Y008154 1 1731445 85256445 Lumbar spine bone mineral content by photon beam absorptiometry. Methodology and application in osteoporosis. Krolner B Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Frederiksborg Amts Centralsygehus, Hillerod, Denmark. Dan Med Bull (DENMARK) ,Jun 1985, 32 (3) p152-70, ISSN 0011-6092 Jrnl Code: DYN Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8511 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS (103 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human Desc. Aging; Exertion; Fractures--Metabolism (ME); Hyperthyroidism--Metabolism (ME); *Lumbar Vertebrae--Analysis (AN); Lumbar Vertebrae--Physiology (PH); Lumbar Vertebrae--Radionuclide Imaging (RI); Menopause; Methods; *Minerals--Analysis (AN); Myxedema--Metabolism (ME); Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); *Osteoporosis--Metabolism (ME); Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Thyroxine--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 7488-70-2 (Thyroxine) Y008154 2 1716237 85241237 Comparison of bone density in amenorrheic women due to athletics, weight loss, and premature menopause. Jones KP; Ravnikar VA; Tulchinsky D; Sciff I Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. Obstet Gynecol (US) ,Jul 1985, 66 (1) p5-8, ISSN 0029-7844 Jrnl Code: OC2 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8510 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Studied was the peripheral bone density of 39 women (ages 18 to 43) with the diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea in an effort to define the population of amenorrheic women at risk for osteoporosis. Eight women had exercise-induced amenorrhea (athletes), 20 women had amenorrhea associated with weight loss, and 11 women had premature menopause. These diagnoses were made on the basis of history, physical examination, and luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin levels, and failure to have withdrawal bleeding after the administration of progestin. Twenty-five nonathletic, normally menstruating women served as control subjects. The peripheral bone density of the amenorrheic athletes (0.738 g/cm2 +/- 0.047) was not significantly different from that of the controls (0.726 g/cm2 +/- 0.044). The average bone density of the group with weight loss-associated amenorrhea (0.672 g/cm2 +/- 0.066) was significantly less than controls (P less than .005) as was that of the women with premature menopause (0.616 g/cm2 +/- 0.048, P less than .001). There was a significant correlation between months of amenorrhea and decrease in bone density (r = 0.506, P less than .001). From this study it was concluded that women with exercise-associated amenorrhea are not at significant risk for cortical bone loss as measured by direct photon absorptiometry. Women with weight loss-associated amenorrhea and women with premature menopause are at significant risk for bone loss when compared with normal controls. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc. Adolescence; Adult; Amenorrhea--Etiology (ET); *Amenorrhea--Physiopathology (PP); *Body Weight; *Bone and Bones--Physiopathology (PP); Bone and Bones--Radionuclide Imaging (RI); Exertion; *Menopause; *Menopause, Premature; Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); Radius--Radionuclide Imaging (RI); Risk; *Sports Y008154 3 171326 85239326 Risk factors in postmenopausal osteoporosis [editorial] Lancet (ENGLAND) Jun 15 1985, 1 (8442) p1370-2, ISSN 0140-6736 Jrnl Code: L0S Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8510 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc. Bone and Bones--Anatomy and Histology (AH); Calcium, Dietary--Pharmacodynamics (PD); Estrogens--Physiology (PH); Exertion; Menopause; *Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); Risk; Vitamin D--Metabolism (ME) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) Y008154 4 1667155 8519215 [The osteoporosis disease in menopausal women. Physiopathology and therapeutic impact] L'osteoporose-maladie chez la femme menopausee. Physiopathologie et incidences therapeutiques. Meunier PJ INSERM U234, Faculte Alexis-Carrel, Lyon. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet (FRANCE) ,Mar 1985, 80 (4) p205-7, ISSN 0035-290X Jrnl Code: S0H Lang.: FRENCH Summary Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: English Abstract Jrnl Ann.: 8508 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Trabecular steoporosis of spongy bone expresses itself clinically by spontaneous vertebral compression and fractures of the lower end of the radius. Its prevention relies on calcium therapy physical exercise, vitamin D, and, in women, oestrogens. The most effective curative treatment relies on fluorine, at a dose of 40-60 mg sodium fluoride, in conjunction with calcium equivalent to 1 g element (not the calcium salt). Small doses of vitamin D are used. The treatment is without effect on cortical osteoporosis and thus cannot prevent fractures of the neck of the femur. Tags: Female; Human Desc. Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exercise Therapy; *Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); *Osteoporosis--Physiopathology (PP); Radius Fractures--Physiopathology (PP); Sodium Fluoride--Therapeutic Use (TU); Spine--Physiopathology (PP); Vitamin D--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vatamin D); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride) Y008154 5 1637906 85162906 Responses of pre- and post-menopausal females to aerobic conditioning. Cowan MM; Gregory LW Dept. of Health and Physical Education, Western New Mexico Univ., Silver City. Med Sci Sports Exerc (US) ,Feb 1985, 17 (1) p138-43, ISSN 0195-9131 Jrnl Code: MG8 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8507 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS This study sought to determine whether the ability to improve cardiorespiratory endurance and body composition is affected by the menopausal status of females. Twenty premenopausal females and 18 postmenopausal females, ages 35-49 and 47-66 yr, respectively, were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups depending on menopausal status. Both exercise groups (PRE-EX, N = 16; POST-EN, N = 14) participated in a progressive walking program (4 days/week for 9 weeks) at an intensity of 80% the age-adjusted heart rate maximum (80% HRM). Following training, both exercise groups significantly improved submaximal exercise capacity (SEC) as measured by oxygen consumption (l/min; ml/kg . min) and treadmill walking time at 80% HRM. The PRE-EX group significantly improved percent body fat and lean body weight, while there was no significant change in total body weight. The POST-EX group significantly improved total body weight and percent body fat with no significant change in lean body weight. Although some of these changes in body composition were statistically significant, overall the alterations were minimal. ANCOVA revealed exercise, not menopause, to be the effective treatment for improving percent body fat and SEC80%HRM. There were no significant differences between the PRE-EX and POST-EX groups in their ability to improve SEC80%HRM or to reduce percent body fat. The POST-EX group had a significantly greater eduction in total body weight, while the PRE-EX group had significantly greater increases in lean body weight. These findings suggest that the ability to favorably alter body composition and cardiorespiratory endurance through the aerobic conditioning of females is independent of menopausal status. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc. Adult; Aged; *Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Electrocardiography; ECG; Exercise Test; *Exertion; Heart Rate; *Menopause Middle Age; *Physical Education and Training; *PHYS ED; Respiration Y008154 6 1600612 85125612 Platelet alpha-2 adrenoceptors and the menstrual cycle. Sundaesan PR; Madan MK; Kelvie SL; Weintraub M Dept. of Pharmacology, Univ. of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY. Clin Pharmacol Ther (US) ,Mar 1985, 37 (3) p337-42, ISSN 00099236 Jrnl Code: DHR Contract/Grant No.: HL-28312; HL 29188 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS To clarify further the suggested influence of menstrual cycle phase on platelets alpha 2-adrenoceptors, we carried out cross-sectional studies in 77 subjects in a clinical trial of weight control strategies. Blood samples were drawn at baseline and after 6 weeks of diet, behavior modification, and exercise, a program that resulted in a mean weight loss of 4.5 kg. For the analyses, 42 premenopausal women were divided into four groups according to the week of menstrual cycle at the time of blood sampling. At baseline, there was no significant difference in mean platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor numbers among the four groups. At week 6 accompanying the weight loss, there was a significant increase in the platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor number for all groups. Despite the fact that the women were at a different phase of the menstrual cycle than at baseline, there was again no significant difference in mean platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor number. Mean baseline platelet alpha 2-adrenocepton number in the premenopausal women (113.7 +/- 5.5 fmol/mg protein) did not differ from values in 12 postmenopausal women (113.7 +/- 12.0 fmol/mg protein) four women with hysterectomies (105.9 +/- 8.9 fmol/mg protein), or 19 men (101.8 +/- 6.2 fmol/mg protein). Numbers at 6 weeks also did not differ. We conclude that the menstrual cycle has minimal effects on platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptor number and should not confound clinical studies of platelet alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Tags: Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Desc. Adolescence; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Body Weight; Cross Sectional Studies; Diet, Reducing; Exertion; Hysterectomy; Menopause; *Menstruation; Middle Age; Obesity--Blood (BL); *Obesity--Metabolism (ME); Obesity--Therapy (TH); *Receptors, Adrenergic, Alpha--Metabolism (ME); *ADREN ALPHA RECEPT--Metabolism (ME) Y008154 7 1609074 85134074 Bone density in women: college athletes and older athletic women. Jacobson PC; Beaver W; Grubb S; Taft TN; Talmage RV Dept. of Surgery, Univ. of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill. J Orthop Res (US) ,1984, 2 (4) p328-32, ISSN 0736-266 Jrnl Code: JIQ Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Bone density was studied in intercollegiate athletes and older athletic women. Single-photon densitometry was used to assess bone density parameters at a new distal radial site, the midradius, and the first metatarsus. Dual-photon densitometry assessed bone density of the lumbar spine. Eleven intercollegiate tennis players, 23 swimmers, and 86 older "athletic" women from 23 to 75 years of age were compared with age-matched nonathletic controls. "Athletic" describes adult women who exercised at least three times per week, 8 or more months of the year, for a minimum of 3 years. The radius and metatarsus bone content of intercollegiate athletes was significantly above control values. Lumbar spine density was significantly higher only in tennis players. Mean bone density values for adult "athletic" women were also significantly greater than in age-matched controls. In the oldest athletic group (55-75 years of age) bone measurement values in radius and lumbar spine were in the same range as for younger "athletic" women. In contrast, after 50 years of age, these values in the control population decreased by 0.7%/year. Therefore the largest variance (increase) from age-matched controls occurred in the oldest "athletic" group. Also, we have established a distal radial density value (using our modified site) below which we consider women "at risk" and recommend further bone health evaluation. Only two adult athletic women greater than 55 years of age fell into this category. It is concluded from this cross-sectional study that a regularly maintained athletic program for adult women may reduce the rate of "normal" bone mass loss accompanying age, particularly postmenopausally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc. Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Aging; *Bone and Bones--Anatomy and Histology (AH); Competitive Behavior; Cross Sectional Studies; Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); *Exertion; Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Pathology (PA); Osteoporosis--Physiopathology (PP); *Sports Y008154 8 1608262 8513322 Postmenopausal osteoporosis: concerns and costs in clinical management. Wingate MB State Univ. of New York at Buffalo, Dept. of Obstetrics-Gynecology. J Med (US) ,1984, 15 (4) p323-32, ISSN 0025-7850 Jrnl Code IYG Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS There are a number of social, political and medical concerns for the clinician dealing with female patients who are postmenopausal and at risk for the development of osteoporosis which may lead to chronic disability and possibly death. A brief overview of the role of current therapies is given together with their potential for adverse effects. Further research into etiology, diagnosis and optimum management is obviously necessary. (1 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human Desc. Aged; Calcitriol--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium, Dietary--Therapeutic Use (TU); Costs and Cost Analysis; COSTS; Estrogens--Adverse Effects (AE); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion *Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); *Osteoporosis--Therapy (TH); Progesterone--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 32222-06-3 (Calcitriol); 57-830 (Progesterone) Y008154 9 1608258 85133258 Neutron activation studies and the effect of exercise on osteoporosis. Harrison JE Univ. of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. J Med (US) ,1984, 15 (4) p285-94, ISSN 0025-7850 Jrnl Code IYG Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS A technique is described to measure calcium content by in vivo neutron activation analysis of the trunk and upper thighs. In postmenopausal women, estrogen and calcium or fluoride reversed osteoporosis. Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc. *Activation Analysis; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; *Bone and Bones--Analysis (AN); *Calcium--Analysis (AN); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); *Exertion; Fluorides--Therapeutic Use (TU); Menopause; Middle Age; *Neutron Activation Analysis; Osteoporosis--Diagnosis (DI); Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT); *Osteoporosis--Metabolism (ME) CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 10 1608255 85133255 The epidemiology of osteoporosis. Wingate L Buffalo General Hospital, NY. J Med (US) ,1984, 15 (4) p245-66, ISSN 0025-7850 Jrnl Code IYG Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8506 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Osteoporosis is a major public health problem. National incidence and mortality rates for osteoporosis cannot be determined because data are unavailable. Epidemiology, one of the means by which this condition may be studied, and osteoporosis are defined, and the importance of primary and secondary prevention is discussed. Primary osteoporosis has four clinical forms: postmenopausa, senile, juvenile, and idiopathic; these are differentiated from other forms of bone disease. Predisposing factors and attendant morbidity are discussed with specific reference to problems associated with skeletal fractures. Age, sex, race, nutrition, body build and life style are identified as important variables. The importance of preventive measures is stressed because of the estimated incidence of 160,000 osteoporotic associated hip fractures with their attendant cost to society of more than one billion dollars per year. Preventive treatments studied to date are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the importance of primary and secondary prevention rather than tertiary care. (6 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc. Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Calcium, Dietary--Administration and Dosage (AD); Child; Child, Preschool; Estrogens--Administration and Dosage (AD); Exertion; Fractures--Occurrence (OC); Infant; Menopause; Middle Age; Nutrition; Osteoporosis--Mortality (MO); *Osteoporosis--Occurrence (OC); Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Racial Stocks; Sex Factors; Smoking; Vitamin D--Administration and Dosage (AD) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) Y008154 11 1576005 85101005 Osteoporosis. An update on management. Woolf AD; Dixon AS Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath, England. Drugs (AUSTRALIA) ,Dec 1984, 28 (6) p565-76, ISSN 0012-6667 Jrnl Code EC2 Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8505 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Osteoporosis is the reduction of expected bone mass. This results in structural failure with an increased risk of fracture and it is the most common bone disorder encountered. Bone mass declines with age, and in some people will fall below the threshold for easy fracture. This loss is accelerated in the postmenopausal period. Trauma and the internal trabecular structure of bone are additional determinants of risk of fracture. Effective management of osteoporosis depends on identifying and treating those at risk before reaching the critical bone mass and presenting with skeletal failure. There are imitations to methods available for assessing bone loss, and the final arbiter of any treatment is prevention of fracture. Primary prevention involves maximising peak adult bone mass and reducing the rate of bone loss. This may be attained by exercise, adequate dietary calcium, and the identification and treatment of risk factors such as postmenopausal hormone replacement. Once skeletal failure has occurred, long term treatment is required to have a clinically significant effect. Increasing bone mass cannot be assumed to reduce the risk of fracture, and such reduction has not been directly demonstrated for several agents. Calcium supplements, hormone replacement therapy and fluoride are probably effective in reducing fracture rate, particularly when used in combination, whereas the efficacy of anabolic steroids, calcitonin and diphosphonates is yet to be established. Vitamin D is only of use in coexistent osteomalacia. The limitation of significantly strengthening the skeleton during the life expectancy of the elderly must be reapised. (66 Refs.) Tags: Animal; Female; Human; Male Desc. Adult; Aged; Anabolic Steroids--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcitonin--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium, Dietary--Therapeutic Use (TU); Diphosphonates--Therapeutic Use (TU); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Fluorides--Therapeutic Use (TU) Fractures--Etiology (ET); Fractures--Therapy (TH); Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT); Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Osteoporosis--Physiopathology (PP); *Osteoporosis--Therapy (TH); Risk; Spinal Injuries--Etiology (ET); Spinal Injuries--Therapy (TH); Vitamin D--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 7440-70- (Calcium); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) Y008154 12 1564221 85089221 Decreasing the incidence of osteoporosis-related injuries through diet and exercise. Larson KA; Shannon SC Univ. of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, Maine. Public Health Rep (US) ,Nov-Dec 1984, 99 (6) p609-13, ISSN 0090-2818 Jrnl Code: QJA Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8504 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Osteoporosis is the most common systemic bone disorder in the United States. It affects 15 million people--primarily women--causing thousands of injuries and deaths per year at a cost estimated at +3.8 billion annually. Two important factors in preventing osteoporosis are regular exercise and adequate calcium intake throughout life. Studies have shown that the average daily consumption of calcium by premenopausal and postmenopausal American women is between one-third and one-half that needed to maintain a positive calcium balance and prevent the loss of bone mass. This proposal elaborates the following specific ways that our health care and educational institutions can change these prospects: a screening program for women of all ages, to identify those most at risk for developing osteoporosis; an increase in the recommended daily dietary allowance for calcium; a public information campaign about osteoporosis, using television and ratio; an investigation of the feasibility of calcium additives in the American diet; and the establishment of an organization to develop educational programs and monitor research in osteoporosis prevention. Now is the time to make the appropriate efforts to better the prospect for millions to enjoy a long and healthier life. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Aged; *Calcium, Dietary--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Fractures--Etiology (ET); Health Education; Mass Screening; Menopause; Middle Age; Nutritional Requirements; Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); *Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Risk; United States Y008154 13 1562437 85087437 Osteoporosis: a major health problem in postmenopausal women. Graham BA; Gleit CJ Orthop Nurs (US) ,Nov-Dec 1984, 3 (6) p19-26, Jrnl Code:ORN Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8504 Subfile: Nursing (34 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Aged; Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Diet; Dietary Proteins; Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Fractures--Occurrence (OC); *Menopause; Middle Age; Nutrition; Osteoporosis--Diagnosis (DI); Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); *Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Risk; United States CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 14 1562033 85087033 Femoral neck fracture: a preventable phenomenon Burry HC; Hughes OR Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington. NZ Med J (NEW ZEALAND) ,Dec 12 1984, 97 (769) p856-9, ISSN 0028-8446 Jrnl Code: OBQ Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8504 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The purpose of this paper is to examine the problem of femoral neck fracture in the elderly New Zealand citizen, and to consider the prospects for prevention. Data are drawn chiefly from the Accident Compensation Corporation's claims data base, which has enabled identification of the mechanism of accident associated with such fractures. The data reveal a relative preponderance of femoral neck fracture in females of advanced age. In this group, the typical accident sequence is found to be mundane, 84% of victims falling to the ground without involvement of external agency. It is concluded that the resulting fractures are largely attributable to the heightened vulnerability of the subject as opposed to the magnitude of the blow. Hence, an appropriate intervention strategy should be aimed at strengthening the bone structure of individuals at risk. The practicability of this approach is discussed with particular reference to calcium and hormonal supplements. It is noted that cost and other factors make identification of a high risk sub-population desirable. Modern methods of bone density measurement have enhanced the feasibility of this procedure. Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc.: Age Factors; Aged; Calcium, Dietary--Administration and Dosage (AD); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Femoral Neck Fractures--Etiology (ET); Femoral Neck Fractures--Occurrence (OC); *Femoral Neck Fractures--Prevention and Control (PC); Menopause; New Zealand Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Sex Factors Y008154 15 1534349 85059349 Effects of aerobic dancing and walking on cardiovascular function and muscular strength in postmenopausal women. White MK; Yeater RA; Martin RB; Rosenberg BS; Sherwood L; Weber KC; Della-Giustina DE J Sports Med Phys Fitness (ITALY) ,Jun 1984, 24 (2) p159-66, ISSN 0022-4707 Jrnl Code: K6V Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8503 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aerobiosis; Blood Pressure; *Dancing; Exercise Test; *Exertion; *Heart Rate; *Menopause; Middle Age; *Physical Fitness Y008154 16 1496929 85021929 Postmenopausal spinal osteoporosis: flexion versus extension exercises. Sinaki M; Mikkelsen BA Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Arch Phys Med Rehabil (US) ,Oct 1984, 65 (10) p593-6, ISSN 0003-9993 Jrnl Code: 8BK Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8501 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Fifty-nine women with postmenopausal spinal osteoporosis and back pain were instructed in a treatment program that included extension exercises (E) for 25 patients, flexion exercises (F) for 9, combined (E + F) exercises for 19, or no therapeutic exercises (N) for 6. Ages ranged from 49 to 60 year (mean, 56 years). Follow-up ranged from one to six years (means for the groups, 1.4 to 2 years). All patients had spine x-ray studies before treatment and at follow-up, at which time any further wedging and compression fractures were recorded. Additional fractures occurred as follows: group E, 16%; F, 89%; E + F, 53%; and N, 67%. In comparison with group E, the occurrence of wedging or compression fractures was significantly higher in group F (p less than 0.001) and group E + F (p less than 0.01). This study suggest that a significantly higher number of vertebral compression fractures occur in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis who followed a flexion exercise program compared with those using extension exercises. Extension or isometric exercises seem to be more appropriate for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc.: *Exercise Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Spontaneous--Prevention and Control (PC); Isometric Contraction; Menopause Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); *Osteoporosis--Therapy (TH); Spinal Diseases--Complications (CO); *Spinal Diseases--Therapy (TH); Spinal Injuries--Prevention and Control (PC); Time Factors Y008154 17 1495957 85020957 Exercise-induced amenorrhea and bone density. Lindberg JS; Fears WB; Hunt MM; Powell MR; Boll D; Wade CE Letterman Army Medical Center, Presidio of San Francisco, California. Ann Intern Med (US) ,Nov 1984, 101 (5) p647-8, ISSN 0003-4819 Jrnl Code: 5A6 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8501 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; *Amenorrhea--Etiology (ET); Amenorrhea--Metabolism (ME); Amenorrhea--Pathology (PA); *Bone and Bones--Metabolism (ME); Bone and Bones--Pathology (PA); *Exertion; Menopause; *Minerals--Metabolism (ME) ; Oligomenorrhea--Etiology (ET); Oligomenorrhea--Metabolism (ME); Oligomenorrhea--Pathology (PA); Osteolysis; Running Y008154 18 1423607 84263607 The effects of menopause and training on serum lipids. Rainville S; Vaccaro P Int J Sports Med ,Jun 1984, 5 (3) p137-41, ISSN 0172-4622 Jrnl Code: GRK Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8411 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Forty women were studied to determine the effect of training and menopause on serum levels of total cholesterol (Tc), HDL Cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups: (a) premenopausal trained runners (Pre-T) (25-75 miles per week) (VO2max 44.82 ml/kg-1 X min-1) (N = 10); (b) premenopausal untrained who took part in no regular aerobic exercise (Pre-UT) (VO2max ?8.60 ml/kg-1 X min-1) (N = 10); (c) postmenopausal trained runners (Post-T) (25-65 miles per week) (V02max 40.25 ml/kg-1 X min-1) (N = 10); (d) postmenopausal untrained who took part in no regular aerobic exercise (Post-UT) (VO2max 21.50 ml/kg-? X min-1) (N = 10). None of the women smoked were taking oral contraceptives, or any form of hormonal replacement. The postmenopausal women had all undergone natural menopause. Analysis of variance indicated: (a) no significant differences between Pre-T and Pre-UT in measures of Tc (188.04 mg/dl; 206.46 mg/dl) and HDL-C (3.2 mg/dl; 62.10 mg/dl) (P greater than 0.05) and a significant difference between Pre-T and Pre-UT in LDL-C (114.57 mg/dl; 144.57 mg/l) and HDL-C/LDL-C (0.66; 0.44) (P less than 0.05); (b) no significant differences between Pre-T and Post-T for Tc, HDL-C, LDL-C, and HDL-C/LDL-C (P greater than 0.05); (c) significant differences between Pre-UT and Post-UT in Tc (206.46 mg/dl; 241.15 mg/dl), LDL-C (144.36 mg/dl;184.85 mg/dl), and HDL-C/LDL-C (0.44; 0.32) (P less than 0.05), and no significant difference between these groups in HDL-C (P greater than 0.05); (d) no significant difference between Post-T and Post-T in Tc (P greater than 0.05) and significant differences between these groups in measures of HDL-C (74.14 mg/dl; 55.54 mg/dl); LDL-C (141.45 mg/dl; 185.85 mg/dl), and HDL-C/LDL-C (0.57; 0.32) (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Adult; Body Weight; *Cholesterol--Blood (BL); *Lipoproteins, HDL--Blood (BL); *Lipoproteins, LDL--Blood (BL); *Menopause; Middle Age; Physical Education and Training; PHYS ED; *Running CAS Registry No.: 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol); 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) Y008154 19 1423583 84263583 The effects of exercise on the bones of postmenopausal women. White MK; Martin RB; Yeater RA; Butcher RL; Radin EL Int Orthop ,1984, 7 (4) p209-14, ISSN 0341-2695 Jrnl Code: GRF Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8411 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The effects of walking and aerobic dancing on the bones of 73 recently postmenopausal women have been compared by photon absorptiometry of the distal radius with a control group who did not exercise. The period of observation was six months. Results showed that the control group and the walking group lost statistically significant amounts of bone mineral content (1.6%, and 1.7% respectively), but that the dancing group did not (0.8%). The control group did not show a significant increase in the bone width (0.9%), but both the dancing (1.3%) and walking (1.6%) groups did. Changes in the cross-sectional moment of inertia of the radius were estimated for each subject based on bone mineral content and bone width values. Both exercise groups experienced significant increases in this variable, while the control group did not. Plasma oestrogen levels were not influenced by exercise. The results support the hypothesis that mechanical loading due to exercise may be effective in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tags: Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Biomechanics; *Bone and Bones--Metabolism (ME); Dancing; Estrogens--Blood (BL); *Exertion; Humerus--Physiology (PH); *Menopause; Middle Age; *Minerals--Metabolism (ME); Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC) Y008154 20 1420373 84260373 Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Chesnut CH 3d Comp Ther ,Jul 1984, 10 (7) p41-7, ISSN 0098-8243 Jrnl Code: DMZde: Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8411 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Anabolic Steroids--Therapeutic Use (TU); Androgens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcitonin--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Tiphosphonates--Therapeutic Use (TU); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; *Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT); Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); *Osteoporosis--Therapy (TH); Sodium Fluoride--Therapeutic Use (TU); Vitamin D--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 7440-70-2 (Calcium); 7681-49-4 (Sodium Fluoride); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) Y008154 21 1410353 84250353 Postmenopausal osteoporosis: the role of estrogens. Diddle AW; Smith IQ South Med J ,Jul 1984, 77 (7) p868-74, ISSN 0038-4348 Jrnl Code:UVH Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8410 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS In 1980, the combined incidences of vertebral and hip fractures necessitating hospitalization of women living in Knox County, Tennessee nearly doubled each five years after the age of 50. These data led us to review the pathogenesis, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic measures used to control or minimize the occurrence of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal diminution in estrogen metabolism appears to be the most important cause of osteoporosis. Other contributory factors include an early menopause, low body weight, lack of sufficient exercise, poor nutrition, and excessive use of alcohol, coffee, and tobacco. Absorptiometric studies, which have minimal radiation risk, are one of the more reliable methods to identify women with osteoporosis, whereas ordinary roentgenographic methods are relatively inaccurate for this purpose. Therapeutically, we recommend cyclic estrogen combined with a progestogen, the latter drug given for ten days each month to minimize the chance of endometrial or mammary carcinoma, particularly if estrogen is to be given for five years or more. In addition, particular attention should be given to good nutrition, including 1 to 2 gm of calcium salts taken each evening, and adequate exercise. Intake of coffee and alcoholic beverages and use of cigarettes should be discontinued or minimized. (129 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Age Factors; Aged; Bone Resorption; Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); *Estrogens--Physiology (PH); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exercise Therapy; Hip Fractures--Etiology (ET); *Menopause; Middle Age; Nutrition; Osteoporosis--Diagnosis (DI); Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT); *Osteoporosis--Physiopathology (PP); Rib Fractures--Etiology (ET); Risk CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 22 1405135 84245135 Cigarette smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption: relationship to blood lipids and lipoproteins in premenopausal females. Stamford BA; Matter S; Fell RD; Sad S; Cresanta MK; Papanek P Metabolism ,Jul 1984, 33 (7) p585-90, ISSN 0026-0495 Jrnl Code:MUM Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8410 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS A total of 164 premenopausal female subjects were randomly selected for evaluation from a much larger pool of volunteers. The relationships between blood lipid and lipoprotein levels as dependent variables and cigarette smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption were determined from partial regression coefficients. A lower HDL-C level (10.1 mg/dL) was seen in smokers v nonsmokers. For each ounce of alcohol consumed, HDL-C level was higher by 2.8 mg/dL, and greater physical activity was associated with a higher HDL-C level of 8.6 mg/dL. An analysis of covariance with covariance adjustments for age and body fat revealed that smokers who regularly exercise or consume alcohol had significantly lower HDL-C levels than nonsmokers with similar habits. Subjects who both exercise and consume alcohol demonstrated higher HDL-C levels than those who indulge in one or the other separately. Results suggest that cigarette smoking may attenuate the effects of chronic exercise or alcohol consumption, or of both, to raise HDL-C levels. Also, chronic exercise and alcohol consumption may exert an additive effect, raising HDL-C level. Tags: Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Adult; Age Factors; *Alcohol Drinking; *Exertion; *Lipids--Blood (BL); *Lipoproteins--Blood (BL); Menopause; Physical Fitness ; *Smoking Y008154 23 1396320 84236320 Relationship of menopausal status and exercise level to HDL-cholesterol in women. Harting GH; Moore CE; Mitchell R; Kapus CM Exp Aging Res ,Spring 1984, 10 (1) p13-8, ISSN 0361-073X Jrnl Code:EN0 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8410 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The relationship between exercise habits, menopausal status and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was studied in 44 long-distance runners, 47 joggers, and 45 relatively inactive females. In each group, some women were post-menopausal (Post-M) and some pre-menopausal (Pre-M). HDL-C level was higher in runners (776 mg/dl) and joggers (70.4 mg/dl) than in the inactive group (62.1 mg/dl), but was not different Pre-M vs Post-M. Total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C were higher in Post-M than in Pre-M subjects, but did not differ among exercise groups. Body weight and % fat were lower in Pre-M vs Post-M groups and were lower in the runners vs inactive subjects. The HDL-C/TC ratio was higher in the runners vs inactive subjects and there was a significant exercise-menopausal interaction indicating a beneficial exercise effect. Adjustment of lipoprotein values for possible confounding variables did not alter these results. Endurance exercise by Post-M females may help prevent adverse lipid and lipoprotein changes which might predispose them to coronary heart disease. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Age Factors; Body Weight; *Cholesterol--Blood (BL); *Exertion; Jogging; *Lipoproteins, HDL--Blood (BL); Lipoproteins, LDL--Blood (BL); *Menopause; Middle Age; Running; Triglycerides--Blood (BL) CAS Registry No.: 0 (Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol); 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol); 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) Y008154 24 1384003 84224003 Osteopenia in rheumatology practice: pathogenesis and therapy. Tannenbaum H Semin Arthritis Rheum ,May 1984, 13 (4) p337-48, ISSN 0049-0172 Jrnl Code: UMV Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8409 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Postmenopausal osteoporosis has a multifactorial pathogenesis related to decreases in bone mass, calcium intake, and circulating estrogen levels. Therapy with supplemental calcium, estrogen, fluoride, anabolic steroids, and calcitonin is discussed. Corticosteroid-induced osteopenia is in part related to a decrease in intestinal calcium absorption and therapy with supplemental vitamin D and calcium may favorably alter the outcome. The osteopenia of rheumatoid arthritis appears to be a diffuse process, with increased metabolic bone activity at sites that are remote from the areas of active synovitis. (44 Refs.) Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adrenal Cortex Hormones--Adverse Effects (AE); Arthritis, Rheumatoid--Complications (CO); Bone and Bones--Physiology (PH); Calcitonin--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium--Metabolism (ME); Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Fluorides--Therapeutic Use (TU); Menopause; Osteonecrosis--Chemically Induced (CI); Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT); *Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET) ; Osteoporosis--Physiopathology (PP); Uterine Neoplasms--Chemically Induced (CI); Vitamin D--Metabolism (ME) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D); 7440-702 (Calcium); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) Y008154 25 1360110 84200110 Bone mineral measurements among middle-aged and elderly Japanese residents in Hawaii. Yano K; Wasnich RD; Vogel JM; Heilbrun LK Am J Epidemiol ,May 1984, 119 (5) p751-64, ISSN 0002-9262 Jrnl Code: 3H3 Contract/Grant No.: AG 02483-02 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8408 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Cross-sectional data of bone mineral content measured at five skeletal sites (distal radius and ulna, proximal radius and ulna, and os calcis) with single photon absorptiometry were obtained from a population of Japanese-Americans living in Hawaii, comprising 1368 men (aged 61-81 years) and 1098 women (aged 43-80 years). Age-specific mean values of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites were much greater for men than for women and decreased steadily with advancing age in both sexes. The decrease in bone mineral content with age across a 15-year age range was two to four times (depending on skeletal site) greater for women than for men. In multiple regression analyses, age, weight, and postmenopausal estrogen use were potent determinants of bone mineral content for all skeletal sites. Weight was more strongly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis than ar;e in both sexes. Height was significantly related only to the forearm bones. Strenuous exercise was significantly related to bone mineral content of the os calcis and the distal ulna only in men. When compared with US Caucasians of comparable sex and age, the Japanese in Hawaii have lower bone mineral contents of the radius. This may partly be explained by the difference in body size. Significant correlations were found between bone mineral content of appendicular bones and radiographically determined vertebral osteoporosis. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Desc.: Adult; Aged; *Bone and Bones--Analysis (AN); Cross Sectional Studies; Epidemiologic Methods Equipment and Supplies; EQUIPMENT; Estrogens; Exertion; Hawaii; Japan--Ethnology (EH); Menopause; Middle Age; *Minerals--Analysis (AN); Osteoporosis--Diagnosis (DI); *Osteoporosis--Occurrence (OC); Sex Factors Y008154 26 1327218 84167218 Physical activity and osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. Oyster N; Morton M; Linnell S Med Sci Sports Exerc ,1984, 16 (1) p44-50, ISSN 0195-9131 Jrnl Code: MG8 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8407 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Osteoporosis is an accepted fact of the females aging process. This decrease in bone mass is most often linked to a lack of estrogen; however, prolonged inactivity is also known to cause atrophy in both muscle and bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the degree of osteoporosis and the physical activity levels of a group of post-menopausal women. Forty women between the ages of 60-69 yr were selected at random from a group of volunteers. The possible existence of a correlation between cortical diameter and activity level was investigated by using linear-model analysis. The width of the cortex may be related to many factors in addition to activity level. Some of the more important factors also considered were height, weight, ponderal index, age, years since taking estrogen, and total metacarpal diameter. The inclusion of these terms in the linear-model analysis allowed for an accounting of varibility as associated with variables that could not be held constant. The variables showing the most significant relationships with the cortical diameter were the activity level and the use of estrogen. The relationships investigated through the linear-model analysis do not need to be independent. It is possible that combinations of these variables act to retard or enhance osteoporosis. Therefore, because the primary concern of the investigators was the relationship between physical activity and osteoporosis, a t-test was performed comparing the 10 most active women with the 10 most sedentary.(ABSTACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Tags: Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Desc.: Age Factors; Aged; Body Height; Body Weight; Bone and Bones--Anatomy and Histology (AH); Estrogens--Administration and Dosage (AD); *Exertion; Menopause; Middle Age; *Osteoporosis--Occurrence (OC) Y008154 27 303162 84143162 Single-dose cefoxitin prophylaxis for premenopausal women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Hemsell DL; Heard ML; Nobles BJ; Hemsell PG Obstet Gynecol ,Mar 1984, 63 (3) p285-90, ISSN 0029-7844 Jrnl Code:OC2 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8406 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS A prospective randomized blinded study was conducted comparing a single 2-g preoperative dose of cefoxitin with three 2-g doses of cefoxitin over 12 hours given to pnemenopausal women scheduled for vaginal hysterectomy in Parkland Memorial Hospital. The incidence of major pelvic infection in 58 women given one dose was 1.7%, and it was 3.7% for 54 women given three doses. The mean hospital stay (4.5 days) was similar for both regimens; for those who developed major infection it was eight day. More aerobic bacteria with altered species dominance and fewer anaerobic bacteria were recovered from the vaginal cuff at discharge from the hospital when compared with those recovered from the endocervix preoperatively. There was a trend toward increasing minimal inhibitory concentrations to cefoxitin in bacteria isolated after surgery, which as more frequent in women given three doses. There was not a statistically significant intergroup difference in the recovery of bacteria resistant to cefoxitin in vitro after surgery. A single preoperative dose of cefoxitin was as effective in preventing major infection as were three perioperative doses, while providing other real and thoretic benefits. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Adult; *Bacterial Infections--Prevention and Control (PC); *Cefoxitin--Administration and Dosage (AD); Drug Administration Schedule; *Hysterectomy; *Hysterectomy, Vaginal; Menopause; *Premedication; Prospective Studies; Random Allocation CAS Registry No.: 35607-66-0 (Cefoxitin) Y008154 28 1279151 84119151 Understanding osteoporosis. Cornerstone of prevention and treatment. Jackson TK; Ullrich IH Postgrad Med ,Feb 1 1984, 75 (2) p118-25, ISSN 0032-5481 Jrnl Code:PFK Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8405 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Osteoporosis, especially in the elderly, may be preventable. Postmenopausal white women appear to be primarily at risk. Investigations into the etiology have concentrated on calcium metabolism. New noninvasive tests may supplant iliac biopsy, which is currently the definitive test for osteoporosis. The importance of adequate calcium intake and exercise should be stressed, even in childhood. Once the disease is established, estrogen and calcium therapy and exercise may be beneficial. Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc.: Adult; Aged; Androgens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium, Dietary--Administration and Dosage (AD); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Fluorides--Therapeutic Use (TU); Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Diagnosis (DI); Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); *Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Vitamin D--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) Y008154 29 131530 84152530 Blood pressure and hemodynamics in postmenopausal women during estradiol-1 beta substitution. Luotola H Ann Clin Res ,1983, 15 Suppl 38 p1-121, ISSN 0003-4762 Jrnl Code:53A Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8406 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Blood pressure, central hemodynamics and peripheral blood flow were measure at rest in 20 normotensive and 20 hypertensive postmenopausal women during cyclic placebo/estradiol-17 beta treatment. Micronized estradiol-17 beta was given in daily doses of 2 mg and 4 mg. Corresponding measurements were also performed during exercise in 10 borderline hypertensive subjects given estradiol-17 beta substitution in 2 mg daily doses for three months. In addition, electrocardiogram and changes in various hematological parameters were evaluated both at rest and during exercise. Cardiac output was determined by the isotope 113mIn radiocardiographic method, and peripheral blood flow was measured using the vena-occlusion plethysmograph. The serum estrone, estradiol, FS, LH and prolactin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Estradiol-17 beta substitution decreased the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in normotensive, hypertensive and borderline hypertensive postmenopausal women. The blood pressure of the hypertensive subjects decreased on average more than the blood pressure of the normotensive subjects. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the increase in serum estrone concentration and the decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures produced by the 4 mg daily doses of estradiol-17 beta in the hypertensive subjects. In the borderline hypertensive subjects systolic blood pressure was lower during estradiol-17 beta substitution than before treatment even when measured during exercise. No dose-dependent effect was observed in connection with the decrease in blood pressure. Irrespective of the pretreatment blood pressure levels, heart rate decreased during estradiol-17 beta substitution. The change was most marked in hypertensive and borderline hypertensive women. Estradiol-17 beta treatment did not influence heart rate during exercise. There was a statistically significant correlation between the decrease in resting heart rate and the increase in serum estrone concentration produced by the 4 mg daily doses of estradiol-17 beta in the normotensive subjects. Estradiol-17 beta substitution caused an increase in the blood volume in all groups of postmenopausal women. Estradiol-17 beta substitution with the 2 mg daily dose produced an increase in blood volume, which correlated significantly with the rise in both serum estrone and serum estradiol concentrations. This correlation was observed in both normotensive and hypertensiv Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; *Blood Pressure--Drug Effects (DE); Clinical Trials; Electrocardiography; ECG; Estradiol--Blood (BL); *Estradiol--Pharmacodynamics (PD); Estrogens--Blood (BL); Exertion; Gonadotropins--Blood (BL); Heart Rate--Drug Effects (DE); *Hemodynamics--Drug Effects (DE); Hypertension--Physiopathology (PP); *Menopause--Drug Effects (DE); Middle Age; Radioimmunoassay; Random Allocation CAS Registry No.: 0-28-2 (Estradiol) Y008154 30 1281171 84121171 Physiology and ecology of the vagina. Paavonen J Acand J Infect Dis [Suppl] ,1983, 40 p31-5, ISSN 0300-8878 Jrnl Code: UCY Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8405 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The human vagina is lined by stratified squamous epithelium which has no glands. Major components of the vaginal secretions are transudate through the vaginal walls, desquamating epithelial cells, cervical mucus, fluid from the upper genital tract, and leukocytes. Estrogens and sexual stimulation are examples of factors which increase vaginal fluid. Major organic constituents of the vaginal fluid are proteins, carbohydrates, and fatty acids. Organic acids arise as metabolic byproducts of vaginal bacterial flora, cause the vaginal odor and show cyclic changes except in oral contraceptive users. Qualitative and quantitative studies in humans as well as animal model studies have confirmed that the vaginal flora is a dynamic and closely interrelated system. Lactobacilli are most prevalent, but many other facultative and anaerobic organisms are present. An inverse relationship exists between the concentration of lactobacilli and other bacteria such as anaerobes. Aerobic bacteria decrease premenstrually whereas anaerobes, in general, remain at constant levels. During menarche, pregnancy, postpartum period, menopause, and postoperative trauma, dramatic changes occur in the microbial flora. The role of an IUD in causing changes in the microbial flora is under great scrutiny at the present time. Overall, disturbances in the vaginal ecosystem may have a potential impact on many diseases, and thus deserve careful studies. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human Desc.: Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Bacteroides--Isolation and Purification (IP); Child; Eubacterium--Isolation and Purification (IP); Exudates and Transudates--Analysis (AN); EXUDATES--Analysis (AN); Lactobacillus--Isolation and Purification (IP); Menarche; Menopause; Middle Age; Peptococcaceae--Isolation and Purification (IP); Pregnancy; PREGN; Staphylococcus epidermidis--Isolation and Purification (IP); Streptococcus--Isolation and Purification (IP); *Vagina--Microbiology (MI) Vagina--Secretion (SE) Y008154 31 1245165 84085165 [Female hygiene in the climacteric (material for talks)] Gigiena zhenshchiny v klimaktericheskom periode (material dlia besed). Kuznetsova AI Feldsher Akush ,Oct 1983, 48 (10) p38-41, ISSN 0014-9772 Jrnl Code:EVA Lang.: RUSSIAN Jrnl Ann.: 8404 Subfile: Nursing Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; *Climacteric; Diet; Exertion; *Health Education; Hygiene; Menopause; Middle Age; Sex Behavior Y008154 32 1227594 84067594 The sparing interaction of bone mass determinants: a hypothesis with implications for osteoporosis. Sandler RB; LaPorte RE Med Hypotheses ,Sep 1983, 12 (1) p67-75, ISSN 0306-9877 Jrnl Code:M0M Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8403 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Estrogen and calcium are two well described determinants of postmenopausal skelatal mass. In protecting the organism against bone erosion, the two factors interact in a reciprocally sparing fashion. This manifests in the fact, that correction of the deficiency of one of the factors, as in the case of estrogen replacement therapy prevents further bone loss despite the persistence of unaltered calcium intakes. The obverse is also true. Large dietary calcium intakes lead to calcium balance, despite the unrelieved estrogen deficiency of the menopause. It is hypothesized that physical activity which functions as another bone mass determinant, may also exert a sparing effect, and thus lower the requirements for calcium intake and perhaps bypass the need for estrogen replacement in the menopause. Confirmation of this hypothesis could provide a method for a nonpharmacologic approach to the prevention of osteoporosis and perhaps even an effective therapy for the repletion of bone tissue in the depleted osteoporotic skeleton. Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc.: Bone and Bones--Drug Effects (DE); Calcium--Physiology (PH) Estrogens--Physiology (PH); Exertion; Menopause; *Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET) CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 33 1131454 83286454 The diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic disorders in elderly patients. Huffman JW Comr Ther ,Jul 1983, 9 (7) p54-60, ISSN 0098-8243 Jrnl Code: DMZde: Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8312 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Elderly women can develop any of the gynecologic disorders that occur prior to the menopause. They also experience some genital problems that are, for the most part, peculiar to their age. They should, therefore, receive periodic examinations, including tests for cancer, just as they did when they were younger. Many of their distressing symptoms, particularly those caused by hypoestrogenism, minor vulvar diseases, the vulvar dystrophies, stress incontinence, and relaxations of the pelvic musculofascial tissues, can be either alleviated or cured by appropriate treatment. Some of those who are still sexually active or who would like to be will be helped by counseling. With good care, given by one who appreciates their special need for understanding, gentleness, and patience, most of the genital disorders that affect elderly women can be diagnosed and treated in such a fashion that these patients, if not otherwise disabled, can lead relatively active lives. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Diagnosis, Differential; DIAG DIFFER; Estrogens--Deficiency (DF); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; *Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Female--Diagnosis (DI); Genital Diseases, Female--Therapy (TH); Genital Neoplasms, Female--Diagnosis (DI); Menopause; Middle Age; Sex; Urinary Incontinence, Stress--Therapy (TH); Vulvar Diseases--Diagnosis (DI); Vulvar Diseases--Therapy (TH); Vulvar Neoplasms--Diagnosis (DI) Y008154 34 1084628 83239628 The assessment of physical activity in older women: analysis of the interrelationship and reliability of activity monitoring, activity surveys, and caloric intake. LaPorte RE; Black-Sandler R; Cauley JA; Link M; Bayles C; Marks B J Gerontol ,Jul 1983, 38 (4) p394-7, ISSN 0022-1422 Jrnl Code: IAVde: Contract/Grant No.: AM 21190 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8310 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS The interrelationship and reliability of three different activity measures were examined in 76 postmenopausal women. The women wore Large Scale Integrated (LSI) activity monitors, completed the Pafenbarger Activity Survey, and completed 3-day food logs for determination of caloric intake/expenditure. The Paffenbarger survey was assessed twice, a year apart. The results indicated that caloric intake was a very poor index of activity. The LSI activity monitoring and Paffenbarger survey were both effective, reliable measures of physical activity. However, they appeared to measure somewhat different aspects of physical activity. The LSI measured physical activity associated with movement, whereas the surveys measured the intensity component of energy expenditure. The research indicated that it is important to evaluate the characteristics of the activity of interest in order to select a physical activity tool for assessing activity patterns in older women. Tags: Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Desc.: Aged; *Caloric Intake; *Diet; *Exertion; *Health Surveys; Menopause; Middle Age; Monitoring, Physiologic Y008154 35 0880468 83035468 Postmenopausal spinal osteoporosis: physical therapy and rehabilitation principles. Sinaki M Mayo Clin Proc ,Nov 1982, 57 (11) p699-703, ISSN 0025-6196 Jrnl Code: LLY Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8302 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS In this communication the physical therapy and rehabilitation measures utilized in the management of patients with spinal osteoporosis are discussed. The bone loss and the subsequent bone disease that occur in some older persons, and especially in postmenopausal women, call for special physical therapeutic measures. One should be cautious about prescribing exercises, for some may predispose the spine to undue sprain and strain. This principle applies to any exercise program, whether therapeutic or recreational. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Braces; Chronic Disease; Exertion; Fractures, Spontaneous--Etiology (ET); Kyphosis--Rehabilitation (RH); *Menopause; Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); *Osteoporosis--Rehabilitation (RH); Pain--Therapy (TH); Palliative Treatment; *Physical Therapy; Posture; *Spinal Diseases--Rehabilitation (RH) Y008154 36 0875458 83030458 Sweating sensitivity and capacity of women in relation to age. Drinkwater BL; Bedi JF; Loucks AB; Roche S; Horvath SM Institute of Environmental Stress, Univ. of California, Santa Barbara. J Appl Physiol (US) ,Sep 1982, 53 (3) p671-6, ISSN 0161-7567 Jrnl Code: HAL Contract/Grant No.: OH-00896 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8302 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Ten postmenopausal and ten younger women resed for 2 h in a 40 degrees , 22.2-Torr vapor pressure environment. Sweating response was monitored by resistance hygrometry for onset, a platform balance for whole-body sweat rate, and five individual capsules for regional sweat rate. Other variables measured included forearm blood flow, heart rate (HR), mean skin (Tsk) and rectal (Tre) temperatures, sweat electrolytis (Na+ and K+), oxygen uptake, and plasma volume changes. Preliminary tests included maximal aerobic power (VO2max) and percent body fat. Heat stress did not elicit any significant differences in sweating response between age groups. Indices of heat strain, Tre and HR, were also similar for both groups. The only significant difference between younger and older women was a higher Na+ concentration in the forearm sweat of postmenopausal women. No thermoregulatory responses were related to age, but both sweat rate (r = 0.48) and peak Tsk (r = -0.43) were related to VO2max. For healthy, active, older women aging did not diminish the functional capacity of the sweating mechanism to cope with heat stress while resting in this specific thermal environment. Tags: Female; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Desc.: Adult; *Aging; Body Temperature Regulation; Body Temperature ; Forearm--Blood Supply (BS); Heart Rate; Heat; Middle Age; Regional Blood Flow; Stress--Physiopathology (PP); *Sweating Y008154 37 0869131 83024131 Postmenopausalosteoporosis [letter] Br Med J [Cln Res] ,Oct 30 1982, 285 (6350) p1273-4, Jrnl Code:B4X Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8302 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; *Menopause; *Osteoporosis--Drug Therapy (DT) CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 38 0852594 83007594 The epidemiology of physical activity in children, college students, middle-aged men, menopausal females and monkeys. LaPorte RE; Cauley JA; Kinsey CM; Corbett W; Robertson R; Black-Sandler R ; Kuller LH; Falkel J J Chronic Dis ,1982, 35 (10) p787-95, ISSN 0021-9681 Jrnl Code:HQV Contract/Grant No.: 5-34369 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8301 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Although the inverse relationship between physical activity and coronary heart disease (CHD) has been well documented, little is known concerning the epidemiology of physical activity. A primary reason for the lack of knowledge has been a problem of quantification of physical activity. We have employed the Large-Scale-Integrated (LSI)Activity Monitor in five diverse populations to measure individual physical activity levels. The results indicated that the instrument can accurately index individual physical activity levels, as well as to provide important information concerning the epidemiology of physical activity. Tags: Animal; Female; Human; Male; Support, U.S Gov't, P.H.S. Desc.: Adolescence; Adult; Child; Epidemiologic Methods; Macaca fascicularis; Menopause; Middle Age; *Movement; Physical Fitness; Students Y008154 39 0846253 83001253 Postmenopausal osteoporosis [letter] Br Med J [Clin Res] ,Oct 2 1982, 285 (6346) p970-1, Jrnl Code: B4Xe: Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8301 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Aged; Calcium--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; *Menopause; Middle Age; *Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET) CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 40 0807269 82252269 Spinal changes in relation to age, body weight and occupational stress] Wirbelsaulenveranderungen in Abhangigkeit vom Alter, Korpergewicht und beruflicher Belastung. Bruckner L; Apitz G; Baehnisch G; Dall E ZFA ,May-Jun 1982, 37 (3) p157-60, Jrnl Code: XSR Lang.: GERMAN Jrnl Ann.: 8211 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc.: Adult; Aged; *Aging; Backache--Pathology (PA); *Body Weight *Exertion; Intervertebral Risk--Pathology (PA); Lordosis--Pathology (PA); Lumbar Vertebrae--Pathology (PA); Menopause; Middle Age; Obesity--Pathology (PA); *Occupational Diseases--Pathology (PA); *Spinal Diseases--Pathology (PA) Y008154 41 0780749 82225749 Menopause--a medical challenge [editorial] Yen SC West J Med ,Mar 1982, 136 (3) p242-4, ISSN 0093-0415 Jrnl Code:XN5 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8210 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human; Male Desc.: Calcium--Metabolism (ME); Calcium, Dietary--Administration and Dosage (AD); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; *Menopause; Middle Age; Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC); Progestational Hormones--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 7440-70-2 (Calcium) Y008154 42 0775908 82220908 Effect of estrogen treatment on the genital tract flora of postmenopausal women. Larsen B; Goplerud CP; Petzold CR; Ohm-Smith MJ; Galask RP Obstet Gynecol ,Jul 1982, 60 (1) p20-4, ISSN 0029-7844 Jrnl Code:OC2 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8210 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS The anaerobic and aerobic flora of the vagina was identified in 79 postmenopausal women, 33 of whom received estrogen replacement. Four anaerobic species were more prevalent among estrogen-treated women than among untreated women, whereas 2 anaerobic species were less prevalent in the treated group. The types of organisms isolated from both groups are similar and all organisms isolated were considered usual inhabitants of the genital tract. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Anaerobiosis; Castration; *Estrogenic Substances, Conjugated--Therapeutic Use (TU); *Genitalia, Female--Microbiology (MI); *Menopause--Drug Effects (DE); Middle Age; *Premarin--Therapeutic Use (TU) Vagina--Microbiology (MI) Y008154 43 0748109 82193109 Possible influence of physical activity on musculoskeletal symptoms of menopausal and postmenopausal women. Gregory CA JOGN Nurs ,Mar-Apr 1982, 11 (2) p103-7, ISSN 0090-0311 Jrnl Code:KS2 Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8209 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The significance of this information is especially meaningful in determining nursing interventions that present minimal health risks and would be effective in reducing bone loss and diminish joint, bone, and muscle aches and pains experience by menopausal women. Nurses as role models, health professionals, and individuals can encourage, support, and teach these women to engage in regular physical exercise. Nurses can also become more knowledgeable regarding factors which influence the musculoskeletal symptoms, e.g., exercise program, smoking, heavy chores surrounding homemaking; and occupation by becoming involved in research in these areas and developing specific nursing interventions from the results. As stated above, the development of regular physical exercise habits in young girls and women of all ages could be an alternative solution in preventing and reducing musculoskeletal symptoms experienced during the climacteric period of life. The introduction of exercise regimens and the support of women engaged in regular physical activities could reduce the high cost of prolonged health care and human suffering in managing the consequences of postmenopausal osteoporosis, namely, fractures, immobility, deformities, and even death. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Aged; Climacteric; *Exertion; Hormones--Physiology (PH); Joint Diseases--Prevention and Control (PC); *Menopause; Middle Age; *Muscular Diseases--Prevention and Control (PC); *Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC) Y008154 44 0742881 82187881 Estrogen and exercise in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Aloia JF Geriatrics ,Jun 1982, 37 (6) p81-5, ISSN 0016-867X Jrnl Code: FO1de: Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8209 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; *Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); *Exertion; Fractures, Spontaneous--Prevention and Control (PC); Menopause; Middle Age Osteoporosis--Complications (CO); Osteoporosis--Diet Therapy (DH); *Osteoporosis--Prevention and Control (PC) Y008154 45 0631467 82076467 The epidemiology of high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in post-menopausal women. Cauley JA; LaPorte RE; Kuller LH; Black-Sandler R J Gerontol ,Jan 1982, 37 (1) p10-5, ISSN 0022-1422 Jrnl Code: IAVde: Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8204 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) appears to be the most important risk factor of heart attack where increased HDLc levels are associated with reduced heart attack risk. Little is known regarding the determinants of HDLc in older women. The current research investigated possible HDLc correlates in 75 post-menopausal women. Obesity was negatively related and was the strongest determinant. Alcohol consumption and physical activity were also highly related. Of importance was that physical activity was related but only at the highest levels (greater than or equal to 2,000 KiloCalories per week). The increased levels of HDLc as a function of physical activity was very interesting because the activities were of relatively low intensity suggesting that the amount of activity rather than intensity was the primary physical activity determinant of HDLc. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Analysis of Variance; *Cholesterol--Blood (BL); Exertion; Heart Rate; *Lipoproteins, HDL--Blood (BL); *Menopause; Middle Age; Obesity--Blood (BL) CAS Registry No.: 57-88-5 (Cholesterol) Y008154 46 0639126 82084126 Bone mineral content in relation to age and menopause in middle-aged women. A study of bone density in lumbar vertebrae by dual photon absorptiometry in a population sample of women. Lindquist O; Bengtsson C; Hansson T; Roos B Scand J Clin Lab Invest ,May 1981, 41 (3) p215-23, ISSN 0036-551 Jrnl Code: UCP Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8204 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS As one phase of a comprehensive population study of women, bone density was determined in the third lumbar vertebra by dual photon absorptiometric technique. The method involves the use of two radionuclides, which both emit gamma radiation but with different energies (241Am with 59.6 keV and 137Cs with 662 keV). Women in three age strata were studied: 46, 54 and 62 years. The bone mineral content was higher in premenopausal or recently postmenopausal 54-year-old women than in women of the same age who had been postmenopausal for a long time (p less than 0.02). A similar trend was found for women aged 62. The differences could not be explained by differences in other factors studied, such as body height, body weight, smoking habits, numbers of pregnancies or physical inactivity. No significant differences were found when women with similar menstrual status in different age-groups were compared. In the ages studied, hormonal factors seem to be more important than the age per se for the development of oeteoporosis. Tags: Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Aging; Body Height; Body Weight; *Bone and Bones--Anatomy and Histology (AH); Bone and Bones--Metabolism (ME); Exertion; Lumbar Vertebrae--Anatomy and Histology (AH); Lumbar Vertebrae--Radionuclide Imaging (RI); *Menopause; Middle Age; *Minerals--Metabolism (ME); Parity; Smoking Y008154 47 060605 82051050 The upper vaginal and cervical anaerobic flora in menopausal women. Blum M; Elian I Eur J Ostet Gynaecol Reprod Biol ,Sep 1981, 12 (3) p183-7, ISSN 0028-2243 Jrnl Code: E4L Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8203 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS The upper vaginal and cervical bacterial flora, especially the anaerobic one which has a particular role in postoperative morbidity, was studied in 78 menopausal women between 48 and 78 yr of age. The aim of the present study was to compare the results obtained with those reported for bacterial flora in women of other age groups. The patients were divided into the following 3 groups. (I) Twenty-eight healthy women with natural menopause; (II) 30 women, 2-6 mth after surgical menopause due to panhysterectomy; and (III) 20 menopausal women 3 mth after vaginal hysterectomy. 30.7% of the cultures were found to be sterile. The anaerobic bacteria, developed only in the presence of aerobic germs, represented 11.5% of the total number of cultures and was found to be formed by Streptococcus bacteroides sp. and Bacteroides fragilis. The vaginal flora of menopausal women is not different from that found in children, young women, in pregnancy or postpartum. The anaerobic germs isolated in our study are normal inhabitants of the vagina and cervix which may occasionally become pathogens. Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Anaerobiosis; *Bacteria--Isolation and Purification (IP); Bacteroides--Isolation and Purification (IP); *Cervix Uteri--Microbiology (MI); Enterobacteriaceae--Isolation and Purification (IP); *Menopause; Middle Age; Staphylococcus--Isolation and Purification (IP); Streptococcus--Isolation and Purification (IP); *Vagina--Microbiology (MI) Y008154 48 0591653 82036653 Nutritional, endocrine and demographic aspects of osteoporosis. Kleerekoer M; Tolia K; Parfitt AM Orthop Clin North Am ,Jul 1981, 12 (3) p547-59, ISSN 0030-5898 Jrnl Code: OKN Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8202 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS (53 Refs.) Tags: Animal; Female; Human; Male Desc.: Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors; Bone Development; Calcitonin--Physiology (PH); Child; Child, Preschool; Demography; Diet; *Estrogens--Deficiency (DF); Exertion; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Menopause; *Nutrition; *Osteoporosis--Etiology (ET); Osteoporosis--Occurrence (OC); Rats; Tobacco Use Disorder--Complications (CO); Vitamin D Deficiency--Complications (CO) CAS Registry No.: 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) Y008154 49 0580228 82025228 Pyometra. Muram D; Drouin P; Thompson FE; Oxor H Cal Med Assoc J ,Sep 15 1981, 125 (6) p589-92, ISSN 0008-4409 Jrnl Code: CKW Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8202 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS Pyometra is a potentially lethal disease. Eighteen cases, all but one in postmenopausal women, were diagnosed at the Ottawa General and Ottawa Civic hospitals between 1974 and 1978 inclusive. A review of this series and of the literature demonstrates that a large proportion of cases (72% in this series) are associated with or follow radiotherapy for a malignant disease of the uterus and that anaerobic bacteria are frequently isolated from the uterine cavity (in 56% of the patients in this series). Because pyometra is potentially lethal (one patient in our series died) it should be considered as an abscess and treated promptly and vigorously by evacuation and continued drainage of the uterine cavity. Curettage of the cavity and the endocervical canal after dilatation is essential to rule out associated malignant disease as well as to debride the necrotic tissue. Antibiotics effective against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria should be given to all patients with signs of systemic infection. Once the infection is controlled, the underlying problem can be treated. Tags: Case Report; Female; Human Desc.: Adult; Aged; Cervix Neoplasms--Complications (CO); Menopause ; Middle Age; Ontario; Retrospective Studies; Suppuration; Uterine Diseases--Diagnosis (DI); *Uterine Diseases--Etiology (ET); Uterine Diseases--Pathology (PA); Uterine Diseases--Therapy (TH) Y008154 50 544705 81274705 Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: some current concepts. Chesnut CH 3d Scott Med J ,Jan 1981, 26 (1) p72-80, ISSN 0036-9330 Jrnl Code:UJK Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8112 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Aged; Calcitonin--Therapeutic Use (TU); Calcium Carbonate--Therapeutic Use (TU); Dichloromethylene Diphosphonate--Therapeutic Use (TU); Ergocalciferol--Therapeutic Use (TU); Estrogens--Therapeutic Use (TU); Exertion; Menopause; Methandrostenolone--Therapeutic Use (TU); Middle Age; *Osteoporosis--Therapy (TH); Sodium Fluoride--Therapeutic Use (TU); Stanozolol--Therapeutic Use (TU) CAS Registry No.: 10418-03-8 (Stanozolol); 10596-23-3 (Dichloromethylene Diphosphonate); 471-34-1 (Calcium Carbonate); 50-14-6 (Ergocalciferol); 72-63-9 (Methandrostenolone); 7681-9-4 (Sodium Fluoride); 9007-12-9 (Calcitonin) Y008154 51 0317238 81047238 Aerobic and anaerobic urethral flora of healthy females in various physiological age groups and of females with urinary tract infections. Marrie TJ; Swantee CA; Hartlen M J Clin Microbiol ,Jun 1980, 11 (6) p654-9, ISSN 0095-1137 Jrnl Code: HSH Lang.: ENG. Jrnl Ann.: 8103 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS We characterized the aerobic and anaerobic urethral flora of healthy females in three physiological age groups (premenarcheal, reproductive, and postmenopausal) and of females with urinary tract infections. The mean number of species per sample was 6.5, 7.7, and 10.3 for each of the physiological age groups, respectively, and 6.5 for the urinary tract infection group. Marked quantitative changes were seen with age and disease. Aerobes accounted for 6?.6 and 73.8% of the flora of the premenar?heal and reproductive age groups, respectively, whereas anaerobes were dominant in the postmenopausal age group, accounting for 65.5% of the flora. Aerobic gram-negative rods were not isolated from any of the premenarcheal or reproductive-age subjects. Of the 10 postmenopausal subjects, 5 carried aerobic gram-negative rods, but these organisms accounted for only 1% of the flora. In contrast, they constituted 95% of the urethral flora of the urinary tract infection group. Bacteroides melaninogeneicus was commonly isolated and was the dominant isolate in the postmenopausal age group. Bacteroides fragilis was recovered from 7 of the 10 postmenopausal subjects, but these organisms constituted only 3% of the total flora. The factors responsible for the changes in urethral flora with age remain to be determined. Tags: Comparative Study; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Desc.: Adolescence; Adult; Aged; *Bacteria--Isolation and Purification (IP); Bacteroides--Isolation and Purification (IP); Child; Child, Preschool; Corynebacterium--Isolation and Purification (IP); Escherichia Coli--Isolation and Purification (IP); E COLI--Isolation and Purification (IP); Lactobacillus--Isolation and Purification (IP); Menopause Middle Age; *Urethra--Microbiology (MI); *Urinary Tract Infections--Microbiology (MI) Y008154 52 0188898 80188898 Vaginal microbial flora: practical and theoretic relevance. Larsen B; Galask RP Obstet Gynecol ,May 1980, 55 (5 Suppl) p100S-113S, ISSN 0029-7844 Jrnl Code: OC2 Lang.: ENG. Doc. Type: Review Jrnl Ann.: 8009 Subfile: AIM; INDEX MEDICUS The bacterial flora of the female reproductive tract is a focal point for the study of infectious disease in obstetrics and gynecology, as it is recognized that many pelvic infections involve bacteria resident on the cervical-vaginal epithelium. The vaginal flora contains a large variety of bacterial species, including aerobic and anaerobic organisms, as revealed by modern microbiologic methods. Recent studies have indicated that certain organisms commonly involved in pelvic infections particularly those following genital tract surgery, name Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, appear to be underrepresented in relationship to the infectious complications they cause. A possible explanation of this phenomenon has been suggested based on the finding that traumatic events in the reproductive tract, including parturition, surgery, and invasive malignancy, result in increased colonization by organisms commonly involved in pelvic infections. Other changes in the flora related to the host's hormonal milieu were identified and are generally less profound than those related to trauma. We have reviewed some of the newer aspects of our understanding of the genital flora, such as quantitation of the vaginal flora, which should continue to improve our understanding of the role of the genital flora in disease states. (56 Refs.) Tags: Animal; Female; Human Desc.: Adolescence; Adult; *Bacteria--Isolation and Purification (IP); Bacterial Infections--Microbiology (MI); Bacterial Infections--Physiopathology (PP); Child; Estrogens--Pharmacodynamics (PD); *Genital Diseases, Female--Microbiology (MI); Genital Diseases, Female--Physiopathology (PP); Genitalia, Female--Drug Effects (DE); Genitalia, Female--Surgery (SU); Lactobacillus--Isolation and Purification (IP); Menopause; Pregnancy; Rats; *Vagina--Microbiology (MI) Y008154 53 0107498 80107498 Biological variations in laboratory tests (document D, stage 3). Bretaudiere JP; Buret J; Favre R; Gueguen R; Petitclerc C; Sachs C; Siest G; Vernet M; Zender R Ann Biol Clin (Paris) ,1979, 37 (4) p229-39, ISSN 0003-3898 Jrnl Code 4ZS Lang.: ENG., FRENCH Jrnl Ann.: 8006 Subfile: INDEX MEDICUS Tags: Female; Human Desc.: Age Factors; Body Weight; *Chemistry, Clinical; Circadian Rhythm; Climate; Drugs; Exertion; Fasting; Menopause; Nutrition; Periodicity; Pregnancy; *Reference Values; Sex Factors