Y022108 1
1426341 N86-15156
Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1984
NAIL, K., JR. (New World Service, Inc.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy (John F.) Space Center, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Corp. Source Code: ND105229
Pub. Date: Jun. 1985 102P.
Report No.: NASA-TM-87531; NAS 1.15: 87531
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A06/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: ST?R8605
In his third State of the Union address, President Reagan told NASA to develop a permanent manned spce station in 10 years. The President also ordered the Department of Transportation to help private firms launch rocKets, thus introducing the commercialization of space. There were five space shuttle and six expendable vehicle launches in 1984. Materials were selected from a number of published sources. The document records KSC events of interest to historians and other researchers. Arrangement is by month; items are by date of the published sources. Actual date of the event may be indicated in parenthesis, when the article itself does not make that information explicit. (Author)
Desc.: *CHRONOLOGY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; *SPACE STATIONS; DOCUMENTATION; EVENTS; HISTORIES
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)
COSATI Code: 5A Administration & Management

Y022108 2
1425059 A86-17321
EVA operations (from Space Station)
HERRALA, T. W. (United Technologies Corp., Hamilton Standard Div., Windsor Locks, CT)
IN: Permanent presence - Making it work; Proceedings of the Twenty-second Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, March 15, 16, 1984 (A86-17315 05-12). San Diego, CA, Univelt, Inc., 1985, p. 71-80.
Pub. Date: 1985
Report No.: AAS PAPER 84-119
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
The applications of EVA of board the Space Station are considered. The history of EVA operations in space is reviewed, with emphasis given to the Gemini, Apollo, and Shuttle missions. Some improvements in extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) technology are discussed, including: nonvent thermal control and CO2 control; heads-up audiovisual logistics displays; and radiation protection. The operational requirements of EVA on board Space Station are discussed, with attention given to: platform maintenance; satellite servicing; and scientific operations. An exploded-view diagram of a prototype EMU for Space Station is provided. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY; *SPACE STATIONS; BUOYANCY; EXTRAVEHICULAR MOBILITY UNITS; HISTORIES; OPERATIONS; SIMULATION; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 3
1425058 A86-17320
Human roles in future space systems
WOLBERS, H. L. (McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., Huntington Beach, CA)
IN: Permanent presence - Making it work; Proceedings of the Twenty-second Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, March 15, 16, 1984 (A86-17315 05-12). San Diego, CA, Univelt, Inc., 1985, p. 57-69.
Pub. Date: 1985 6 Refs.
Report No.: AAS PAPER 84-117
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
U.S. and Soviet space programs to date have graphically demonstrated the value of humans working in space. The point at issue is to determine where, along the continuum from direct manual intervention to completely automated operations, the mission requirements of future space programs can best be met. The criteria of performance, cost, and risk (mission success probability) are suggested as the principal factors by which program or project managers and systems engineers should select the most effective approach to meeting specific mission objectives. Examples of the application of these criteria are presented. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ASTRONAUT PERFORMANCE; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACECREWS ; COSTS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ORBITAL ASSEMBLY; RISK; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 4 FLIGHT
Sub. Class.: 7554 Man/System Technology & Life Support (1975-)

Y022108 4
1425056 A86-17318
Space station program operations - Making it work
PARKER, G. R. (NASA, Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy (John F.) Space Center, Cocoa Beach, Fla.
Corp. Source Code: ND105229
IN: Permanent presence - Making it work; Proceedings of the Twenty-second Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, March 15, 16, 1984 (A86-17315 05-1?). San Diego, CA, Univelt, Inc., 1985, p. 31-35.
Pub. Date: 1985
Report No.: AAS PAPER 84-112
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
The Space Station Program (SSP) will consist, in part, of a permanently orbiting facility composed of a mix of manned and unmanned elements. To insure that such a facility will be an operationally viable and productive one, capable of performing a myriad of assigned missions, special attention must be given to the following operational disciplines during the design and development of the SSP systems and subsystems: (1) Automation/Autonomy, (2) Customer Interfaces/Operations, (3) Habitability/Crew Productivity, (4) Maintainability, and (5) Logistics. In order to properly address these disciplines, from an operations point of view, the Director of the Space Station Task Force (SSTF) formed the Operations Working Group (OWG) in July 1982, and chartered this group to develop the top level operational technical and management-approach philosophies and requirements for the SSP. This paper attempts to summarize the results and conclusions reached by the OWG after an 18 month intensive study effort. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE STATIONS; AUTOMATION; HABITABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE MAINTENANCE
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 5
1425054 A86-17316
Electrophoresis perations in space for pharmaceutical processing
RICHMAN, D. W. (McDonnell Douglas Corp., St. Louis, MO)
IN: Permanent presence - Making it work; Proceedings of the Twenty-second Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, March 15, 16, 1984 (A86-17315 05-12). San Diego, CA, Univelt, Inc., 1985, p. 11-16.
Pub. Date: 1985
Report No.: AAS PAPER 84-107
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
Electrophoresis experiments on board Shuttle are reviewed, with emphasis given to the pharmaceutical processing applications of electrophoresis in zero-gravity. In its first demonstration on the fourth flight of the Shuttle in June 1982, a protein sample was separated that contained five hundred times more protein than would have been possible on earth. The chamber used for the separation has been flown on five additional Shuttle missions to further demonstrate the advantages of space-based pharmaceutical processing. Development of a scaled-up Production Prototype electrophoresis chamber for the Shuttle Payload Bay is described in detail.
Attention is also given to the long range goals of NASA's Electrophoresis Operations in Space (EOS) program which is to install a production unit on board an earth orbiting facility, such as Space Station, by the year 1989. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ELECTROPHORESIS; *PHARMACOLOGY; *PROTEINS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE PROCESSING; SEPARATION; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 4 FLIGHT
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 6
1425053 A86-17315
Permanent presence - Making it work; Proceedings of the Twenty-second Goddard Memorial Symposium, Greenbelt, MD, March 15, 16, 1984 (role of future Space Station)
BEDEY, I., ED. (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Symposium sponsored by AAS. San Diego, CA, Univelt, Inc. (Science and Technology Series. Volume 60), 1985, 188 p. For individual items see A86-17316 to A86-17324.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang. En.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Publ.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
Among the topics discussed are: electrophoresis operations in space for pharmaceutical processing; Space Station program operations; and Space Station platform configurations. Consideration is also given to: the human role in future space systems; EVA operations; spherical shell applications; and a container material for alloy processing in near-zero gravity. Among additional topics discussed are: Space Station platform thermal control; environmental control and life support for an evolving capability manned Space Station; and the commercial prospects of the Space Station. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CONFERENCES; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE STATIONS; ELECTROPHORESIS; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL; EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY; METALLURGY ; REUSABLE SPACECRAFT; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACECRAFT POWER SUPPLIES; TEMPERATURE CONTROL
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 7
1425052 A86-17314
A summary of potential designs of space stations and platforms
KLINE, R.; MCCAFFREY, R.; STEIN, D. B. (Grumman Aerospace Corp., Bethpage, NY)
IN: Space stations and space platforms - Concepts, design, infrastructure and uses (A86-17301 05-12). New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985, p. 267-351.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: ANALYTIC OF COLLECTED WORK. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
This chapter discusses the potential designs and characteristics of space stations and space platforms, and describes the ability to fulfill currently defined objectives through the year 2000. A definition of mission requirements leads to the functional requirements of the unmanned platform and manned Space Station. The chapter also describes in detail the major design issues that drive the base configuration and its respective systems for crew habitation, berthing/docking and logistics, satellite and upper-stage vehicle servicing, command, control, and communications, base resources, and platform commonality. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE MISSIONS; *SPACE PLATFORMS; *SPACECRAFT DESIGN; ALTITUDE; COMMAND AND CONTROL; REQUIREMENTS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION; SPACECRAFT CONFIGURATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 8
1425050 A86-17312
The potential of materials processing using the space environment
ROSE, J. T.; FITZPATRICK, T. D. (McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co., St. Louis, MO)
IN: Space stations and space platforms - Concepts, design, infrastructure and uses (A86-1?301 05-12). New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985, p. 167-200.
Pub. Date: 1985 11 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: ANALYTIC OF COLLECTED WORK. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
The scientific, economic, structural, and political problems and advantages of material processing in space (MPS) are discussed. The microgravity environment provides the setting for new developments in biological materials, metal alloys and composites, and semiconductor crystals and glasses. The benefits of the Space Shuttle for MPS are described. A review of the history of MPS in the U.S. and abroad is presented. The electrophoresis operations in space (EOS) project is examined; the problems encountered with static electrophoresis and continuous flow elelctrophoresis on earth, and the increases in concentration, flow rate, and purity provided by EOS are studied. The economic and commercial advantages possible by conducting EOS and MPS within the Space Station are investigated. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ELECTROPHORESIS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE PROCESSING; CONVECTION CURRENTS; HISTORIES; PHARMACOLOGY; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 9
1425045 A86-17307
Introduction - Space Station and platform roles in supporting future space endeavors
HERMAN, D. H. (NASA, Office of Space Station, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
IN: Space stations and space platforms - Concepts, design, infrastructures and uses (A86-17301 05-12). New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985, p. 85-88.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: ANALYTIC OF COLLECTED WORK. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
The function of the Space Station and a platform is studied. The development of an earth observing instrument platform in a near-polar geosynchronous orbit to provide data about the earth is examined. The establishment of a permanently manned Space Station will allow development of commercial laboratories. Architectural requirements for servicing, transportation, and assembly on the Space Station are analyzed. The study of physiological and psychological effects due to weightlessness can be conducted on the Space Station. Developments in space knowledge and technology that are possible with the Space Station are discussed. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE PLATFORMS; *SPACE STATIONS; *TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; MANNED SPACECRAFT; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE LABORATORIES
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 10
1425039 A86-17301
Space stations and space platforms - Concepts, design, infrastructure, and uses
BEKEY, I.; HERMAN, D. (NASA, Washington, DC), EDS.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics. Volume 99), 1985, 402 p. For individual items see A86-17302 to A86-17314.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: COLLECTED WORK
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8605
Topics discussed include space infrastructures and early Space Station and platform planning. Consideration is given to the supportive role of the Space Station and platform in future astronomy, earth observation, planetary, and communication space missions. Papers are presented on the history of the Space Station and space platform concepts, potential designs of space stations and space platforms, and long-range plans for space research. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE PLATFORMS; *SPACE STATIONS *SPACECRAFT DESIGN; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EURECA (ESA); HISTORIES; HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE; PLANETOLOGY; SALYUT SPACE STATION; SHUTTLE PALLET SATELLITES; SKYLAB PROGRAM; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACEBORNE ASTRONOMY; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 11
1423931 N86-14213
Emerging aerospace technologies
BALLHAUS, W. F., JR.; MILOV, L. A.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.
Corp. Source Code: NC47357
Pub. Date: Sep. 1985 16P.
Report No.: NASA-TM-86837; REPT-85409; NAS 1.15: 86837
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A02/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8604
The United States Government has a long history of promoting the advancement of technology to strengthen the economy and national defense. An example is NASA, which was formed in 1958 to establish and maintain U.S. space technology leadership. This leadership has resulted in technological benefits to many fields and the establishment of new commercial industries, such as satellite communications. Currently, NASA's leading technology development at Ames Research Center includes the Tilt Rotor XV-15, which provides the versatility of a helicopter with the speed of a turboprop aircraft; the Numerical Aerodynamic Simulator, which is pushing the state of the art in advanced computational mathematics and computer simulation; and the Advanced Automation and Robotics programs, which will improve all areas of space development as well as life on Earth. Private industry is involved in maintaining technological leadership through NASA's Commercial Use of Space Program, which provides for synergistic relationships among government, industry, and academia. The plan for a space station by 1992 has framed much of NASA's future goals and has provided new areas of opportunity for both domestic space technology and leadership improvement of life on Earth. (Author)
Desc.: *DEFENSE INDUSTRY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE STATIONS ; *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; *UNITED STATES; AERODYNAMICS; COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; ROBOTICS; SIMULATION; TILT ROTOR RESEARCH AIRCRAFT PROGRAM
Sub. Class.: 7599 General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 5D History, Law, & Political Science

Y022108 12
1423070 N86-13352
EURECA: An introduction to Europe's free-flying retrievable carrier
LONGDON, N., comp.
European Space Agency, Paris (France).
Corp. Source Code: E6854803
Pub. Date: May 1985 21P.
Announcements: Original contains color illustrations
Report No.: ESA-BR-30; ISSN-0250-1?89
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A02/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8604
The European Retrievable Carrier (EURECA) is a reusable platform launched by the Shuttle, released in a free flying mode for 6 months or more, and then retrieved by the Shuttle Orbiter and returned to Earth. Payload capacity is up to 1000 kg. The first EURECA payload is primarily dedicated to material and life sciences which benefit from the microgravity environment. The versatility of the system is demonstrated by the fact that a quarter of the payload weight is taken up by space science and technological experiments. The EURECA provides an excellent test bed to demonstrate in-flight technologies such as direct data relay from low Earth orbits via geostationary satellites to a central operations center, rendezvous and docking, and in-orbit servicing. Earth observation possibilities, and commercial applications (new materials, crystal growth, proteins, and pharmaceutical products) are numerous. (Author (ESA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: ESA
Desc.: *EURECA (ESA); *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *PAYLOAD RETRIEVAL (STS); *SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; *SPACECRAFT DESIGN; EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE); EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE MANUFACTURING; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACE SHUTTLES
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 13
1422752 A86-15942
Government in action - The role of political science in outer space activities
GALLOWAY, E. (International Academy of Astroneutics; International Institute of Space Law, Washington, DC)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 8 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985 18 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-49
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
In this paper political science is examined as one of the social sciences in the context of the impact of science and technology on society. The ways in which political science concepts are involved in multidisciplinary space projects are explained by examples from U.S. experience, particularly when decisions were made in 1957-58 on organization of the government for conducting space activities. Analysis is made of the roles in space activities of the President, Vice President, Executive agencies, and the Congress (Senate and House of Representatives). (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA SPACE PROGRAMS; *POLICIES; *POLITICS; *SOCIAL FACTORS *SPACE EXPLORATION; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MILITARY OPERATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE LAW; UNITED STATES
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 14 
1422714 A86-15904
Insurance and the commercialization of space
SMITH, M. S. (U.S. National Commission on Space, Washington, DC)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 5 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985 11 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-434
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
A factor which may play an increasingly important role in the commercialization of space is the price of insurance coverage for space activities. Many companies and countries may prove unwilling to invest in the development of space if they are usable to obtain insurance for reasonable cost. Recent losses of communications satellites have raised insurance rates and caused at least one company to withdraw from the satellite insurance business entirely, and another to partially withdraw. A number of options are now being discussed to deal with the rising insurance rates, including self-insurance, partial insurance, and having the government serve as an insurer of last resort. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *LEGAL LIABILITY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; INTELSAT SATELLITES
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 15
1422713 A86-15903
Technology programs and related policies - Impacts on communications satellite business ventures
GREENBERG, J. S. (Princeton Synergetics, Inc., Princeton, NJ)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 13 p. NASA-sponsored research.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-433
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
The DOMSAT II stochastic communication satellite business venture financial planning simulation model is described. The specification of business scenarios and the results of several analyses are presented. In particular, the impacts of NASA on-orbit propulsion and power technology programs are described. The effects of insurance rates and self-insurance and of the use of the Space Shuttle and Ariane transportation systems on a typical fixed satellite service business venture are discussed. (C.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *DOMESTIC SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS; *FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; GALLIUM ARSENIDES; ION ENGINES; SOLAR CELLS
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 16
1422712 A86-1590
Commercialization of space - A comprehensive approach
MAEHL, R. C. (RCA, Astro-Electronics Div., Princeton, NJ)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 6 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-431
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
The role of the government and private industries in the commercialization of space is investigated. The government needs to provide funding, stimulate research and development, and establish regulations, and industries need to develop areas which will provide profitable investments.
The three phases of the evolution of space activities, which are high tech R and D, the development of infrastructure, and the establishment of the industry, are described. The relationship between NASA's policies, the joint endeavor agreement, and the stages of the evolution of space activities is analyzed; a balance between investment and profit needs to be established. Two examples of existing space commercialization, the American commercial Landsat venture, and developments in the low altitude commercial platforms for material processing and scientific missions are presented ( I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; LANDSAT SATELLITES; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE MANUFACTURING
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 17
1422711 A86-15901
Space commercialization in the United States - A status report
LOGSDON, J. M. (George Washington University, Washington, DC)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 16 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985 16 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-430
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
The problems encountered and areas of developments in space commercialization in the U.S. are analyzed. Developments such as, reductions in projected payoffs from space commercialization, the incurred losses and increased cost to a business for space activities, the slow development of material processing in space, and the limited areas for investment, which have led to reduced interest and investment in space commercialization, are discussed. Emphasis must be placed on the process of developing the research base and infrastructure required for commercialization of space. The future use of the Space Shuttle and its pricing are investigated. The incorporation of the proper requirements into a Space Station is studied. The establishment of an Office of Commercial Programs to direct and control NASA's space commercialization policies is discussed. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *UNITED STATES ; NASA SPACE PROGRAMS; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 18
1422710 A86-15900
Commercializing government systems - The expendable launch vehicle
DORN, J. L. (DOT, Office of Commercial Space Transportation, Washington, DC)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 9 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-429
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
The commercialization of the expendable launch vehicle (ELV) is described. The role of government in commercialization of the ELV, which is to deregulate the industry, is examined. The creation of the Office of Commercial Space Transportation to license commercial space vehicles within the guidelines of public health and safety, national security, and foreign policy is discussed. The required licensing of the ELV is divided into mission and operation. The mission review process which involves receiving approval from the required agencies is examined. The certification of the launch operator in order to ensure safety is discussed. The need for third party liability insurance and the problems encountered are analyzed. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EXPENDABLE STAGES (SPACECRAFT); *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; LEGAL LIABILITY; REGULATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; UNITED STATES
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 19
1422709 A86-15899
Commercialization of space activities
GILLAM, I. T. IV
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 12 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985 6 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-428
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
Areas for private investment and the stimulation of private involvement in space activities are studied. Commercial uses for space include: (1) material processing, (2) space-based communication links, (3) data and imagery from earth and navigation and position location services, (4) in-space infrastructure services, and (5) space transportation. All these potential areas of investment are described and examples are presented. NASA's principles which encourage and stimulate free enterprise in space are discussed. The implementation of these principles in order to reduce technical, financial and institutional risks is examined. The role of the Office of Commercial Programs in commercializing space is analyzed. The NASA program which provides assistance in the utilization of aerospace technology is described. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *POLICIES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 20
1422703 A86-15893
The economics of space launchers - Outlook for the future
MUGNIER, D. (CNES, Evry, France)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 6 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-420
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT . Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
It is noted that, at present, the fees charged by both NASA for Space Shuttle launchings and ESA for Ariane launches do not reflect the actual cost of such operations; they are instead defined by the need of the U.S. and Western Europe to establish and expand markets for future commercial exploitation. The recovery of launch system development costs cannot, however, be indefinitely postponed, especially in view of the coming development of the reusable upper stage, Hermes. Protections are made in the present economic study which indicate that the Ariane 5 launch vehicle or a derivative will continue to profitably launch commercial satellites until the year 2010. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AAIA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; *HERMES MANNED SPACEPLANE; *LAUNCH VEHICLES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; COST ANALYSIS; REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES; SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 21
1422702 A86-15892
The Space Shuttle and expendable launch systems - A U.S. commercial customer perspective
SAVAGE, M.; CHAGNON, R. (COMSAT, Washington, DC)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 10 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-419
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
The development of space transportation systems for commercial satellite launches is reviewed. A comparison of the Ariane system with the Space Shuttle is presented. The performance capability, reliability, and availability of the two systems are analyzed; the Ariane 4 is capable of launching payloads of 1900-4200 kg into transfer orbits and is better positioned than the Shuttle to handle commercial payloads greater than 1,00 kg. The insurance costs, and spacecraft and launcher integration complexity for the two systems are discussed. The launch cost and postponement penalties are studied. NASA's launch cost is based on the length or mass of the payload multiplied by the fixed Shuttle cost, with Ariane attempting to keep prices $1-3 million lower, in order to be competitive with the Shuttle. NASA offers one free postponement and penalties as high as 55 percent; Ariane's penalties range from 6-18 percent of the launch price. The need for lower prices, an easier integration process, customer convience, and less severe postponement and reflight policies in order for the space transportation systems to be commercially useful, is discussed. ( I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *EXPENDABLE STAGES (SPACECRAFT); *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COMPARISON; COST ANALYSIS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 22
142270 A86-15860
The M-SAT space segment - Evolution to a commercial program
KIDD, A. M.; LEWIS, J. G.; MOODY, H. J.; MORGAN, C. F. (Spar Aerospace, Ltd., Sainte Anne de Bellevue, Canada)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 11 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-?68
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Canada
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
This paper describes trade-off studies performed to develop a project definition for the space segment of a mobile satellite communication system. The studies cover a range of spacecraft concepts from a minimal entry system to more ambitious systems which can support a large number of users. Although present planning is directed toward a joint regional system formed by cooperation between U.S. and Canadian companies, the concepts presented here can be applied equally well to a national system. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CANADIAN SPACECRAFT; *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS; *SATELLITE NETWORKS; BLOCK DIAGRAMS; PAYLOADS; REFLECTORS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 23
1422450 A86-15640
Towards an European in-orbit infrastructure ( manned space station planning)
BOUILLOT, J.-C.; PERARD, A. (CNES, Paris, France)
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 7 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-55
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
Attention is given to the prospective performance and design features of the Columbus space station, Ariane 5 booster, and Hermes reusable manned spacecraft, which will significantly enhance European capabilities in space. These three programs are envisioned as constituting a manned spaceflight infrastructure capable of long term development and expansion in the direction of space commercialization. The Ariane booster/Hermes orbiter system, in particular, is anticipated to be capable of yielding significant reductions in cost/kg to orbit. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COST REDUCTION; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; DESIGN ANALYSIS HERMES MANNED SPACEPLANE; PERFORMANCE TESTS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 24
1422421 A86-15611
The Space Station program definition and preliminary systems design - Recent developments
FREITAG, R. F. (NASA, Office of Space Station, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
IAF, International Astronautical Congress, 36th, Stockholm, Sweden, Oct. 7-12, 1985. 12 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985
Report No.: IAF PAPER 85-18
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8604
It is pointed out that space stations represent a major vehicle for accomplishing many things mankind envisions for space activities. Thus, space stations have become necessary stepping-off points for deep-space expeditions, and it is expected that they will lead eventually to the permanent occupancy of another planet. The present paper provides a report regarding planning activities in the U.S. and in other countries which have made significant progress in making a permanent Space Station a reality. The Space Station will consist of manned base and associated platforms, as well as collateral support equipment. The purpose of the program definition and preliminary design activities (Phase B) is to arrive at the baseline configuration before initiating actual hardware development. Details of the program plan are discussed along with user considerations in design, the commercialization of space, design issues, operations, and Space Station evolution. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MANNED SPACE FLIGHT; *MISSION PLANNING; *NASA SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; *SPACECRAFT DESIGN; LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 25
1421237 N86-13230
Federal government provision of third-party liability insurance to space vehicle users
Final Report
ECON, Inc., Alexandria, Va
Corp. Source Code: ED782198
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985 138P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176346; NAS 1.26: 176346; ECON-84-101
Contract No.: NASW-3339
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A07/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8603
Support decisions concerning the provision by the Federal Government of third-party liability insurance for commercial space activities were studied. The practices associated with third-party liability insurance in the marine, aviation, and electric utility industries in addition to those industries associated with space missions were reviewed. Theoretical considerations of rate setting are discussed and a methodology to determine the period of time over which the insurers of each industry intend to set aside reserves to recover from a maximum liability loss should one occur is introduced. The data were analyzed to determine the setaside period in each industry, and to suggest reasonable standards from the insurer's point of view. Criteria for Federal provision of insurance are discussed, an interpretation of the Price-Anderson Act, determinants of the availability of commercial insurance, potential insurer liability, and measures of reasonableness for premium rates from the user's point of view are presented. Options available to the government regarding third part liability protection are presented. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *LEGAL LIABILITY; *LOSSES; *PAYLOADS; LAW (JURISPRUDENCE); MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS; REGULATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)
COSATI Code: 5C Economics

Y022108 26
1420250 N86-12243
Marketing the use of the space environment for the processing of biological and pharmaceutical materials
Final Report
ECON, Inc., Alexandria, Va.
Corp. Source Code: ED782198
Pub. Date: Apr. 1984 162P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176334; NAS 1.26: 176334; ECON-81-110
Contract No.: NASW-3339
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A08/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8603
The perceptions of U.S. biotechnololy and pharmaceutical companies concerning the potential use of the space environment for the processing of biological substances was examined. Physical phenomena that may be important in space-base processing of biological materials are identified and discussed in the context of past and current experiment programs. The capabilities of NASA to support future research and development, and to engage in cooperative risk sharing programs with industry are discussed. Meetings were held with several biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies to provide data for an analysis of the attitudes and perceptions of these industries toward the use of the space environment. Recommendations are made for actions that might be taken by NASA to facilitate the marketing of the use of the space environment, and in particular the Space Shuttle, to the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. (Author)
Desc.: *BIOTECHNOLOGY; *PHARMACOLOGY; *RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS; DRUGS; MEDICAL SCIENCE; SPACE SHUTTLE; TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 27
1418295 N86-12162
Commercialization of space: National policy and defense needs
Student Report
TAYLOR, J. J.
Air Command and Staff Coll., Maxwell AFB, Ala.
Corp. Source Code: AH592660
Pub. Date: Apr. 1985 57P.
Report No.: AD-A156517; ACSC-85-2675
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A04/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8602
This report evaluates potential impacts of commercialization of space on U.S. space policy and space defense needs for the future. Historical trends of U.S. space commercialization and U.S. space policy form a foundation for projecting space commercialization out to the year 2025. The report contains tables and figures of space vehicle launch statistics, satellite launches, satellite lifetimes, capital investment in satellites, revenues from space industry, and other quantitative data. The study concludes that future U.S. space defense must include security needs of U.S. space-based commercial assets. (Author (GRA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: DTIC
Desc.: *AEROSPACE SYSTEMS; *COMMERCE; *POLICIES; *SPACECRAFT DEFENSE; IMPACT PREDICTION; LAUNCHING; SECURITY; SPACE EXPLORATION; UNITED STATES
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 28
1414812 N86-10146
Production of large-particle-size monodisperse latexes in microgravity
VANDERHOFF, J. W. (Lehigh Univ.); MICALE, F. J. (Lehigh Univ.); EL-AASSER, M. S. (Lehigh Univ.); KORNFELD, M.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Corp. Source Code: ND736801
In NASA, Washington Microgravity Sci. and Appl. Program Tasks p 154-155 (SEE N86-10053 01-12)
Pub. Date: May 1985
Contract No.: NAS8-32951
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A10/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8601
A latex is a suspension of very tiny (micrometer-size) plastic spheres in water, stabilized by emulsifiers. The growth of billions of these tiny plastic spheres to sizes larger than can be grown on Earth is attempted while keeping all of them exactly the same size and perfectly spherical. Thus far on several of the Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR) flights, the latex spheres have been returned to Earth with standard deviations of better than 1.4%. In microgravity the absence of buoyancy effects has allowed growth of the balls up to 30 micrometers in diameter thus far. The MLR has now flown 5 times on the Shuttle. The MLR has now produce the first commercial space product; that is the first commercial material ever manufactured in space and marketed on Earth. Once it is demonstrated that these large-size-monodisperse latexes can be routinely produced in quantity and quality, they can be marketed for many types of scientific applications. They can be used in biomedical research for such things as drug carriers and tracers in the body, human and animal blood flow studies, membrane and pore-sizing in the body, and medical diagnostic tests. (Author)
Desc.: *DISPERSIONS; *LATEX; *PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; *POLYSTYRENE; *REDUCED GRAVITY; *SPACE PROCESSING; BUOYANCY; POLYMERIZATION ; SEDIMENTS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE MANUFACTURING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 29
1414547 A86-11022
Is the price right? (NASA philosophy of Shuttle pricing policy)
SMITH, I. V.
Satellite Communications (ISSN 0147-7439), Nov. 1985, p. 26, 27.
Pub. Date: Nov. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8601
NASA's policy regarding the pricing of the Shuttle's services is examined. The auction system which will be used by foreign and commercial companies to obtain a payload slot is discussed; this new policy represents full-cost pricing. The need for NASA to keep prices low in order to compete with other companies and maintain its leadership in space is explained. NASA's payment policy, which requires 100 percent payment over the 33 months prior to launch, makes it difficult for NASA to compete with other companies; changes in the payment schedule, which make it more flexible are described. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *COST ANALYSIS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; DEMAND (ECONOMICS); MARKET RESEARCH
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 30
1412354 A85-49972
Intellectual property and space activities
LUXENBERG, B. (U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC); MOSSINGHOFF, G. J. (Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC)
Journal of Space Law, vol. 13, no. 1, 1985, p. 8-21.
Pub. Date: 1985 31 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8524
The need for protection of data, products, and ideas as the commercialization of space continues is discussed. Some of the international and national laws of space which govern proprietary information and commercialization are presented. The development of laws to protect copyrighted works transmitted by satellite and remote sensing is described. NASA's policy toward intellectual property rights is to protect proprietary interests and encourage industrial participation in commercial space activities. Explanations of these policies are provided. The future property rights to possible inventions made by reimbursable users on the Space Shuttle and the Space Station are examined. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE COMMUNICATION; *SPACE LAW; COPYRIGHTS; NASA PROGRAMS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 31
1412353 A85-49971
NASA and the practice of space law
HOSENBALL, S. N. (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Journal of Space Law, vol. 3, no. 1, 1985, p. 1-7.
Pub. Date: 1985 36 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8524
The paper discusses the need for increased awareness in space law due to advances in space technology and a trend toward commercialization of space.
A list of national and international treaties, conventions, agreements, laws, and regulations relevant to space activities is presented. NASA lawyers specialize in international and municipal laws that affect the NASA space mission; an example of the lawyers working with insurance companies in negotiating the first Space Shuttle liability policy is provided. The increased participation of the public sector in space activities, for example, the commercialization of the Space Shuttle transportation system, is examined. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LAW; LEGAL LIABILITY; OUTER SPACE TREATY
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 32
1409971 N85-34147
Study to encourage and facilitate industrial investment and involvement in space
Final Report
WILSON, J. E.
Wilson (James E.), La Plata, Md.
Corp. Source Code: W3726826
Pub. Date: Feb. 1984 13P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176152; NAS 1.26: 176152
Contract No.: NASW-3873
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A02/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8523
Simple and efficient means to alert the Director, Space Station Commercialization Task Force (DSCTF) and the equivalent director of a permanent office for the same function, to actions required to assure comprehensive support of the NASA objectives for commercial uses of space during the annual budget cycle is described. (G.L.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *FORECASTING; *MANAGEMENT PLANNING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION ; *SPACE STATIONS; AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE MANUFACTURING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 33
1409517 A85-48174
Satellite-aided navigation - Availability and application of the Global Positioning System
Satellitengestuetzte Navigation - Verfuegbarkeit und Anwendung des Global Positioning System
DODEL, H. (ERNO Ru?mfahrtechnik GmbH, Munich, West Germany); STILLER, A. (DFVLR, Cologne, West Germany)
Ortung und Navigation (ISSN 0474-7550), vol. 26, no. 2, 1985, p. 228-239. In German.
Pub. Date: 1985
Language: German
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: Germany, Federal Republic of
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8523
Many experts expect that the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS) will become the principal navigational system of the future and will replace most of the currently existing navigational systems. Such a development will provide a market for a variety of GPS-user devices. The GPS-Navstar system will probably become fully available to users in 1987/88. Applications of the GPS are discussed, taking into account navigation and positioning applications on land in cases involving motor vehicles and trains, navigation and position determination related to Space-Shuttle operations and docking activities in near-earth space, maritime applications, and possibilities for time comparison and clock synchronization. The development of GPS receivers in West Germany is also considered, giving attention to user equipment for a comparison of clocks and for time transfer operations, position-finding apparatus for geodesy and land surveys, navigation devices for civil aviation, and navigation systems for ships. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; *NAVSTAR SATELLITES; *RADIO NAVIGATION; *UTILIZATION; CIVIL AVIATION; CLOCKS; GEODESY; MARINE TRANSPORTATION; MOTOR VEHICLES; RAIL TRANSPORTATION; SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS ; SPACECRAFT DOCKING
Sub. Class.: 7517 Spacecraft Communications, Command & Tracking (1975-)

Y022108 34
1407381 A85-47047
NASA approves fly-now, pay-later plans for orbiting industrial facility
COVAULT, C.
Aviation Week and Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175), vol. 123, Aug. 26, 1985, p. 16, 17.
Pub. Date: Aug. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8522
In a continuing effort to foster the commercialization of space, NASA has entered into an agreement with Space Industries, Inc. to furnish that company with two STS launches which will be paid for in the form of 12 percent of the revenues from the first five years of operation. The payload will be a Shuttle-tended unmanned module for materials processing. NASA also plans to benefit from access to the module and docking facility technologies which will be developed by the commercial organization. This will avoid in-house development costs for NASA. The first module will be 35 ft long and 14.5 ft wide and will cost from $250-500 million to develop. The initial launch is scheduled for 1992. Module power will be furnished by 100-ft long solar cell masts rated at 12 kW. The orbit will be selected to allow operations in concert with the Space Station orbit, thereby facilitating Orbiter visit. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE PROCESSING *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; SPACECRAFT MODULES
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 35
1406151 A85-45817
Space - The long-range future
VON PUTTKAMER, J. (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Spaceflight (ISSN 0038-6340), vol. 27, Sept.-Oct. 1985, p. 348-354.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1985 10 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8522
The Space Shuttle/Space Transportation System (STS) provides the basis for future development toward permanent manned Space Stations, manned access to geostationary orbit (GEO), deployment of large space structures, development of closed-cycle life support systems, and the discovery of greater industrial applications in space. Research must continue in order to make an Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) which would provide manned flights to GEO and the establishment of a lunar base a reality by the year 2000. Beyond the year 2000 there should be advanced complexes in low-earth orbit (LEO), permanently manned scientific and communication stations in GEO, a permanent moon base, manned expeditions to Mars, and a geosynchronous facility. These goals can be achieved through international cooperation; cooperative programs will allow for more research at a faster pack due to joint funding. These advances could lead to improvements in the quality of life on earth and make comfortable space life a reality. (I.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MANNED SPACE FLIGHT; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE STATIONS; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; LUNAR BASES ; SPACE EXPLORATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 36
1406114 A85-45780
Intersputnik - Current status and future options
SHINN, H. R.; SWENSRUD, S. B. (Georgetown University, Washington, DC)
Space Communication and Broadcasting (ISSN 0167-9368), vol. 3, June 1985, p. 159-165.
Pub. Date: Jun. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8522
Current status of the Soviet-sponsored international satellite network (Intersputnik) is reviewed, and recent developments and options for its expansion are analyzed. Satellite network, transponder assignments, and lists of current and potential network members are presented. The recent technological achievements include the use of Ku band transponders; reception of TV signals on a 1.3 m dish; use of delta modulation for telephone transmission satellite; and steerable spot beams. The most likely area for expansion of the network is television transmissions, mainly with explcits of the Third World TV market for one-way flow of documentaries and academic courses, and news exchange. Other options are digital science and data transmission, and international videoconferencing. (I.S.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *SATELLITE NETWORKS; *SOVIET SPACECRAFT; *U.S.S.R. SPACE PROGRAM; DEVELOPING NATIONS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SATELLITE TELEVISION; TELEPHONY
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 37
1401597 N85-31074
Insurance and the commercialization of space
GRAVELLE, J. G.; WHITEMAN, D. L.
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (U. S. Senate).
Corp. Source Code: CX356189
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: 1985 50P.
Publ. Note: Prepared by Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service
Presentation Note: Rept. presented to the Comm. on Com., Sci., and Transportation, 99th Congr., 1st Sess., Mar. 1985
Report No.: S-PRINT-99-16; GPO-44-504
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8520
The space insurance agency acts as a vital agent in facilitating commercial space activities. Recent losses have raised questions about the continued economic viability of the space insurance industry. The short and long term implications of insurance costs on the commercial potential of space is discussed. Also, how insurance rates could affect the ability of domestic commercial space firms and the space shuttle to compete in international markets, is discussed. Government involvement and policy options are considered. (E.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; ACCIDENTS; CASUALTIES; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; FINANCE; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; RISK
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 38
1401441 A85-43206
Contractor and government - Teamwork and commitment
GRIFFIN, G. D. (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Johnson (Lyndon B.) Space Center,
Corp. Source Code: ND052615
IN: White-collar productivity and quality issues; Proceedings of the Symposium on Productivity and Quality; Strategies for Improving Operations in Government and Industry, Washington, DC, September 25, 26, 1984 (A85-43176 20-81). New York, AIAA, 1985, p. 197-201.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8520
Procedures being implemented at NASA to improve cooperation with contractors and increase productivity are reviewed from the NASA point of view. The goals of the U.S. space program for the coming 25 years are listed, and the importance of the commercial utilization of space in these plans is stressed. Consideration is given to the ongoing American Productivity Center White-Collar Productivity-Improvement Project, the implementation of the recommendations of the 1984 NASA/Contractor Conferences in present and future contracts, and the use of incentive contracts to create situations in which both NASA and the contractor benefit from increased productivity. Future plans call for increased industry responsibility in managing and operating the STS; steamlining of Shuttle operations; advanced design-to-cost procedures, increased commonality, better NASA-contractor communications, and more use of CAD/CAM and robotics for the Space Station; and accommodation of greatly expanded private investment and exploitation of space. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CONTRACT MANAGEMENT; *GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; NASA PROGRAMS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 39
1400929 A85-42694
Spacelab and Eureca as a basis for European involvement in the Space Station
MORY, R. (ESA, Directorate of Space Transportation Systems, Paris, France)
ESA Bulletin (ISSN 0376-4265), no. 42, May 1985, p. 30-38.
Pub. Date: May 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8520
The Eureka free-flyer and Spacelab are seen as major contributors to European participation in the Space Station program. A consortium of European manufacturers has invested a billion dollars in Spacelab, which was developed with NASA guidance. Spacelab supports experiments in tribology, fluid physics, crystal growth, biology and metallurgy. Eureka stays in orbit up to 6 mos before retrieval by the Shuttle, is capable of demonstrating the feasibility of Space Station components and technologies, provides co-orbiting unmanned platforms for the Space Station, and serves as a learning tool for payload preparation by European industries. Both the Spacelab and Eureka are prototype elements of the polar-orbiting Columbus components of the Space Station. The Columbus could include pressurized modules and could also co-orbit with the Space Station. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EURECA (ESA); *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACELAB; PAYLOAD INTEGRATION PLAN; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE RENDEZVOUS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; SPACECRAFT DOCKING; SPACECRAFT MODULES
Subj. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 40
1400828 A85-42593
Security implications of the Space Station information system
BURNS, R. W. (ORI, Inc., Rockville, MD)
IN: Protecting intellectual property in space; Proceedings of the Aerospace Computer Security Conference, McLean, VA, March 20, 1985 (A8-42592 20-17). New York, IEEE, 1985, p. 3-10.
Pub. Date: 1985 6 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8520
The present paper concentrates on aspects of the Space Station itself, all Space Station Program Elements (SSPE) that interact with the Space Station, and the telecommunications of the Space Station to the ground system through NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS). It is pointed out that one of the major concerns of potential commercial customers of the Space Station is NASA's ability to assure data privacy. A Space Station Information System (SSIS) overview is provided, and the types of user data are examined. Security implications are discussed, taking into account the SSIS environment, the protection of the physical assets of the SSIS, personnel security, computer hardware, computer software, procedural (operational) security, communications security, emanation security, and education and training regarding the security implications of the SSIS. ( G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY; *INFORMATION SYSTEMS; *SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE STATIONS; COMPUTER PROGRAMS; DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT; EDUCATION; PERSONNEL; PRIVACY; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7582 Documentation & Information Science (1975-)

Y022108 41
1400827 A85-42592
Protecting intellectual property in space; Proceedings of the Aerospace Computer Security Conference, McLean, VA, March 20, 1985
Conference sponsored by NASA, AIAA, and Mitre Corp. New York, IEEE, 1985, 98 p. For individual items see A85-42593 to A85-42600.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8520
The primary purpose of the Aerospace Computer Security Conference was to bring together people and organizations which have a common interest in protecting intellectual property generated in space. Operational concerns are discussed, taking into account security implications of the space station information system, Space Shuttle security policies and programs, potential uses of probabilistic risk assessment techniques for space station development, key considerations in contingency planning for secure space flight ground control centers, a systematic method for evaluating security requirements compliance, and security engineering of secure ground stations. Subjects related to security technologies are also explored, giving attention to processing requirements of secure C3/I and battle management systems and the development of the Gemini trusted multiple microcomputer base, the Restricted Access Processor system as a security guard designed to protect classified information, and observations on local area network security. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE SYSTEMS; *COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY; *CONFERENCES; *SPACE COMMUNICATION; AIRBORNE/SPACEBORNE COMPUTERS; CONTINGENCY; GROUND BASED CONTROL; GROUND STATIONS; INFORMATION SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS; RELIABILITY ANALYSIS; RISK; SECURITY; SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION; SYSTEMS ANALYSIS; SYSTEMS ENGINEEING
Sub. Class.: 7517 Spacecraft Communications, Command & Tracking (1975-)

Y022108 42
1399947 N85-30963
Space ventures and society long-term perspectives
Final Report
BROWN, W. M.
Hudson Inst, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind.
Corp. Source Code: H3608518
Pub. Date: May 1985 189P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176012; NAS 1.26: 176012; HI-3731/2-RR
Contract No.: NASW-3724
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A09/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8519
A futuristic evaluation of mankind's potential long term future in space is presented. Progress in space will not be inhibited by shortages of the Earth's physical resources, since long term economic growth will be focused on ways to constrain industrial productivity by changing social values, management styles, or government competence. Future technological progress is likely to accelerate with an emphasis on international cooperation, making possible such large joint projects as lunar colonies or space stations on Mars. The long term future in space looks exceedingly bright even in relatively pessimistic scenarios. The principal driving forces will be technological progress, commercial and public-oriented satellites, space industrialization, space travel, and eventually space colonization. (F.M.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *ASTEROID MISSIONS; *LUNAR BASES; *MARS (PLANET); *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SOCIOLOGY; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; ECONOMICS; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS; HISTORIES; PLANETARY BASES; SPACE COLONIES
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)
COSATI Code: 5A Administration & Management

Y022108 43
1398972 N85-29988
Commerce Lab: Mission analysis payload integration study. Appendix A: Data bases
Final Report
Wyle Labs., Inc., Huntsville, Ala. Scientific Services and Systems Goup.
Corp. Source Code: W9307657
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985 279P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176016; NAS 1.26: 176016; P-11-84-33-APP-A
Contract No.: NAS8-36109
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A13/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8519
The development of Commerce Lab is detailed. Its objectives are to support the space program in these areas: (1) the expedition of space commercialization; (2) the advancement of microgravity science and applications; and (3) as a precursor to future missions in the space program. Ways and means of involving private industry and academia in this commercialization is outlined. (E.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMERCE LAB; *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *PAYLOAD INTEGRATION *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACELAB; *SPACELAB PAYLOADS; LOW GRAVITY MANUFACTURING; MISSION PLANNING; SPACE PROCESSING
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 44
1398970 N85-29986
Outside users payload model
Battelle Columbus Labs., Ohio.
Corp. Source Code: BD967734
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985 181P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-176011; NAS 1.26: 176011
Contract No.: NASW-3595
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A09/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8519
The outside users payload model which is a continuation of documents and replaces and supersedes the July 1984 edition is presented. The time period covered by this model is 1985 through 2000. The following sections are included: (1) definition of the scope of the model; (2) discussion of the methodology used; (3) overview of total demand; (4) summary of the estimated market segmentation by launch vehicle; (5) summary of the estimated market segmentation by user type; (6) details of the STS market forecast; (7) summary of transponder trends; (8) model overview by mission category; and (9) detailed mission models. All known non-NASA, non-DOD reimbursable payloads forecast to be flown by non-Soviet-block countries are included in this model with the exception of Spacelab payloads and small self contained payloads. Certain DOD-sponsored or cosponsored payloads are included if they are reimbursable launches. (E.A.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *MANUAL; *MATHEMATICAL MODELS; *PAYLOADS; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 45
1398963 N85-29979
International space research perspectives of commercialization for German industry
JORDAN, H. L.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC52981
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985 31P.
Translation Note: Transl. into ENGLISH of ""Weltraumforschung - perspektiven der kommerziellen nutzung fur die deutsche industrie'' Linder Hoehe, West Germany, 19 Oct. 1984 16 p
Publ. Note: Transl. by Scientific Translation Service, Santa Barbara, Calif. Original document prepared by DFVLR, Linder Hoeh, West Germany
Presentation Note: Presented at Meeting of the Comm. for the Politics of Res. and Sci., Bonn, 19 Oct. 1984
Report No.: NASA-TM-77657; NAS 1.15: 77657
Contract No.: NASW-4004
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT; CONF. PAP.; TRANSLATION. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A03/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8519
A brief overview of space flight activities is presented. West German contributions to satellite mapping, communication satellites, navigation, Spacelab, diffusion under weightlessness, crystal growth in space, metal bonding, and biochemistry are described. The future of the research in the space station is analyzed. (B.W.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *DIFFUSION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; *SPACE STATIONS; *SPACELAB; *WEST GERMANY; BIOCHEMISTRY; CRYSTAL GROWTH; SATELLITE IMAGERY
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1985-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 46
1398797 A85-41657
Commercialization of remote-sensing technology
MORAIN, S. A. (New Mexico, University, Albuquerque)
International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161), vol. 6, June 1985, p. 837-846.
Pub. Date: Jun. 1985 12 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
The Technology Application Center (TAC) of the University of New Mexico has accumulated a decade of experience in the transfer of remote sensing technology applications to assist commercialization efforts. The present management and cost information for 48 completed projects sheds light on small businesses' expectations regarding the frequency and duration of such projects, their requisite level of effort, and before-profit revenues. The presently ascertained gross average salary per full time employee equivalent, which has averaged only $10, 500 since 1975, suggests that market forces have not yet generated sufficient demand to support the level of skills entailed by this technology. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE); *REMOTE SENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; IMAGE PROCESSING; NASA PROGRAMS; PHOTOMAPPING
Sub. Class.: 7543 Earth Resources (1975-)

Y022108 47
1398674 A85-41534
Hermes - Does Europe need its own spaceplane
BULLOCH, C.
Interavia (ISSN 0020-?168), vol. 40, July 1985, p. 815-817.
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Switzerland
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
An assessment is made of the economic/commercial motivations and prospects for the Space Shuttle-like 'Hermes' vehicle of the ESA, which unlike the geostationary orbit-directed Ariane will exploit the emerging low earth orbit market potential for microgravity-production of various high tech products. Attention is given to the provisional design details of the Hermes Orbiter and to the prospective distribution of design, development and construction responsibilities among firms within ESA's political purview. A major motivation for desired European independence from the NASA Space Shuttle is the considerable workload already accumulated for future Space Shuttle commercial launches and the additional U.S. Department of Defense demands on these vehicles. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACEPLANES; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *HERMES MANNED SPACEPLANE; *SPACECRAFT DESIGN; FEASIBILITY; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7716 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 48
1398238 A85-41098
The US Space Station programme
HODGE, J. D. NASA, Office of Space Station, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981 (British Interplanetary Society, Space Station Symposium, London, England, Apr. 17, 1985) British Interplanetary Society, Journal (Space Stations) (ISSN 0007-084X), vol. 38, July 1985, p. 315-318.
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
The Manned Space Station (MSS) involves NASA, and other countries, in the operation, maintenance and expansion of a permanent space facility. The extensive use of automation and robotics will advance those fields, and experimentation will be carried out in scientific and potentially commercial projects. The MSS will provide a base for astronomical observations, spacecraft assembly, refurbishment and repair, transportation intersection, staging for interplanetary exploration, and storage. Finally, MSS operations will be performed semi-autonomously from ground control. Phase B analysis is nearing completion, and precedes hardware development. Studies are being performed on generic advanced technologies which can reliably and flexibly be incorporated into the MSS, such as attitude control and stabilization, power, thermal, environmental and life support control, auxiliary propulsion, data management, etc. Guidelines are also being formulated regarding the areas of participation by other nations. ( M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; PROJECT PLANNING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 49
1398045 A85-40905
Chinese modify CZ-2/3 rocket boosters, focus on commercial launch market
COVAULT, C.
Aviation Week and Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175), vol 123, July 22, 1985, p. 77, 79.
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
A program underway in the People's Republic of China to modify the Titan-class CZ-2/3 satellite-launch and ICBM boosters is described on the basis of a recent visit to the manufacturing plant in Shanghai. The present two-stage CZ-2 and three-stage CZ-3 can place 5000 lbs in LEO or 3080 lbs in GEO, respectively, and are produced on a custom basis with a delivery time of about 2 yrs. Modifications introduced include 4 x 6-ft fins and a pogo-suppression system for the four-engine first stage and a steel support band for the combustion chamber of the 80-ton-thrust second-stage main engine. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINES; *CHINESE SPACE PROGRAM; MANUFACTURING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 50
1398044 A85-40904
Chinese Rocket Test Center to aid large engine development
COVAULT, C.
Aviation Week and Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175), vol. 123, July 22, 1985, p. 69, 71, 73-75.
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
The Beijing Rocket Testing Center and its role in ongoing development projects are characterized on the basis of a recent visit. The facility comprises five test stands of various sizes and capabilities and is used to test the Titan-class CZ-2/3 ICBM launcher systems (being improved to give the People's Republic of China a role in the commercial launch market) and components for a future Saturn-class launcher. The direct-observation facilities are described; photographs of the overall layout and administration buildings are provided; and the Chinese use of statistical data rather than extensive firing tests prior to integration of engines into launchers is discussed. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CHINESE SPACE PROGRAM; *ROCKET TEST FACILITIES; GROUND STATIONS; RESEARCH FACILITIES
Sub. Class.: 7514 Ground Support Systems & Facilities--Space (1975-)

Y022108 51
1398041 A85-40901
Austere Chinese space program keyed toward future buildup
COVAULT, C.
Aviation Week and Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175), vol. 123, July, 1985, p. 16-21.
Pub. Date: Jul. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
Since 1970, the People's Republic of China has launched 16 spacecraft and as recently embarked on the development of Saturn 1-class launch vehicle for the 1990s, a solid propellant upper stage to replace the current oxygen/hydrogen unit on the CZ-2/3-series boosters, manned space mission technology, and commercial launch services. The spacecraft thus far produced and/or launched include an imaging intelligence/earth resources satellite, communications satellites, and weather satellites. Attention is also given to new space program facilities that are under construction or planned for the near future. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CHINESE SPACE PROGRAM; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; LAUNCH VEHICLES; REMOTE SENSING; SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 52
1397315 A85-40175
The Proton launcher
BOND, A.; PARFITT, J.
Spaceflight (ISSN 0038-6340), vol. 27, July-Aug. 1985, p. 318-320.
Pub. Date: Aug. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: United Kingdom
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8519
The capabilities, design features and missions for the Soviet Proton booster are described. The Proton, outfitted with six strap-on boosters, launched the Vega 1 and 2 Venus/Halley dual mission spacecraft. RD-253 engines burn N2O4 and UDMH fuels, possibly through a preburner before the combustion chamber. A vacuum thrust of 450, 000 lb is projected for the engine. Analyses are presented to set the launch weight at 1,600, 000 lb, implying that the vehicle is based on an ICBM design. It is suggested that the Proton has sufficiently high noise and vibration levels to prohibit it from being man-rated. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *PAYLOADS; *SALYUT SPACE STATION; *VEGA LAUNCH VEHICLE; SOVIET SPACECRAFT
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 53
1396072 A85-39930
Commercialization of a Space Station
SHESKIN, T. J. (Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Winter Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, Dec. 9-14, 1984. 5 p.
Pub. Date: Dec. 1984 10 refs.
Report No.: ASME PAPER 84-WA/TS-3
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
A Space Station will create new opportunities for commercial investment. This paper explores two of the most promising areas: materials processing in space, and the servicing and launching of communications satellites. Risks to commercial investors are identified. Recommendations are offered for providing incentives to private sector companies to invest in a Space Station. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ORBITAL SERVICING; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE PROCESSING; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; MARKET RESEARCH; MATERIALS SCIENCE; ORBITAL LAUNCHING; RISK; WEIGHTLESSNESS
Sub. Class.: 7712 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 54
1395059 A85-38917
The use of microgravity for industrial and commercial purposes
GODON, J. P. (Aerospatiale, Paris, France)
IN: Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Siresa, Italy, May 2-4, 1984, Proceedings (A85-38901 18-12). Paris, Eurospace, 1984, p. 464-475.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA85?8
A European strategy for the development of space-based manufacturing facilities utilizing the advantages of microgravity is discussed. Topics considered include the kinds of activities required; ways to inform and involve the nonspace industries which form the potential user community; the progression from preliminary data surveys to R&D activities, processing and production, and marketing; cost and legal considerations; improvement of international channels of technical information; and selection of candidate projects. A list of recommended missions for an ESA/EEC microgravity task force is provided. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MICROGRAVITY APPLICATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; COSTS; EUROPE; INFORMATION FLOW
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 55
1395056 A85-38914
Need for alternative space launch services given NASA refusal to launch SPARX-01 mission under standard form commercial launch services agreement
HEISS, K. P.
IN: Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Stresa, Italy, May 2-4, 1984, Proceedings A85-38901 18-12). Paris, Eurospace, 1984, p. 355-368.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
Legal, political, and economic implications of the refusal by NASA to launch the SPARX-01 commercial terrestrial-remote-sensing satellite under terms acceptable to SPARX are discussed from the SPARX perspective. The history of negotiations between SPARX and NASA since 1983 is recalled; the terms of the original Standard Form Commercial Launch Agreement and the new terms (based on the language of HR-5155, remote-sensing bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives) proposed by NASA in April 1984 are summarize; and the reasons for SPARX rejection of the new terms (exclusion of any proprietary rights to the remote-sensing data, subjection to U.S. licensing and regulation) are indicated. It is argued that the new terms are illegally imposed (since launch reservation fees were paid in 1983) and constitute a 'closed skies' policy resulting in a government monopoly on remote sensing, an infringement on the freedom to gather and disseminate information, and eventually in a loss of commercial launch business for NASA (since alternative launch possibilities are being developed; e.g., Ariane). (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *LAW (JURISPRUDENCE); *REMOTE SENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *SPACECRAFT LAUNCNING; AGREEMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 56
1395049 A85-38907
Long liquid bridges (analysis of recent Spacelab experiments)
DA RIVA, I.; MARTINEZ, I. (Madrid, Universidad Politecnica, Madrid, Spain)
IN: Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Stresa, Italy, May 2-4, 1984, Proceedings (A85-38901 18-12). Paris, Eurospace, 1984, p. 137-178. Research supported by the Comision Nacional de Investigation del Espacio.
Pub. Date: 1984 34 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Spain
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP.
Most documents available from AIAA Technical Library
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
The hydrostatics and hydrodynamics of liquid bridges held between parallel coaxial solid disks under reduced-gravity conditions are characterized, summarizing the results of space experiments and experimental and numerical simulations of microgravity. The results are presented in graphs and diagrams, and applications such as floating-zone crystal growth and electrophoresis separation techniques are considered. It is argued that the high cost, logistical problems, and infrequent availability of space facilities give earth-based R&D efforts in materials processing the advantage, although carefully prepared space experiments can act as a catalyst stimulating progress in earth-based activities. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *BRIDGES; *FLUID DYNAMICS; *SPACE PROCESSING; *SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; *SPACELAB; CRYSTAL GROWTH; ELECTROPHORESIS; FLOAT ZONES; HYDROSTATICS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7534 Fluid Mechanics & Heat Transfer (1975-)

Y022108 57
1395046 A85-38904
European space industry's potential
PARDOE, G. K. C. (General Technology Systems, Ltd., London, England)
IN: Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Stresa, Italy, May 2-4, 1984, Proceedings (A85-38901 18-12). Paris, Eurospace, 1984, p. 92-109.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: United Kingdom
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
The present role of the space industry in the economies of western Europe is surveyed, and strategies to maintain and increase it are proposed. The history of space utilization by earth-based industry and commerce is traced, including communications and navigation satellites, remote-sensing satellites, material-processing experiments, and already planned unmanned and manned processing facilities, and the earth-based technologies which have made these developments possible are discussed. The mechanism of space development is seen as a cyclic process in which enabling technologies lead to space research which advances technology and creates new demand for space facilities and physical or information products. It is argued that both coordinated marketing and educational efforts by government and industry (to build an informed user community in Europe) and political support of space programs are necessary if the European space industry is to expand and compete in world markets. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; GRAPHS (CHARTS); REMOTE SENSING; UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 58
1395044 A85-38902
Space - The challenge of a new environment
JORDAN, H. L. (Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer ?uft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, West Germany)
IN: Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Stresa, Italy, May ?-4, 1984, Proceedings (A85-38901 18-12). Paris, Eurospace, 1984, p. 5-26.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
The history, current status, and future plans for industrial activity in space are surveyed from a European perspective. Topics discussed include the early history of space flight; the progress of remote-sensing technology; the nature of the space environment at altitude 500 km; the effects of microgravity on physical processes of industrial importance; steps to be taken by industry to prepare to take advantage of space processing opportunities; the ongoing rocket-borne TEXUS and STS-borne MAUS, GAS, and Spacelab experiments in material science; legal and organizational aspects of space industrialization; and planned European participation in the NASA Space Station. Photographs, drawings, diagrams, and graphs are provided. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; HISTORIES; MATERIALS SCIENCE; REMOTE SENSING; SPACE STATIONS; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACELAB
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 59
1395043 A85-38901
Symposium on Industrial Activity in Space, Stresa, Italy, May 2-4, 1984, Proceedings
Symposium sponsored by the European Economic Community, ESA, Asritalia S.p.A., et al. Paris, Eurospace, 1984, 492 p. For individual items see A85-38902 to A85-38917.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization Co. of Publ. International Organization
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
European research and planning efforts for industrial and commercial activities in space are examined in reviews and reports and illustrated with graphs, diagrams, photographs, and drawings. Topics discussed include the potential of the European space industry; processes for space use; applications to glass, ceramic, optical, pharmaceutical, and biological industries; applications to metallurgy, inorganic and organic chemistry, and physics; applications to electronics and electricity; novel uses of space; European space plans; and cooperation with the U.S. Also presented are round-table discussions on legal aspects of industrial space activity and on the use of microgravity for industrial and commercial purposes. ( T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; *CONFERENCES; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS *MICROGRAVITY APPLICATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; BIOLOGY; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONICS; FLUID DYNAMICS; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL DISPOSAL (IN SPACE); MATERIALS SCIENCE; METALLURGY; PHARMACOLOGY; PHYSICS; RADIOACTIVE WASTES; SOLAR GENERATORS; SPACE PROCESSING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 60
1394944 A85-38802
The NASA land processes program - Status and future directions
MURPHY, R. E. (NASA, Land Processes Branch, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
IN: Machine processing of remotely sensed data: Thematic Mapper data and geographic information systems; Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium, West Lafayette, IN, June 12-14, 1984 (A85-38801 18-43). New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1984, p. 9-12.
Pub. Date: 1984 10 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8518
For most of the past decade, NASA focused its efforts on the immediate exploitation of space-based sensors in earth-oriented programs. After an assessment of the current situation with respect to the conducted programs, NASA has restructured its earth-oriented programs to concentrate on the scientific use of its satellites while other agencies and private enterprise have assumed responsibility for programs of interest to them. In making this change of direction, NASA has conducted a series of studies to obtain information as a basis for its planning activities regarding future programs. Attention is given to a plan for Land Global Habitability, the development of a basic structure for the land program, a program plan for global biology, and a study on the role of biochemical cycles. The three major facets of the land processes program are discussed along with some examples of current work. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EARTH RESOURCES; *LAND; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SATELLITE-BORNE PHOTOGRAPHY; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; ARID LANDS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; MINERAL EXPLORATION; PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Sub. Class.: 7543 Earth Resources (1975-)

Y022108 61
1393754 N85-27931
The Ariane launch vehicle is the key of the Europeans to the space market
DIE TRAEGERRAKETE ARIANE IST DER SCHLUESSEL DER EUROPAER ZUM WELTRAUMMARKT
LAUSSERMAIR, F.
Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg A.G., Munich (West Germany).
Corp. Source Code: MI971840
Pub. Date: 1984 7P.
Language: German
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: Germany, Federal Republic of
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTI HC A02/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8517
The history and commercial future of Ariane are described. Arianespace got 30 orders and 14 reservations. Ariane 4 is being developed. The heaviest Ariane 4 version represents a payload increase of 70% compared to Ariane 3. Ariane 4 is expected to be competitive in space transportation until the mid-nineties. Ariane 5 is seen as a rival to the Space Transportation System; it has to be able to bring larger and heavier payloads into low and high orbits. Cooperation with the US in the construction of a space station can open interesting transportation tasks in the low orbit for Ariane 5. (Author (ESA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: ESA
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *MARKETING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; ECONOMIC FACTORS; EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 62 
393751 N85-27928
In orbit infrastructure. Volume 1: Executive summary (European space programs)
Erno Rumfahrttechnik G.m.b.H., Bremen (West Germany).
Corp. Source Code: E2789907
Place of Publ.: Paris Publisher: ESA
Pub. Date: Jul. 1984 80P.
Report No.: RX011-002/84-VOL-1; ESA-CR (P)-2002-VOL-1
Contract No.: ESA-5602/83/F-FC (SC)
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A05/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8517
Based on the identified and projected European mission needs for Earth observation, telecommunications, space processing and scientific missions, mission requirements and in-orbit infrastructure (IOI) element function performances were established. Orbit change, rendezvous and docking, telemanipulator operations, automatic sample exchange, and automatic re-entry elements are applicable for the servicing equipment of a materials processing space platform, the orbital transfer and servicing system, and the re-entry vehicle (REV). Economic and technical arguments favor manned elements (STS) for launch/servicing/payload exchange/recovery for initial material processing missions in a 500 km/28.5 deg orbit. The introduction of Ariane 5 and REV gives Europe an independent servicing capability with similar launch costs but with higher reliance on automatic systems for rendezvous docking/servicing/payload exchange/recovery. Operational missions using Hermes, although not so economically attractive, provide Europe with an independent manned capacity. (Author (ESA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: ESA
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *PROJECT PLANNING; *SPACE LOGISTICS; *SPACE MAINTENANCE; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; REUSABLE SPACECRAFT; ROBOTICS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE RENDEZVOUS; SPACECRAFT DOCKING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 63
1393750 N85-27927
European utilization aspects of a US manned space station, volume 2
Final Report
Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne (West Germany).
Corp. Source Code: DO696939
Place of Publ.: Paris Publisher: ESA
Pub. Date: Apr. 1983 2 Vol. 393P.
Publ. Note: Prepared in cooperation with MBB GmbH, Bremen, West Germany, Aeritalia SpA, Turin, British Aerospace Aircraft Group, Bristol, Dornier-Werke GmbH, Friedrichshafen, West Germany, and Matra, Toulouse
Report No.: ESA-CR (P)-1987-VOL-2
Contract No.: ESA-5243/82/F-FC (SC)
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A17/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8517
European payload candidates which can be beneficially supported by a manned space station (MSS) are identified. The required operational space station support is assessed. Alternative approaches if no manned space station is available are discussed and the impact identified. The MSS is needed in life sciences, space technology, and materials science. The MSS need to be completed by free flying platforms for automatic material processes, space sciences, and Earth observations. The majority of identified payload candidates are for basic research. Commercial payloads are only identified in telecommunications. Identification of commercial materials processing payloads depends on the results from Spacelab. (Author (ESA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: ESA
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *MANNED ORBITAL LABORATORIES; *NASA PROGRAMS; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACEBORNE ASTRONOMY; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 64
1393749 N85-27926
European utilization aspects of a US manned space station, volume 1
Final Report
Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne (West German).
Corp. Source Code: DO696939
Place of Publ.: Paris Publisher: ESA
Pub. Date: Apr. 1983 2 Vol. 65P.
Publ. Note: Prepared in cooperation with MBB GmbH, Bremen, West Germany, Aeritalia SpA, Turin, British Aerospace Aircraft Group, Bristol, Dornier-Werke GmbH, Friedrichshafen, West Germany, and Matra, Toulouse
Report No.: ESA-CR (P)-1987-VOL-1
Contract No.: ESA-5243/82/F-FC (SC)
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A04/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8517
European payload candidates which can be beneficially supported by a manned space station (MSS) are identified. The required operational station support is assessed. Alternative approaches if no manned space station is available are discussed and the impact identified. The MSS is needed in life sciences, space technology, and materials science. The MSS needs to be completed by free flying platforms for automatic material processes, space sciences, and Earth observations. The majority of identified payload candidates are for basic research. Commercial payloads are only identified in telecommunications. Identification of commercial materials processing payloads depends on the results from Spacelab. (Author (ESA))
Source of Abstract/Subfile: ESA
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *MANNED ORBITAL LABORATORIES; *NASA PROGRAMS; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACEBORNE ASTRONOMY; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 65
1393005 A85-37954
The private sector - A global pool of technical talent for remote sensing training and program support
CARTER, W. D. (Globex, Inc., Reston, Va)
(COSPAR, IUGS, COSTED, and United Nations, Workshops on Remote Sensing from Satellites, 1st and 9th, and Topical Meeting, Graz, Austria, June 25-July 7, 1984) Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177), vol. 4, no. 11, 1984 p. 49-57.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8517
An overview of what has happened in space research and technology over the past 25 years, and an outlook for the future are presented. Consideration is given to weather, communications, and earth-resource satellites. It is demonstrated that there is a change from government-financed programs toward greater diversification and development of initiatives in the private sector resulting in cheaper products that are more available to the potential users of space-derived information. The private sector and its various elements and capabilities are discussed. A list of 150 space technology companies, their locations and products and/or services is given. (M.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EDUCATION; *REMOTE SENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EARTH RESOURCES; LANDSAT SATELLITES; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; NASA PROGRAMS
Sub. Class.: 7543 Earth Resources (1975-)

Y022108 66
1392310 A85-37259
The myth of militarization
OBERG, J. E.
Space World (ISSN 0038-6332), vol. V-5-258, June 1985, p. 21-24.
Publ. Date: Jun. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8517
The role of the military establishment in the U.S. space program is surveyed from a NASA perspective, responding to claims of increasing militarization made by Soviet spokesmen or domestic critics. Topics examined include the need for NASA-DOD cooperation to avoid duplication of services; the increasing proportion of civilian Shuttle astronauts; the relatively constant proportion of military Shuttle payloads; and the ill-suitedness of the Shuttle for antisatellite, nuclear-bombing, or SDI-related missions. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MILITARY SPACECRAFT; *MILITARY TECHNOLOGY; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS; APOLLO PROJECT; ENTERPRISE (ORBITER); LAUNCH VEHICLES; PAYLOADS; SOVIET SPACECRAFT
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 67
1392307 A85-37256
Homesteading the new frontier
ROGERS, T. F.
Space World (ISSN 0038-6332), vol. V-5-258, June 1985, p. 4-7.
Pub. Date: Jun. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8517
The use of large SST external tanks as habitation modules for an expanded U.S. civilian presence in LEO is proposed. It is pointed out that these tanks could be placed in LEO (instead of being allowed to break up in the atmosphere) at relatively low cost to provide about 70, 000 cu ft of pressurized space each, to be made usable by purging any remaining fuel and installing appropriate life-support systems. It is recommended that federal-government policy for making such modules available to private users be formulated by analogy to the homesteading legislation of the 19th century. Photographs of the external tanks and drawings of various design concepts for LEO spacecraft are included. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *SPACE STATIONS ; APOLLO PROJECT; EARTH ORBITS; GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 68
1392202 A85-37151
New opportunities in space; Proceedings of the Twenty-first Space Congress, Cocoa Beach, FL, April 24-26, 1984
Congress sponsored by the Canaveral Co. of Technical Societies. Cape
Canaveral, FL, Canaveral Co. of Technical Societies, 1984, 446 p. For individual items see A85-37152 to A85-37155.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8517
Various papers on space technology are presented. The general topics discussed include: international aerospace programs, machines to augment man, space communications, flight and ground operations, space station technology, innovative technology applications, future space transportation and missions, STS flight experiments, and commercialization of space. The wide scope of technologies that contribute to today's successes in space and point the way to future operations are emphasized. (C.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE ENGINEERING; *CONFERENCES; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT ; FLIGHT OPERATIONS; GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS; MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS; PREFLIGHT OPERATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE COMMUNICATION; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACECRAFT MAINTENANCE; SPACELAB; TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 69
1392048 A85-36997
International space law (Book)
KOLOSOV, IU. (Ministerstvo Inostrannykh Del SSSR, Moscow, USSR); ZHUKOV, G.
New York, Praeger 1984, 238 p. Translation.
Pub. Date: 1984 190 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U.S.S.R.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: BOOK; TRANSLATION
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8517
The fundamental principles, historical development, and current problems of international space law (ISL) are reviewed from a Soviet perspective. Chapters are devoted to the concept and sources of ISL, the principles of ISL, the legal status of artificial space objects, international cooperation in the rescue of cosmonauts, international responsibility for space activities, international systems of space communications (Intersputnik, Intelsat, and Inmarsat), ISL of direct TV broadcasting via satellite, ISL of space meteorology, ISL of remote sensing, the delimitation of outer space, and the status of the moon and other celestial bodies of the solar system in ISL. The need for further legislation regarding national or international permanent manned space stations is indicated. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE LAW; ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES; CLAIMING; LEGAL LIABILITY; METEOROLOGY; MILITARY TECHNOLOGY; MOON; REMOTE SENSING; RESCUE OPERATIONS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE COMMUNICATION; SPACE FLIGHT; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE MISSIONS; SPACE PROGRAMS; TELEVISION TRANSMISSION; UNITED NATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 70
1389818 A85-35978
U.S. initiatives in space commercialization
LOGSDON, J. M. (George Washington University, Washington, DC)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 5 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984 7 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 4-223
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8516
A campaign has recently been conducted to promote space commercialization. The possibilities for the realization of the envisaged prospects in space technology are evaluated, taking into account sources of space revenues, the requirements for space commercialization, positive developments, and uncertain progress in relation to a number of crucial questions. The results of the evaluation suggest that the commercialization of space will be a long-term, slowly evolving enterprise. There is little doubt that eventually space business will be established and thrive. However, there is little likelihood that such a situation will occur in the next ten years. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; *FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS; *RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; COMMERCE; COST ANALYSIS; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; FEDERAL BUDGETS; INVESTMENTS; MARKET RESEARCH PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 71
1386936 A85-34538
Commercial use of space - The space business era
GRIFFIN, G. D. (NASA, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex.
Corp. Source Code: ND052615
(U.S. Space Technology Conference and Exhibition, Zurich, Switzerland, June 19-21, 1984) Space Solar Power Review (ISSN 0191-9067), vol. 5, no. 1, 1985, p. 77-82.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
Progress and avenues being explored by NASA to hasten the commercialization of space are described. A task force has recommended that the effort begin at once, that bureaucratic barriers to commercial space activities be removed, and that a partnership between government and industry be seriously explored. The government role is to establish links with private industry, invest in high-leverage technologies and space facilities which will be attractive to commercial ventures, and contribute to commercial enterprises where risks are high and significant economic benefits can be foreseen. The government/industry relationship can be legally evinced by MOUs, joint endeavor agreements, technical exchange agreements and industrial guest investigator arrangements. The Space Station is the first step in that it allows Americans to live and work in space. It is expected that international participation in Space Station development and utilization will accelerate the space business era. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; CATALYSTS; CRYSTAL GROWTH; EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; GRAPHITE; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; NASA PROGRAMS; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; SPACELAB; THIN FILMS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 72
1386620 A85-34222
Satellite owners move to offset telephony losses to optical fiber
LOWNDES, J. C.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 64-66, 68-69.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
Preparations are made to exploit the advantages of communications satellites for distributing messages among many locations at once. By providing such services, it would be possible to offset losses in telephone market share, which are expected during the last half of the decade because of optical fiber competition. If the ventures in point-to-multipoint communications are successful, satellites can be employed to extend the full range of telecommunications services to many ground stations in suburban, rural, and even remote areas. In connection with current technological developments, it appears that optical fiber or digital microwave will replace satellites later in this decade on many long-haul routes with heavy traffic. An American telephone company plans to construct 21, 000 miles of optical fiber facilities connecting U.S. cities and spanning the Atlantic and Pacific by the end of the decade. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *COST EFFECTIVENESS; *FIBER OPTICS; *MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TELEPHONY; *TRANSOCEANIC COMMUNICATION; BROADCASTING; COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; DIGITAL SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; MARKET RESEARCH; OPTICAL COMMUNICATION; POINT TO POINT COMMUNICATION; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; UNITED STATES; VOICE COMMUNICATION
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 73
1386619 A85-34221
Starstruck's problems spotlight risks, opportunities in space
OLONE, R. G.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 60, 61, 63.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
The present article is concerned with a new American company which was founded with the objective to build an inexpensive, reliable booster for customers who want to launch communications satellites but cannot afford the European Ariane or the U.S. Space Shuttle. The money provided by the investors permitted the new firm to do what no other U.S. company had done, that is to design, test, and launch a space booster completely with private funds. The decisions made by the management of the company in the attempt to implement their plans are critically evaluated. In order to overcome difficulties related to the regulations regarding a land launch, it was decided to launch the booster from water. The Dolphin engine, consisting of the largest hybrid motor developed to date, was tested at a maximum of 42, 000-lb thrust, and produced 35, 000 lb during a successful launch. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINES; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *INVESTMENTS; *RISK; *SPACE COMMERCALIZATION; *SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING; AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; FLIGHT TESTS; ROCKET ENGINE DESIGN; UNITED STATES
Sub. Class.: 7581 Administration & Management (1975-)

Y022108 74
1386618 A85-3420
Germany cites commercial fallout as justification for U.S. Station involvement
FEAZEL, M.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 47, 49, 51, 54.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
In January, West Germany agreed to provide about $1 billion to Columbus (total cost $2.4 billion), which represents the European contribution to the U.S. Space Station project. The design of Columbus will be derived from the design of Spacelab, the European-built laboratory which is carried in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle. The German contribution to Columbus was approved by the German Bundestag only on condition that the investment would result in a commercial return. Questions regarding the commercialization of the Space Station are discussed, taking into account also developments related to the flight of the SPAS with the Space Shuttle. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACELAB; GERMANY; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; SPACECRAFT DESIGN
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 75
1386617 A85-34219
Progress of Europe's Ariane launcher challenges U.S. Shuttle on cost issue
LENOROVITZ, J. M.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 39, 42-44.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
The Ariane family of European launch vehicles is discussed. The final flight of an Ariane 1 is planned for a date between September and November 1985. Ariane 5 will begin operations in the mid-1990s. It will have the function to launch heavy-weight satellite payloads into a geostationary transfer orbit. This vehicle can also be employed to launch France's proposed small manned shuttle vehicle Hermes. Arianespace, the marketing/management organization for the Ariane, was established in 1980 by European manufacturers, European banks, and the French space agency. France with just under 60 percent of the shares is the organization's largest shareholder, while West Germany follows with slightly under 20 percent. Other shareholders include Italy, Spain, and the UK. Arianespace holds firm orders for orbiting 30 satellites. One half of the orders come from customers outside the European home market. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *COST EFFECTIVENESS; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT ESA SPACECRAFT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MARKET RESEARCH; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 76
1386616 A85-34218
Remote sensing - A tortuous trip to marketplace
DANN, P.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 32, 33, 35-37.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
Remote sensing represents a thirteen-year old U.S. government experiment in gathering earth surface images by satellite in outer space. If the experiment is transferred successfully from government to private sector, it might develop in the next decade into a data market worth billions of dollars. According to the most recent estimates, remote sensing's gross revenues might reach $2 billion annually by the year 2000 for raw data sales alone. In 1983, President Reagan made the decision to accelerate transfer of remote sensing operations ahead of the schedule set forth by President Carter. This decision was partly the result of Reagan's philosophy of removing government from the private economy, another factor was the need to reduce federal expenditures. The present status of remote sensing is discussed along with the services which are provided. A description of future developments is also presented. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *MARKET RESEARCH; *REMOTE SENSING; *SATELLITE IMAGERY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; AGRICULTURE; COST EFFECTIVENESS; EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM ; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS; HYDROLOGY; LAND USE; PHOTOMAPPING
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 77
1386615 A85-34217
Widespread civil uses envisioned for satellite navigation system
SMITH, B. A.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. ?, Spring 1985, p. 27-29.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
It is expected that the Defense Department's Navstar global positioning system (GPS) will be utilized by many civil users, taking into account trucks, emergency vehicles, pleasure boats, and commercial aircraft. An important factor regarding the realization of the expectations is the production of reliable and relatively low-cost receiver sets for the GPS signals. Some industry officials believe that the use of receivers will expand gradually during the next two to three years, and then accelerate rapidly once the satellite system has become operational. The largest civilian market for receivers is expected to be land-based users, while the second largest segment of the civilian market involves marine applications. Attention is given to a number of applications of the GPS signals and the devices which have been or are being developed for these applications ( G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; *NAVSTAR SATELLITES; SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; AIR NAVIGATION; COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT; COST EFFECTIVENESS; EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTERS; MARKET RESEARCH; RADIO NAVIGATION; SURFACE NAVIGATION
Sub. Class.: 7504 Aircraft Communications & Navigation (1975-)

Y022108 78
1386614 A85-34216
An astronaut's look at commercial space opportunities
COLLINS, M.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 24-26.
Publ. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
The commercial opportunities provided by space are related to the unique qualities of the space environment. These qualities are discussed, taking into account weightlessness, a practically perfect vacuum, the great differences between hot and cold, the continuous supply of solar energy, the charged particles, good visibility, absence of noise, the practically infinite size of space, and the high costs of gaining access to it. These qualities make possible the production of very precise spheres for calibration purposes, and the manufacture of ultra-pure glass and other materials. The production of rare pharmaceuticals in space is likely to have an early payoff, while the production of gallium-arsenide crystals for electronic devices is also very promising. However, the great risks involved in space ventures together with long payback times and the required large investments exert a retarding influence on space commercialization. Attention is given to the role of the government in space and opportunities provided by the Space Station. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; *SPACE PROCESSING; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; CRYSTAL GROWTH; GALLIUM ARSENIDES; NASA PROGRAMS; PRODUCTION ENGINEERING; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; VACUUM EFFECTS; WEIGHTLESSNESS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 79
1386613 A85-34215
Investors balance enthusiasm for new market against risk potential
SHIFREN, C. A.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 19-21.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
Although the interest in commercial space projects is increasing, the investment community shows caution and hesitancy regarding a commitment to such projects. The caution is a result of the particular situation which exists with respect to space-related commercial projects. They require generally a large amount of capital, the potential return on investment may be years off, and the risks, compared with other potential investments, appear greater. There are, however, a number of entrepreneurial companies which are finding capital for commercial space projects. One is developing Space Shuttle upper stages and vehicles to be used to launch commercial satellites, while another is concerned with the growing of crystals in space. A third company is developing a free-flying man-tended laboratory platform to be used for materials processing and other activities. Attention is also given to a number of Fortune 500 companies which are getting involved in commercial space projects. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CRYSTAL GROWTH; *INVESTMENTS; *MARKET RESEARCH; *RISK; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE PROCESSING; FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; MATERIALS SCIENCE; ORBIT TRANSFER VEHICLES; ORBITAL LAUNCHING; PROJECT PLANNING; RESEARCH PROJECTS; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITERS; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 80
1386612 A85-34214
Evolving government policy eases way for space ventures
COVAULT, C.
Commercial Space (ISSN 8756-4831), vol. 1, Spring 1985, p. 14-18.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
It is pointed out that the formation of a commercial space policy at both the White House and NASA has introduced greater predictability into corporate planning for space ventures. As a consequence of this development, new groups have begun to show interest in commercial space endeavors. These groups include a broader cross section of finance and lending institutions, state and local governments interested in stimulating space business in their geographical areas, and more companies with innovative ideas. According to a new analysis, gross annual revenues for all commercial space endeavors should total between $44.5 billion and $53 billion by the year 2000. The key areas of NASA policy interest for the next two years are related to centers for commercial development, technology utilization, new NASA facilities, limited seed funding, and expanded agreements. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *POLICIES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; COST INCENTIVES; CRYSTAL GROWTH; ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SPACE PROCESSING; SPACE SHUTTLE ORBITERS; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 81
1386590 A85-34192
The outlook for space commercialization
HAGGERTY, J. J.
Space World (ISSN 0038-6332), vol. V-5-257, May 1985, p. 20-25.
Pub. Date: May 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IA8515
An evaluation is made of the current status and outlook for space commercialization in five major areas of activity. The demand for space-based communications relay has been increasing rapidly, and is being addressed by advanced technologies that allow greater numbers of transponders per satellite, more effective employment of existing wavebands, and transmissions in a new band that is not yet in use. The NASA Landsat system of earth resources remote sensing satellites will be augmented by the French-led SPOT Image Corporation. The ESA's Ariane launch vehicle is a strong competitor in NASA Space Shuttle markets for satellite launching. 'Upper stage' orbit transfer systems are under development. Studies indicate that there are about 500 materials that could be advantageously processed aboard orbiting industrial platforms, taking advantage of zero-g conditions. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; *SPACE SHUTTLE UPPER STAGES; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; LANDSAT SATELLITES; MARKET RESEARCH; NASA PROGRAMS; ORBIT TRANSFER VEHICLES; REMOTE SENSING; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 82
1386270 A85-33872
How does NASA plan to help
Interavia (ISSN 0020-5168), vol. 40, April 1985, p. 390, 391.
Pub. Date: Apr. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Switzerland
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
NASA has assembled a task force assigned to the implementation of its space commercialization policy. The Commercial Space Policy has as its aim the reduction of risk levels for space industrial development to the point where they are comparable with conventional investments. This will be accomplished by providing seed funds for private sector R&D activities, by encouraging private sector development of products and services that NASA may need, by sharing patents with the U.S. private sector, and by facilitating the launching of experimental payloads at zero cost. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; INVESTMENTS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; SPACE LAW
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 83
1385827 A85-33429
Grooming the Shuttle for cost-effective access to space
MOORE, J. W. (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Aerospace America (ISSN 0740-722X), vol. 23, May 1985, p. 50-52, 54.
Pub. Date: May 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8515
An assessment is made of the performance of the Space Shuttle-based Space Transportation System (STS) from the initial flights in 1981 to the presen, which has involved the launching of 12 satellites and the retrieval of two. It is expected that the STS will soon be able to schedule 24 routine missions/year, upon the achievement of full operational status for the ful fleet of four Space Shuttles and the completion of support facilities at both the Kennedy Space Center and Vandenberg Air Force Base. The prospects for space industrialization efforts based on STS are noted. ( O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COST EFFECTIVENESS; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; TURNAROUND (STS)
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 84
1384399 N85-23814
NASA mobile satellite program
KNOUSE, G.; WEBER, W. (JPL, California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC45291
In NASA. Langley Research Center Large Space Antenna Systems Technol., 1984 p 1-25 (SEE N85-23813 14-15)
Pub. Date: Apr. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A20/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8514
A three phase development program for ground and space segment technologies which will enhance and enable the second and third generation mobile satellite systems (MSS) is outlined. Phase 1, called the Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X), is directed toward the development of ground segment technology needed for future MSS generations. Technology validation and preoperational experiments with other government agencies will be carried out during the two year period following launch. The satellite channel capacity needed to carry out these experiments will be obtained from industry under a barter type agreement in exchange for NASA provided launch services. Phase 2 will develop and flight test the multibeam spacecraft antenna technology needed to obtain substantial frequency reuse for second generation commercial systems. Industry will provide the antenna, and NASA will fly it on the Shuttle and test it in orbit. Phase 3 is similar to Phase 2 but will develop an even larger multibeam antenna and test it on the space station. (M.G.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *ANTENNA DESIGN; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *LAND MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICE; *LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; *SATELLITE ANTENNAS; FLIGHT TESTS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MULTIBEAM ANTENNAS; PROJECT PLANNING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22B Spacecraft

Y022108 85
1383088 A85-32176
NTC '83; Proceedings of the National Telesystems Conference, San Francisco, CA, November 14-16, 1983
Conference sponsored by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1983, 444 p. or individual items see A85-32177 to A85-32233.
Pub. Date: 1983
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: AA8514
Among the topics discussed are NASA Space Station fiber-optics technology, multifrequency L-band adaptive nulling, the evaluation of radome materials, spaceborne multifunction imaging radar antenna development, microwave receiver technology for space systems, system applications for SAW devices, mutually synchronized oscillators, radiation-hardened bulk CMOS technology for space and weapons systems, advances in CMOS-SOS integrated circuits, multiaccess protocols for processing satellite communications systems, the application of the Gobal Positioning System (GPS) to geodesy, the contrast enhancement of Landsat 4 Thematic Mapper data, and GPS-based weapons delivery. Also discussed are low cost GPS receiver designs, GPS altitude determination, GPS equipment for test range applications, TDMA differential GPS, a GPS fast acquisition receiver, trajectory estimation on the basis of GPS translated signals, the handling of high dimensionality data, a Space Shuttle imaging spectrometer experiment, advances in communication satellite systems (Inmarsat and Intelsat), NASA space commercialization programs, and an advanced earth observation spacecraft. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE SYSTEMS; *CONFERENCES; *SPACE COMMUNICATION; *SPACE NAVIGATION; *SPACECRAFT ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; *TELECOMMUNICATION; COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT; FIBER OPTICS; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; MICROELECTRONICS; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; NASA PROGRAMS; RADAR IMAGERY; REMOTE SENSING; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE STATIONS; WEAPON SYSTEMS
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 86
1381480 N85-22461
Advancing automation and robotics technology for the Space Station and for the US economy, volume 2
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Pub. Date: Mar. 1985 2 Vol. 160P.
Report No.: NASA-TM-87566-VOL-2; NAS 1.15: 8756-VOL-2
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A08/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8513
In response to Public Law 98-371, dated July 18, 1984, the NASA Advanced Technology Advisory Committee has studied automation and robotics for use in the Space Station. The Technical Report, Volume 2, provides background information on automation and robotics technologies and their potential and documents: the relevant aspects of Space Station design; representative examples of automation and robotics; applications; the state of the technology and advances needed; and considerations for technology transfer to U.S. industry and for space commercialization. (Author)
Desc.: *ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; *AUTOMATA THEORY; *ROBOTICS; *SPACE STATIONS; COMMERCE; COMPUTER TECHNIQUES; COMPUTER VISION; LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS; MANIPULATORS; SPACECRAFT MAINTENANCE ; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22B Spacecraft

Y022108 87
1380667 A85-31094
ESA's satellite communications programme
BARTHOLOME, P. (ESA, Communications Systems Div., Noordwijk, Netherlands)
ESA Bulletin (ISSN 0376-4265), no. 41, Feb. 1985, p. 28-35.
Pub. Date: Feb. 1985 8 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization
Co. of Pub.:
Netherlands
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8513
The developmental history, current status, and future plans of the ESA satellite-communications programs are discussed in a general survey and illustrated with network diagrams and maps. Consideration is given to the parallel development of national and European direct-broadcast systems and telecommunications networks, the position of the European space and electronics industries in the growing world market, the impact of technological improvements (both in satellite systems and in ground-based networks), and the technological and commercial advantages of integrated space-terrestrial networks. The needs for a European definition of the precise national and international roles of satellite communications, for maximum speed in implementing such decisions (before the technology becomes obsolete), and for increased cooperation and standardization to assure European equipment manufacturers a reasonable share of the market are stressed. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *ESA SATELLITES; *EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; *TELECOMMUNICATION; EUROPEAN COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE; GROUND STATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 88
1378679 N85-21225
Commercial space launches
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (U. S. Senate).
Corp. Source Code: CX356189
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: 1984 19P.
Presentation Note: Rept. to accompany H. R. 3942 presented by the Comm. on Com., Sci., and Transportation, 98th Congr., 2nd Sess., 3 Oct. 1984
Report No.: S-REPT-98-656; GPO-51-010
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: OTHER. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.. Oth. Avail.: US Capitol, Senate Document Room
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8512
This bill is to establish a framework within which expendable launch vehicles (ELVs) and their associated facilities and launch services may be licensed for commercial launches. This legislation also designates the Department of Transportation (DOT) as the lead Federal agency to facilitate and expedite the issuance and transfer of commercial space launch licenses.
(Author)
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *EXPENDABLE STAGE (SPACECRAFT); *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *LICENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; LAUNCH DATES; LAUNCHING BASES; SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 89
1378641 N85-21187
Monodisperse Latex Reactor (MLR): A materials processing space shuttle mid-deck payload
KORNFELD, D. M.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala.
Corp. Source Code: ND736801
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985 16P.
Report No.: NASA-TM-86487; NAS 1.15: 86487
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A02/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8512
The monodisperse latex reactor experiment has flown five times on the space shuttle, with three more flights currently planned. The objectives of this project is to manufacture, in the microgravity environment of space, large particle-size monodisperse polystyrene latexes in particle sizes larger and more uniform than can be manufactured on Earth. Historically it has been extremely difficult, if not impossible to manufacture in quantity very high quality monodisperse latexes on Earth in particle sizes much above several micrometers in diameter due to buoyancy and sedimentation problems during the polymerization reaction. However the MLR project has succeeded in manufacturing in microgravity monodisperse latex particles as large as 30 micrometers in diameter with a standard deviation of 1.4 percent. It is expected that 100 micrometer particles will have been produced by the completion of the the three remaining flights. These tiny, highly uniform latex microspheres have become the first material to be commercially marketed that was manufactured in space. (Author)
Desc.: *CHEMICAL REACTORS; *LATEX; *MICROGRAVITY APPLICATIONS; *MICROPARTICLES; *POLYSTYRENE; *SPACE PROCESSING; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION; POLYMERIZATION; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPHERES
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 90
1377957 A85-29623
Insurance for space systems
FORDYCE, S. W. (Advanced Business Communications, Inc., McLean, VA)
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (ISSN 0733-8716), vol. SAC-3, Jan. 1985, p. 211-214.
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8512
This paper describes the practice of insurance of commerical communications satellites. A historical review of the insurance of previous satellites is included, starting with the initial Comsat coverage of Intelsat satellites and continuing with the coverage of domestic communications satellites of the United States and other administrations. The types of insurance offered and their typical associated rates are discussed, together with an explanation of the coverage, premiums, and losses which have occurred to date. In the wake of the 1984 losses, estimates are provided of the currently available rates. The characteristics associated with direct broadcasting (heavy and expensive spacecraft, large deployable solar arrays, and high-power transmitters) will affect the future insurance rates for these satellites. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACECRAFT RELIABILITY; INTELSAT SATELLITES; MARECS MARITIME SATELLITES; PALAPA SATELLITES; RCA SATCOM SATELLITES; WESTAR SATELLITES
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 91
137735 A85-29025
Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 27th, Lausanne, Switzerland, October 7-13, 1984, Proceedings
Colloquium sponsored by the International Astronautical Federation. New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1985, 426 p. No individual items are abstracted in this volume.
Pub. Date: 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8512
Selected aspects of space law are examined in reviews and reports. Topics discussed include space law and domestic law, space activities and intellectual property (including industrial property), nuclear power sources in outer space, legal aspects of large space structures, conditions essential for maintaining outer space for peaceful uses, and the impact of present and expected uses of outer space on the space environment. Consideration is given to U.S. law applying to land remote sensing, U.S.-government authorization and supervision of nongovernmental space activities, space law and the concepts of Roman law, patent law activities of states in industrial-property technology cooperation, prospects for the demilitarization of manned space stations, jurisdiction problems of large space systems, large structures on the moon, legal measures for the prevention of an arms race in space, collision probabilities in the geostationary ring, and the indivisibility of environmental protection in vertical space. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CONFERENCES; *OUTER SPACE TREATY; *SPACE LAW; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE); ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERNATIONAL LAW ; LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; MILITARY SPACECRAFT; NUCLEAR PROPULSION; ORBIT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION; PATENT POLICY; PUBLIC LAW; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE DEBRIS; SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; SPACE POWER REACTORS; SPACE STATIONS ; SPACE WEAPONS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 92
1376486 N85-20772
Status of the National Space Transportation System
Abstract Only
ABRAHAMSON, J. A.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
In AGARD Space System Applications to Tactical Operations 1 p (SEE N85-20751 11-66)
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A09/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8511
The National Space Transportation System is a national resources serving the government, Department of Defense and commercial needs of the USA and others. Four orbital flight tests were completed July 4, 1982, and the first Operational Flight (STS-5) which placed two commercial communications into orbit was conducted November 11, 1982. February 1983 marked the first flight of the newest orbiter, Challenger. Planned firsts in 1983 include: use of higher performance main engines and solid rocket boosters, around-the-clock crew operations, a night landing, extra-vehicular activity, a dedicated DOD mission, and the first flight of a woman crew member. By the end of 1983, five commercial payloads and two tracking and data relay satellites should be deployed and thirty-seven crew members should have made flights aboard the space shuttle. (Author)
Desc.: *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY; SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES; SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE; TDR SATELLITES
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22B Spacecraft

Y022108 93
1374527 A85-27375
Commercialization of space - Incentives, impediments and alternatives
MARSHALL, H. R., JR. (U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Washington, DC)
Journal of Space Law, vol. 12, Fall 1984, p. 163-173.
Pub. Date: 1984 44 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8511
The major issues concerned with the development of commercial enterprises in space are considered. Attention is given to the need to streamline redundant national and international regulations to permit greater cooperation between firms in the development of such projects is: the NASA Space Station; the ELV; SPOT; and the Ariane ELV project. The possibility of impeding the growth of space enterprises through excessive concern for the political implications of technology transfer is discussed. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LAW; EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; JAPANESE SPACE PROGRAM; LANDSAT SATELLITES; LAUNCH VEHICLES; REGULATIONS; SPACE WEAPONS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 94
1374525 A85-27373
The commercialization of space - Twenty years of experience: Some lessons learned
GANTT, J. B. (Counsel, Hunton and Williams, Washington, DC)
Journal of Space Law, vol. 12, Fall 1984, p. 109-135.
Pub. Date: 1984 105 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE
Most documents available from AIAA Technical Library
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8511
A historical review of the legal issues concerned with global satellite communications is presented. Consideration is given to the important role of the COMSAT agreement (1961 in defining the relationship between government and industry in the promotion and regulation of satellite communications enterprises. The model of international cooperation exemplified by the INTELSAT consortium is also discussed. Some implications of the growing role of FCC regulation in determining economic conditions in the international satellite communications market are also examined. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *COMSAT PROGRAM; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LAW; COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; INTELSAT SATELLITES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ; POLICIES; REGULATIONS; SATELLITE NETWORKS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 95
1373923 A85-6771
The communication-satellite market to the year 2000
De communicatiesatellietmarkt tot het jaar 2000
VAN DUINEN, R. J. (Fokker, Schiphol, Netherlands)
Ruimtevaart, vol. 33, Aug.-Oct. 1984, p. 130-141. In Dutch.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Language: Dutch
Co. of Origin: Netherlands
Co. of Pub.: Netherlands
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA851
The developmental history of communication satellites (CSs) is traced; the demands placed on industry by the increasing sophistication of CS payloads, the need to adapt the CS to different launchers (STS or Ariane), and the requirement of longer service life are reviewed; and the evolution of the markets for fixed (telephone, telex, and facsimile), video, business, and broadcasting service is projected over the period 1980-2000 and illustrated with tables and graphs. It is predicted that the worldwide market, expressed in terms of the demand for 36-Mhz transponders, will increase from 426 in 1980 to 1410 in 1985, 3100 in 1990, 5580 in 1995, and 9870 in 2000, with the main increase in transponders for voice communications. The potential for Netherlands participation in the growth of the CS market is evaluated, and the need for government leadership and for active promotion efforts is stressed. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *MARKET RESEARCH; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; BROADCASTING; LAUNCH VEHICLES; NETHERLANDS; PAYLOADS; TRANSPONDERS; VIDEO COMMUNICATION; VOICE COMMUNICATION
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 96
1372831 N85-19205
Commercial space: Europe should have independent strategy
Joint Publications Research Service, Arlington, Va.
Corp. Source Code: J1957394
In its West Europe Rept.: Sci. and Technol. (JPRS-WST-85-004) p 1-5 (SIE N85-19204 10-31)
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985
Translation Note: Transl. into ENGLISH from Aarde and Kosmos (Netherlands), Nov. - Dec. 1984 p 518-522
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Netherlands
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; TRANSLATION. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A04/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8510
The impact of space commercialization on Europe is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages are discussed with emphasis on the following areas: competition, legal liabilities, economics, and development of European spacecraft. (B.G.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *SPACE STATIONS; EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE); INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; LEGAL LIABILITY; PHOTOGRAPHY; SPACE MANUFACTURING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 97
1372830 N85-19204
West Europe report: Science and technology
Joint Publ.s Research Service, Arlington, Va.
Corp. Source Code: J1957394
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985 73P.
Translation Note: Transl. into ENGLISH from various West European articles
Report No.: JPRS-WST-85-004
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Netherlands
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: COLLECTED WORK; TRANSLATION. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A04/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8510
News items, abstracts, and scientific reports on aspects of science and technology including aerospace engineering, automobile industry, computers, microelectronics, biotechnology, and technology transfer are described.
For individual titles see N85-19205 through N85-19210.
Desc.: *AEROSPACE ENGINEERING; *AUTOMOBILES; *BIOTECHNOLOGY; *COMPUTERS; *MICROELECTRONICS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; BIOCHEMISTRY; COMPUTER VISION; GENETICS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION
Sub. Class.: 7531 Engineering--General (1975-)

Y022108 98
1372619 N85-18993
Commerce lab: Mission analysis and payload integration study
Interim Progress Report
Wyle Labs., Inc., Huntsville, Ala.
Corp. Source Code: W9307657
Pub. Date: Dec. 1984 87P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-174381; NAS 1.26: 174381
Contract No.: NAS8-36109
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A05/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8510
Conceived as one or more arrays of carriers which would fly aboard space shuttle, Commerce Lab can provide a point of focus for implementing a series of shuttle flights, co-sponsored by NASA and U.S. domestic concerns, for performing materials processing in research and pre-commercial investigations. As an orbiting facility for testing, developing, and implementing hardware and procedures, Commerce Lab can enhance space station development and hasten space platform production capability. Tasks considered include: (1) synthesis of user requirements and identification of common element and voids; (2) definition of performance and infrastructure requirement and alternative approaches; and (3) carrier, mission model, and infrastructure development. (A.R.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *REDUCED GRAVITY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LABORATORIES; *SPACE PROCESSING; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *USER REQUIREMENTS; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; INTERFACES; MISSION PLANNING; PAYLOAD INTEGRATION PLAN; SPACEBORNE EXPERIMENTS; TRADEOFFS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 99
1372103 A85-25923
How to build a space station and why - The OTA assessed
BULLOCH, C.
Interavia (ISSN 0020-5168), vol. 40, Feb. 1985, p. 168-171.
Pub. Date: Feb. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Switzerland
Co. of Pub.: Switzerland
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8510
Economical aspects of NASA's Space Station project are discussed, taking account of the short-term expenses and the long-term advantages of the 8, 000-million-dollar station. The discussion is based in a report by the Office of Technology Assessment, 'Civilian Space Stations and the U.S. Future in Space'. A NASA-sponsored conference in 1983 defined 107 specific missions as candidates for Space Station payloads or experiments; for those of the multiple users which would suffer unacceptable degradation from sharing the platform, small dedicated platforms were proposed. Moreover, the European involvement in the program is encouraged in the report with respect to the non-U.S aspirations to join the Space Station operational team, rather than remaining hardware suppliers and/or tolerate users of intrinsically separate facilities. Equivalent European projects are also summarized. (L.T.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE STATIONS; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; ECONOMICS; EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 100
1371877 A85-25697
Space - The future of mankind
MUELLER, G.
Spaceflight (ISSN 0038-6340), vol. 27, March 1985, p. 104-107.
Pub. Date: Mar. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8510
Major advances in the fields of communication and air and space travel over the course of this century are reviewed, and the future plans concerning space travel are looked into for two decades ahead. Among the future programs mentioned are: a continuously manned modular space station, with each module being capable of accommodating 12 people, which would be the prototype of the lunar and planetary expedition modules; a nuclear-powered interorbital shuttle; and the possibility of creating a lunar colony. (L.T.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ASTRONOMICAL TELESCOPES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE STATIONS; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; *TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; ASTEROIDS; ASTROPHYSICS; CRYOGENIC COOLING; NASA PROGRAMS; REDUCED GRAVITY; REMOTE SENSING; SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR; X RAY ASTRONOMY
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 101
1369816 A85-24653
Space industrialization and the social agenda
SALMON, J. D. (West Florida, University, Pensacola, FL)
Space Solar Power Review (ISSN 0191-9067), vol. 4, 1983, p. 273-283.
Pub. Date: 1983 24 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8509
Design of a political and economic regime for exploitation of space resources is complicated by disputes, frequently ideological, over how or whether to combine private enterprise and governmental enterprise, national vs. international controls, and the relative roles of rich and poor nations. Historical experience in opening 'new worlds' suggests that combined governmental and private enterprise is the normal procedure. Present international conditions suggest that unilateral development is infeasible. Poor nations are concerned with how space resources are developed and with assuring themselves access to a share of the benefits. Use of 'mixed models' combining private and governmental enterprise incorporating methods to assure that the benefits of space industries do not accrue only to the already rich nations, requires forethought and a reduction in the ideological content of policy designs. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; *SOCIAL FACTORS; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS; ECONOMIC FACTORS; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; MARKET RESEARCH; OUTER SPACE TREATY; POLITICS
Sub. Class.: 7580 Social Sciences--General (1975-)

Y022108 102
1367548 N85-17750
International cooperation and competition in civilian space activites
Summary Report
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
Pub. Date: Jul. 1984 35P.
Report No.: OTA-ISC-240
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A03/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8508
The state of international competition in civilian space activities is assessed, U.S. civilian objectives in space are explored, and alternative options are suggested for enhancing the overall U.S. position in space technologies and space science. Past, present, and projected international cooperative arrangements for space activities are investigated and their relationship to competition in space is examined. The relationship between space policy and foreign policy is examined with respect to the extent that they affect international civilian activities in space. Two major problems which dominate the organization and implementation of U.S. civilian policies towards space are identified: there is no national consensus about long term goals and activities, and the political and economic dimension of space activities now exceed the purview of any one government agency. ( A.R.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMPETITION; *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *POLICIES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; AEROSPACE SCIENCES; COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; MARKETING; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; NASA PROGRAMS REMOTE SENSING; SPACE PROCESSING
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 103
1366779 N85-16981
Commerce Lab: Mission analysis and payload integration study
Interim Progress Report
Wyle Labs., Inc., El Segundo, Calif.
Corp. Source Code: W9109855
Pub. Date: Dec. 1984 91P.
Report No.: NASA-CR-171272; NAS 1.26: 171272
Contract No.: NAS8-36109
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A05/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8508
The needs of an aggressive commercial microgravity program are identified, space missions are defined, and infrastructural issues are identified and analyzed. A commercial laboratory, commerce lab, is conceived to be one or more an array of carriers which would fly aboard the space shuttle and accommodate microgravity science experiment payloads. Commerce lab is seen as a logical transition between currently planned space shuttle missions and future microgravity missions centered around the space station. (R.S.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *MISSION PLANNING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LABORATORIES; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; REDUCED GRAVITY; SPACE STATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 104
1365582 A85-21620
The manned Space Station - NASA's last hurrah
LASSER, W. (Clemson University, Clemson, SC)
Technology Review (ISSN 0040-1692), vol. 88, Feb.-Mar. 1985, p. 12, 13.
Pub. Date: Mar. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann: IAA8508
An evaluation is made of the changing cultural and political climate of the U.S., with a view to its impact on the funding of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the projected permanent Space Station. Public interest in space exploration and exploitation activities is noted to have waned since the 1960s, when a widespread perception of the dependency of national prestige on space-related achievements existed and formed the basis of generous funding appropriations for NASA. An especially potent threat to the financial viability of the NASA Space Shuttle and Space Station programs comes from foreign payload launch services' development, and from the growing commercial launch services sector. (O.C.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MANNED SPACECRAFT; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION ; *SPACE STATIONS; FEDERAL BUDGETS; POLITICS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 105
1363935 N85-15787
Results of principal NASA studies on space station uses and functional requirements
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
In its Civilian Space Stations and the US Future in Space p 141-158 (SEE N85-15781 07-18)
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
Working groups were established in 1982 to prepare for and coordinate a planning program to acquire a long term in-space inhabited structure, a civilian space station. To support its space station task force, as well as help clarify various issues, NASA authorized a series of parallel investigations of the potential desires for and characteristics of a space station. Eight aerospace companies and their subcontractors, in addition to Canada, the European Space Agency, and Japan studied the issues. Related investigations of possible nonaerospace industry interest were also conducted by consulting firms. Major findings of all these groups are presented. (A.R.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS; *LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; *MISSION PLANNING; *SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; *USER REQUIREMENTS; CONTRACTORS ; COST ANALYSIS; EARTH ORBITS; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; SCHEDULES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 106
1363934 N85-15786
Toward a goal-oriented civilian space program
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
In its Civilian Space Stations and the US Future in Space p 113-129 (SEE N85-15781 07-18)
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
If the civilian space activities of the United States are to maintain widespread and enthusiastic public support, they should aspire to protect, ease, challenge, and/or improve the human condition. Long-range goals that would guide the conduct of the Nation's space activities in general are listed. Possible civilian space objectives that the United States (in cooperation with other countries, in most cases) could attain within the second quarter-century of the space age are discussed. Some of these objectives, if they are to be achieved, would require certain elements of inspace infrastructure; others, depending on how they would be carried out, may or may not require such elements; still others would require none. The manner in which the United States obtains any of this infrastructure is considered. Rough estimates for the cost of each conceptual objective are given, and the length of time over which each would be pursued is discussed. (B.W.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *GOALS; *LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COST EFFECTIVENESS; COST ESTIMATES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; SCHEDULES; SPACE EXPLORATION; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 107
1363933 N85-15785
Broadening the debate
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
In its Civilian Space Stations and the US Future in Space p 103-110 (SEE N85-15781 07-18)
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
The creation, a U.S. civilian space station program is described as a means to various ends rather than an end in itself. The ends proposed may be grouped into four categories: (1) industrial (e.g., manufacturing materials); (2) commercial (e.g., servicing satellites); (3) scientific (e.g., conducting experiments in the life sciences); and (4) national security (e.g., maintaining a permanent U.S. manned presence). Potential users and potential suppliers of a U.S. space station program are discussed. The need for goals and objectives for a new U.S. civilian space effort is considered. The role of U.S. space policy in the evolution of the present day civilian space program is discussed. President Reagan's call for a space station is addressed, and his directions on the natio'ns aspiration in regard to it are discussed. (B.W.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *DECISION MAKING; *EARTH ORBITS; *GOALS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES; *PURPOSES; *SPACE PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; POLICIES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 108
1363931 N85-15783
Space infrastructure
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
In its Civilian Space Stations and the US Future in Space p 49-82 (SEE N85-15781 07-18)
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984 1 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
Low-Earth-orbit environment; data management; communications; electromagnetic interference; attitude control and stabilization; power; thermal energy management; propulsion; life support systems; space transportation; and space infrastructure are examined. (B.G.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; *SPACE STATIONS; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION; *SPACELAB; AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS; DATA MANAGEMENT; LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS; MISSION PLANNING; STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 109
1363930 N85-15782
Issues and findings
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK421004
In its Civilian Space Stations and the US Future in Space p 35-46 (SEE N85-15781 07-18)
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
Long-term space goals and objectives; international space cooperation; cost reductions; transitions from NASA to civilian management; low-Earth-orbit infrastructure; non-government policy studies; and creation of space policy study centers are discussed. (B.G.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *POLICIES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; *SPACE STATIONS; CONTRACTORS; COST REDUCTION; EARTH ORBITS; INDUSTRIES; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 110
1363929 N85-15781
Civilian space stations and the US future in space
Office of Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C.
Corp. Source Code: OK42104
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984 238P.
Report No.: OTA-STI-241; LC-84-601136
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
The U.S. aerospace industry is now beginning to position itself to provide space assets and services independently, and anticipates conducting in space investigations and commercial-industrial activities privately financed, either on its own or in combination with other business concerns. The leaders of the U.S. civilian space community have advanced the view that the next major logical step in space should be the acquisition of specific, permanent in space infrastructure: a civilian space station. The following aspects involved in a shift to civilian space station are discussed: space infrastructure, buyer's guide; uses and functions, international concepts, federal budgets, cost containment, and policies. For individual titles see N85-15782 through N85-15792.
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE STATIONS; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COSTS; FEDERAL BUDGETS; GOALS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 111
1363913 N8-15765
BDLI memorandum on the future of space flight in the Federal Republic of Germany
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984 64P.
Translation Note: Transl. into ENGLISH of ""BDLI-Memorandum zur Zukunft der Raumfahrt in der Bundesrepublic Deutschland'' Bundesverband der Deutschen Luftfahrt-, Ramfahrt und Ausruestungsindustrie E.V., Bonn, 1984 p 1-90
Publ. Note: Transl. by The Corporate Word, Inc., Pittsburgh
Report No.: NASA-TM-77624; NAS 1.15: 77624
Contract No.: NASW-4006
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT; TRANSLATION. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: NTIS HC A04/MF A01
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8507
The future of the aerospace effort in the Federal Republic of Germany is reviewed. The status of the aerospace industry in the FRG is compared with that in other countries and various areas of research are explored in terms of their relevance to the German economy and to the FRG's position as a competitor in the world market. (Author)
Desc.: *AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; *SPACE FLIGHT; *WEST GERMANY; ECONOMY; EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE; GROUND STATIONS; MARKETING; SATELLITE NAVIGATION SYSTEMS; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION; WEIGHTLESSNESS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)
COSATI Code: 22A Astronautics

Y022108 112
1363530 A85-20642
Commercialization of remote sensing data - Its impact on the continuity and accessibility of remote sensing data, including response to standing orders as well as on the standardization of products
BRACHET, G. (SPOT IMAGE, Toulouse, France)
United Nations, International Meeting of Experts on Remote Sensing Information Systems, Feldafing and Oberpfaffenhoven, West Germany, May 7-11, 1984, Paper. 14 p.
Pub. Date: May 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8507
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *INFORMATION SYSTEMS; *REMOTE SENSING; *SATELLITE GROUND SUPPORT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPOT (FRENCH SATELLITE); *UNITED NATIONS; DATA SYSTEMS; GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS; IMAGE PROCESSING; STANDARDIZATION; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7543 Earth Resources (1975-)

Y022108 113
1363511 A85-20623
Development of direct broadcasting satellite systems in the USA
REINHART, E. E. (Satellite Television Corp., Washington, DC)
Hermann Oberth Gesellschaft, Symposium uebe Satelliten fuer Rundfunk und Fernsehen, Berlin, West Germany, Sept. 2, 3, 1983, Paper. 26 p.
Pub. Date: Sep. 1983
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: Germany, Federal Republic of
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8507
The technical and operational features of the proposed direct-to-the-home broadcasting satellite (DBS) systems are described and the domestic and international rules and regulations that guide their development are summarized. The characteristics of the eight high-powered DBS systems that have been granted construction permits for the 12.2-12.7 GHz band and the relevant domestic regulations are described. The corresponding international regulatory framework for the development of such systems is considered. The international and domestic rules for the development of medium-powered DBS systems in the 11.7-12.2 GHz band and the characteristics of the three systems proposed so far for this band are described. The generic capabilities and limitations of the two categories of DBS systems are compared and some of the factors that will affect their further development are discussed. (C.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *BROADCASTING; *DOMESTIC SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS; *FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT; *ORBIT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION; *SATELLITE TELEVISION; *SPACE LAW; DOWNLINKING; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; TRANSPONDERS; UNITED STATES
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 114
1363400 A85-20512
Astrobusiness: A guide to the commerce and law of outer space (Book)
FINCH, E. R., JR. (Finch and Schaefler, New York, NY); MOORE, A. L.
New York, Praeger, 1985, 157 p.
Pub. Date: 1985 89 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: BOOK
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8507
This book documents the commercialization of outer space by the incredible growth of space-related opportunities for the private sector. The commercial uses of space are related to communications, remote sensing, space manufacturing, and energy. Possibilities of a manufacture in space are considered for pharmaceuticals, electronics, glass, and metallurgy. Structures for space discussed include Spacelab, space platforms, the Space Station, and space structures in geostationary orbit, a high orbit between the earth and the moon, and on the moon itself. Attention is also given to space transportation services, space risks and liabilities, questions regarding the financing of business in space, the national space law, international space law, and the militarization of space. An outlook is provided regarding future commercial space business opportunities. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE LAW; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE); FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; LEGAL LIABILITY; MILITARY SPACECRAFT; ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SPACE MANUFACTURING ; SPACE PLATFORMS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 115
1363288 A85-20400
Synergy in space - Man-robot cooperation
WALTERS, S.
Mechanical Engineering ISSN 0025-6501), vol. 107, Jan. 1985, p. 26-37.
Pub. Date: Jan. 1985
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8507
The forecast of U.S. national space strategy for the next 25 years and beyond, as announced by President Reagan in October, 1983, is concerned with the permanent occupation of space by man. In connection with plans for the implementation of such an occupation, NASA has considered the concept of a 'flotilla' with a manned base in the center, a utility core, a modular laboratory, and an orbital service station. The presence of man and machines, in particular computer-linked machines, is to provide possibilities for the continuous exploitation of space. Studies have identified automation, robotics, and machine intelligence systems (ARAMIS) as an important contributor to the productivity of orbital factories. Attention is given to aspects of 'telepresence', plans for 1995 and beyond, the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV), OMV applications, the support of materials-processing platforms, telepresence technology, a stereo-optic vision system, manipulator arms, end-effectors, communications, and long-term plans and goals. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS; *ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; *ROBOTS; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; COMPUTER VISION; EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY; MANIPULATORS; ORBITAL MANEUVERING VEHICLES; ORBITAL SERVICING; SPACE PLATFORMS
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 116
1360486 A85-18469
NASA formulates policy to spur private investment
COVAULT, C.
Aviation Week and Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175), vol. 121, Nov. 26, 1984, p. 18, 19.
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8506
Features of the new NASA commercial space policy are delineated. The policy is intended to stimulate commercial participation in space through research, facility sharing, clearly defined procedures, organization and outreach programs. NASA will provide seed money to industry, purchase commercial space products, make the Shuttle/Spacelab configuration available to industry once a year, and will invest in facilities in space that will be of use for commercial purpose. Legal research is being performed to ascertain if NASA's charter should be altered to permit several of the activities put forth in the policy statement. Payload charges will be lowered for seed enterprises and NASA has made it policy to avoid a regulatory role in commercial space ventures. Some benefits will not be available to companies who do not sign a Joint Endeavor Agreement with NASA. Attempts will be expended to increase the flow of NASA-developed technology and data to the private sector and to portray space as a new commercial frontier for the U.S. to the public. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM FLIGHTS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 117
1357717 A76-46175
A new era of space transportation - Future programs
YARDLEY, J. F. (NASA, Office of Space Flight, Washington, D.C.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 27th, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 10-16, 1976, 9 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1976
Report No.: IAF PAPERV-76-2
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organizaton
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7623
The Space Transportation System - Space Shuttle, Spacelab and Upper Stages - is described from the point of view of systems and operations. Future plans concerning the permanent occupancy of space are examined with emphasis on the Space Construction Base, Advanced Transportation Systems and Space Industrialization plans. (B.J.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MISSION PLANNING; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE SHUTTLES; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; *UPPER STAGE ROCKET ENGINES; INDUSTRIAL PLANTS; INTERIM STAGES (SPACECRAFT); ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION; SPACE ERECTABLE STRUCTURES; SPACE MANUFACTURING SPACELAB
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 118
1357706 A76-46164
Legal aspects of space activities by private enterprises - Introductory report
BOECKSTIEGEL, K.-H. (Koeln, Universitaet, Cologne, West Germany)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 27th, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 10-16, 1976, 6 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1976 12 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER ISL-76-61
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IA7623
Legal aspects of the admissibility of space activities carried out by private enterprise are examined. Commercial use of outer space is found to be admissible if certain conditions are met: (1) the same limitations which apply to states in the Outer Space Treaty, and (2) the duty of the home state of the commercial enterprise to authorize and supervise the space activities of that enterprise. Liability aspects are discussed in reference to the private use of space. (B.J.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *INTERNATIONAL LAW; *LEGAL LIABILITY; *OUTER SPACE TREATY; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE LAW; REGULATIONS; RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 119
1357674 A76-46132
NASA philosophy concerning space stations as operations centers for construction and maintenance of large orbiting energy systems
FREITAG, R. F. NASA, Office of Space Flight, Washington, D.C.)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 27th, Anaheim, Calif., Oct. 10-16, 1976, 9 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1976
Report No.: IAF PAPER 76-119
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7623
Future United States plans for manned space-flight activities are summarized, emphasizing the long-term goals of achieving permanent occupancy and limited self-sufficiency in space. NASA-sponsored studies of earth-orbiting Space Station concepts are reviewed along with lessons learned from the Skylab missions. Descriptions are presented of the Space Transportation System, the Space Construction Base, and the concept of space industrialization (the processing and manufacturing of goods in space). Future plans for communications satellites, solar-power satellites, terrestrial observations from space stations, and manned orbital-transfer vehicles are discussed. (F.G.M.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SATELLITE SOLAR POWER STATIONS; *SPACE MAINTENANCE; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; *SPACE STATIONS; MANNED SPACE FLIGHT; SKYLAB PROGRAM; SPACE BASES; SPACE LABORATORIES; SPACE TRANSPORTATION; TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; TRANSFER ORBITS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 120
1357324 A76-45782
Future of VTOL and other radical concepts
MILLER, R. H. (MIT, Cambridge, Mass.)
In: The future of aeronautical transportation; Proceedings of the Princeton University Conference, Princeton, N.J., November 10, 11, 1975. (A76-45776 23-03) Princeton, N.J., Princeton University, 1976, p. 6-1 to 6-25.
Pub. Date: 1976
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7623
The paper considers the future of short and long haul air transportation from the economic, social and technical points of view. The use of VTOL for short haul and suburban transportation is examined, as is the use of suborbital hypersonic transport for long (up to antipodal) distances. (B.J.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AIR TRANSPORTATION; *AIRCRAFT DESIGN; *HYPERSONIC AIRCRAFT *SHORT HAUL AIRCRAFT; *VERTICAL TAKEOFF AIRCRAFT; AIRLINE OPERATIONS; COST ANALYSIS; DEMAND (ECONOMICS); MARKET RESEARCH; SPACE SHUTTLES; TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; URBAN TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7503 Air Transportation & Safety (1975-)

Y022108 121
1350444 A76-38902
Contributions to air and space law: Publ. in honor of Alex Meyer ( Book)
Beitraege zum Luft- und Weltraumrecht: Festschrift zu Ehren von Alex Meyer
BODENSCHATZ, M., (ED.) (Delvag Luftfahrtversicherungs AG, Cologne, West Germany; BOECKSTIEGEL, K.-H.; WEIDES, P. (Koeln, Universitaet, Cologne, West Germany)
Cologne, Carl Heymanns Verlag 1975. 492 p. In German, English, French, Spanish, and Flemish.
Pub. Date: 1975
Language: MULTIPLE
Co. of Publ.: Germany, Federal Republic of
Doc. Type: COLLECTED WORK
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7619
Subjects of air law considered are related to air traffic regulations for the Federal Republic of Germany concerning flights at supersonic speeds, preventive legal protection concerning administrative proceedings related to air-law planning procedures, the adoptation of air-law regulations by West Berlin, and air-passenger accident insurance as a supplementary compensation regulation in accordance with the Guatemala Protocol. The topics of space law discussed include the position of space law in the general legal structure, the significance of the term 'peaceful' in the Space Treaty of 1967, the utilization of space as problem for a future international order, and legal questions related to a utilization of space and the celestial bodies by a private enterprise. Individual items are announced in this issue (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AIR TRAFFIC; *AIRLINE OPERATIONS; *INTERNATIONAL LAW; *SPACE LAW; AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS; CELESTIAL BODIES; FLIGHT CONTROL; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; LAW (JURISPRUDENCE); LEGAL LIABILITY; SUPERSONIC FLIGHT; WEST GERMANY
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 122
1343390 A76-31848
Report of the MIT Solar Energy Working Group (Book) ; et al.
Research supported by the MIT Cabot Solar Energy Fund. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Energy Laboratory, 1976. 8 p.
Pub. Date: 1976 53 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Publ.: U. S.
Doc. Type: BOOK
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7614
Future directions of research in the field of solar energy at MIT are recommended. The order of implementation of solar energy schemes is predicted to be: passive architectural use of the sun to complement an energy-conserving indoor environment; the burning of wood and waste biomass; hot water supply for a significant fraction of the population; space heating on a large scale; industrial process heat and intermediate temperature heat for air conditioning. The problems of energy storage, sunlight concentration, and policy and legal issues are considered. The state of the art in specific solar technologies, including solar photovoltaic conversion, photolytic and electrolytic production of fuels, fuel production from biomass, and solar thermal electric generation, is summarized. It is recommended that research efforts be directed towards energy production at costs which are competitive with energy produced from fossil fuels at current prices. (C.K.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *DOMESTIC ENERGY; *ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; *SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION; *TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; COST ANALYSIS; ELECTROLYSIS; ENERGY CONSERVATION; ENERGY POLICY; ENERGY STORAGE; PHOTOLYSIS; PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION; SOLAR ENERGY ABSORBERS; TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION; WASTE ENERGY UTILIZATION; WINDPOWER UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: ?744 Energy Production & Conversion (1975-)

Y022108 123
1343035 A76-31493
Some observations of European collaborative projects (in aerospace field)
BOORER, N. W. (British Aircraft Corp., Ltd., London, England)
In: Technology for the new horizon; Proceedings of the Thirteenth Space Congress, Cocoa Beach, Fla., April 7-9, 1976. (A76-31476 14-12) Cocoa Beach, Fla., Canaveral Co. of Technical Societies, 1976, p. 5-25 to 5-45.
Pub. Date:  1976
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: United Kingdom
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA7614
The history of European collaborative projects in the aerospace field is outlined. Driving forces behind the formation of collaborative projects in aerospace, including extension of the market and pooling of resources, especially financial, are discussed. The organization and management of the Jaguar and Concorde projects is described, and the role of different European organizations, including JATO, the European Space Agency, the European Civil Aviation Conference, and Eurogroup in fostering collaborative research and development programs is considered briefly. The development of variable wing sweep technology is discussed in detail. Future market opportunities for the products of collaborative efforts in the development of military and civil aircraft are examined. (C.K.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE SYSTEMS; *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *PROJECT MANAGEMENT; *RESEARCH PROJECTS; CIVIL AVIATION; EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; MANAGEMENT PLANNING; MARKET RESEARCH; NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO); RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT; RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Sub. Class.: 7501 Aeronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 124
1340953 N85-14201
Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization Act
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (U. S. Senate).
Corp. Source Code: CX356189
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: 1984 35P.
Presentation Note: Rept. to accompany H. R. 5155 presented by the Comm. on Com., Sci. and Transportation, 98th Congr., 2nd Sess., 17 May 1984
Report No.: S-REPT-98-458
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: US Capitol, Senate Document Room
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8505
A bill is described which provides a framework for a phased, orderly commercialization of land remote sensing technologies. The commercialization ramework includes provisions for appropriate Government regulation of private land remote sensing, continued Federal research and development in remote sensing, and continue. Government archiving of land remote sensing data. (A.R.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *REMOTE SENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; CONTRACTS ECONOMIC IMPACT; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; LANDSAT SATELLITES; LICENSING; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; PRIVACY; REGULATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7543 Earth Resources (1975-)

Y022108 125
1339371 A85-16304
A future European launcher - Ariane 5/Hermes
CRETENET, J. C.; MARX, P. (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Evny, Essonne, France)
(European Space Symposium, 18th, London, England, June 8, 9, 1983) British Interplanetary Society, Journal (Space Technology) (ISSN 0007-084X), vol. 37, Dec. 1984, p. 547-553.
Publ. Date: Dec. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8505
The development of the Ariane launch vehicle was begun in Europe ten years ago to provide independence in terms of the commercial exploitation of telecommunications satellites. In connection with the spectacular development of the satellite market and, consequently, the launch services market, Ariane has now also a commercial objective, which is related to the penetration of the international launch services market. The current capacity of Ariane is adequate for short and medium-term European launch requirements. However, in the longer term, Ariane's capacity is insufficient and a new launcher is needed. It is attempted to evaluate future launching requirements for the 1995-2000 period, taking into account competing launch resources related to the U.S. Space Shuttle. The results of this evaluation lead to a discussion of the characteristics of the Ariane 5, which is to be the new launcher for the 1990s. Attention is given to improved geostationary orbit service, low orbit injection, and the Hermes European manned system. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *HYPERSONIC GLIDERS; *REUSABLE SPACECRAFT; CRYOGENIC ROCKET PROPELLANTS; SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES; SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 126 
339370 A85-16303
Commercial utilisation of space - New business opportunities
BELLAGAMBA, L.; ROBINETT, K. H. (Rockwell International Corp., Downey, CA)
British Interplanetary Society, Journal (Space Technology) (ISSN 0007-084X), vol. 37, Dec. 1984, p. 541-546.
Pub. Date: Dec. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8505
This paper identifies exploitable space resources which allow for commercialization. Commercial utilization of space implies private industry ownership and operation of facilities in space to produce goods or to provide services for profit. The tier structure of the industry and the forces creating this structure are explained. The authors argue that widespread involvement should be welcomed by participants, as it lowers the entry risk to all. Simple, but useful, procedures are presented to estimate the development and operating costs of a new space business. To serve as illustrative examples, the charters, customers, products, facilities, and profitability potentials of several space station business opportunities are summarized. The market, legal and institutional issues which may pose barriers to commercial utilization of space are discussed. Finally, some actions are recommended for managers interested in pursuing their own commercial space opportunities. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *MARKETING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; COSTS; INTERNATIONAL LAW; MANAGEMENT; SPACE STATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 127
1339369 85-16302
Future prospects in space envisaged by a forum of European space companies
TOUSSAINT, M. (Eurospace, Paris, France)
(European Space Symposium, 18th, London, England, June 8, 9, 1983) British Interplanetary Society, Journal (Space Technology) (ISSN 0007-084X), vol. 37, Dec. 1984, p. 537-540.
Pub. Date: Dec. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE; CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8505
In June 1980, Eurospace, the Association of the European space industry, presented a paper based on a set of proposals for a European long term space program. A study of this paper shows that the effort devoted by Europe to space activities was decreasing. The current situation (1983) is compared with the situation three years earlier. It is found that the ESA budget is slightly higher than in 1979. However, little attention has been paid to proposals regarding large space platforms and recoverable launchers. Now the Future Prospects Group representing the industrial interest in Eurospace has been set up, and the progress of this group is discussed. Attention is given to the level of Europe's space activities in a worldwide context, the mean annual value of governmental and commercial markets accessible to the European space industry, developments in the communication market,  the Ariane market, the development of a new generation of launchers for 1992, and the space industrialization market. ( G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *EUROPEAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *MARKETING; INVESTMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 128
1338530 A85-15463
Intelsat Business services
LEE, J.; CUMMINS, M.; JAMSHIDI, S.; PERILLAN, L. (International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, Washington, DC)
IN: International Conference on Digital Satellite Communications, 6th, Phoenix, AZ, September 19-23, 1983, Proceedings (A85-15451 04-32). New York, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1983, p. III-1 to III-11.
Pub. Date: 1983
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: International Organization
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8504
A new international digital business service will soon be introduced by Intelsat that will include videoconferencing, data transfer, high-speed facsimile, electronic mail, remote printing, and voice applications. This paper presents the background information concerning the development of the global Intelsat business Services (IBS). It addresses the potential international market, service concept and service features. Considerations pertaining to system design such as space segment provision, network concepts and network interconnect architectures are discussed. Finally, a transmission analysis relating to the Standard E and F earth stations, which would be used to carry IBS in the K-band and C-band, respectively, is presented. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *DATA TRANSMISSION; *INTELSAT SATELLITES; *SATELLITE NETWORKS; *TELECONFERENCING; *VIDEO COMMUNICATION; *VOICE COMMUNICATION; DIGITAL SYSTEMS; EARTH TERMINALS; FACSIMILE COMMUNICATION NETWORK CONTROL SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING; SYSTEMS INTEGRATION
Sub. Class.: 7532 Communications (1975-)

Y022108 129
1337990 A85-14923
Financing space industrialization
COHN, S. M.; COHN, T. A.
Space World (ISSN 0038-6332), vol. U-11-251, Nov. 1984, p. 4-9.
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8504
The components of an infrastructure for space industrialization and the methods of financing it are described. Phases of financing involve the government formation of a partnership between government and private industry and space industrialists operating independently. The Taxpayer Stock Corporation, which may be an alternative to forced financial support of a space infrastructure, and the Space Industrialization Corporation are discussed. An opinion survey on the many uses of space, part of which sampled the public at large regarding space industrialization, and the results of an experiment carried out on Space Shuttle flights, involving the production of uniform and precise latex particles to be used as a standard for calibrating sensitive scientific instruments, have been examined. (M.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; PUBLIC RELATIONS; SPACE MANUFACTURING
Sub. Class.: 7583 Economics & Cost Analysis (1975-)

Y022108 130
1337308 N85-13690
Commercial Space Launch Act
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation (U. S. Senate).
Corp. Source Code: CX356189
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: 1984 72P.
Presentation Note: Hearing on S. 2931 before the Subcomm. on Sci., Technol. and Space of the Comm. on Com., Sci. and Transportation, 98th Congr., 1st Sess., 6 Sep. 1984
Report No.: GPO-39-613
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8504
Several initiatives designed to develop the commercial potential of space through increased private sector investments and involvement are considered. The primary focus is on 2931 which seeks to facilitate private sector space launch activity by establishing the Department of Transportation as the lead Federal agency with licensing authority over private expandable launch vehicle operations and by providing a framework within which this new industry can most effectively operate. Economic, regulatory, and legal incentives are covered as well as NASA support for commercial space ventures. (A.R.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *REGULATIONS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING; COMPETITION; LICENSING; NASA PROGRAMS; PAYLOADS; SPACE TRANSPORTATION
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 131
1336545 N85-12927
Review of Space Shuttle requirements, operations, and future plans
DAWSON, H. S., JR.
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984  45P.
Presentation Note: Rept. presented by the Subcomm. on Space Sci. and Appl. of the Comm. on Sci. and Technol., 98th Congr., 2nd Sess., Oct. 1984
Report No.: GPO-39-101
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: OTHER. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8504
The following issues were discussed: long term plans; STS organization and management; launch rate trends; government use of ELV's; user perceptions; orbiter turn around times; operating costs; pricing policies; need for additional orbiters; hardware improvements; second generation Space Shuttles; spare parts and logistics support; and flight safety. (B.G.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *GOALS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *POLICIES; *SPACE SHUTTLES; COST EFFECTIVENESS; FLIGHT SAFETY; LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT; MARKETING; OPERATING COSTS; PAYLOADS
Sub. Class.: 7516 Space Transportation (1975-)

Y022108 132
1336072 A85-13914
The first space product
BIRD, J.
Spaceflight (ISSN 0038-6340), vol. 26, Nov. 1984, p. 422, 423.
Pub. Date: Nov. 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: United Kingdom
Co. of Pub.: United Kingdom
Doc. Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
The processing and applications of the latex spheres manufactured in the monodisperse latex reactor (MLR) flown on six STS missions are described. Spheres of 2 microns diameter are first made on earth, then placed in the MLR on the Shuttle to begin heated chemical reactions, which are accelerated once the spacecraft is in space. Uniform batches of 30 microns diameter spheres have thus far been obtained. Spheres formed on earth lack uniformity, which is high enough with the space-processed spheres that they can be used to calibrate microscopes or be injected in blood to trace circulation. The spheres are about to be marketed at $20, 000/oz., and have been certified as reference material by the National Bureau of Standards. ( M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *LATEX; *LOW GRAVITY MANUFACTURING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION ; *SPACE PROCESSING; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; CHEMICAL REACTORS; PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT; SPHERES
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 133
1335349 A85-13191
The challenge of advanced space transportation and propulsion systems
LARSON, V. R. (Rockwell International Corp., Rocketdyne Div., Canoga Park, CA)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 32 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984  19 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-310
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
In connection with trends related to developments concerning space transportation, space missions, and the utilization of space, challenges arise. The present investigation is concerned with these challenges, taking into account aspects of system definition and economic evaluation. In an examination of the current situation, it is found that for a reduction of space transportation costs it would be most beneficial to lower the cost for the boost (earth-to-LEO) phase. A 50 percent reduction in this phase would reduce LEO (low-earth-orbit) cost to the 500 to 750 U.S. $/lb range. Space missions are discussed, taking into account requirements, projections of future flights, the replacement market (GEO satellites), competing technologies and future growth, and large space stations. Attention is also given to propulsion conceps, expendable and reusable LEO-to-GEO transfer vehicles, space transfer economics, and planetary and other scientific space missions. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION; *SPACECRAFT PROPULSION; LAUNCH VEHICLES; SPACE MISSIONS; SPACE STATIONS; SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES; TRANSFER ORBITS
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 134
1335308 A85-13150
A report on spacecraft insurance
MALATRE, L. (Gras S?voye, S.A., Neuilly-sur-Seine, Hauts-de-Seine, France)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 24 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-234
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
The history, risks, and present situation of spacecraft insurance are discussed. The contractual aspects of commercial satellite activities are reviewed in order to determine the responsibilities of the various parties involved. The insurance coverages which have been developed to cover these responsibilities are described. The statistical results for satellite insurance are examined and the reaction of insurers to those results is reviewed. (C.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE LAW; *SPACECRAFT RELIABILITY; CONTRACTS; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; LEGAL LIABILITY; MARKETING; RISK; SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 135
1335303 A8-13145
An overview of the 1984 Battelle outside users payload model
DAY, J. B.; CONLON, R. J.; NEALE, D. B.; FISCHER, N. H. (Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 8 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-229
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
The methodology and projections from a model for the market for non-NASA, non-DOD, reimbursable payloads from the non-Soviet bloc countries over the 1984-2000 AD time period are summarized. High and low forecast ranges were made based on demand forecasts by industrial users, NASA estimates, and other publications. The launches were assumed to be alloted to either the Shuttle or the Ariane. The greatest demand for launch services is expected to come form communications and materials processing payloads, the latter either becoming a large user or remaining a research item. The number of Shuttle payload equivalents over the reference time spanis projected as 84-194, showing the large variance that is dependent on the progress in materials processing operations. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *PAYLOADS; *SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; *SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; *TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES ; DEMAND (ECONOMICS); MISSION PLANNING; SPACE PROCESSING; USER REQUIREMENTS
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 136
1335300 A85-13142
Activities in Germany for the commercialization of space
KLEBER, P. (Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt uer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, West Germany)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 7 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-222
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Germany, Federal Republic of
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
The benefits space has to offer to industrial concerns are discussed with an eye to methods of arousing greater industrial participation. Future technological development hinges on exploitation of the microgravity environment, particularly the free fall produced by blancing the spacecraft velocity against the centripetal force. Preliminary experimentation growing single crystals, studying diffusion in materials, the growth of living, cells, etc., must be expanded upon by inducing further trials by more industrial investigators. Interest can be heightened through media advertizing, direct mailing, personal contact, and exhibits at industrial fairs. Industrial interest is most likely in the fields of metallic materials, electronics, chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and basic research. The promotions should be targeted at raising executive-level awareness of the possibilities space offers. (M.S.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *REDUCED GRAVITY; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; *SPACE PROCESSING; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRONICS; LOW GRAVITY MANUFACTURING; MATERIALS SCIENCE; PHARMACOLOGY; WEST GERMANY
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics-General (1975-)

Y022108 137
1335298 A85-13140
Federal policy options and the commercialization of space
HADELRIGG, G. A.
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 14 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984 77 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-218
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
Private Enterprise seeks to undertake virtually any activity that is institutionally and technologically feasible and which promises a high return on investment. Commercial activities in space would seem to be no exception. Indeed, it is reasonable to expect that, at some future date, commercial activities in space will overshadow government-sponsored research and military activities combined. But this date remains well into the future, it is highly uncertain, and it depends on government policies. Space is much like a less developed nation; before industrial development can occur, necessary infrastructures must be created. A government could create these infrastructures and, by so doing, hasten the commercialization of space, assuring opportunities for its industries. But this is not likely to happen. Instead, infrastructures are more likely to evolve on an ad hoc basis, forced by technology rather than policy. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *POLICIES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; EVOLUTION (DEVELOPMENT); SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 138
1335297 A85-13139
NASA's approach to the commercial use of space
GILLAM, I. T., IV (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 6 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-21
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
NASA planning activities in the area of commercial development of space resources are reviewed. Examples of specific types of commercial space ventures are given, according to three different categories: new commercial high-technology ventures; new commercial application of existing space technology, and commercial ventures resulting from the transfer of existing space programs to the private sector. Basic objectives for reducing technical, financial and institutional risks for commercial space operations are considered. Attention is given to the cooperative working environment encouraged by Joint Endeavor Agreements (JEAs) and Technical Exchange Agreements (TEAs) between industrial organizations in the development of space systems. Benefits of the commercial development of space resources include the production of purer pharmaceuticals for the treatment of cancers, kidney diseases, and diabetes; and the development of ultra-pure semiconductor crystals for use in next generation electronic equipment. (I.H.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE INDUSTRY; *GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; COMMERCIAL SPACECRAFT; ECONOMIC FACTORS; RISK
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 139
1335203 A85-13045
Some results of the MSAT phase B studies and their impact on system design
MCNALLY, J. L.; RAINE, H. R.; KENT, J. D. T. (Canadian Department of Communications, Communications Research Centre, Nepean, Ontario, Canada)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 10 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984 9 Refs.
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-89
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Canada
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
In 1980, the Department of Communications (DOC) decided to commence Phase A feasibility studies for a mobile satellite system in the 800 MHz band. The considered system would use a geostationary satellite to provide direct communication with vehicles in nonurban areas throughout Canada including offshore coverage of territorial waters. Promising results were obtained with respect to potetial market, system feasibility, and commercial viability. It was, therefore, decided to proceed with the second phase (Phase B Project Definition) in April 1982. Phase B involved an examination of system architecture, spacecraft, mobile radios, ground stations, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) systems, and business requirements. The present investigation attempts to provide an outline of some of the results and to project some plans for the future. It is concluded that during the studies there has been an evolution toward a commercially-realizable first generation system. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CANADIAN SPACE PROGRAMS; *COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; *MSAT; *TELECOMMUNICATION; GROUND STATIONS; MARKET RESEARCH; REMOTE REGIONS; SPACE PLATFORMS; SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Sub. Class.: 7518 Spacecraft Design, Testing & Performance (1975-)

Y022108 140
1335149 A85-2991
Space Station - An overview of current U.S. activities
FREITAG, R. F. (NASA, Office of Space Station, Policy and Plans Office, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 11 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-22
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has begun developing a permanently manned Space Station as mandated by President Reagan. The Space Station will be operational within a decade and is the 'Next Logical Step' in America's space program. This paper presents a summary of the Space Station status, current planning guidelines, and the possibilities for international participation in the program. The conceptual architecture and evolutionary development options for the Space Station are also briefly discussed. (Author)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE STATIONS; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MISSION PLANNING; SCHEDULES; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 141
1335136 A85-12978
Ariane 5 - A new launcher for Europe
MARX, P.; LAPORTE-WEYWADA, H. (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Direction des Lanceurs Evry, Essonne, France)
International Astronautical Federation, International Astronautical Congress, 35th, Lausanne, Switzerland, Oct. 7-13, 1984. 12 p.
Pub. Date: Oct. 1984
Report No.: IAF PAPER 84-03
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: France
Co. of Pub.: International Organization
Doc. Type: PREPRINT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8503
In connection with the desire to improve the European competitive position in the geostationary mission market, the development of a high-capacity launch vehicle has been started, taking into account also an employment of the launcher for nongeostationary missions. This launch vehicle, in association with the Hermes manned spacecraft would provide Europe with an autonomous capability for the conduction of manned space missions. The new launch vehicles called Ariane 5, is discussed. Traffic levels for different orbits are examined, taking into account the geostationary orbit, the sun synchronous orbit, low-earth orbits, and scientific missions. Attention is given to future user requirements, preliminary studies, the general configuration of the Ariane 5 launch vehicle, the lower section, the upper section, the electrical system, and trajectories and performance. (G.R.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *ARIANE LAUNCH VEHICLE; *LAUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS; *PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS; HYDROGEN OXYGEN ENGINES; ORBITAL LAUNCHING; SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINES; SPACECRAFT DESIGN; SPACECRAFT POWER SUPPLIES; UPPER STAGE ROCKET ENGINES
Sub. Class.: 7515 Launch Vehicles & Space Vehicles (1975-)

Y022108 142
1333900 A85-12623
Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space, 26th, Budapest, Hungary, October 10-15, 1983, Proceedings
Colloquium sponsored by the International Astronautical Federation. New York, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1984, 366 p. No individual items are abstracted in this volume.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8502
Various papers on the law of outer space are presented. The general topics discussed include: telecommunications and the geostationary orbit, the interrelationship between air and space law, responsibility for space activities, and legal aspects of international cooperation in space. (C.D.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *CONFERENCES; *OUTER SPACE TREATY; *SPACE LAW; AIR LAW; BROADCASTING; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; INTERNATIONAL LAW; NASA PROGRAMS; ORBIT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION; REGULATIONS; REMOTE SENSING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE EXPLORATION; SPACE STATIONS; SPACE WEAPONS; SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES; UNITED NATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 143
1333784 A85-12507
International cooperation in the commercial era of space
ALLNUTT, R. F. (NASA, Washington, DC)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C.
Corp. Source Code: NC452981
IN: International Scientific Conference on Space, 23rd, Rome, Italy, March 24, 25, 1983. Proceedings (A85-12501 02-12). Rome, Rassegna Internazionale Elettronica Nucleare ed Aerospaziale, 1984, p. 147-158.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: Italy
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8502
NASA plans permitting international participation in space activities are reviewed, with an emphasis on the increasing commercialization of these endeavors. The potential indicated by the recent success of the STT, long-term and large-scale Soviet missions, and the Ariane launcher is discussed; the development of the Space Station concept is traced; the increasing use of remote-sensing and telecommunications satellites is documented; currently planned space science missions are listed; and the NASA policy on international cooperation (full payment by the second nation, clean payload-spacecraft interfaces to prevent technology transfer, and open availability of scientific results) is outlined. It is argued that space activity, having passed through first and second phases dominated by exploration and military goals, respectively, will now soon enter a primarily commercial phase, with competition in telecommunications and remote-sensing services and private investment in space processing, manufacturing, and even launchers. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; *COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; *DEVELOPING NATIONS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *REMOTE SENSING; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; AEROSPACE SCIENCES; LAUNCH VEHICLES; MISSION PLANNING; ORBITAL SPACE STATIONS; SPACE MANUFACTURING; SPACE MISSIONS; SPACE PROCESSING
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 144
1333779 A85-12502
Space exploitation - Spacelab an easy approach for developing countries: Prospectives and suggestions by Aeritalia
VALLERANI, E. (Aeritalia S.p.A., Turin, Italy)
IN: International Scientific Conference on Space, 23rd, Rome, Italy, March 24, 25, 1983, Proceedings (A85-12501 02-12). Rome, Rassegna Internazionale Elettronica Nucleare ed Aerospaziale, 1984, p. 45-49.
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: Italy
Co. of Pub.: Italy
Doc. Type: CONF. PAP. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib.
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8502
The problem of access by developing countries to space information and resources is discussed from the Italian point of view. The international cooperation involved in the development of IRIS, Spacelab, and Eureca is considered; the ongoing commercialization of space in the STS, Ariane, and Space Station programs is examined; and the need for careful planning and preparation in the developing countries to take advantage of future space-exploitation opportunities is stressed. It is proposed that Italian universities and industry provide assistance in training personnel and designing payloads to meet the needs of developing countries. (T.K)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *DEVELOPING NATIONS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION; *SPACELAB; EDUCATION; ITALY; SPACE EXPLORATION; SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; SPACELAB PAYLOADS; TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION; UNIVERSITY PROGRAM
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 145
1333778 A85-12501
International Scientific Conference on Space, 23rd, Rome Italy, March 24, 25, 1983, Proceedings
Convegno Internazionale Scientifico sullo Spazio, 23rd, Rome, Italy, March 24, 25, 1983, Atti
Conference sponsored by the Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Ministero per il Coordinamanto della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica, CNR, et al. Rome, Rassegna Internazionale Elettronica Nucleare ed Aerospazial, 1984, 400 p. In Italian, English, and French. For individual items see A85-12502 to A85-12524.
Pub. Date: 1984
Language: MULTIPLE
Co. of Origin: Italy
Co. of Pub.: Italy
Doc. Type: CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
Jrnl Ann.: IAA8502
Political, economic, institutional, and technological aspects of space cooperation between industrialized and developing nations are examined in reviews, reports, and abstracts. Topics addressed include satellite communications, the Spacelab program as an easy opportunity for developing-country (DC) participation, Italian cooperation with DCs in space development, economical domestic/regional satellite communication systems for DC, the activities of the Argentine National Commission on space research, the role of the UN, applications of space technology in Africa, the orbit-acquisition maneuver for the Lageos-II satellite, strap-on boosters for the Ariane-3 launcher, and the interpretation of thermal-IR imagery using multispectral and multitemporal information. Graphs, drawings, diagrams, and photographs are provided. (T.K.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: AIAA/TIS
Desc.: *AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; *CONFERENCES; *DEVELOPING NATIONS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *SPACE PROGRAMS; AEROSPACE SCIENCES; COMMUNICATION SATELLITES; EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM; INFRARED IMAGERY; ITALY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES; MULTISPECTRAL PHOTOGRAPHY; REMOTE SENSING; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; SPACE EXPLORATION; SPACELAB
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)

Y022108 146
1332378 N85-11914
Statement of Otho E. Eskin, Director, Office of Advanced Technology, Department of State
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
In its Intern. Coop. and Competition in Space p 48-70 (SEE N85-11911 02-84)
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8502
Testimony given by a representative of the Department of State during a meeting of the House Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications is presented. The future participation of the United States in the U.N. Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) is discussed. The results of the meeting of COPUOS in Vienna in June, 1984 are assessed. ( R.S.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *GOVERNMENTS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *POLITICS; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *UNITED STATES; CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION ; SPACE STATIONS
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 147
1332377 N85-11913
Statement of Kenneth S. Pedersen, Director, International Affairs Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
In its Intern. Coop. and Competition in Space p 33-47 (SEE N85-11911 02-84)
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR852
Testimony given during a meeting of the House Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications is presented. The Subcommittee met to survey the status of and prospects for international cooperation and competition in space. The space station was a focal point of the discussion. Examples of joint U.S. and foreign efforts in space technology are cited: the infrared astronomical telescope, COSPAS-SARSAT, spacelab, and the remote manipulator system. (R.S.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE STATIONS; CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; ECONOMICS; INFRARED TELESCOPES; MSAT; REMOTE MANIPULATOR SYSTEM; SARSAT; SPACELAB
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 148
1332376 N85-11912
International cooperation and competition in space. Introduction
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
In its Intern. Coop. and Competition in Space p 1-32 (SEE N85-11911 ?0-84)
Pub. Date: 1984 1 Refs.
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8502
Testimony given during a meeting of the House Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications is presented. The Subcommittee met to survey the status of and prospects for international cooperation and competition in space. Expendable launch vehicles and the space shuttle program were discussed. The U.S. position vis-a-vis the U.N. Committee on the Peaceful Use of Outer Space (COPUOS) was addressed. (R.S.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *ECONOMICS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *LAUNCH VEHICLES; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; ARIANE LAUNCH TELSAT SATELLITES
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 149
1332375 N85-11911
International cooperation and competition in space
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
Place of Publ.: Washington Publisher: GPO
Pub. Date: 1984 230P
Presentation Note: Hearing before the Comm. on Sci. and Technol., 98th Congr., 2d Sess., No. 104, 25 Jul. 1984
Report No.: GPO-38-001
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: COLLOQUIA. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8502
Testimony and dialogue from a meeting of the House Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications are presented. The Subcommittee met to survey the status of and prospects for international cooperation and competition in space. For individual titles see N85-11912 through N85-11917.
Desc.: *GOVERNMENTS; *INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; *POLITICS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE EXPLORATION; *SPACE SHUTTLES; *SPACE STATIONS; *UNITED STATES; ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES; CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; ECONOMICS; LANDSAT SATELLITES; LAUNCH VEHICLES; REMOTE SENSING; SARSAT
Sub. Class.: 7584 Law & Political Science (1975-)

Y022108 150
1331523 N85-11059
Statement of Hon. James M. Beggs, Administrator, NASA, Washington, DC
Committee on Science and Technology (U. S. House).
Corp. Source Code: CX434592
In its Initiatives to Promote Space Commercialization p 12-26 (SEE N85-11058 02-12)
Pub. Date: 1984
Lang.: Eng.
Co. of Origin: U. S.
Co. of Pub.: U. S.
Doc. Type: REPORT. Most doc. avail. from AIAA Tech. Lib. Oth. Avail.: Subcommittee on Space Science and Applications
Jrnl Ann.: STAR8502
NASA activities for the commercial use of space are discussed. Space shuttle payloads, space commercialization plans, launch costs, and government/industry cooperation are among the topics discussed. (R.J.F.)
Source of Abstract/Subfile: NASA STIF
Desc.: *CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS; *NASA PROGRAMS; *SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION; *SPACE MANUFACTURING; AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; COSTS; GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS; REGULATIONS; SPACE SHUTTLE PAYLOADS; TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Sub. Class.: 7512 Astronautics--General (1975-)