Y023032 1 965883 86-540222 Sintered Metal Sliding Bearings. Manolache, V; Netuschil, D; Oberst, S Antriebstechnik, 24, (10), 54, 56, 58, 61 1985 ISSN: 0722-8546 Jrnl Ann.: 8603 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: GERMAN After an explanation of structure, the manufacture and classification of sintered metals as well as their outstanding suitability as sliding bearing materials are briefly generally dealt with as to friction, wear and tear as well as lubrication conditions in sliding bearings. Characteristics of sintered metal sliding bearings with regard to lubrication and bearing run-in are highlighted. Then investigations on sintered iron and sintered bronze bearings with various lubricants are reported. Their results show that the lubricant affects the bearing characteristics so considerably that the cheap sintered iron bearings can obtain the quality of sintered bronze bearings. 4 ref.--AA Desc.: Powder metallurgy parts; Bearings, Powder technology; Iron, Powder technology; Bronzes, Powder technology; Lubricants Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 2 961041 86-310571 Status of Understanding for Gear Materials. Townsend, D P New Directions in Lubrication, Materials, Wear, and Surface Interactions: Tribology in the 80's, Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Apr. 1983 757-770 Publ: Noyes Publications, Mill Rd. at Grand Ave., Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656, USA, 1985 Jrnl Ann.: 8602 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Die-cast alloy and sintered powder-metal gears are fairly inexpensive and will operate at higher loads and temp. than plastic gears. The three types of cast iron offer a medium-strength gear at a cost that varies with the accuracy of machining requirements. Gears can be manufactured from several Al alloys for light weight and medium cost and may be anodized for improved load capacity. The Cu alloys, bronze and brass, are more costly but have good sliding and wear properties that are useful for worm gear applications. The hot-forged powder-metal gears have the advantage of medium cost with good accuracy and high strength. Several low- to medium-alloy steels are available for gear design and most can be heat treated for added strength. The medium-alloy gear materials offer high strength when case hardened and will satisfy most high-load medium-temp. applications. For more severe load, speed, and temp. requirements the advanced high-temp. alloys must be used. These include EX-53, CBS 600, Vasco X-2, Super Nitralloy (5Ni--2Al), and forged AISI M-50. As the requirements become more stringent, the cost will also increase. 33 ref.--AA Desc.: Gears, Materials selection; Economics; Wear resistance; Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties; Forgings, Mechanical properties; Copper base alloys, Mechanical properties; Nickel chromium molybdenum steels, Mechanical properties; Fatigue life; Tensile properties Alloy Index (Identifier): M-50, Vasco X-2, CBS 600, CBS 1000M, SAB/ 9310, 4340, SANCM Sec. Head.: 31 (MECHANICAL PROPERTIES) Y023032 3 945306 85-540733 Two-Layer Powder Pressing Technique in the Production of Two-Layer Sinter Parts. Schreiner, H 11th International Plansee Seminar `85, Vol. I, Reutte, Austria, 20-24 May 1985 265-283 Publ: Metallwerk Plansee, Postfach 74, A-6600 Reutte, Austria, 1985 Jrnl Ann.: 8509 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: GERMAN Sintered products generally consist of an identical material throughout the entire volume of the formed part. Should different characteristics be required of a sintered part in different regions of the piece, this can be realized in two-layer sintered parts. In the two-layer powder pressing technique, two layers of powder are filled into a die, one on top of the other, and are pressed into a stable-edged compact. To avoid any impurity in the different layers, the first layer is pre-compacted, stray powder is extracted and then the two layers are pressed together. The two-layer powder pressing technique has proved successful for producing two-layer sinter parts and two-layer infiltrated sinter parts, mainly in the field of electrical contacts. Aluminum, Fe, Mo and Cu can be used in the production of bimetals. 12 ref.--AA Desc.: Aluminum, Powder technology; Molybdenum, Powder technology; Iron, Powder technology; Copper, Powder technology; Electric contacts, Powder technology; Bimetals, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 4 943312 85-221186 Ultrasonic Characterization of Porosity in Powder Metals. Howard, S; Tani, J; Arnold, H; Schwetlick, H; Sachse, W ASM Metals Congress, Detroit, Michigan, USA, 15-20 Sept. 1984 Pp 8 Publ: American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, USA, 1984 Report No.: Metals/Materials Technology Series No. 8408-025 Jrnl Ann.: 8509 Doc. Type: REPORT Lang.: Eng. Preliminary results are presented of a project aimed at investigating ultrasonic techniques to measure the bulk density, pore size, and spatial variation of porosity in powder metal specimens (Al, Fe, Cu). Specific techniques considered are ultrasonic wavespeed, attenuation and wave dispersion measurements, and the identification of spectral features in the amplitude spectra. Also discussed is the inverse medium problem for reconstructing the acoustic impedance profile along the direction of wave propagation in a specimen. 14 ref.--AA Desc.: Copper, Powder technology; Aluminum, Powder technology; Iron , Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Nondestructive testing; Porosity; Ultrasonic testing Sec. Head.: 22 (TESTING AND CONTROL) Y023032 5 938338 85-580593 Physico-Chemical Processes of Bonding in Spraying Powder Materials. Formulation of the Problem. Chernoivanov, V I; Karakozov, E S Weld. Prod. (USSR), 31, (1), 3-7 Jan. 1984 ISSN: 0043-2306 Jrnl Ann.: 8507 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The physical and chemical principles of the bond formation between spray-deposited powder metal coatings (Al, Cu, Mo, Ag) and the substrate material are investigated. The formation of atomic bonding is believed to be controlled by the formation of physical contact, contact--surface activation, and volume interaction. Rupture of interatomic bonding in the Me'-0 systems can take place through mechanical and chemical activation channels. 15 ref.--G.P.K. Desc.: Aluminum, Coatings; Copper, Coatings; Molybdenum, Coatings; Silver, Coatings; Plasma spraying; Sprayed coatings, Mechanical properties Bonding strength Sec. Head.: 58 (METALLIC COATING) Y023032 6 937720 85-540542 Application of Iron-Base Powder Compacts to Cores of Diamond Rotary Dressers.--II. Date, S; Kawakita, T J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 31, (7), 249-251 Sept. 1984 ISSN: 0532-8799 Jrnl Ann.: 8507 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: JAPANESE Fe--Cu--C sintered powder compact was used as the core of a diamond rotary dresser in the powder metallurgy process. The rotary dresser made by this method showed excellent accuracy compared with one made by the conventional process. The sunstaining of diamond grits by infiltrated tungsten powder seems to be better than in the conventional one. The damping capacity of composite material, tungsten powder and Fe--Cu--C sintered powder compact infiltrated simultaneously, was measured in comparison with other materials. The results showed that the above-mentioned composite materials seems to be advantageous in its capability of resistance against abnormal vibration during the use of rotary dressers. 3 ref.--AA Desc.: Iron, Composite materials; Copper, Composite materials; Carbon, Composite materials; Powder compacts; Powder metallurgy; Grinding machines (tools) Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 7 937719 85-540541 Application of Iron-Base Powder Compacts to Cores of Diamond Rotary Dressers.--I. Date, S; Kawakita, T J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 31, (7), 246-248 Sept. 1984 ISSN: 0532-8799 Jrnl Ann.: 8507 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: JAPANESE When a core material such as mild steel is used in the powder metallurgical process of making diamond rotary dressers, the welding strength between the core and the infiltrated tungsten powder, which cements the diamond grits, is a matter of great importance. An experiment searching for a good material which shows a high welding strength to the infiltrated tungsten powder was undertaken. It was found that an Fe--Cu--C powder mixture and the sintered porous compact of such powder mixture will be a good material if they are used as a core in the powder metallurgical process of making diamond rotary dressers. 3 ref.--AA Desc.: Iron, Composite materials; Copper, Composite materials; Carbon, Composite materials; Powder compacts; Powder metallurgy; Grinding machines (tools) Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 8 937646 85-540468 Process for Producing a Sintered Product of Copper-Infiltrated Iron-Base Alloy and a Two-Layer Valve Seat Produced by This Process. Nishino, Y; Kirigaya, S Mitsubishi Kinzoku KK Patent: US4485147, USA 1 Sept. 1983 Off. Gaz., 27 Nov. 1984 ISSN: 0360-5132 Jrnl Ann.: 8507 Doc. Type: PATENT A process for producing a sintered product of a Cu infiltrated Fe base alloy comprises the following steps: preparing two powder mixes, one having a predetermined composition with a powder of infiltrating material containing Cu powder or Cu alloy powder as the primary component, and the other having a predetermined composition without said powder of infiltrating material; pressing the two powder mixes into a compact having the powder of infiltrating material present locally; and sintering the compact under ordinary conditions so as to cause the infiltrant to penetrate into the infiltrant-free area simultaneously with the sintering. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Copper, Powder technology ; Infiltration; Powder metallurgy parts Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 9 934652 85-620217 A Composite Contact Material for Vacuum Electric Contactors. Bziawa, K; Senkara, J Pol. Tech. Rev., (4), 19-21 1984 ISSN: 0032-3012 Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The contacting material is the component of vacuum switches and determines their connecting life and quality. Consideration of the requirements, service life in terms of erosion, and optimum properties shows that the latter are obtained by sintering and subsequent infiltration of porous high-melting-point skeletal matrices. A new technology for producing these, involving adding a metal-oxide mix to powder metals before pressing, reduction, and sintering, is described and its application to the production of W-CuSb contact composites reported. Use of the CuSb-infiltrated porous-W skeletons as contact tips in electric motors and vacuum extinguishing chambers is discussed and a typical microstructure presented, together with an electron micrograph of the W matrix, graphed and tabulated data, and a review of the WO sub 3 -reduction reactions.--J.R. Desc.: Electric contacts, Composite materials; Electric switches; Powder metallurgy; Copper base alloys, Composite materials; Tungsten base alloys, Composite materials Alloy Index (Identifier): CuSb, CU Sec. Head.: 62 (COMPOSITES) Y023032 10 922964 85-520512 The Rotary Forging of Powder Metallurgy Preforms Using a Configurated Upper Die Technique. Leheup, E R; Moon, J R; Standring, P M 2nd International Conference on Rotary Metalworking Processes, Stratford upon Avon, England, 6-8 Oct. 1982 113-123 Publ: IFS (Publications), 35-39 High Street, Kempston, Bedford MK42 7BT, England, 1982 Jrnl Ann.: 8503 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. The rotary forging of powdered metals is discussed and certain applications and techniques which may offer considerable industrial attractions are suggested. The concept and design of a novel floating die arrangement capable of forming high integrity parts is described. The cold forging of sintered annular preforms using configurated oscillating dies is reported. The production of fully formed and densified components approximating to spiral bevel gears is discussed. 9 ref.--AA Desc.: Iron, Forging; Copper, Forging; Low alloy steels, Forging; Powder metallurgy parts, Forging; Bevel gears, Forging; Radial forging; Forging dies, Design Alloy Index (Identifier): ATST-D, Fe-0.3C-0.35Mn-0.25Ni-0.2Cr-0.3Mo, SANCM Sec. Head.: 52 (WORKING) Y023032 11 916727 85-540069 Friction Element and Method of Manufacture Thereof. Ward, M Lucas Ind plc Patent: GB2135411A, UK 16 Feb. 1984 30 Aug. 1984 Jrnl Ann.: 8501 Doc. Type: PATENT To produce a sintered metal-type brake friction on a backing plate which beds in quickly and which has a "feel" similar to a resin-based element, powdered metallic friction material is subjected to a resistance sintering or furnace sintering operation, so as to produce a sintered substrate and an unsintered or partly sintered surface layer which has less wear resistance than the substrate but friction properties which are not substantially less than the substrate. The surface layer may be formed of the same or different material as the substrate layer, depending upon the sintering technique chosen. Friction materials typically employed include copper with optional alloying additives. Desc.: Sintering (powder metallurgy); Wear resistance; Friction; Copper, Powder technology; Brakes (for arresting motion) Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 12 913243 84-540886 Copper Infiltration of Steel: Properties and Applications. Ashurst, A N; Klar, E; McCurdy, H R Progress in Powder Metallurgy 1983, Vol. 39, New Orleans, La., U.S.A., 1-4 May 1983 163-182 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, U.S.A., 1984 Jrnl Ann.: 8412 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Copper infiltration of P/M steels has been in use for approx 40 years. One of the main features of the process is the economical achievement of attractive mechanical properties. Nevertheless, while infiltration with Cu improves both tensile and impact properties, the absolute values for impact energy are still rather low. Values are shown for Charpy unnotched impact energies of uninfiltrated sintered steels for medium-compressibility sponge iron (MH-100) and high-compressibility water-atomized Ancorsteel 1000. 24 ref.--AA Desc.: Carbon steels, Powder technology; Iron, Powder technology; Gears, Powder technology; Copper, Powder technology; Infiltration; Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties; Impact strength; Tensile properties Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 13 909939 84-540846 A Special Case of Metal Forming. Blaine, P S. Afr. Mech. Eng., 34, (2), 49-55 Feb. 1984 ISSN: 0038-2442 Jrnl Ann.: 8411 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Powder metallurgy, as it is known today, is a young technology for forming metal powders into articles using the advantages of mass production. It is economic both in finance and energy since the products require little or no machining before being put into use and wasteage of material is kept to a minimum. In general, a powdered metal is compacted in a press in a specially designed toolset. The compact, which has almost the final required shape, is then sintered in a furnace under a controlled atmosphere. The materials that are presently available range from irons, steels and a variety of non-ferrous alloys including Al, brass and bronze. The basics of powder metallurgy of ferrous and non-ferrous structural components are described. Powder metallurgy products and their properties are also described for the purpose of increasing the understanding essential for the successful use of PM. 21 ref.--AA Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Aluminum, Powder technology; Brasses, Powder technology; Bronzes, Powder technology; Economics Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 14 903407 84-560985 Guidelines for Heat Treating Powdered Metal Parts. Ferguson, H Heat Treat., 16, (5), 34-39 May 1984 ISSN: 0017-9345 Jrnl Ann.: 8409 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. High compressibility powders with near-theoretical density have improved strength and hardenability, demanding serious heat treat re-evaluation. Density effects on case depth are demonstrated by comparing P/M and bar stock SAE 1018. SAE 1080 P/M and drill rod exemplify hardenability. Copper and Ni premixing effects on case depth are described, recommending SAE 4600 series. Process variables, temp., time, atmosphere and quench medium and carburizing, carbonitriding and tempering are discussed. Guidelines for in-house and commercial heat treat selection are listed. New low-temp. gas nitrocarburizing and ion nitriding for file hardness eliminate final machining.--J.V.R. Desc.: Carbon steels, Heat treatment; Powder metallurgy parts, Heat treatment; Case hardening; Hardenability, Alloying effects; Carbonitriding Quenching and tempering Alloy Index (Identifier): 1018, SCL/ 1080, SCH Sec. Head.: 56 (THERMAL TREATMENT) Y023032 15 903379 84-560957 Heat Treatment of Powdered Metal Parts in Gaseous NH sub 3 --SO sub 2 Atmospheres. Szczecinski, K; Wysiecki, M; Wawrzynski, W J. Heat Treat., 3, (3), 249-253 June 1984 ISSN: 0190-9177 Jrnl Ann.: 8409 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The effects of oxygen--nitrogen sulfurizing on the wear of sintered Fe are presented. The results of tests run with and without lubrication demonstrate the marked improvement in wear resistance produced by this treatment.--AA Desc.: Copper steels, Heat treatment; Carbon steels, Heat treatment ; Nickel molybdenum steels, Heat treatment; Powder metallurgy parts, Heat treatment; Wear resistance, Heating effects; Sulfurizing (alloying); Pistons, Mechanical properties Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-1.00C-4.70Cu, Fe-0.74C-7.60Cu, Fe-0.24C-2.25- Cu, Fe-0.18C-2.34Cu, SALCU/ 5140H, SAC/ CuSn10, CUBRO/ Fe-0.19C, 1010, SCL }iFe-0.92C-1.80Cu-1.85Ni-0.47Mo, Fe-0.86C-1.70Cu7-2.10Ni-0.54Mo, SANM Sec. Head.: 56 (THERMAL TREATMENT) Y023032 16 903091 84-540679 Developments of a Powder/Metallurgy, MZC Copper Alloy, Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Component. Peterson, L G J. Mater. Energy Syst., 6, (1), 50-58 June 1984 ISSN: 0162-9719 Jrnl Ann.: 8409 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The U.S. Dept. of Energy has sponsored a technology development and verification testing program in support of an advanced, water-cooled gas turbine firing at 1427 deg C. Strong emphasis has been placed on the design and testing of a composite first-stage nozzle. One of the materials making up this composite structure is a Cu alloy sublayer of Cu--MgZrCr (MZC). This alloy will serve as a heat transfer medium to keep surface-metal temp. and internal temp. gradients at acceptable levels. The alloy identification and development efforts that led to the selection of powdered metal Cu--MgZrCr are discussed. Test results for alloys evaluated are presented and compared to the design and processing goals set forth in the High-Temperature Turbine Technology program (HTTT). Composite nozzle fabrication via the use of hot isostatic pressing and its effect on mechanical test properties and structure are also addressed.--AA Desc.: Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties; Nozzles, Mechanical properties; Hardness; Creep rupture strength; Gas turbines Alloy Index (Identifier): MZC, CU Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 17 901518 84-313033 Status of Understanding for Gear Materials. Townsend, D P Tribology in the 80's, Vol. 2, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A., 18-21 Apr. 1983 795-809 Publ: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20546, U.S.A., 1984 Jrnl Ann.: 8409 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Today's gear designer has a large selection of possible gear materials to choose from. Die-cast alloy and sintered powder-metal gears are fairly inexpensive and will operate at higher loads and temp. than plastic gears. The three types of cast iron offer a medium-strength gear at a cost that varies with the accuracy of machining requirements. Gears can be manufactured from several Al alloys for light weight and medium cost and may be anodized for improved load capacity. The Cu alloys, bronze and brass are most costly but have good sliding and wear properties that are useful for worm gear applications. The hot forged powder-metal gears have the advantage of medium cost with good accuracy and high strength. Several low- to medium-alloy steels are available for gear design and most can be heat treated for added strength. The medium-alloy gear materials offer high strength when case hardened and will satisfy most high-load medium-temp. applications. For more severe load, speed and temp. requirements the advanced high-temp. alloys must be used. These include EX-53, CBS 600, Vasco X-2, Super Nitralloy (5Ni--2Al) and forged AISI M-50. It is necessary that the gear designer have a working knowledge of the various gear materials to match the most economical material with the design requirements. 33 ref.--AA Desc.: Spur gears, Materials selection; Bearing steels, Mechanical properties; Nickel chromium molybdenum steels, Mechanical properties; Tool steels, Mechanical properties; Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties; Fatigue life; Contact stresses Alloy Index (Identifier): 2024, 7075, AL/ 9310, SANCM/ 1020, SCL/ M-50, ST / 304, SSA/ CBS 600, CBS 1000M, Vasco X-2, SAB/ Cu-1.5Be-0.25Co, CU Sec. Head.: 31 (MECHANICAL PROPERTIES) Y023032 18 896321 84-540470 Sintered Alloy for Valve Seat. Urano, S; Yamamoto, K; Takagi, Y; Sugawara, T Nippon Piston Ring Patent: GB2125823A, UK 27 July 1983 14 Mar. 1984 Jrnl Ann.: 8407 Doc. Type: PATENT A sintered alloy for a valve seat is disclosed comprising, in wt.% 0.5 to 1.7% C, 0.5 to 2.5% Ni, 3.0 to 8.0% Cr, 0.1 to 0.9% Mo, 1.0 to 3.8% W and 4.5 to 8.5% Co, the balance being Fe provided by a base atomized powder. The alloy contains 8 to 14 vol.% of 250 mesh or less C--Cr--W--Co--Fe and Fe--Mo hard grains and 6 to 13 vol.% of cells, with the continuous cells being infiltrated by a Cu alloy. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Alloy development; Copper base alloys, Diffusion; Infiltration; Particle size Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-1.2C-1.73Ni-7.3Cr-0.45Mo-2.19W-7.15Co, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 19 893133 84-540386 Developments of a Powder Metallurgy MZC Copper Alloy Water-Cooled Gas Turbine Component. (Pamphlet). Peterson, L G Metals/Materials Technology Series, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A., 3-6 Oct. 1983 Pp 8 Publ: American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio 44073, U.S.A., 1983 Report No.: Paper No. 8305-047 Jrnl Ann.: 8406 Doc. Type: REPORT Lang.: Eng. The U.S. Dept. of Energy has sponsored a technology development and verification testing program. This work is in support of an advanced water-cooled gas turbine firing at 1427 deg C. As part of this turbine, strong emphasis has been placed on the design and testing of a composite first-stage nozzle. One of the materials making up this composite structure is a Cu alloy sublayer of Cu--MgZrCr (MZC). This alloy will serve as a heat transfer medium to keep surface metal temp. and internal temp. gradients to acceptable levels. The alloy identification and development efforts that led to the selection of powdered metal Cu--MgZrCr are discussed. Test results for alloys evaluated are presented and compared to the design and processing goals set forth in the High-Temperature Turbine Technology program (HTTT). Composite nozzle fabrication via the use of hot isostatic pressing and its effect on mechanical test properties and structure are also addressed.--AA Desc.: Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Nozzles, Composite materials; Hot isostatic pressing; Powder compacts, Mechanical properties; Creep rupture strength; Tensile properties Alloy Index (Identifier): MZC, CU Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 20 889600 84-540346 Producing a Machinable, High Strength Hot Formed Ferrous Base Alloy From Powder. McLeod, K C Imperial Clevite Inc Patent: GB2122643A, UK 28 Apr. 1983 18 Jan. 1984 Jrnl Ann.: 8405 Doc. Type: PATENT A Method is disclosed which comprises providing a particulate mixture consisting of, in weight percent, from about 1.0 to about 3.0% Cu, from about 0.16 to about 0.35% S, from about 0.4 to about 0.8% C, the balance being Fe plus from 0 to about 2% incidental impurities. This particulate mixture is formed into a preformed article having a predetermined configuration, the article so-formed is sintered at a temperature sufficient to produce the desired alloy, and the sintered article is subjected to a hot forming treatment to produce a machinable, high strength ferrous base powdered metal alloy article having a density near theoretical. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Copper, Alloying elements ; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Hot forming Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-2Cu-0.35S-0.6C, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 21 886132 84-570291 Antifouling Paint Composition. Okushi, J Nippon Paint Co Patent: GB 2120267A, UK 12 May 1982 30 Nov. 1983 Jrnl Ann.: 8404 Doc. Type: PATENT There is provided an antifouling paint composition comprising a vehicle, an effective amount of a water-insoluble copper compound, and a water-insoluble reducing agent having an oxidation-reduction potential less that that of copper. The reducing agent is preferably selected from powdered metals such as Sn, Sb, Zn, Cr, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti or alloys of these metals. Desc.: Antifouling coatings; Paints; Reducing agents; Metal powders ; Chemical composition Sec. Head.: 57 (FINISHING) Y023032 22 882446 84-610190 A Dual-Layer Sintered Valve Seat Ring. Takagi, Y; Sugawara, T; Nii, S; Matsuda, T Honda Giken Kogyo Patent: GB2117413A, UK 8 Mar. 1983 12 Oct. 1983 Jrnl Ann.: 8403 Doc. Type: PATENT The present invention relates to a dual-layer sintered valve seat ring having high stiffness and strength. The features of such a ring are: fusion infiltration of Cu into the pores of a ferrous sintered body; hard alloy particles dispersed in the matrix of the valve seat body; the composition of the base and the ferrous sintered body; high density; and, diffusion of an alloying element of the hard particles around them and into the matrix. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Composite materials; Copper, Composite materials; Refractory compounds, Composite materials; Composite materials; Valves, Composite materials; Powder metallurgy parts, Composite materials Sec. Head.: 61 (ENGINEEERING COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURES) Y023032 23 878762 84-610114 Primary Batteries--Sealed Mercurial Cathode Dry Cells. Ruben, S Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry. Vol 3. Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage., 233-245 Publ: Plenum Press, 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013, U.S.A., 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8402 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Firstly the fundamental factors necessary to produce a sealed zinc--mercuric oxide alkaline cell are outlined. The three basic structural types of sealed zinc--mercuric oxide alkaline cell, namely the wound anode type, the flat pressed powdered copper cathode and anode type, and the cylindrical pressed powdered electrode type are then described in detail. The cell discharge characteristics of zinc--mercuric oxide cells are given and the factors responsible for the maintenance of low internal resistance of the cell during discharge summarised. The mercury voltage reference cell is briefly considered and the design and characteristics of rechargeable mercuric oxide cells described. The design and cell structure of zinc mercuric dioxysulphate cell is also treated. 9 ref.--B.G.M. Desc.: Electric batteries; Primary batteries; Dry cells; Zinc, Electrochemistry; Mercury compounds, Electrochemistry Sec. Head.: 61 (ENGINEEERING COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURES) Y023032 24 878305 84-540121 Some Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloy Infiltrated Iron Powder Compacts. Yokota, M; Daikoku, I; Mitani, H J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 29, (4), 133-138 June 1982 ISSN: 0532-8799 Jrnl Ann.: 8402 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: JAPANESE Some mechanical properties of Cu alloy infiltrated powder compacts have been investigated. The infiltrants were pure Cu, Cu alloys containing up to 8 wt.% Fe, Ni or Mn a Cu alloy containing 2 wt.% Fe, Ni and Mn. the iron skeletons were used as green compacts and sintered compacts. In addition, the effect of heat treatments on the mechanical properties of the infiltrated specimens has been investigated. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Tensile strength of the copper infiltrated specimen at first increased rapidly with increasing infiltration time, and showed a maximum at about 5 min infiltration. Beyond about 10 min it increased gradually with increasing infiltration time. The tensile strength of the Cu infiltrated iron green dompacts was higher than that of the pre-sintered and Cu infiltrated iron powder compacts. (2) The adidtion of up to about 4 wt.% Ni or Mn to the Cu infiltrant was superior to the addition of Fe in preventing surface pitting of the infiltrated specimen. (3) The effect of various treatments, and of water quenching, of the infiltrated specimen on the mechanical properties has been determined. In general, aging at 480 deg C for 30 min is desirable for improving the tensile strength, but furnace cooling or aging at 700 deg C for 20 min is recommended for improving the ductility of the products. In addition, the Cu alloy infiltrated iron powder compacts aged at 700 deg C for 20 min showed a comparatively high tensile strength. 19 ref.--AA Desc.: Alloy powders, Mechanical properties; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Iron, Powder technology; Powder compacts, Mechanical properties; Tensile strength, Composition effects; Heat treatment Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-Cu, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 25 878286 84-540102 Memory Alloys Based on Copper or Nickel Solid-Solution Alloys Having Oxide Inclusions. Melton, K; Mercier, O; Riegger, H Brown Boveri Patent: US4389250, USA 3 Mar. 1980 Off. Gaz., 21 June 1983 ISSN: 0360-5132 Jrnl Ann.: 8402 Doc. Type: PATENT A memory alloy prepared by powder metal technology consists of Al and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni or Cu and Ni having the beta -phase solid-solution structure which forms a matrix having a fine-grained texture with a crystallite dia. of at most 100 mu m, the Cu/Al or Cu/Al/Ni alloy containing Al in the range 10.6-15.0% and Ni in the range 0-6%, balance Cu, and the Ni/Al alloy containing Al in the range 17-26%, balance Ni, and dispersed in the matrix, 0.5-2.0% finely divided inclusions of at least one metal oxide having a particle size of 1.0 nm-1.0 mu m. Desc.: Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Nickel base alloys, Powder technology; Shape memory; Aluminum, Alloying elements; Particle size; Dispersion hardening Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 26 871314 83-541211 Powdered Metals--Precoated Tungsten--Copper, Tungsten--Nickel--Copper. (Pamphlet). Pp 9 Publ: Pfizer Minerals, Pigments and Metals Div., 235 E. 42nd St., New York, N.Y. 10017, U.S.A., 1978 Jrnl Ann.: 8312 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Pfizer has developed a series of W--Cu and W--Ni--Cu powders with varying Cu or Ni--Cu contents. Metallographic examination of the powder shows each tungsten powder particle to be coated with Cu or a Cu--Ni alloy. When consolidated by a conventional press-sinter technique, these powders produce parts having excellent dispersion and continuity of the matrix phase. The Pfizer process produces powder of excellent green strength and eliminates the premixing of powders which could result in segregation during shipment, storage or handling. The process is amenable to preparing a wide range of powder compositions. Tungsten--copper powders containing from 10-90% W have been prepared and have found applications for electrodischarge machining, electrochemical machining and resistance welding electrodes and heavy metal part applications. The W--Ni--Cu powders are generally used for heavy metal P/M parts.--AA Desc.: Tungsten base alloys, Powder technology; Metal powders, Coating; Alloy powders, Alloy development; Powder compacts, Mechanical properties; Tensile properties Alloy Index (Identifier): 75W-25Cu, 90W-10Cu, 90W-7.5Ni-2.5Cu, 87.7W-5.7Ni-7.6Cu, W Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 27 867972 83-541047 Sintered Valve Sheet Alloy Made by DCI Process. Met. Technol. (Jpn.), 53, (5), 58-59 May 1983 ISSN: 0368-6337 Jrnl Ann.: 8311 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: JAPANESE The DCI production process and characteristics of sintered valve sheet alloy made by it are described. The DCI process (direct Cu infiltration process) produces the sheet alloys in one-step sintering while the ordinary process infiltrates Cu into the sinter after the mold is heat treated. The performance of the DCI product is comparable with that of the ordinary method, but the cost of the DCI production is approx 20% lower than the two-step process.--T.T. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Liquid phase sintering; Copper, Diffusion Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-7Mo-1.5Cr-1Co-0.5Ni-1C, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 28 864344 83-540967 Method of the Preparation of High-Density Sintered Alloys Based on Iron and Copper. Asaka, K; Hayasaka, T; Ozawa, S Powder Metal Parts: Design and Implementation for Economics and Reliability, Detroit, Mich., 1983 53-60 Publ: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, Pa. 15096, 1983 {_ Jrnl Ann.: 8310 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. A method is described for the preparation of a high-density sintered alloy composed mainly of Fe and up to 50% Cu, characterized in that it contains > 0.03% boron to suppress or limit the Cu growth phenomenon during sintering. After carburizing, quenching and tempering, the sintered compacts, composed of Fe--5Cu--0.15B--0.65Cr--0.1C, show a tensile strength of 900 MPa at the density of 7.2 g/cm exp 3 . As these sintered compacts show high elongation, it is possible to make parts by cold forging using these materials. After carburizing, quenching and tempering, the tensile strength of these cold forged compacts is > 1200 MPa.--AA Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Copper, Alloying elements ; Powder metallurgy parts; Tensile strength; Dimensional stability, Alloying effects; Boron, Alloying additive Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-5Cu-0.65Cr-0.15B, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 29 857929 83-540831 Alcan Ingot and Powders (Elizabeth, New Jersey). Met. Powder Rep., 37, (6), 320-321 June 1982 ISSN: 0026-0657 Jrnl Ann.: 8308 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The Alcan Al Corporation handles sales of primary Al ingot, operates secondary Al smelters, and produces metal powders on several sites. Details are given of the powder production plant at Elizabeth, New Jersey. Apart from coarse filter bronze, all Alcan powders are made by atomization. Cu is the principal PM product, and is produced by H sub 2 O atomization. When the powder is dried any oxide is reduced and its density is reduced to 2.5 g.cm exp 3 . Nine different grades are produced, mainly for electrical applications and bearings. Six bronze premixes are offered consisting of Cu, Sn, and lubricant, and having consistent pressing and sintering characteristics. Cu powder coated with a diffused layer of Sn is made by mixing Cu and Sn powders in the required proportions and heating well above the m.p. of Sn. This is used for filters. Alcan have bought the Infiloy TM process, Infiloy being a Cu-based powder for infiltrating Cu-based parts. Coarser grades of filter bronze are produced by cutting Cu wire into pieces equal in length to the dia. A third method is atomization of pre-alloyed bronze. Five grades of Sn powder are made by air atomization of high purity metal. Al powders are produced in a completely separate building for safety reasons--premixes and four grades are available.--E.J.S. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Plants; Nonferrous metals, Powder technology; Atomizing Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 30 857926 83-540828 Alpha Sintered Metals Inc. (Ridgway, Penn.). Met. Powder Rep., 37, (6), 309-310 June 1982 ISSN: 0026-0657 Jrnl Ann.: 8308 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Alpha Sintered Metals Inc. (Ridgway, Penn.) have doubled manufacturing floor space since 1976, and plan a further 25% increase. They produce bearings in straight and "diluted" bronze, plain Fe, and C and Cu steels. Structural parts in Fe, C steel, and Cu/C steel are in regular production. Electrical parts are also made in bronze, brass, nickel silver, and Cu. Densities up to 7.6 g/cm exp 3 with high strengths are obtained by Cu infiltration of Fe and C steel. Powder mixes are made in-house. There are 22 mechanical 20-200 ton compacting presses, and tooling is in stock for 2500 parts. Max. pressed density is 7.0, and largest weight to date is 3 lb, but a new 660 ton capacity mechanical press on order will enable much larger parts to be made. Sintering is done with endogas from CH sub 4 in electrically heated mesh belt furnaces. Tooling is usually bought in but repaired and maintained on-site. Finish machining, drilling, tapping, grinding, and oil impregnation are available but other finishing operations and surface treatments are subcontracted. Alpha's products are used in power tools, garden and agricultural equipment, and business machines. The company is not heavily involved in the automobile industry.--AA Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Plants Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 31 857925 83-540827 Brockway Pressed Metals Inc. (Brockway, Penn.). Met. Powder Rep., 37, (6), 305, 308 June 1982 ISSN: 0026-0657 Jrnl Ann.: 8308 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Brockway Pressed Metals Inc. (Brockway, Penn.) uses elemental powders for all but 5% of raw material. Small quantities of prealloyed low alloy steel are used. There are 63 compacting presses 15 to 750 tons in capacity, 60 being mechanical and the three largest hydraulic. About 25 presses, up to 60 ton, are used for sizing. Only 30% of the product is repressed. Compacting rate is 2500/h and sizing rate up to 9000/h. There are 11 belt conveyor furnaces for sintering and a high-temp. pusher furnace operating at up to 1370 deg C for the steel. All furnaces run on endo-gas, obtained either naturally from CH sub 4 or synthetically from N, dissociated NH sub 3, and CH sub 4 . A considerable number of ferrous parts are infiltrated with 10-20 wt.-% Cu--Mn--Fe alloy. Post-sintering treatments are available. Half the tool sets are made in-house. About 30% of the works output is Fe, 90/10 bronze, and Fe/bronze mixture bearings, and the rest consists of structural parts. The company is starting to produce parts of increasing complexity.--E.J.S. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Plants; Bearings, Powder technology Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 32 857924 83-540826 Pennsylvania Pressed Metals Inc. (Emporium, Penn.). Met. Powder Rep., 37, (6), 297-298 June 1982 ISSN: 0026-0657 Jrnl Ann.: 8308 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. History of Pennsylvania Pressed Metals Inc. (Emporium, Penn.) is outlined and details are given of the main production plant. Elemental powders are mixed in double cone blenders. Powder compacting presses range from 20 to 750 tons, three being hydraulic and the rest mechanical. The sintering section has up to 14 mesh belt conveyor furnaces with output 450 lb/h each. Atmospheres include endo and exo gas generated from CH sub 4, cracked NH sub 3, and N-based gases. Automatic sizing presses (1000 ton) can produce 10 000 pieces/h. Modern facilities are available for sintering, and inspection facilities are high standard. The company has tool sets for 4500 different parts. Production and job schedules are controlled by computer. Fe-base products include plain Fe, Fe/C, Fe/Cu/C, Fe/Ni/C, and Fe/Ni/Cu/C, generally 6.2-6.9 g/cm exp 3, but 7.2-7.4 g/cm exp 3 after repressing. Non-ferrous products, 10-12% of the output, are 303 and 316 stainless steel, nickel silver, 80/20 brass, and bronze. Ferrous part strength is increased by infiltration with a Cu/Zn alloy. Applications for parts are automobiles, garden appliances, power tools, office equipment, and agriculture.--E.J.S. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Plants; Presses; Sintering (powder metallurgy) Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 33 854924 83-620251 A New Wear Resistant Composite Material. Angers, R; Champagne, B; Fiset, M; Chollet, P Progress in Powder Metallurgy 1982, Vol. 38, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 24-27 May 1982 159-175 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation and American Powder Metallurgy Institute, 105 College Rd., E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1983 Jrnl Ann.: 8307 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. A composite material consisting of WC/Co particles in a steel matrix was fabricated by sintering mixtures of WC/Co particles and a steel powder and infiltrating the sintered pieces with a Cu alloy. Its wear resistance and mechanical properties were studied as a function of the content in WC/Co particles and other characteristics of the composite material microstructure. Infiltration provided a simple means to obtain a strong cohesion between WC/Co particles and the steel matrix. An effective matrix protection against wear is obtained with relatively low additions of particles, especially with a silica abrasive which is soft with respect to cemented carbide. The experimental results show that this material has good mechanical properties and wear resistance. Depending upon abrasion resistance, wear losses are reduced up to ten times by a 30 vol.-% addition of cemented carbide particles. 11 ref.--AA Desc.: Tungsten carbide, Composite materials; Cobalt, Composite materials; Cemented carbides, Composite materials; Steels, Composite materials; Composite materials, Powder technology; Copper, Diffusion; Wear resistance Alloy Index (Identifier): WC-10Co, CER Sec. Head.: 62 (COMPOSITES) Y023032 34 854435 83-540704 Designing With Powdered Metal. Des. News, 39, (5), 79-82, 86, 88, 90 14 Mar. 1983 ISSN: 0011-9407 Jrnl Ann.: 8307 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Exploiting the unique capabilities of P/M parts requires a systems approach to part, assembly and tool design and close user--producer cooperation. Influencing factors are delineated outlining considerations governing part size and shape. Multilevel shapes and numerous other design details are discussed. Sizing tolerances for brass (CZPUZZET), bronze CT-0010-R, Al, 1120N-F-0000-12, Cu and Ni steels (FC-0208-R and FN-0205-S) and stainless (SS-316-R) are tabled. Gears, ratchets, cams, assemblies and bearings exemplify typical design considerations; use of P/M's unique controlled porosity is noted.--J.V.R. Desc.: Aluminum base alloys, Powder technology; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Alloy steels, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Design; Tolerances Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 35 850686 83-540546 Fabrication of Copper Infiltrated Tungsten Jet Vanes. Peterson, J H; Meiners, K E; Ripley-Lotee, M Processing of Metal and Ceramic Powders, Louisville, Ky., 12-14 Oct. 1981 319-320 Publ: The Metallurgical Society/AIME, 420 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, Pa. 15086, 1982 Jrnl Ann.: 8306 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Battelle-Columbus Laboratories has developed a net-shape powder metallurgy production process to reduce the cost of producing Cu-infiltrated tungsten jet vanes. By pressing the vane to near net shape, the material required is held to a min. In addition, by machining in the green condition using an abrasive belt, the machining time for most of the surfaces of the vane can be reduced to 10-15 min. Relatively high pressure is used during cold pressing-to-shape to impart sufficient green strength to the vane to allow machining in the green condition. The as-pressed density is high enough so that the shrinkage occurring during sintering is very predictable. Only limited conventional machining is required after the sintering and infiltration operations. Inspection of the finished parts indicated that high-quality vanes could be produced by this process. Actual firing tests of these vanes indicated that their performance is equal to or better than that of those made from commercially available Cu infiltrated W material.--AA Desc.: Tungsten, Powder technology; Copper, Powder technology; Guide vanes, Powder technology; Cold pressing; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Powder compacts, Machining; Infiltration Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 36 843379 83-540346 Chicago Powdered Metal Products Co. (Schiller Park, Illinois). Met. Powder Rep., 37, (3), 135-136 Mar. 1982 Jrnl Ann.: 8304 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Parts are produced by this company from Cu steel, Cu--Ni steel, stainless steels, brass, bronze, and Ni--Ag.--T.W. Desc.: Low alloy steels, Powder technology; Stainless steels, Powder technology; Brasses, Powder technology; Bronzes, Powder technology Nickel base alloys, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy; Pressing Alloy Index (Identifier): 303, 316, SSA/ 410, SSM/ Fe-C-Cu-Ni, SAL Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 37 842193 83-330765 Influence of the Structure of Tungsten--Copper Contact Materials on Burn-off Behaviour in a High Current Electric Arc. Schreiner, H; Haufe, W High Temp. High Pressures, 14, (1), 101-110 1982 ISSN: 0018-1544 Jrnl Ann.: 8304 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: GERMAN See Met. A., 8208-72-0371, and 8212-72-0554. The effect of grain size on the burn-off behaviour of Cu-infiltrated sintered-W contact materials was tested. Tungsten powders with a mean particle size of 2.7 mu m, 10.2 mu m, and 152 mu m were used for the preparation of copper-infiltrated tungsten contacts. The content of tungsten was about 70 wt.%. Measurements of the burn-off of the fixed contacts were performed in air and in oil with a test current of 90 kA. The coarse-grained material tested in air showed burn-off rates greater by a factor of 1.2 than those of the fine-grained material. The same result was obtained from tests carried out in oil. The fine-grained material tested in air showed copper loss and cracks at the contact area, whereas the coarse-grained material had a rather flat erosion pattern. There was only a small loss of copper from the coarse-grained material tested in oil, but all materials tested in oil showed tungsten enrichment at the contact areas, which were partly coated with copper. 14 ref.--AA. Desc.: Tungsten base alloys, Electrical properties; Copper, Alloying elements; Grain size; Combustion; Electric contacts; Electric arcs; Powder metallurgy parts, Electrical properties Alloy Index (Identifier): W-30Cu, W Sec. Head.: 33 (ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC PHENOMENA) Y023032 38 834646 83-150272 Low Frequency Phonons in Sintered Copper. Frisken, B; Guillon, F; Harrison, J P; Page, J H J. Phys. (Orsay), 42, (Suppl. C6), 858-860 Dec. 1981 ISSN: 0449-1947 Jrnl Ann.: 8302 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Int. Conf. on Phonon Physics, Bloomington, U.S.A., Aug.-Sept., 1981. Measurements of Young's modulus and the sound velocity of a range of sintered Cu powder samples have demonstrated the existence of low frequency soft phonon modes that could explain the low temperature anomaly in the Kapitza resistance between liquid exp 3 He and sintered metal heat exchangers below 10 m deg K.--AA. Desc.: Powder metallurgy parts, Atomic properties; Copper, Atomic properties; Sound velocity; Modulus of elasticity; Thermal conductivity, Cryogenic effects; Phonons; Heat transfer Sec. Head.: 15 (PHYSICS OF METALS) Y023032 39 833851 83-620018 High-Porosity Permeable Materials From Metal Fibers. II.--Physicomechanical Properties of Materials. Kostornov, A G; Moroz, A L Poroshk. Metall., (8), 44-47 Aug. 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8301 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: RUSSIAN Experimental values of strength of fine Cu and Ni fiber materials sintered, respectively, in a hydrogen atmosphere at 1000 deg C and in a vacuum at 1400 deg C are in agreement with calculated results. By subjecting sintered metal fiber felts to free compression it is possible to produce materials with reductions of up to 75% and porosities of > 60% without inducing contact phenomena which have a deleterious effect on their properties. The thermal conductivity of fiber materials with porosities of 65-90% can be correctly calculated with Nekrasov's formula. 7 ref.--AA Desc.: Copper, Fiber metallurgy; Nickel, Fiber metallurgy; Fibers, Mechanical properties; Felts; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Porosity Sec. Head.: 62 (COMPOSITES) Y023032 40 820412 82-540986 Sintered Metal Articles and Their Manufacture. Cadle, T M; Hone, J W Brico Engineering Ltd Patent: GB2087929A, United Kingdom 19 Nov. 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8209 Doc. Type: PATENT Sintered metal articles especially sealed rings of < 25 mm diameter are formed by plating sintered metal skeletons with a metal of lower melting point than the metal of the skeletons, e.g. Cu. The plated skeletons are then heated, preferably in a stack to melt the plated metal, which infiltrates the skeletons. The articles so produced are stronger than and have greater elasticity than the skeletons themselves due to the presence of the plated metal in the skeletons. Desc.: Powder metallurgy parts, Coating; Copper plating; Infiltration; Seals (stoppers) Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 41 816847 82-540890 Alloy for Antifriction Bearing Layers and Process of Forming an Antifriction Layer on a Steel Supporting Strip. Mahrus, D; Paulos, A C Metal Leve SA. Industries Patent: GB2084186A, United Kingdom 24 Aug. 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8208 Doc. Type: PATENT An antifriction bearing layer is produced by sintering metal powder particles obtained by powdering a molten alloy containing Ni 2-10, Pb 8-27, Sn 0.5-10% and Cu balance on to a steel strip. Desc.: Antifriction bearings; Strip steel, Coating; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Sintering; Nickel, Alloying elements; Lead (metal), Alloying elements; Tin, Alloying elements Alloy Index (Identifier): Cu-Ni-Pb-Sn, CU Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 42 813974 82-620196 The Infiltration of Molten Copper Into Sintered Iron and Fe--Al sub 2 O sub 3 Compacts. Ueda, Y; Kunimitsu, S; Kondo, N J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 45, (11), 1208-1214 Nov. 1981 ISSN: 0021-4876 Jrnl Ann.: 8207 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: JAPANESE Fe powder and Fe--Al sub 2 O sub 3 powder mixes were compacted at pressures ranging from 98-296 MPa, and the resultant sintered compacts of differing pore size and pore distribution were infiltrated with molten Cu at temp. from 1403-1453 deg K. The amount of Cu infiltrated into the sintered Fe increased with increase in the temp. of infiltration, but was independent of the pore size and distribution. Fe powder, lightly compacted at 98 MPa was not fully infiltrated and free pores were apparent in the Cu-infiltrated zone. The addition of <= 0.3 mu m Al sub 2 O sub 3 particles up to 4.0 vol.% had no effect upon the degree of infiltration, which was however slightly decreased when the proportion of Al sub 2 O sub 3 was increased to 6 vol.%. The flow stress of a Cu infiltrated Fe--2 vol.% Al sub 2 O sub 3 compact was greater than that of the Cu-infiltrated Fe compact which in turn was greater than that of the compacts infiltrated with Cu and containing Al sub 2 O sub 3 4 or 6 vol.%. 10 ref.--BA. Desc.: Iron, Composite materials; Aluminum oxide, Composite materials; Copper, Alloying additive; Powder metallurgy parts, Physical properties; Infiltration; Porosity; Shear strength, Composition effects; Composite materials, Mechanical properties Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-4Al sub 2 O sub 3, FE/ Fe-6Al sub 2 O sub 3 , Fe- Al sub 2 O sub 3, BrE Sec. Head.: 62 (COMPOSITES) Y023032 43 806749 82-540597 Antifriction Properties of P/M Materials in End-Face Rubbing. (Translation). Dan'kov, O K; Ponomarev, Yu N; Pugina, L I; Slys', I G; Sokolov, Yu D Sov. Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 19, (12), 859-862 Dec. 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8205 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. End-face seals of rotating shafts consist of one sealing ring which rotates, together with the shaft, while a stationary ring is pressed (by a spring or a bellows or by pressure exerted by the medium) against the rotating ring so that their end faces are in contact. Friction properties were evaluated for the following materials in end-face rubbing against an 18% Cr steel: two sintered corrosion resistant materials (Kh23N18MsTs and Kh23Ni18MsB), respectively carburized and boronized 23-18 Cr--Ni stainless steels with MoS sub 2 additions; a material produced from Fe + 3% graphite + 4% ZnS (ZhGr3Tss4); reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE charged with coke dust (F4K20); and two carbon--graphite materials infiltrated with babbitt and a 30% Pb bronze respectively (AG1500B83 and AG1500BrS30). The ring/disk friction testing arrangement is described for tests in both air and vacuum. The results show that the Kh23N18MsTs, the carburized 23-18 Cr--Ni stainless steel with Mo sub 2 S addition, produced by a process in which sintering is combined with carburizing, gives better wear resistance in a vacuum than the similar boronized material. It considerably surpasses both the Fe--graphite--ZnS material and the PTFE composite.--M.R. Desc.: Austenitic stainless steels, Powder technology; Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Friction; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Carburizing Alloy Index (Identifier): Kh23N18MsTs, Kh23N18MsB, SSA/ ZhGr3Tss4, FE Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 44 806040 82-351043 Electrodissolution and Corrosion of Metals by Alternating Currents. Venkatachalam, S; Mehendale, S G J. Electrochem. Soc. India, 30, (3), 231-237 July 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8205 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Under certain conditions, a.c. can cause dissolution of metals although it may be at a lower rate than d.c. Such a method of electrodissolution by a.c. would be preferred industrially for those metals where chemical dissolution is tedious. The dissolution of powdered metals of the Pt group and Ni under the influence of a.c. is discussed. Investigations carried out on the a.c. electrolytic corrosion of Fe, Pb, Cu, Al and other metals are reviewed. The effect of frequency of a.c. and the influence of superimposition of a.c. on d.c. are discussed. One of the major undesirable effects of corrosion caused by a.c. is the corrosion of underground structures like water and gas supply pipe lines due to stray a.c. The phenomenon of stray current, access of a.c. to the underground structure and rectification by corrosion products are discussed. 40 ref.--AA Desc.: Pipelines, Corrosion; Steels, Corrosion; Copper, Corrosion; Aluminum, Corrosion; Stray current corrosion; Underground corrosion; Alternating current; Cathodic dissolution Sec. Head.: 35 (CORROSION) Y023032 45 803586 82-540496 Properties of Sintered and Infiltrated Tungsten--Copper Electrical Contact Material. Sebastian, K V Int. J. Powder Metall. Powder Technol., 17, (4), 297-298, 300-303 Oct. 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8204 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. A comparison is made of 50/50 W--Cu electrical contact material prepared by: mixing of elemental powders, pressing and sintering; mixing of the oxide powders and coreduction, pressing and sintering; and infiltration of the W-skeleton with Cu. Testing density, conductivity, hardness and compressive strength indicate the advantage of coreduction of mixed oxide powders. 15 ref.--AA Desc.: Tungsten, Powder technology; Copper, Powder technology; Electric contacts, Powder technology; Sintering; Infiltration; Density; Powder metallurgy parts Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 46 793807 82-540142 Nihon Funmatsu Gokin KK (Kyoto Yamashina). Met. Powder Rep., 36, (6), 269-270 June 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8201 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The largest part of Nihon Funmatsu's business is the production of sintered metal parts for the automobile industry, especially shock absorber parts. The principle alloys used are Fe--C, Fe--C--Cu, and Fe--Ni--C, with some bronze, Cu-base alloys, and stainless steel. Other types of parts include items for the camera, consumer electronics, and railway industries.--T.W. Desc.: Powder metallurgy parts; Powder technology; Automotive components, Powder technology; Stainless steels, Powder technology Alloy Index (Identifier): 304L, 316L, SSA/ 410L, SSM Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 47 793768 82-540103 Investigation of Sintering Process Using Mathematical Morphology. Chermant, J L; Coster, M; Jernot, J P Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 12, Principles and Processes, Washington, D.C., 22-27 June 1980 377-389 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation and American Powder Metallurgy Institute, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8201 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Stereology and mathematical morphology are useful tools to study and describe the process of sintering. On the one hand, parameters can be measured which define well the microstructure of the material. On the other hand, the concept of connectivity reveals the various stages in sintering. A method in which the mean neck size of bronze powders can be measured between any particles of convex shape is presented. A knowledge of the measured neck size enables a direct correlation of the morphological changes of any real sintered powder with theoretical models. This enables direct comparison with the sintering maps calculated by M.F. Ashby which indicate the predominant mechanism of sintering by the change of the neck size as a function of time and temp. of sintering for powders of different initial size. 22 ref.--AA Desc.: Bronzes, Powder technology; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Mathematical models; Quantitative metallography; Particle size distribution Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 48 791334 81-720544 Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 13, Ferrous and Nonferrous Materials. Hausner, H H; Antes, H W; Smith, G D Washington, D.C., 22-27 June 1980 Pp 583, 63/4 x 93/4 in., Illustrated Publ: American Powder Metallurgy Institute, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8112 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Contents: A. TASKINEN, M.H. TIKKANEN and G. BOCKSTIEGEL, @Carbon Deposition in Iron P/M Compacts During the Delubrication Process@; A.N. PATEL and W.E. KUHN, @Influence of High-Energy Vibra-Milling on the Annealed and Sintered Structures and Properties of a P/M Austenitic Stainless Steel@; C. ASLUND, G. GEMMEL and T. ANDERSSON, @Stainless Steel and Nickel-Base Powders for the Production of Parts Via Extrusion and Hot Isostatic Pressing@; M.T. PODOB, L.K. WOODS, P. BEISS and W. HUPPMANN, @The Mechanism of Sintering High-Speed Steel to Full Density@; K.M. KULKARNI, A. ASHURST and M. SVILAR, @Role of Additives in Full Dense Sintering of Tool Steels@; E.A. CARLSON, J.E. HANSEN and J.C. LYNN, @Characteristics of Full-Density P/M Tool Steel and Stainless Steel Parts@; J.M. CAPUS and C. FOURNEL, @The Influence of Mix Composition on the Machinability of Sintered Iron@; S. BANERJEE, G. SCHLIEPER, F. THUMMLER and G. ZAPF, @New Results in the Master Alloy Concept for High-Strength Sintered Steels@; J. TENGZELIUS, S.-E. GREK and C.-A. BLANDE, @Limitations and Possibilities in the Utilization of Chromium and Manganese as Alloying Elements in High-Strength Sintered Steels@; A. SALAK, @High-Strength Sintered Manganese Steel@; R.A. QUEENEY, @Stable and Unstable Crack Growth in Sintered and Infiltrated P/M Steels@; C.Y. JIA, W.H. HAI and L.X. YU, @Properties of P/M High-Speed Steel@; A. DE IORIO, @Influence of Iron-Base Type, Density, Composition and Testing Procedure on KIc of Sintered Steels@; D.H. RO and E. KLAR, @Corrosion Behavior of P/M Austenitic Stainless Steels@; M. OHRING, P.W. TAUBENBLAT, W.E. SMITH and R.S. OSWALD, @The Role of Tellurium in Free-Machining P/M Steels@; M. GORANSSON, H.-G. LARSSON and A. HEDE, @Breakthrough in Special Steel Production by P/M@; R.M. GERMAN, @The Critical Role of Titanium in Hot Isostatically Pressed Maraging Steels@; A. CHENG, D. APELIAN, A. LAWLEY, W.E. SMITH and P.W. TAUBENBLAT, @Effect of Powder Characteristics on the Structure and Properties of Copper-Base P/M Bearings@; P.C. CHEN and E. KLAR, @New Copper Infiltrating Powders@; I.H. MOON, S.L. LEE and J.S. LEE, @Effect of Cobalt Addition on the Sinterability of the WC/Cu Electrical Contact Material@; N.C. KOTHARI, @Influence of Zinc Addition on Strength Properties of Sintered Copper -- Tin -- Nickel Bronze Alloys@; K.E. GEARY and F.R. SAUERWINE, @Lithium Straining of Brass P/M Parts@; G. JANGG and W.J. HUPPMANN, @The Production of Dispersion-Strengthened Aluminum Parts by Powder Forging@; J. GROSCH and G.J. BROCKMANN, @Properties of Cold Extruded Aluminum/Al2O3 Powder Materials@; D. RAYBOULD, @Wear Resi stance of Dynamically Compacted Aluminum -- Steel and Aluminum -- Steel -- Lead Mixtures@; D.P. VOSS, @Powder Metallurgy Processing of High-Strength Commercial Aluminum Alloys@; D.J. SKINNER, R. KER, M.J. KOCZAK and A. LAWLEY, @The Aging Response of a High-Strength P/M Aluminum Alloy@; J.D. GENEROUS, @Aluminum P/M Applications in Business Machines@; H. SHIMIZU and W.M. GIBBON, @Green and Sintered Compacts of Ti -- 6Al -- 4V Powders@; F.H. GROES, D. EYLON and Y. MAHAJAN, @The Effect of Microstructure and Microstructural Integrity on the Mechanical Properties of Ti -- 6Al -- 4V P/M Products@; P.J. ANDERSEN, et al., @Fracture Behavior of Blended Elemental P/M Titanium Alloys@; P.S. GILMAN and G.H. GESSINGER, @The Superplastic Hot Pressing of Ti6Al4V Powders@. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Nonferrous alloys, Powder technology Sec. Head.: 72 (SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS) Y023032 49 787254 81-540829 Powder Metal Sintering with UCAR HTS. Gaines, G W; Kohler, R H Met. Powder Rep., 36, (1), 19-22 Jan. 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8111 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. A substitute sintering atmosphere (UCAR HTS) for endothermic gases is reported which consists of pure N and methanol. The pure grade of methanol used (UCAR HTF) decomposes in a sintering furnace to form CO and H, and separate control of the flows of N and UCAR HTF allows the atmospheric composition to be varied to meet process requirements. An atmosphere typically contains 24% combustibles (8% CO and 16% H) with very low amounts of CO2 and H2O. Reduction of oxide on the Fe powder before sintering is favoured by these concentrations. UCAR HTS is more reproducible than endothermic gas and sintering results from the two atmospheres in several belt furnaces show that UCAR HTS gives better sintering and often faster sintering rates. Overall cost of UCAR HTS atmosphere is usually less than the existing cost of endothermic atmospheres.--E.J.S. Desc.: Metal powders; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Controlled atmospheres; Nitrogen; Copper, Alloying elements; Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Nickel steels, Powder technology; Carbon steels, Powder technology Alloy Index (Identifier): Fe-0.6C-1.5Ni, Fe-0.6C-4Ni, SAN/ Fe-0.8C, SCH/ Fe-0.8C-7Cu, Fe-0.9C-2.5Cu, FE, SA Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 50 786970 81-511180 Thumbnail Guide to Nonferrous Metalworking. Heilman, P M Mach. Des., 53, (17), 77-80 23 July 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8111 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. At one time, the major manufacturing options were fairly simple, and decisions among processes were clear cut. Various process refinements and material savings from near-net-shape parts being made directly from the primary forming process has made the choice of manufacturing process more difficult with nonferrous parts. A thumbnail guide to process selection factors for sand castings, plaster-mold castings, investment castings, die castings, screw machined parts, powder metal parts and forgings is presented. Aluminum and Cu alloys and typical applications are given for each process. Process selection factors given are tooling cost, part size, part weight, cost, economical run size, lead time, typical tool life and typical surface finish.--G.G.M. Desc.: Aluminum base alloys, Metal working; Copper base alloys, Metal working; Sand casting; Die casting; Powder metallurgy; Forging Alloy Index (Identifier): 208, 319, 6061, 2011, AL/ CA377, CA485, 82-14-351, CU Sec. Head.: 51 (FOUNDRY) Y023032 51 785687 81-313931 Combating Heat in U-Joints. Schwerdlin, H; Roberts Jr, C Mach. Des., 53, (17), 83-86 23 July 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8111 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. The simplest universal joints, such as pin-and-block types, rely on plain-bearing action at the pin/yoke interfaces to support sliding motion. These joints are intended for drives that are not subjected to high loads and high speeds concurrently. Needle bearing U-joints are usually required when heavy loads, high operating speeds and large misalignments must be accommodated. Needle U-joints have lower torque capacity and are more expensive than similar plain bearing types. Research has shown that service life of the plain-bearing joints can be improved by the following: using center blocks of powdered metal that act as oil reservoirs; special solid lubricants such as graphite suspended in oil to reduce wear; tighter tolerances on mating bearing services; and increasing heat dissipating capabilities. Thermographs, mathematical calculations and drawings illustrate these U-joint improvements.--G.G.M. Desc.: Universal joints, Service life; Wear rate, Temperature effects; Heat transfer; Copper base alloys, Mechanical properties; Lubrication Sec. Head.: 31 (MECHANICAL PROPERTIES) Y023032 52 783628 81-540738 Experimental Investigation of the Frictional Behavior of Sintered Metal Friction Materials Under Contaminated Conditions. (Pamphlet). Sommer, H J; III; Cusano, C Pp 6 Publ: American Society of Lubrication Engineers, 838 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, Ill. 60068, 1981 Report No.: ASLE Preprint No. 81-AM-7D-3 Jrnl Ann.: 8110 Doc. Type: REPORT Lang.: Eng. Frictional behavior of some sintered-metal friction materials (Cu, Fe and Ni) experimentally investigated with contaminated rubbing surfaces (4140 and 17-22AS steels). The contaminants used are water, hydraulic fluid, grease and grit. Constant speed drag tests, at a speed of 12.2 m/s are used to obtain fricton data. The coefficient of friction data obtained under contaminated conditions are compared to the data obtained when no contaminants are introduced on the rubbing surfaces. With the rubbing surfaces contaminated, dramatic coefficient of friction losses, with quick-to-prolonged recovery to near-full uncontaminated coefficient of friction levels, are observed. As expected, the time required for the coefficient of friction of the contaminated surfaces to approx. recover to the coefficient of friction of the same surfaces under uncontaminated conditions depends on the contaminants used.7 refs.--AA Desc.: Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties; Low alloy steels, Mechanical properties; Friction; Contamination; Copper, Powder technology; Iron, Powder technology; Nickel, Powder technology Alloy Index (Identifier): 4140, SAC/ 17-22AS, SACM Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 53 775409 81-540578 Prediction of Strength and Ductility of Sintered Iron. Oyane, M; Okimoto, K; Shima, S Fifth Polish Conf. on Powder Metallurgy [Proc. Conf.], Poznan, Poland, Oct. 1979, (I), 1-17 1979 Jrnl Ann.: 8108 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. See Met.A., 8103-72 0099. Sintered pre-forms of a simple shape are joined by infiltration; it is shown that the strength of the joined products is almost the same as that of the conventional unjoined (but infiltrated) products, provided that the process is appropriate. Prediction of the strength of the infiltrated material is discussed. Examples of joined products are shown. Ductility of sintered Fe in various forming processes is investigated. Ductility is evaluated by fracture strain calculated from a fracture criterion for porous materials previously proposed by the authors. The calculated results agree well with experimental results.--AA Desc.: Powder compacts, Joining; Infiltration; Powder compacts, Mechanical properties; Bonding strength; Ductility; Testing; Iron, Powder technology; Particle size distribution; Copper, Powder technology; Density Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 54 775379 81-540548 Introduction to Powder Metallurgy. Stewart, P Met. Australas., 13, (1), 6-8 Jan.-Feb. 1981 Jrnl Ann.: 8108 Doc. Type: ARTICLE Lang.: Eng. Powder metallurgy involves alloying, mixing, compacting and sintering metal powders to produce a product of limited tensile properties but adequate for some applications. Powder production, alloying before and after powder mixing, bonding, compacting, sintering, cooling and surface finishing are described. Compact infiltration, ferrous compositions and product properties are covered.--J.V.R. Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Sintering; Compacting; Powder metallurgy parts Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 55 772625 81-720266 Progress in Powder Metallurgy. Vol. 34 and 35. Hoffmann, J; Cebulak, W; Klar, E Cincinnati, Ohio, 4-6 June 1979 Pp 439, 81/4 x 11 in., Illustrated, dollars U.S. 56.00 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8107 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Contents: H.S. NAYAR, @Status Report on Energy Consumption and Distribution in the P/M Industry (1976) (U.S.)@; F.L. HOLDEN, @Designing Sintering Furnaces and Atmospheres for Energy Savings@; J.S. BECKER, @Energy-Saving Applications of Industrial Gases@; W.T. SULLIVAN, @The Use and Application of Miniature P/M Parts@; J.E. SMUGERESKY and R.M. GERMAN, @Hot Isostatic Pressing of Maraging Steels@; S. ABKOWITZ, @Cold Isostatic Pressing of Complex P/M Shapes -- Titanium and Other Special Metals@; V.N. DiGIAMBATTISTA, @Forming P/M Parts by Consolidation at Atmospheric Pressure@; M. ROBBINS, M.L. GREEN, R.C. SHERWOOD and V.G. LAMBRECHT, JR., @Preparation of Binary and Ternary Alloys From Mixed Oxide Ceramic Preforms@; M.J. KOCZAK and P. AGGARWAL, @The Effects of Particle Size and Density on the Mechanical Properties of Sintered Iron and Iron/Phosphorus Alloys@; K.H. MOYER, M.J. TOPOLSKI, M.J. McDERMOTT and P. WISNIEWSKI, @Predicting D.C. Properties of P/M Materials@; P. KUMAR and H.S. NAYAR, @P/M Plates of Hard-to-Work Materials@; K.M. KULKARNI, @Characterization and Processibility of High-Speed Tool Steel Powders@; W.V. KNOPP, @Graphite Influence on P/M Steel Processing Parameters@; D.L. HOUCK, @Powders for Plasma Spray Coatings@; G. ALLEN, S.K. CHATTERJEE, C.A. MACKAY and W.B. HAMPSHIRE, @Warm Pressed Alloys of Copper With Tin and Tin -- Lead@; J.S. BECKER, @Comparison of Endothermic (Generated) and Nitrogen-Based Sintering Atmospheres@; H.R. McCURDY and W.B. AUFDERHAAR, @An Advanced P/M Material for High-Tensile, Impact and Hardness Applications@; A. CROWSON, @Surface Porosity in P/M Steel Forgings@; G. SCHLIEPER, F. THUMMLER and G. ZAPF, @Development and Applications of Heat Treated P/M Steels Containing Manganese, Chromium, Vanadium and Molybdenum@; R.E. SANDERS, JR., and W.L. OTTO, JR., @The Fatigue Resistance of High-Strength 7XXX P/M Aluminum Alloy Extrusions@; H.W. ANTES, A. LAWLEY and M.J. KOCZAK, @Fatigue Properties of a Powder Forged High-Strength Aluminum Alloy@; C.C. LAW and M.J. BLACKBURN, @Joining of Nickel-Base Superalloys by Hot Isostatic Pressing@; S. MOCARSKI and D.W. HALL, @High-Temperature Sintering of Ferrous Powder Metal in Nitrogen-Base Atmospheres@; W. McKINLEY and H.S. NAYAR, @Safety Considerations in Sintering Atmospheres@; R.W. HECKEL, @Effects of Gas Composition on Gas -- Solid Equilibrium During Sintering of Ferrous Powder@; J.M. CAPUS, @Energy Aspects of Iron Powder Production@. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Ceramics, Powder technology Sec. Head.: 72 (SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS) Y023032 56 772621 81-720262 New Perspective in Powder Metallurgy: Vol. 7, Copper Base Powder Metallurgy. Taubenblat, P W Pp 232, 61/4 x 93/4 in., Illustrated, dollars U.S. 42.00 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8107 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Contents: W.L. ULLRICH, @Production of Copper and Copper-Base Alloy Powders@; V.T. MORGAN, @Copper Powder Metallurgy for Bearings@; J.I. FARMER, @The Metallography of Bronze P/M Materials@; P.E. MATTHEWS, @Brass and Nickel Silver Powders@; A. STOSUY, @Copper Additions to Iron Base P/M Products@; P.W. TAUBENBLAT and W.E. SMITH, @Infiltration of Iron P/M Parts@; P.W. TAUBENBLAT, @Production and Properties of High-Conductivity Copper P/M Parts@; W.A. NYSTROM, @Copper in Sliding Electrical Contacts@; A. LAWLEY, @Copper and Copper-Base P/M Specialty Alloys@; R. MERHAR, @Consolidation of Powders@; F.V. LENEL, @Fundamentals in Sintering@; H.D. AMBS, @Powder Metallurgy Standards@. Desc.: Powder metallurgy; Copper, Powder technology Sec. Head.: 72 (SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS) Y023032 57 771933 81-540469 Comparison of Endothermic (Generated) and Nitrogen-Based Sintering Atmospheres. Becker, J S Progress in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 34-35, Cincinnati, Ohio, 4-6 June 1979 229-249 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8107 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. Powder metal parts are sintered in a protective atmosphere for two critical reasons: the atmosphere must prevent oxidation of the parts (discoloration and blistering) while also reducing oxides already present in the powder before sintering, and the atmosphere must provide an acceptable carbon potential to prevent excessive C loss from the green parts. Several generated atmospheres meet these basic requirements. Nitrogen-based atmospheres have also been found to meet these requirements. These atmospheres and the properties of parts sintered in them (Ancor steel 1000, Al201AB, bronze and brass) are compared. It also discusses operating considerations, the problems associated with lubricant removal and recommended N-based blends for various operations.--AA Desc.: Controlled atmospheres; Sintering; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Aluminum base alloys, Powder technology; Alloy steels, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Mechanical properties Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 58 771921 81-540457 The Use and Application of Miniature P/M Parts. Sullivan, W T Progress in Powder Metallurgy, Vol. 34-35, Cincinnati, Ohio, 4-6 June 1979 63-67 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, 105 College Rd. E., Princeton, N.J. 08540, 1980 Jrnl Ann.: 8107 Doc. Type: BOOK Lang.: Eng. For many years, the P/M industry has avoided production of parts with small holes and thin walls. In the last several years, Asco Sintering Co. has successfully produced a variety of parts that represent a significant advance in the production of small structural P/M parts. A wide range of materials has been used, including high-density Cu, SS-316-P and SS-316-R stainless steel, CZP-0228-T leaded brass, CT-0010-R bronze, CZ-1818-U nickel silver, FC-0208-R Cu alloy steel, FN-0205-S Ni alloy steel and FX-2008-T Cu infiltrated steel. The type of parts produced have ranged from very simple shapes to quite intricate and detailed parts. Production quantities have run from as few as 1000 parts/order to as high as several million/order.--AA Desc.: Ferrous alloys, Powder technology; Copper base alloys, Powder technology; Powder metallurgy parts, Design Alloy Index (Identifier): 316, SSA/ FX2008T, FC0208R, FN0205S, FE/ CZP0228T, CUBRA/ CT0010R, CUBRO/ CZ1818U, CU Sec. Head.: 54 (POWDER TECHNOLOGY) Y023032 59 771882 81-540418 Consolidation of Powders. Merhar, R New Perspectives in Powder Metallurgy: Vol. 7, Copper Base Powder Metallurgy, 173-185 Publ: Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, N.J. 08540