deepening polarization between the left and right within the union.
Desc.: Hospitals; 1981; Strikes; Canadian Union of Public Employees; Ontario
Historical Period: 1980D 1900H

Y026038 27 
570183 19C-04588
"Business and Health Reform: Worker's Compensation and Health Insurance in the Progressive Era."
Abramovitz, Miriam G
DAI 1981 42 (6): 2860-A. 8125232
Source: Columbia U. 1981. 663 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Organizations; Class conflict; 1900-1920; Business; Reform; Workmen's Compensation; Health Insurance
Historical Period: 1900D 1910D 1920D 1900H

Y026038 28 
567093 19A-07217
THE FUTURE OF LEGAL FORMALISM.
Goetsch, Charles C
Am. J. of Legal Hist. 1980 24 (3): 221-256.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
An exploration into the validity and usefulness of the concept of "legal formalism" as a conceptualization of the dominant jurisprudential mode of American law from 1865 to 1940. After a brief historiographical introduction, the author focuses on the life and thought of Simeon E. Baldwin (1840-1927), who has been regarded as the archetypical legal formalist. This formalism was a direct outgrowth of conservative and individualistic values based on the facade of a scientific system of abstract principles, as is evident in three major cases that Baldwin commented on: State v. Main (1897), Norwalk Street Railway Company's Appeal (1897), and Hoxie v. N.Y., N.H. & H. Railroad Company (1909); and his controversy with Theodore Roosevelt over the Federal Employers' Liability Act in 1910. Baldwin's legal formalism was not a neutral system but was based from the start on the core of his conservative values. 100 notes. (L. A. Knafla )
Desc.: Conservatism; Judges; 1865-1940; Baldwin, Simeon E
Historical Period: 1860D 1870D 1880D 1890D 1800H 1900D 1910D 1920D 1930D 1940D 1900H

Y026038 29 
566950 19A-07077
CLASS CONFLICT ON THE CANALS OF UPPER CANADA IN THE 1840S.
Bleasdale, Ruth
Labour (Canada) 1981 7 (Spr): 9-39.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Irish workers on the St. Lawrence canal system in the 1840's had brought to the new world a culture shaped by class relations in the old world. Class tensions, inseparably interwoven with racial hatred and discrimination, had created in the southern Irish suspicion and hatred of employers, distrust of the laws and the authorities, and a willingness to violate the law to achieve their ends. This bitter cultural legacy shaped the Irish workers' resistance to conditions in Canada and gave a distinctive form to class conflict on the canals. With special laws, special police forces, and a military willing to help, the government of Canada marshalled the coercive power of the state against the workers. Yet the government failed to suppress labor unrest and to prevent successful strike action. Many officials and contractors accepted this failure as proof of the Celt's ungovernable disposition. Invoking the Irish stereotype to explain the disorder, they ignored the class dimension of the workers' behavior. Primary sources; 159 notes. (J. Powell )
Desc.: Class Struggle; Labor Disputes; Government, Resistance to; Stereotypes; Ontario - (Upper Canada); St Lawrence Seaway; Irish Canadians; 1840-1849; Canals
Historical Period: 1840D 1800H

Y026038 30 
563853 19A-05954
A. O. STANLEY AND PROGRESSIVE REFORM, 1902-1919.
Burckel, Nicholas C
Register of the Kentucky Hist. Soc. 1981 79 (2): 136-161.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
A. O. Stanley (1867-1958) served as a US Senator from Kentucky in the post-World War I years, but made his mark as a progressive reformer earlier as a congressman and as governor of Kentucky. As a congressman during 1903-15, Stanley fought against monopolies and consolidation, and gained repute as an articulate spokesman for antitrust reform. As governor, he continued his efforts against trusts, corrupt practices, and unlimited lobbying. Other areas of concern included public service regulation, workmen's compensation, and Sunday closing of saloons. Based on primary sources including the Congressional Record and other records of the House and Senate. (J. F. Paul )
Desc.: Progressivism; Political Reform; State Politics; 1902-1919; Kentucky; Stanley, A O
Historical Period: 1900D 1910D 1900H

Y026038 31 
562633 19A-04770
CHRONIC PAIN CENTER: A STUDY OF VOLUNTARY CLIENT COMPLIANCE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
Kotarba, Joseph A
Am. Behavioral Scientist 1981 24 (6): 786-800.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Describes causes for the growth of the chronic pain center movement, which include changes in medical attitudes toward pain care, and especially the support of workers' compensation officials seeking solutions for their fiscal problems and the burden of occupational safety laws; traces the history of the workmen's compensation system from 1908 to 1981.
Desc.: Medical Reform; Chronic pain centers; 1908-1981; Workmen's compensation
Historical Period: 1900H

Y026038 32 
562448 19A-04585
TEACHING CONGRESS HOW TO DO ITS WORK: MR. JUSTICE MCREYNOLDS AND MARITIME TORTS.
Birkby, Robert H
Congressional Studies 1981 8 (1): 11-20.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Traces the 10-year-long effort beginning in 1917 by Supreme Court Justice James Clark McReynolds to convince Congress through legal decisions that a more comprehensive maritime benefits law was necessary to provide for compensation to seamen and their heirs for accidental injury or death, which resulted in the Longshoremen's and Harbor Worker's Compensation Act (US, 1927).
Desc.: Workmen's Compensation; 1917-1927; Congress; Supreme Court; McReynolds, James Clark; Longshoremen's and Harbor Worker's Compensation Act - (US, 1927)
Historical Period: 1910D 1920D 1900H

Y026038 33 
556533 19A-02060
WORKERS' COMPENSATION: ARE THE STATES MEETING THE CHALLENGE?
Thompson, Joel A
State Government 1980 53 (2): 94-98.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Compares state workers' compensation laws during 1972-80, and examines the degree of compliance each state has reached on 19 essential recommendations produced by the National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws.
Desc.: Workmen's Compensation; Legislation; 1972-1980; State Government; National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws
Historical Period: 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 34 
556506 19A-02033
WORKER'S COMPENSATION INSURANCE: RECENT TRENDS IN COSTS.
Elson, Martin W; Burton, John F, Jr
Monthly Labor Rev. 1981 104 (3): 45-50.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Presents estimates of employers' costs of workmen's compensation insurance purchased from private carriers or state funds in 47 jurisdictions as of 1 July 1978 as a first step in determining whether the variations in premiums are great enough to influence where businesses locate and whether recent trends in premium levels indicate any reluctance by states to boost program benefits and costs, for fear of losing employers to lower cost jurisdictions.
Desc.: Business; State Government; 1978-1981; Costs; Workmen's compensation
Historical Period: 1970D 1980D 1900H

Y026038 35 
553218 18A-08082
ARE WOMEN SAFER WORKERS? A NEW LOOK AT THE DATA.
Root, Norman; Daley, Judy R
Monthly Labor Rev. 1980 103 (9): 3-10.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Investigates women's work-related injuries and illnesses by occupation, type of industry, injury, and accident, using data compiled from reports made to state workers' compensation agencies in 1977.
Desc.: Labor; Industrial safety; 1977; Women
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 36 
552327 18A-07216
RAILROAD MANAGEMENT'S RESPONSE TO OPERATING EMPLOYEES ACCIDENTS, 1890-1913.
Wetzel, Kurt
Labor Hist. 1980 21 (3): 351-368.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
American railroads consistently opposed attempts to legislate and administer stricter safety standards in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The industry delayed installation of safety equipment mandated by the Safety Appliances Act (US, 1893) until the courts found the companies liable for accidents caused by inoperative or missing safety equipment. Only after the Federal Employers' Liability Act (US, 1908) increased the railroads' liability for accidents did management develop a constructive program to make the operating employees' work safer. Based on articles in contemporary railroad management and union publications, and other primary sources; 41 notes. (L. F. Velicer )
Desc.: Working Conditions; 1890-1913; Management; Accidents; Railroads; Safety Appliances Act - (US, 1893); Courts; Federal Employers' Liability Act - (US, 1908)
Historical Period: 1890D 1900D 1910D 1800H 1900H

Y026038 37 
551003 18C-08638
"Workmen's Compensation and Public Policy in the American States."
Thompson, Joel Allan
DAI 1980 41 (2): 792-A. 8018267
Source: U. of Kentucky 1979. 223 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Economic Structure; Political Factions; Law; State Legislatures; 1970-1979; Workmen's Compensation; Public Policy
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 38 
542287 18A-05447
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH.
Berkowitz, Monroe Berkowitz, Monroe.
Ann. of the Am. Acad. of Pol. and Social Sci. 1979 (443): 41-53.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Work accidents became a matter of societal concern in the Progressive era of Woodrow Wilson. When other contingencies of modern life were brought under social security in the New Deal reforms of the 1930's, work accident legislation remained separate. One possible reason was that work accidents can be controlled within industrial and chance limits. But control does not imply elimination since a risk-free environment would paralyze production. In spite of imperfections caused by low benefits and imperfect insurance arrangements, the workers' compensation legislation does help internalize the costs of accidents, but internalization of costs is only one remedy. Regulation and a much broader community responsibility are others. It is argued that regulation poses greater problems and that broader community responsibility may evade the issues involved in choosing the appropriate tradeoff point between production and health which will maximize social welfare. (J )
Desc.: Workmen's Compensation; Government regulation; 19c-20c; Safety; Health; Accidents; Legislation
Historical Period: 1800H 1900H

Y026038 39 
538804 18A-02098
STATE COMPLIANCE WITH WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION RECOMMENDATIONS.
Thompson, Joel A Thompson, Joel A.
Policy Studies J. 1979 8 (3): 417-430.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Determines state compliance with recommendations proposed by the National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws in 1972.
Desc.: Labor Law; State Government; 1972-1979; Workmen's compensation; National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 40 
537133 18A-00484
The material formation of the working class in Montreal between 1790 and 1830
LA FORMATION MATERIELLE DE LA CLASSE OUVRIERE A MONTREAL ENTRE 1790 ET 1830
Tremblay, Robert Tremblay, Robert.
Rev. d'Hist. de l'Amerique Francaise (Canada) 1979 33 (1): 39-50.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
During these years, which preceded the birth of industrial capitalism, some traits of a nascent capitalist industrial production are shown: diversified labor force, technical division of labor with a system of authority between employers and workers, perfection and concentration of means of production, compensation of workers dependent on the laws of the capitalist market, and introduction of capitalist discipline. Based mostly on hiring agreements and employment contracts, archival documents, and other primary sources; table, graph, 19 notes. (G. P. Cleyet )
Desc.: Quebec - (Montreal); 1790-1830; Working class; Capitalism
Historical Period: 1790D 1800D 1810D 1820D 1830D 1700H 1800H

Y026038 41 
534194 17C-07218
"Liability Risk Management for Local Governments."
Perez, Ramon Antonio Perez, Ramon Antonio.
DAI 1980 40 (7): 4129-A.
Source: Georgia State U. 1979. 563 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Employers' liability; 1977; Risk Management; Local Government
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 42 
531121 17A-08609
A MEMO FROM MEMORY: WORKING WITH THE NORTH DAKOTA WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION BUREAU, 1919-1922.
Rice, Hazel F Rice, Hazel F.
North Dakota Hist. 1979 46 (2): 22-29.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The author became the first Secretary of the North Dakota Minimum Wage Department in 1919. Her bureau was created by the state government brought into power through the successful electoral efforts of the Non-Partisan League. The author had sporadic contacts with officials of the Bureau, especially Board Member Laureas J. Wehe, but she basically worked alone in journeying throughout the state to investigate working conditions. Her letters to her family in New England during her tenure of service describe the arduous efforts necessary to travel from place to place in a state served by three railroads but ill-served by any other rapid transportation.
The author's work was greatly inconvenienced by abysmal weather conditions and by the lack of adequate lodging for women in towns and villages. (N. Lederer )
Desc.: Rice, Hazel F - (account); North Dakota Workmen's Compensation Bureau; 1919-1922; Working conditions; Transportation
Historical Period: 1910D 1920D 1900H

Y026038 43 
530289 17A-07818
CHANGES IN WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS IN 1973.
Johnson, Florence C Johnson, Florence C.
Monthly Labor Rev. 1974 97 (1): 32-38.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
A record number of amendments to workmen's compensation laws were adopted by state legislatures in the United States and Puerto Rico in 1973, with occupational diseases, flexibility and levels of benefits, medical care, and farm workers' coverage receiving most attention.
Desc.: 1973; Workmen's compensation; Law; State legislatures; Puerto Rico
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 44 
522993 17A-02917
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW OF TORT IN FRONTIER CALIFORNIA, 1850-1890.
Bakken, Gordon M Bakken, Gordon M.
Southern California Q. 1978 60 (4): 405-419.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Traces the evolution of tort law in the half century following statehood in California. Torts (civil wrongs) involved negligence, slander, and trespass. Cases involving negligence increased as industrial development grew. In cases outside the employer-employee relationship, the state supreme court tended to find for plaintiffs. The Court's tendency to protect enterprise by finding contributory negligence in industrial accidents led to passage of workmen's compensation statutes. As California passed out of its frontier period, enterprise came to be less protected and the social costs of industrialization considered in tort suits. Primary and secondary sources; 61 notes. (A. Hoffman )
Desc.: 1850-1890's; California; Law; Negligence; Workmen's compensation; Industrialization
Historical Period: 1850D 1860D 1870D 1880D 1890D 1800H

Y026038 45 
522083 17A-02018
WORKERS' COMPENSATION LAWS: KEY STATE AMENDMENTS OF 1978.
Minor, Gerri Minor, Gerri.
Monthly Labor Rev. 1979 102 (1): 43-50.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Desc.: Workmen's Compensation; State Government; Labor Law - (amended); 1978
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 46 
520449 17A-00417
A STUDY IN SOCIAL CONTROL: THE LIFE OF THE SILVER MINER IN NORTHERN ONTARIO.
Baldwin, Doug Baldwin, Doug.
Labour (Canada) 1977 2: 79-106.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
A study of working conditions and owner-miner relations in silver mining camps of Cobalt, Ontario, 1903-20. Company housing, social clubs, team sports, and an employment bureau were utilized by owners to maintain control of workers. Companies were aided by strict liquor laws and inadequate mining laws. Antiunion activities by management prevented labor solidarity, but a strike in 1919 "marked the end of Cobalt's golden era." Primary and secondary sources, including government documents and journals; 77 notes. (W. A. Kearns )
Desc.: Ontario - (Cobalt); 1903-1920; Working conditions; Silver mining
Historical Period: 1900D 1910D 1920D 1900H

Y026038 47 
517964 16A-07731
COTTON DUST KILLS, AND IT'S KILLING ME.
Conway, Mimi Conway, Mimi.
Southern Exposure 1978 6 (2): 29-39.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Byssinosis, "brown lung disease, " is a prevalent problem among long term employees of Southern cotton mills. The mill owners, including Burlington Industries, Inc. which enjoys an excellent reputation in the safety field, have strenuously endeavored to avoid payment of compensation for workers' claims of disability caused by byssinosis. The Carolina Brown Lung Association has been organized to forward workers' claims for compensation.
Burlington's insurance agent, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. has by and large to date successfully thwarted payments for byssinosis-caused illnesses through the workmen's compensation system. Liberty Mutual is probably liable to third party suits resulting from possible negligence in serving as safety inspectors for the mills. Based on personal interviews. (N. Lederer )
Desc.: 1970's; Cotton; Brown lung disease; South or Southern States; Burlington Industries, Inc; Carolina Brown Lung Association; Liberty Mutual Insurance Co
Historical Period: 1970D 1900H

Y026038 48 
516264 16A-06067
MISSIONARY SERVICE IN CHINA.
Hurford, Grace Gibberd Hurford, Grace Gibberd.
J. of the Can. Church Hist. Soc. (Canada) 1977 19 (3-4): 177-181.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
A personal recollection by a Canadian missionary-educator in China. During her years of service she was a nurse, English instructor, and Christian teacher. Her work offered many rewarding experiences, but from 1937 on she and her fellow workers had to contend with the problems caused by the Japanese invasion. She was injured only once by Japanese bombs, but the danger was omnipresent. Consequently, her work in China was disrupted by the necessity to move on several occasions and by the orders of the Chinese government to close all schools. Her service in China ended with the conclusion of World War II. (J. A. Kicklighter )
Desc.: Missions and Missionaries; Teaching; Hurford, Grace Gibberd - (reminiscences); 1928-1945; China; Canada; World War II
Historical Period: 1920D 1930D 1940D 1900H

Y026038 49 
502915 16A-05639
THE FIRST JEWISH GOVERNOR: MOSES ALEXANDER OF IDAHO.
Weyne, Arthur Weyne, Arthur.
Western States Jewish Hist. Q. 1976 9 (1): 21-42.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Moses Alexander (1853-1932), a Bavarian immigrant to the United States, first entered politics in Chillicothe, Missouri, where he was elected as city councilman and mayor. Stagnant business conditions prompted him to move his dry goods business to Boise, Idaho. After two terms as Boise's mayor, the Democratic Party persuaded him to run for governor in 1914. As a two-term governor (1915-18) Alexander's chief accomplishment was to cut back expenditures. He was also credited with passage of a prohibition law, enactment of a workman's compensation act, creation of a state highway system, and construction of the Arrowrock Dam and the Dalles-Celilo Canal. Critics charged that he used his veto power too frequently against the legislature. After his second term of office Alexander became an informal elder statesman while remaining active in his merchandizing business. Based on family records and published material; 3 photos, 27 notes. (B. S. Porter)
Desc.: Jews; Democratic Party; Governors; 1914-1932; Idaho; Alexander, Moses
Historical Period: 1910D 1920D 1930D 1900H

Y026038 50 
473589 16A-02059
WORK INJURIES AND ADVERSARY PROCESSES IN TWO NEW ENGLAND TEXTILE MILLS.
Gersuny, Carl Gersuny, Carl.
Business Hist. Rev. 1977 51 (3): 326-340.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Describes work injuries in New England mills during 1895-1916 and "the patterns of imputing contributory negligence." Concludes that after the no-fault workmen's compensation law went into effect, the number of injuries changed little but there was a sharp reduction in injuries blamed on employee carelessness. Negligence charges before the law's enactment were often economic expediency for the mill owner. Based on company records; 38 notes. (C. J. Pusateri )
Desc.: 1895-1916; Textile mills; New England; Negligence, contributory; Workmen's compensation
Historical Period: 1890D 1900D 1910D 1800H 1900H

Y026038 51 
427918 15A-06158
AN INSTANCE OF LABOR AND BUSINESS COOPERATION: WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN WASHINGTON STATE (1911).
Tripp, Joseph F Tripp, Joseph F.
Labor Hist. 1976 17 (4): 530-550.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Enactment of a compulsory workmen's compensation law in Washington state in 1911, was achieved through cooperation of the lumber industry and labor unions. Frequency of accidents, resultant damage suits, animosity toward casualty companies, and an inadequate legal machinery promoted the cooperation which led to a compromise between industrial and labor interests. Based on trade journals, court reports, and manuscript sources; 58 notes. (L. L. Athey )
Desc.: Labor Unions and Organizations; 1911; Workmen's compensation; Washington; Lumber industry

Y026038 52 
427676 15A-05916
GOVERNOR MC KINLEY AND THE WORKING MAN.
Waksmundski, John Waksmundski, John.
Historian 1976 38 (4): 629-647.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Unlike earlier Republican Party leaders, Ohio governor William McKinley (1843-1901) sought to align himself and his party with the working class. Elected in 1891, McKinley asked the legislature to enact laws on railroad worker safety, right of employees to join labor organizations, and arbitration. McKinley was reelected in 1893 with improved Republican vote totals in counties with a substantial worker voting bloc. McKinley's careful actions dealing with striking coal miners during the 1893 depression enabled him to keep labor support. Notes. (M. J. Wentworth )
Desc.: Elections; 1891-1893; Republican Party; Ohio; McKinley, William; Working class

Y026038 53 
422785 15A-01220
THE RAILROAD SAFETY PROBLEM IN THE UNITED STATES 1900-1930.
Clark, Christopher Clark, Christopher.
Transport Hist. (Great Britain) 1974 7 (2): 97-123.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Between 1890 and 1910 the rate of railroad accidents to passengers and employees in the United States rose sharply, but after 1914 this trend was reversed. Discounts the "traffic level" theory as an explanation and discusses other aspects of railroad safety including: 1) the introduction of safety devices, safety appliance laws, research projects, improved recruitment and training of labor procedures, better working conditions, and equipment maintenance standards, 2) the establishment of Employers' Liability legislation which ended the essentially laissez-faire attitude of railroad companies to accidents, 3) advances in permanent way and block signaling, 4) the rising cost of accidents and the emergence of the belief among employers that the prevention of accidents was financially advantageous, and 5) the inauguration by companies of safety departments and campaigns. Points to areas of study, such as the role of government and labor, where more thorough research is required. Primary and secondary sources; 2 graphs, 92 notes. (R. G. Neville )
Desc.: Railroads; 1900-1930; Safety

Y026038 54 
388924 14A-08631
PRELUDE TO WELFARE CAPITALISM: THE ROLE OF BUSINESS IN THE ENACTMENT OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LEGISLATION IN ILLINOIS, 1905-12.
Castrovinci, Joseph L Castrovinci, Joseph L.
Social Service R. 1976 50 (1): 80-102.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Desc.: 1905-1912; Welfare capitalism; Business, role of; Workmen's compensation; Legislation; Illinois

Y026038 55 
387954 14A-07693
CHANGES IN WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAWS IN 1972.
Johnson, Florence C Johnson, Florence C.
Monthly Labor R. 1973 96 (1): 45-49.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Discusses current maximum benefits for disabled workers in state workmen's compensation laws, emphasizing the influence of the 1970 Report of the National Commission on State Workers' Compensation Laws.
Desc.: State Government; 1907-1972; Laws; Workmen's compensation

Y026038 56 
387232 14A-07020
JOHN W. KERN: SENATE MAJORITY LEADER AND LABOR LEGISLATION, 1913-1917.
Haughton, Virginia Haughton, Virginia.
Mid-America 1975 57 (3): 184-194.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Though of a rural background, John W. Kern was an early champion of labor. He ran on the defeated Bryan ticket in 1908, entered the Senate in 1911, and became Senate Majority Leader in 1913. Kern obtained Senate investigation of deplorable labor conditions in West Virginia. His most lasting achievement was the Kern-McGillicuddy Workman's Compensation Act (1916). He was instrumental in passage of the La Follette Seaman's Bill and much other prolabor legislation. Based on official records, newspapers, and secondary works; 38 notes. (T. H. Wendel )
Desc.: 1908-1917; Labor Law; Kern, John W; Senate; Workman's Compensation Act - (1916)

Y026038 57 
385643 14A-05494
THE ORIGINS OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN MINNESOTA.
Asher, Robert Asher, Robert.
Minnesota Hist. 1974 44 (4): 142-153.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The inefficiency and the litigation involved in employers' liability insurance, and the friction it caused, led some large companies to favor no fault workmen's compensation by 1909, the year that Governor Johnson called for an investigating commission to look into the problem. Uncertainty as to rates led to hesitancy, but by 1912 15 states approved such plans and in 1913 Minnesota passed a weak bill, a consensus reform measure. 13 illus.; 67 notes. (S. S. Sprague. )
Desc.: 1909-1913; Workmen's compensation, origins of; Minnesota

Y026038 58 
384756 14A-04642
WORKERS' COMPENSATION-1975 ENACTMENTS.
Hribal, Amy S; Minor, G M Hribal, Amy S. and Minor, G. M.
Monthly Labor R. 1976 99 (1): 30-36.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
In 1975 no state had yet fully complied with federal workers' compensation coverage, benefits, and program administration.
Desc.: State Government - (compliance); Federal Regulation; Workmen's Compensation; 1975

Y026038 59 
326222 13A-05892
AN ALTERNATIVE TO WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION.
Kasper, Daniel M Kasper, Daniel M.
Industrial & Labor Relations R. 1975 28 (4): 535-548.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Using criteria established by the National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws, this study appraises a model common law negligence system and the commission's own model workmen's compensation system. The author concludes that both of those models are deficient in certain respects and proposes an alternative system, combining universal insurance and the common law method of determining negligence, that he argues better meets all of the commission's criteria. (J )
Desc.: Labor; Legislation - (state); 1970-1975; Workmen's compensation, alternative to; National Commission on State Workmen's Compensation Laws; Models

Y026038 60 
325246 13A-04972
LEGAL REGULATION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING IN THE ONTARIO PUBLIC SECTOR.
Carter, Donald D Carter, Donald D.
Industrial Relations (Canada) 1974 29 (4): 776-785.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
In this paper, the author describes the major features of the legal structure for collective bargaining in the Ontario public sector. The emphasis is mostly placed upon the Crown Employees Collective Bargaining Act which applies to a substantial portion of the Ontario public sector labor force. The basic issues dealt with include: disputes settlement, scope of bargaining, determination of bargaining units, representation elections and political activities. (J )
Desc.: Law; 1970-1974; Collective bargaining, regulation of; Ontario; Crown Employees Collective Bargaining Act; Labor

Y026038 61 
322555 13A-02393
THE 1911 WISCONSIN WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW: A STUDY IN CONSERVATIVE LABOR REFORM.
Asher, Robert Asher, Robert.
Wisconsin Mag. of Hist. 1973/74 57 (2): 123-140.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Argues that Wisconsin progressive reforms were generally conservative in nature and sought to provide honest, efficient government while rationalizing social and business institutions to preserve stability and blunt the appeal of socialism. Reviews the debate over workmen's compensation, the consensus among businessmen and reformers concerning the need for legislation, and the enactment of a moderate bill in 1911. Agrees in general with Herbert Margulies that moderates or conservatives constituted the major part of the progressive wing of the Republican Party in Wisconsin, and with Samuel P. Hays that progressives agreed with most big businessmen who wanted to rationalize and stabilize the industrial order. 12 photos, 61 notes. (N. C. Burckel )
Desc.: Legislation; Progressivism; 1900-1911; Wisconsin; Workmen's compensation law; Labor reform; Republican Party

Y026038 62 
225624 11A-05402
HOW WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION CHANGED DURING 1969.
Johnson, Florence C Johnson, Florence C.
Monthly Labor R. 1970 93 (1): 57-61.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Desc.: Insurance - (coverage); Labor Law - (changes in); 1969; Workmen's compensation

Y026038 63 
225602 11A-05380
MEASURING EMPLOYEE COMPENSATION IN U.S. INDUSTRY.
Bauman, Alvin Bauman, Alvin.
Monthly Labor R. 1970 93 (10): 17-24.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Evaluates Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of workmen's compensation programs. (S )
Desc.: 1929-1968; Industry; Labor Department - (Bureau of Labor Statistics survey); Workmen's compensation programs

Y026038 64 
225231 11A-05076
THE POLITICAL PARTY VARIABLE: WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION CASES IN THE NEW YORK COURT OF APPEALS.
Beiser, Edward N; Silberman, Jonathan J Beiser, Edward N. and Silberman, Jonathan J.
Polity 1971 3 (4): 521-531.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
An examination of the voting patterns of the judges of the New York Court of Appeals in workmen's compensation cases, 1914-67. The authors "conclude that from 1914 until 1953, and from 1965 through 1967, political party was not a salient variable in judicial voting in workmen's compensation cases." From 1953 through 1965 "party affiliation cannot be said to have been a major determinant of judicial behavior. . . . Bloc voting along party lines, " however, occurred frequently "in those cases in which the court divided." 3 tables, 9 notes. (D. D. Cameron )
Desc.: 1914-1967; Political party variable; Workmen's compensation cases; New York; Courts of Appeal; Judicial voting

Y026038 65 
223304 11A-03201
CHARLES MC CARTHY'S "IDEA": A LIBRARY TO CHANGE GOVERNMENT.
Casey, Marion Casey, Marion.
Lib. Q. 1974 44 (1): 29-41.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
"In the decades of early-twentieth-century political, economic, and social upheaval Wisconsin led the nation in the passage of innovative, progressive legislation. Analysts frequently credit prominent politicians with the avant-garde direction taken by the state government, though a powerful force in Wisconsin was the often overlooked Legislative Reference Library, a brain child of the historian-librarian Charles McCarthy. From its inception in 1901 until his death in 1921 his unique library in the Madison capitol furnished inexperienced legislators with up-to-date syntheses of thought on current topics, and also drew up requested bills in uniform fashion in the "bill factory' division. McCarthy collected relevant data from every possible international and national source through correspondence, personal travel, and observation. He utilized the expertise of University of Wisconsin professors who frequented the library, transforming it into a thriving intellectual center rather than a stuffy repository of information. McCarthy's "idea' (expounded fully in The Wisconsin Idea, which he published in 1912) was to have efficient government result from the expertise channeled through his library. Conservative Wisconsin "Stalwarts' accused the library of sponsoring such seemingly rash measures as workingmen's compensation and minimum wage laws, while politicians of more progressive persuasion, academics, lawyers, librarians, and educators lavished praise on the experiment. McCarthy's "idea' was imitated in innumerable states, in municipal centers, and in other countries. In 1914 the department established at the Library of Congress was formed on the Wisconsin model." (J )
Desc.: State Government - (efficiency); 1901-1921; Library; Wisconsin; Legislative Reference Library; McCarthy, Charles

Y026038 66 
223274 11A-03171
RADICALISM AND REFORM: STATE INSURANCE OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN MINNESOTA, 1910-1933.
Asher, Robert Asher, Robert.
Labor Hist. 1973 14 (1): 19-41.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
The struggle for state insurance of workmen's compensation was spearheaded by the Minnesota State Federation of Labor in alliance with the Non-Partisan League. The attempt failed for numerous reasons including the antimonopolistic stance of Minnesota agrarians, the conservative defense of private plans, the growing disenchantment with government after World War I, and opposition on the grounds that reform was a socialist measure. Agitation from the left, however, did produce improvements which otherwise would not have succeeded. Based on publications of the Minnesota State Federation of Labor, legislative reports, manuscripts, and newspapers; 58 notes. (L. L. Athey )
Desc.: 1910-1933; Radicalism; Reform; Workmen's compensation; Minnesota State Federation of Labor

Y026038 67 
221509 11A-01488
THE REJECTION OF VOLUNTARISM.
Fink, Gary M Fink, Gary M.
Industrial and Labor Relations R. 1973 26 (2): 805-819.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
"Voluntarism' is a term used to describe the philosophy said to characterize American unionism prior to the New Deal era under which the labor movement committed itself to work within the laissez-faire capitalist economy, relying on its economic power to protect and promote the interests of workers and rejecting government aid and intervention. Examination of the actual response of unions to proposed legislation to establish workmen's compensation, unemployment insurance, and so forth reveals, however, sharp divergence in behavior at the national and local levels. While national union officials rigidly opposed such government measures to assist workers, local offiers and members strongly supported them. In rejecting the philosophy of voluntarism, local labor was much closer to the immediate economic and political realities of working class America." (J )
Desc.: Labor Unions and Organizations; 1890's-1930's; Voluntaris Labor movement; Government measures

Y026038 68 
221432 11A-01411
THE TILCO STRIKE.
Seymour, Edward E Seymour, Edward E.
Can. Labour 1973 18 (10-12): 18-28, 43.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
Example of how trade unions can protect employees of small firms through strikes and the courts. (S )
Desc.: Labor Disputes; Ontario - (Peterborough); Textile Workers' Union of America; Tilco Plastics Strike - (1965-67); 1965-1970

Y026038 69 
220364 11A-00362
THE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION AND PENSION PROPOSAL IN THE BREWING INDUSTRY, 1910-1912: A CASE STUDY IN CONFLICTING SELF-INTEREST.
Drescher, Nuala McGann
Industrial and Labor Relations R. 1970 24 (1): 32-46.
Doc. Type: ARTICLE
"The United States Brewers' Association in 1910 proposed a plan for workmen's compensation and pensions for employees of the brewing industry. After negotiation over some features of the proposed plan, the leadership of the United Brewery Workers enthusiastically urged approval of the plan by union members. To the surprise of the union officials and the management of the industry, the proposal was overwhelmingly rejected by the workers. This article tells the story of the Schram plan and discusses why the industry made this proposal, unusual for its time, and the probable reasons for its rejection." (J )
Desc.: Labor Unions and Organizations; Workmen's compensation; 1910-1912; Brewing industry

Y026038 70 
200587 11C-02713
"The Fuller Court and Employer's Liability."
Wolfe, Nancy Travis Wolfe, Nancy Travis.
DAI 1974 35 (5): 2924-A.
Source: U. of Delaware 1974. 261 pp.
Doc. Type: DISSERTATION
Desc.: Fuller, Melville; Progressivism; Supreme Court; 1888-191 Employer's Liability

Y026038 71 
193597 010-03687
HOLT ROSS, THE SECOND PRESIDENT OF THE MISSISSIPPI STATE FEDERATION OF LABOR.
Mosely, Donald C (Mississippi State U.).
J. of Mississippi Hist. 1972 34 (3): 237-246.
Describes the labor career of the late Holt Ross between 1918 and 1953. A lawyer who became the second president of the Mississippi State Federation of Labor, 1924-31, Ross was a politician, an organizer, a lobbyist, a lawyer, a mediator, a writer, and an ambassador for his government in foreign lands, all "rolled into" one personage. During his presidency he sought but failed to secure the adoption of a State workmen's compensation act. Later he was "primarily responsible for the organization of the longshoremen throughout the southern states." Based on newspapers and an interview with Ross; 16 notes. (J. W. Hillje )

Y026038 72 
186165 009-03452
CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE: THE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION MOVEMENT IN NEW YORK, 1890'S-1913.
Wesser, Robert F (State U. of New York, Albany).
Labor Hist. 1971 12 (3): 345-372.
Traces the development of the workmen's compensation movement in New York from 1890 to its success in the passage of the Glynn Bill in 1913. Initiated largely by the social progressives in the 1890's, workmen's compensation failed to get active support of organized labor until 1909-10 when the Wainwright Commission stimulated a struggle between proponents of a State plan and a voluntary one backed by business interests. The resulting struggle, affected by the Progressive spirit of 1911-13, which influenced politicians to support a State plan, led to the passage of the Glynn Act which was hailed by organized labor and social progressives. The act was a significant success for these two groups, and this fact weakens the widely-held thesis that Progressive legislation was largely a result of "voluntarism" or the "political rationalization of the needs of business." Based on the papers of Jonathan M. Wainwright, John B. Andrews, John Mitchell, government reports, periodicals, and newspapers; 72 notes. (L. L. Athey )

Y026038 73 
183433 009-00663
HOW EFFECTIVE IS SAFETY LEGISLATION?
Sands, Paul E (U. of Maine).
J. of Law and Econ. 1968 11 (1): 165-179.
Considers the results of a study comparing injury rates in Michigan and Ohio. Michigan had no specialized safety codes in force; in Ohio government control and influence was most prevalent. The study compared frequency rates of construction firms, cost of workmen's compensation, amount of influence and assistance asserted by the government and other sources, interest in and understanding of safety, and opinions in the construction industry about safety legislation. It was hypothesized that the "voluntarily reported" lower accident rates in Ohio were determined by the above factors. The study investigated 50 contractors, five from the five largest cities in both States, and obtained access to company records, leading to findings the opposite of what was expected. The differences in the average rates in the two States were negligible. Workmen's compensation costs were higher in Ohio for the sample. The only evidence of greater government participation in Ohio was inspections. Michigan contractors had a greater interest in and understanding of safety. Finally, all Ohio respondents favored legislation, while only one did in Michigan. Something other than safety legislation was responsible for the general similarities in both States; the mere passage of a law will not solve the problem of accident rates. More research needs to be done before definite conclusions can be made. Based on secondary sources, government documents, and personal interviews; 12 notes. (Caroline A. Gallacci )

Y026038 74 
182926 009-00161
EARLY HISTORY OF PREPAID MEDICAL CARE PLANS.
Schwartz, Jerome L (U. of California, Berkeley).
Bull. of the Hist. of Medicine 1965 39 (5): 450-475.
Describes and traces the development of the forms of prepaid medical care insurance from 1787 to 1929. "The first prepaid medical care plans were organized by fraternal societies and mutual benefit associations, which began to appear in the United States as early as 1787 with the formation of the Free African Society in Philadelphia. Initial health benefits provided by these associations were cash disability payments, aiming to replace a portion of the income lost during sickness. Later these employee groups, which had formed independent of employers, expanded the limited cash benefits into medical service programs.... round 1900, enployee and industrial medical care plans were organized and later came to be known as 'contract practice. The Workingmen's Compensation Laws, passed before World War I, stimulated the further development of prepaid plans. Remote areas in Washington, Oregon, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania, associated with lumbering, mining, and railroading industries, saw the founding of contract plans sponsored by industry, employees, physicians, hospitals, and medical societies. The early history of group insurance, private physician clinics, and hospital service plans laid the basis for the present day health insurance coverage under prepayment." 84 notes. (D. D. Cameron )

Y026038 75 
172260 008-00264
COMPULSORY HEALTH INSURANCE: "THE NEXT GREAT STEP IN SOCIAL LEGISLATION."
Walker, Forrest A (Eastern New Mexico U.).
J. of Am. Hist. 1969 56 (2): 290-304.
In the first two decades of the 20th century a group of physicians led by Isaac Max Rubinow, and intellectuals such as Henry Rogers Seager, led a strong movement for the adoption of compulsory national health insurance. Prompted by the success of social insurance schemes in Germany and the adoption of State workmen's compensation laws in America, the movement interested several State legislatures and formulated the Standard Bill (1916). However, the bill never succeeded in gaining the attention of Presidents Wilson and Harding, was besmirked by its connection with German precedents, and later encountered the opposition of the American Medical Association, the American Federation of Labor under Samuel Gompers, and large insurance companies fearing the proposal for burial insurance in the Standard Bill. The bill never was able to generate public enthusiasm, although there was ample evidence for its need. 64 notes. (K. B. West )

Y026038 76 
172208 008-00212
BUSINESS AND WORKERS' WELFARE IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA: WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION REFORM IN MASSACHUSETTS, 1880-1911.
Asher, Robert (U. of Minnesota).
Business Hist. R. 1969 43 (4): 452-475.
Historians analyzing the reform activities of American businessmen during the Progressive era have usually emphasized the economic and political reforms sought by businessmen in the national political arena or in the cities; however, with the exception of child labor legislation, the attitudes of employers toward social and economic reform on the State level have not received the attention they merit. The author finds that workmen's compensation reform - the most widespread and palpable reform affecting the welfare of American workers before World War I - was supported by both labor unions and the majority of American employers, a unique consensus between labor and capital. The result was the acceptance, for the first time in modern American history, of a large-scale application of the principle that society, acting through organized government, had an obligation to provide for the welfare of the men and women whose labor constituted the main basis of society's prosperity. Based principally on Massachusetts State documents and unpublished materials; 71 notes. (C. J. Pusateri )

Y026038 77 
163259 007-00264
ECONOMIC SECURITY AND SOCIAL CONFLICT IN AMERICA: THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY, PART I.
Lubove, Roy (U. of Pittsburg).
J. of Social Hist. 1967 1 (1): 67-87.
Examines the social insurance movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries which aspired to rationalize the income-maintenance system in the United States. It hinged on centralization, government initiative, and the transfer of responsibilities from the voluntary to the public sector. The struggle took place in an incongruous ideological and institutional framework which attempted to preserve voluntary institutions as the instrument to provide universal economic security. Voluntarism was lauded as the unique American method of collective action, providing the desired security and indispensable educational and character building functions. The constraints of voluntarism prevented the enactment of most social security legislation until the 1930's. A successful program like workmen's compensation demonstrated that social insurance had to be adapted to voluntary values and institutions and it served as a filter which rejected outright or refined social insurance proposals. 66 notes. To be continued. (Nuala M. Drescher )

Y026038 78 
146567 005-01590
WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION AND THE PREROGATIVES OF VOLUNTARISM.
Lubove, Roy
Labor Hist. 1967 8 (3): 253-279.
Analyzes the development of workmen's compensation laws as an example of how a collective welfare program was adopted to the prerogatives of voluntarism and to economic incentive rather than economic security. Although social reformers interpreted workmen's conpensation as an equitable social innovation in the transference of the economic burden to society, industries and insurance companies ultimately reshaped the design of compensation laws to their own objectives rather than the needs of the injured as exemplified by "prevention" taking precedence over "adequate income quarantees" in the history of compensation laws. Based on primary and secondary sources and government documents, 74 notes. (L. L. Athey )

Y026038 79 
146174 005-01192
WHAT LABOUR WANTS IN WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION.
Morris, Joe
Can. Labour 1967 12 (3): 10-11.
Stresses the need for rehabilitation and job placement. The role of the unions in obtaining and administering these proposals is considered. In English and French. (C. P. LeBris )

Y026038 80 
145707 005-00719
PREPAYMENT MEDICAL CLINICS OF THE MESABI IRON RANGE: 1904-1964.
Schwartz, Jerome L
J. of the Hist. of Medicine and Allied Sci. 1967 22 (2): 139-151.
In the 1890's Minnesota's Mesabi Range began to supply iron ore. The numerous illnesses and injuries soon made the mine operators realize the necessity of providing medical services, which at that time were nonexistent in that section of the country. In 1893, therefore, the operators hired a physician. He was offered company work on a salary basis, and a scheme was also devised by which he would provide for the total medical care needs of miners in return for a small fee deducted from their wages and paid directly to him. Out of this example there developed a fairly elaborate system of private prepaid medical care. The author details the development of these plans, traces the hostile relations between the companies and the workers (who resented the close relationship between some of the clinics and the companies), and shows how these prepaid plans adjusted to changes in medical technology, specialization, workmen's compensation, depression, strikes, unionization, war, and health insurance. 19 notes. (G. N. Grob )

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BIG BUSINESS AND THE ORIGINS OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION.
Weinstein, James
Labor Hist. 1967 8 (2): 156-174.
Examines the process whereby big business came to sponsor workmen's compensation legislation and evaluates the "striking success" achieved. Working through the National Civic Federation, representatives of big business began to support compensatory legislation by 1903 in order to reduce the need for independent political action by labor and the appeal of trade unionism. In 1911 no state had an effective compensation law, but by 1920 every state except six in the South did, an achievement made possible by the agitation of the National Civic Federation supported by big business. Based on the papers of the National Civic Federation and on other primary and secondary sources. 52 notes. (L. L. Athey )

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THE IDEA OF INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA, 1898-1915; 1915-1935.
Derber, Milton
Labor Hist. 1966 7 (3): 259-286, 1967 8 (1): 3-29.
Part I (1898-1915). Delineates the variety of views on "industrial democracy" which promoted the shift from traditional attitudes and methods of autocracy and paternalism in industrial relations to those associated with "representative government." Traced are the ideas of the U.S. Industrial Commission (1898-1902), the Commission on Industrial Relations (1913-15), three segments within the labor movement, the employers, and "Interested Outsiders." The author concludes that there was a greater acceptance of "industrial democracy" as a result of a trend toward "new democracy." The major extension pertained to widening the role of government which assumed the function of a "third party" in industrial relations. Many questions, however, which were later regarded as relevant to the administration of industry were given "little or no attention" during this period. Based on government documents, periodicals, and unpublished theses. 47 notes. Part II (1915-35). Traces the concept of "industrial democracy" from 1915 when it had become general in use through the next 20 years when it was "perhaps" the dominant concept in the literature on labor-management relations. The three outstanding developments were the discarding of individual bargaining for collective bargaining, the revitalization of trade unionism over company unionism, and the assumption by government of "unprecedented responsibilities for the development and control of industrial relations." A discussion of seven major criteria relative to industrial democracy is presented: representation and majority rule, participation and control, due process and equal protection, an equitable reward system with appropriate minimum standards, responsibility and accountability, individual and minority rights, and economic efficiency. The most widespread advance was in due process for employee complaints. Based on manuscripts, newspapers, government reports, and secondary sources; 35 notes. (L. L. Athey )

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THE 1964 ELECTION IN OREGON.
Balmer, Donald G
Western Pol. Q. 1965 18 (2, pt. 2): 502-508.
This State had no gubernatorial or senatorial races in 1964. Most exciting was the Republican primary contest in which Rockefeller defeated Lodge 94, 198 to 79, 169, with Goldwater running a rather poor third - just ahead of Nixon - with 50, 105 votes. Rockefeller filed an expense account showing expenditures of nearly half a million dollars, about four times that of his nearest competitor, Goldwater, in that department. This primary victory makes clear Oregon's rejection of ultra-Right extremism; hence, it surprised no one that Johnson scored a true landslide here receiving 63.
percent of the total vote. The Democrats also captured three of the four Congressional seats, but the Republicans increased their hold on the State legislature. Three measures of interest were on the ballot for decision by the voters; they decided to abolish a mandatory death sentence, not to provide insurance for workmen's compensation, and not to limit commercial fishing rights. (H. Aptheker )

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THE RISE OF WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION IN WYOMING.
Escolas, Edmund L
Ann. of Wyoming 1963 35 (2): 174-200.
Discusses the Wyoming socioeconomic structure between 1900 and 1915, showing that 70 percent of the population lived in rural areas and most of the rest were urban workers employed by coal mining, oil drilling, and manufacturing concerns. Claims that both labor and business agreed on the need for a workmen's compensation law. When passed in 1915, union leaders claimed the law lacked adequate compensation. Based on published United Mine Workers records, legislative and court records, and state histories. (R. L. Nichols )